What letters are not needed in Russian? What secret meaning does each letter in the Russian language carry: “How our word will respond” - is it an empty sound?

Here are the questions of the school Olympiad in the Russian language for grade 2.

Task 1.

Find the common beginning for the words:
________-tina, ________-toshka, ________-ta, ________-man, ________-ton.

Task 2.
Find the words that are hidden in the words:
Stranded - ________________________________
Wolf - ________________________________
Fishing rod - ________________________________
Scythe - ________________________________
Pillar - ________________________________
Stable - ________________________________
Bison - _______________________________
Duck - ________________________________

Task 3.
Guess the puzzles:
Р1А________, О5_________, Ш3Х________, 1POINTS___________, E100nia _______________________, Za1ka

Task 4.
Fill in the missing letters in the words:
_zychok, R_siya, p_goda, m_ro_, ra__kaz, t_atr, _rtistka, suddenly_, vegetables, weight_lo, man, M_skva, r_boys, _once, t_tra_ka.

Task 5.
In what variant do the words not mean the same thing?

a) tear - teardrop
b) jug - water lily
c) birch - birch

Task 6.
Find the extra words, underline them and explain the reason for the exclusion:

a) ball, watermelon, forest, teeth

b) night, daughter, field, sing

Task 7.

Make words from the letters: s, l, o, m e, r, o, p u, r, a, k, h
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

Task 8.
Choose words that contain only soft consonants:
ticket, now, axe, six, thicket, anniversary.

Task 9.
Find the extra pair:

wide - narrow
loud – strong;
dark - light.
timid - brave

Task 10.
Highlight words that can be divided for hyphenation.

Autumn, pit, belt, Anna, watering can, ash, branches, anchor, skates, stork.

Task 11.
Highlight the words in which the initial letters should be capitalized.

Natasha, lake, mountain, dog, tuzik, Kuznetsov, Volga

Task 12.

In which word is the negation no heard 100 times?

Task 13.

What word contains three o but is written four?
letters.

Task 14.
Put emphasis on words.

Watermelon, caterpillar, belt, briefcase, driver, alphabet. brushwood, hungry, got it, got it.

Task 15.
Choose words that have opposite meanings.

1. Day _________________
2. Enemy _________________
3. Praise ______________
4. Heat ______________
5. Brave ______________

Task 16.
What new words will you get if you swap the syllables in the words:

Pine, reed, sting, canopy, actor, tire, boar, swing, hole, what.

Task 17.
Match these words with words that are similar in meaning.

1. Teacher-____________________.
2. Student - _____________________.
3. Car-____________________.

Task 18.
Find the extra word in each line and underline it.

1. Yolk, iron, yellow;
2. Beach, garden, lunch, play;
3. I, skis, we, he;
4. Watchmaker, part, hour.

Answers to the Olympiad questions:

1. Kar
2. Spruce, ox, daughter, wasp, table, lion, tooth, dot.
3. Homeland, again, touch, single, Estonia, hairpin.
4. Tongue, Russia, weather, frost, story, theater, artist, suddenly, vegetables, fun, man, Moscow, guys, once, notebook.
5. b
6. a) teeth - plural. b) sing - ch.
7. soap, feather, pen
8. now, thicket, anniversary.
9. loud - strong
10. belt, Anna, watering can, skates.
11. Natasha, Tuzik, Kuznetsov, Volga
12. moans
13. trio
14. Watermelon, caterpillar, belt, briefcase, driver, alphabet. brushwood, hungry, got it, got it.
15. 1. Day - night; 2. Enemy - friend; 3. Praise - scold; 4. Warm - cold; 5. Brave - cowardly.
16. Pump, mouse, bed, spring, grater, niche, jar, seagull, early, bed.
17. 1. Teacher - teacher; 2. Pupil - schoolboy; 3. Car - car
18. 1. iron; 2. play; 3. skis; 4. part.

Hard and soft signs do not indicate any sounds. The hard sign performs a dividing function and is used after prefixes ending in

consonants, as well as before the root of a word starting with e, e, yu or i (pre-anniversary, disheveled, weaning, sarcastic). For example, it helps us distinguish between the words “sat” and “ate.” The soft sign indicates the softness of the previous consonant: bindweed, monkey,

earlier, seven. Sometimes a soft sign helps to distinguish a masculine noun from a feminine one: for example, the word “thing” is feminine, and “horsetail” is masculine. In addition, it often contributes to the creation of different forms of the same verb: meet and meet.

But in the Old Russian language, soft and hard signs (er and er) meant very real sounds. The first meant the short sound “i”, and the second meant the same short “o”. Even before Russia adopted Christianity and the development of writing, the language had full, short and nasal vowels, and they all performed different functions. By the time of the baptism of Rus', nasal vowels had disappeared from the Russian language, but the letters to denote them remained. The former short vowels ь and ъ in some words found themselves in strong positions (for example, under stress, before a cluster of several consonants, in adjacent syllables with other short

vowels or far from stressed syllables with any vowels) and thus turned into full vowels o or e, and in others - in weak positions (at the absolute end of a word,

in adjacent syllables with stressed vowels) and gradually simply disappeared from use. Previously, the hard sign was in the word “connect” instead of “o”, the soft sign in the word “day” instead of “e”. In modern Russian there is such a thing as “fluent vowels”. This is the legacy of Old Russian. This is why texts in Old Russian are so difficult to read.

Do we need hard and soft signs? It's hard to say. In the Czech language, for example, they have long been replaced by diacritics. Language is subject to change, and it is possible that sooner or later ъ and ь will cease to exist as letters of the alphabet.

1. In accordance with what sounds are indicated by letters, all letters are divided into vowels and consonants.

There are 10 vowel letters:

2. In Russian, not all speech sounds are designated, but only the main ones. In Russian 42 basic sounds - 6 vowels and 36 consonants, whereas number of letters - 33. The number of basic vowels (10 letters, but 6 sounds) and consonants (21 letters, but 36 sounds) also does not match. The difference in the quantitative composition of basic sounds and letters is determined by the peculiarities of Russian writing.

3. In Russian, hard and soft sounds are indicated by the same letter.

Wed: sir[sir] and gray[sir].

4. The six basic vowel sounds are represented by ten vowel letters:

[And] - And (Cute).

[s] - s (soap).

[A] - A (May) And I (my).

[O] - O (my) And e (Christmas tree).

[e] - uh (This) And e (me l).

[y] - at (ku st) And yu (yu la).

Thus, to designate the four vowel sounds ([a], [o], [e], [y]) there are two rows of letters:
1) a, o, e, y; 2) i, e, e, yu.

Pay attention!

1) I, e, e, yu are letters, not sounds! Therefore they are never used in transcription.

2) The letters a and i, o and e, e and e indicate respectively: a and i - the sound [a]; o and e - sound [o], e and e - [e] - only under stress! For the pronunciation of these vowels in an unstressed position, see paragraph 1.8.

5. The letters i, e, ё, yu perform two functions:

after a consonant they signal that the preceding consonant represents a soft consonant:

Xia Du[from hell], se l[s’el], that's it[s’ol], here[s’ uda];

after vowels, at the beginning of a word and after the separating ъ and ь, these letters denote two sounds - the consonant [j] and the corresponding vowel:

I - , e - , e - , yu - .

For example:

1. after vowels: chew t[zhujot], I shave t[br'eju t];

2. at the beginning of a word: e l , I to ;

3. after separators ъ And b: ate[сjé l], view n[v'jūn].

Pay attention!

1) The letters i, e, e after the hissing letters zh and sh do not indicate the softness of the preceding consonant sound. The consonant sounds [zh] and [sh] in the modern Russian literary language are always hard!

Shila[shouled], tin[zhes’t’], walked[shol].

2) The letter and after the consonants zh, sh and c denotes the sound [s].

Shila[shouled], lived[zhyl], circus[circus].

3) Letters a, y and o in combinations cha, schcha, chu, schuh, cho, schuh do not indicate the hardness of the consonants ch and shch. The consonant sounds [ch’] and [sch’] in the modern Russian literary language are always soft.

Chum[ch'um], (five) pike[sh'uk], Part[h’as’t’], Shchors[Sh'ors].

6. The sound [j] is indicated in writing in several ways:

after vowels and at the end of a word - with the letter th;

May[maj].

at the beginning of a word and between two vowels - using the letters e, e, yu, i, which denote the combination of a consonant [j] and the corresponding vowel;

E l , I to .

The presence of the sound [j] is also indicated by the separating ъ and ь - between the consonant and vowels e, e, yu, i.

Ate l[сjé l], view n[v'jūn].

7. The letters ъ and ь do not represent any sounds.

Separating ъ and ь signal that the following e, e, yu, i designate two sounds, the first of which is [j].

Non-separating b:

1) indicates the softness of the preceding consonant:

Stranded[m'el'];

2) performs a grammatical function.

For example, in the word mouseь does not indicate the softness of the preceding consonant, but signals that the given noun is feminine.

For more information about spelling ъ and ь, see paragraph 1.11. Use of b and b.

Exercises for the topic “Speech sounds and letters”

Other topics

The word is the same activity

and here - more than anywhere else...

Blessed is he who knows how to read it.

F. M. Dostoevsky

That's the question!

First, a small digression. Once in Moscow, around 1998, I filmed the First All-Union Conference “Problems of Energy and Information Exchange in Nature” for the program “Step Over the Horizon”. It was there that I first heard that A.S. Pushkin, after he had written and already published the poem “Ruslan and Lyudmila,” wrote the well-known preface “At Lukomorye there is a green oak...” where, it turns out, “cat” is not “ cat”, and “oak” is not “oak””, but something else - some encrypted message written by the poet after the poet’s initiation into a certain All-World Charter.

What kind of Certificate is this? Who knows the secret of her code?

After some time, fate gave me a meeting with the founder, or rather, the revivalist of the All-World Charter, Ananiy Fedorovich Shubin - Abramov. From him I learned that more than 7 thousand years ago the Charter was brought to Earth. In that pre-Christian era, the ancient Slavs, knowing this Charter, understood the language of animals and birds, had knowledge in the field of higher mathematics, astronomy, music, and so on.

This alphabet had 147 letters - for mere mortals and 1254 for initiates. Imagine how much information each word contained! The range of communication was many times greater.

What especially struck me was that each letter of the All-Light Alphabet had its own spelling, semantic meaning, sound, color, smell, taste - which corresponded to the senses with which a person evaluates the world around him. The letter moved in a special way, changed, and connected with other letters in a unique multidimensionality.

They were written on three levels: nav, pravo, reality.

I will not describe in detail the properties of this ABC; I will simply refer those who are inquisitive, but not curious (I like to torture), to the site “All the World Literacy”.

“Define the meaning of words, and you will free humanity from many worries,” I read from Descartes.

An image appears not only behind every word, but also behind every letter.

A correct understanding of the meaning of letters provides the key to deciphering any word. On the other hand: the first part of the word means who or what carries out the action, the middle part - how, by means of which this action is performed, the final part of the word - means for what purpose, why this happens. By applying these simple rules, you can understand why “in the beginning was the Word...”

The “WORD” itself means “to see all four sides with people” (OVO), or to catch the Universe (“O”). There are other readings of this word.

Based on the All-Light Letter, many discoveries have already been made.

Our compatriot Pyotr Petrovich Oreshkin found the key to deciphering Etruscan mirrors, the Phaistos disk, the inscriptions of the ancient Egyptians and other ancient documents. The key used by the author to unravel the mysteries of thousands of years is simple - this is the ancient Slavic language and writing of our ancestors.

“The most ancient documents were written using different alphabetic systems, but in the same language, and here lies the key to deciphering them. The signs are different, the language is the same,” said Pyotr Oreshkin.

“The whole earth had one language and one dialect.

Here, at some point in the Deliberate Catastrophe, the Unified Language was broken and fragmented into pieces. The “Big Word” turned out to be torn into pieces, which were then distributed to the “builders”, who for some reason suddenly forgot what the original looked like; it can only be restored in our darkened consciousness by laying the “bricks” of the destroyed Tower of Babel in their original order, where “Probably, the most valuable information was stored, the possession of which became threatening,” writes Pyotr Oreshkin in the preface to his work.

Oleg Gusev, editor of the newspaper “For Russian Cause,” introduced me to a photocopy of the manuscript of the book “The Babylonian Phenomenon” in St. Petersburg. The book itself was published in a modest edition at one of the universities in Rome.

In one of the chapters, Pyotr Oreshkin writes: “The very word “Etruscans” gives reason to say that they were an ancient Slavic tribe of Russians. “This is Russian” - it clearly reads. However, many “specialists” strive to “link” Etruscan, it seems, with all Indo-European languages, with the exception of Old Slavic.

To understand the mechanics of Etruscan writing and understand the complexity of its decipherment, it is necessary to emphasize that the ancient priests did not at all seek to simplify the alphabet. Just the opposite!

They tried with all their might to complicate it, resorting to cunning tricks, with one goal: to hide the very principle of writing from outsiders. It was as if they were writing in “childish” handwriting. To hide the “mechanism” of writing, initiates had several techniques. The direction of the letter was constantly changing. The text could be read either from left to right or from right to left. Letters were sometimes written upside down. Individual letters were deliberately distorted. The vowels in the letter were omitted.”

It turns out that the text is read from right to left, and from left to right, and from top to bottom, and from bottom to top, and even vertically, horizontally and diagonally.

Recently, I have developed the habit of reading inscriptions, posters, and signs backwards. For example, I see the sign of the “Mars” store - I won’t go there. This is probably part of the solution to Pushkin’s “the learned cat keeps walking around the chain.” “Cat” in the opposite direction is read as “current” that flows through the circuit.

Try to recite “The Tale of Igor’s Host” in forward and reverse order and it will be revealed to you: who was “Bojan the prophetic, whoever wants it”, why “Yaroslavna wept loudly early in the morning in Putivl”, what is Troyan’s Path, etc. By the way, the text of “The Lay,” like other ancient literary monuments, was written in a continuous line, without spaces. The same text had different meanings. Is this why there are so many translations of the same “Tale of Igor’s Campaign”. As in Goethe, “Everyone sees the world in a different form...”

Previously, there were many ways of learning the images of words. I won’t dwell on them, but I’ll say the main thing:

The ancient language was intended not so much for reading, but mainly as a system for extracting images from words and texts.

In Rus' in Vedic times, the great unified Old Russian language had a more developed phonetics and grammatical structure than the modern Russian language.

What is now considered the “Russian” language has little in common with the language in which our ancestors communicated.

What led to the loss of the image in the words of the Great Mighty Russian Language?

First of all, this is an abbreviation of letters.

Out of 147 letters, only 33 remain. To express a thought, we use only 33 characters. Is this why we are so verbose today? Moreover, only a shadow reflection of these letters has survived. What can you learn by looking at a shadow?

All the “reforms” of recent centuries were aimed at simplifying and losing the imagery of the language. Cyril and Methodius were the first to reduce the ABC to 49 characters. Documents have been preserved where they themselves repented of this sin.

Peter Ι increased their number to 38. He also removed the letter “M” - “think”. Why does a Russian person need to think?

Nicholas II and Lunacharsky settled on 33 letters.

In 1917, an extraordinary event occurred to reform the Russian language. On December 23, instead of the alphabet, the alphabet appeared, and with it the phonetic reading of symbols, which gives only an everyday understanding of the text.

Our contemporaries no longer understand the difference between the alphabet and the alphabet. In the alphabet, letters are simply icons.

In the alphabet, letters are image and meaning.

Phonetic reading of letters does not (with rare exceptions) provide access to an understanding of the semantic information contained in the text being read. When reading phonetically, we seem to skim along the surface, unable to go into the depths.

To go into depth is to master not the combination of letters, not the spelling of letters, but the combination of images, the connection in essence: why it is said this way, and this differently, and what diverse meaning is embedded in it.

With the transition to a phonetic method of extracting information, our language ultimately became ugly. It can also be read ugly.

Until 1917, primary education required knowledge of at least the basics of the Old Church Slavonic language. Education began with this - access to ancient texts; without this, further education was considered meaningless.

Before the language reform of 1917, each letter of the alphabet had its own name.

It is written "A", read - AZ, means - I ("I" is not the last letter in the alphabet). It is written "B", read - BUKI, means - LETTER, BOOK. It is written “B”, read - LEAD, means - TO KNOW, KNOW, etc.

Az Buki Vedi - I Know (I Know) God.

Az is the basis, the beginning.

Verb Good - speak, do good.

“To burn the hearts of people with a verb.” To speak means to do Good.

Good is Life. Life is good.

Live Zelo Earth. Live on the earth.

And How People Think - He is Our Peace.

That is, what you people think is your world. What goes around comes around.

Rtsy The Word is Firm. Speak the word firmly.

In order to create something, you need to form an image.

What is IMAGE? The etymology of this word is far from clear.

In Ozhegov’s dictionary: result; the ideal form of displaying material objects and phenomena in the human mind; appearance, appearance; type, character; order; direction or etc.

Dahl: portrait, likeness, painted face, icon.

Among the Slavs, among other things, these are three-dimensional wooden figures of the Gods.

Each of us has our own image when reading or writing a word. Everyone has their own “cow”, their own “home”.

Each letter of the Russian alphabet is a symbol of something.

For example, the letter “Zh” is a symbol of life, “D” is a symbol of home.

Our ancestors had certain images behind each letter.

What images are behind the letters now?

B - drum

B - crow, etc.

Although, if you look closely, “watermelon” is “ar” or ra - the sun, “buz” is a tooth, “crow” is a thief, etc.

They believe that the alphabet is simply letters arranged in a certain order. That's all!

Perhaps that is why they were so easily and simply removed from the Russian alphabet. 33 letters left. Moreover, in ancient times there were 19 vowel letters, but today there are only 5, and vowel letters are the basis of the energy of the language. Each vowel sound has its own color.

For example, “A” is red, “E” is light green, “I” is blue, “O” is yellow, “U” is green, “Y” is brown, “E” is orange, “Y” - turquoise, “I” - pink-red.

Together with color, vowel sounds affect our internal organs, since each organ operates at a certain frequency. It is not for nothing that chanting Indian mantras or prayers has a beneficial effect on the body.

After the reduction of letters, the imagery of the language was lost, for example, after the destruction of the letters Ъ and і (there were already ten of them), the images and meanings in the words were lost: For example: L. N. Tolstoy called his novel “War and Peace,” i.e. “ War and the People,” and not just “peace” in the sense of “let’s hug, passerby.” N.V. Gogol wrote his work called “Dead Souls”, not “Dead Souls”.

Then they replaced “Z” with “S”. The word “rasskaz” was changed to “story”, “reins” to “reins”, etc. With this replacement, the result is the glorification of the demon: “inglorious” (besglorious), “useless” (useless), “uncultured” (bes cultured), “heartless” (heartless), “inhumane” (inhumane), “unscrupulous” (unscrupulous), “disorderly” (disorderly), “invaluable” (invaluable), etc.

Today they are trying to remove the vowel letter “Y” from the ABC. Often it is simply omitted when writing, and in some books it is not printed at all. On computers it was placed not in a row of letters, but to the side of the numbers.

Without the letter “Ё” it is impossible to distinguish the meaning of words. For example: “tree” and “tree”, “donkey” and “donkey”, “chalk” and “chalk”, “film” and “film”, etc. Why should we write “child” and say “child” ", or - "mother-in-law" and "mother-in-law"

Our education leaders say that further simplification is inevitable if we want to live by European standards. But who said that their language standard is higher? There they have already shortened it to 24 letters!

“Why do we need so many letters? - they asked me indignantly after the program about All-World Literacy, - Look, English doesn’t make do with 23 letters, and that’s enough for them. Why do we need one hundred and forty-seven!”

Overseas languages ​​are almost entirely built not on figurative principles, but on sound codes.

Two letters, connecting, form a new image. Like a montage of different shots in a movie.

We can understand an image as a set of diverse knowledge that is combined into a specific description of an object or phenomenon.

The figurative structure of ancient speech provided for many synonymous words and variants of their assembly. Each image carries a deep essence, which makes it possible to understand the purpose and existence of this image.

In modern man, due to the simplification of language and the lack of imaginative thinking, many brain processes are inhibited. The brain of our ancestors did not work at the modern 3%.

In ancient times, our ancestors considered the alphabet as a code for the creation of the Creator. The word has always been perceived as the beginning of creation, and the letter was, as it were, a unit, an atom of creation. Each letter had its own meaning, its own image, its own meaning. Many peoples deified the alphabet. When interpreting words, interaction occurs in images.

But not all words should be interpreted figuratively, since many concepts have now lost their figurative meaning. Simplification of the alphabet has led to the fact that our body is no longer affected by spells and slander, because they are pronounced with the wrong frequency and vibration.

A group of Russian scientists G. S. Grinevich, L. I. Sotnikova, A. D. Pleshanov and others proved that our alphabet contains knowledge about the laws of the universe in encrypted form.

The word EDUCATION itself is literally the making of images..

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy said that in the process of EDUCATION it is not development that is important, but the goal of development - the creation of a harmonious person.

It turns out that the modern education system does not provide a holistic worldview and attitude at all. Only a set of academic knowledge, sometimes contradictory, that cannot be applied in life.

Even before 1700, each letter in the ABC had its own numerical value.

For example: A - 1, D - 4, C - 200, etc. Arabic numerals were introduced by Peter I. Before that, all numbers were designated by letters with a special icon on top - “titlo”. Pythagoras argued that letters and numbers have the same vibrations.

It turns out that the alphabet is a system of numerical codes. By pronouncing words, we communicate with the Cosmos. The universe responds to our vibrations.

Language is given to man not only for communication with each other, but also for communication with the Cosmos.

This is another facet of the ABC, which our ancestors knew.

Letters have a certain shape and graphics.

With the discovery of torsion fields, another component of the letter became known. Since each letter has its own shape, and the shape creates a torsion field, the letter contains certain information from the field of Consciousness. It turns out that by cutting down the ABC, we are disconnected from the area of ​​​​the general information field of the Universe.

Another interesting point is the repetition of letters in dance poses, where each position has a textual reading. Why do Russians love Indian cinema?

We have only touched upon the great Russian language, which our ancestors professed for thousands of years. Today, its figurative meaning is revealed to everyone exactly as much as they are prepared to perceive what is recognizable. When you build barriers for yourself in knowing the past, then this is your problem. The main thing is that you yourself want to understand and accept this. In Rus' in Vedic times, the great Old Russian language had a more developed phonetics and grammatical structure than the modern Russian language.

The Russian language still remains a language of images of deep meaning, in contrast to European ones, which give a superficial understanding of the transmitted information.

Our language, our thoughts are material substances and have a wave nature. Russian scientist Pyotr Garyaev compared mathematical models of human speech and genetic code. It turned out that they have the same geometry, that is, DNA is built according to the laws of human speech. “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.” The Creator created DNA and all living things with the help of the Word. In addition to the fact that DNA produces a melody, it can be read from right to left, from top to bottom, and in the opposite direction - just as they once read the All-World Letter.

It is the letters of the Russian alphabet that are the symbols through which our reality is created.

All is not lost!

Genetic memory when reading letters, even in a truncated shadow display, helps to convey to us all the “33 pleasures”. And sound, and color, and volume, and smell, and the beauty of writing, and, most importantly, the figurative perception of the world. The very structure of simple words in the Russian language contains fundamental knowledge about everything. Anyone who knows Russian can remember them. Just studying the images of the Russian language can awaken genetic memory. I repeat the call of Pyotr Oreshkin: “The door is open, come in!” But not many heard him.

I will end my reflections with words from the Gospel: “Whoever knows the true word of life must, is obliged to tell it to his ignorant brother wandering in the darkness.”

But who needed these “reforms” of the Russian language?

It is not here and not for me to answer this question.