Royal life in Germany and not for Germans (5 photos). Royal life

The problem of authorship. Treatise PerЂ Pron (“On Definitions”) for a long time was attributed to St. Athanasius the Great, although it was placed in the category of spuria (forged writings) in the patrolology of Min. In a short preface to it, the publishers noted that its falsity is visible both from the reference to St. Gregory of Nyssa, and from the style and peculiarities of the use of words and expressions. In Clavis Patrum Graecorum (“Key of the Greek Fathers”) this treatise is also attributed to St. Athanasius the Great. Nevertheless, it is reported there that there is a different review of the definitions by the Monk Anastasius Sinaite (c. 675–753) in the “Guide” (`OdhgХj, see PG 89, 52–88). After even a superficial comparison of the “Guide” with the content of the treatise “On Definitions”, it turns out that the latter is a paraphrase, in some places verbatim, of the second chapter of the “Guide”, given with some abbreviations. This is indicated by almost the same content (only some points are missing or changed places), the presence of the above-mentioned reference to St. Gregory of Nyssa in the “Guide,” the same etymological calculations, and much more. In all likelihood, the second chapter of the “Guide” served as a model for the creation of the treatise “On Definitions”. Nevertheless, these facts do not exclude the possibility that the author of the treatise “On Definitions” did not simply retell a chapter from the “Guide” word for word, but independently revised and supplemented it. The last part of the treatise “On Definitions” about the soul is completely absent in the second chapter of the “Guide”. Thus, with a certain degree of probability, it is possible to exclude St. Athanasius the Great from the number of possible authors of the treatise PerЂ Pron, as well as other authors who lived before the 7th century. The true author of the treatise “On Definitions” is most likely the Monk Anastasius of Sinaite or someone from his inner circle.

I.

1. Various definitions, according to the tradition and faith of the Universal Church, collected from Clement and other reverend men and blessed Fathers, which should be studied before all other sciences and in them taught to a person who wants, with the help of God, to be guided by the Word of truth, who thinks about everything Orthodoxy, who has pure faith in God.

2. In relation to the exact tradition, one should know that every sought-after or question has three [aspects] of research and investigation: what this thing is, according to what it is called that way, and [how many meanings] this concept has. And when we ask “what is it,” it is obvious that we are looking for the definition of a thing, and whenever we say “why is it called that,” we turn to the etymology of the concept. When we say “[how many meanings] does this concept have” it is clear what we are looking for distinctive features this concept. Of course, [every person] who tries to assert something about determinations outside the [concept of] species is no different from a blind traveler wandering first in one direction and then in the other. So, it should be said how research is carried out according to the three above-mentioned methods.

IX. Why is He called “Firstborn”

Because He was the first to rise from hell, just as we will be resurrected at His second coming. But if Lazarus and the daughter of Jairus, and many others, were resurrected before Him, why was not one of them called the firstborn? - Because after they rose from the dead, they died again. Christ, having risen, died no more. And everything that was with Him will be with us in the resurrection. For He was the first to rise from the dead by an incorruptible resurrection, which we also hope to taste in the future and which does not accept death.

X. What is a word and how many meanings does it have?

The word is of three types: 1) the essential word (™noЪsioj), that is, God the Word, 2) the internal word (™ndiЈqetoj), that is, angelic, and also pronounced in our mind, and 3) the spoken word (proforikХj) through the tongue, which is called the messenger of thought.

XI. What [the word means] Christian

A true Christian is a reasonable house of Christ, consisting of good deeds and correct teachings. A heretic is one who oppresses and blasphemes the truth. The false assumption of something that does not exist is heresy. The unchangeable is that which always exists in the same way. The natural is that which rests in nature, or that which is true, which is truly known. The anti-natural is that which God did not create as such [as it is now], or that which He did not create at all, such as sin and death. In man there are three [ways of existence]: in accordance with nature (tХ kat¦ fЪsin), anti-natural (tХ par¦ fЪsin), supernatural (tХ Шпќr fЪsin). For example, what is in accordance with nature is marriage, what is contrary to nature is fornication, and what surpasses nature is virginity. Also, wealth acquired justly is in accordance with nature, covetousness is contrary to nature, and non-acquisitiveness is beyond nature. Likewise, moderate consumption of food is in accordance with nature, gluttony is contrary to nature, and fasting is contrary to nature. In the same way, according to nature, calmness, anxiety is contrary to nature, and love for enemies surpasses nature. So it is in other cases. Etymology is the correct interpretation of the power of a name, derived from the very meaning [of it]. Like for example [when asked]: where does the word come from? world(e„r"nh)? - From what calms the mind (єreme‹n tХn noаn), as well as anxiety(taracѕ) comes from [the phrase] “easily embarrassed” (tХ·ґon ce‹sqai), and wandering(plЈnh) because “the mind maneuvers” (plagiЈzein tХn noаn). Prudence(swfrosЪnh) - either from [the phrase] “to think about the whole” (sоa fron‹n), or from [the expression] “to protect the body from defilement” ( tХ soma froure‹n ўpХ ·Ъpou). Fornication(porne...a) - either from the “burning of youth” (puroаn tѕn neТthta), or from a “damaged” or “blinded mind” ( phroаn, Ажj ™ktufloаn tХn noаn), or from [the expression] “lean to the side” (pТё·wqen neЪein). And similar in everything else. The body, consisting of elements, undergoes decomposition and disappears. Therefore, the bodies of both people and animals, consisting of the four elements, I mean earth, water, fire and air, are easily subject to decay and death. And that which consists of them constantly arises and is destroyed, when the combination of the elements disintegrates, and each one joins its own natural place. The elements themselves, being simple and without composition, have strength and indestructibility until the end of [the age].

XII. About the soul

We will say about the soul that it has five affects, which are called mental affects. They are: anger, sadness, fear, concern and envy. With common sense, you can restrain them. The soul itself is hot, like a blazing fire. Just as fire burns what is thrown into a pot, so the fiery (purîdhj) soul crushes incoming food in the belly and digests [it]. The soul (yucs) is called so not because its essence is cold (yucrXn), as some of the simpletons believed, but because, due to intense heat, it turns moisture into steam, as is clearly the case from the action of the sun, which evaporates moisture with heat , for it (the sun), being heat and being fiery, dries up the swamp and evaporates all the water. You can understand that the soul is heat by nature from the example of the dying. Indeed, at the time when the soul is separated from the body, all members become cold and frozen, no worse than from the winter cold. When the soul has food in sufficient quantity, the body blooms and grows stronger. When [the soul] needs food, it begins to eat and destroy the body itself. After all, a body cannot withstand the heat of the soul without food, just as a copper vessel standing in a furnace cannot withstand the power of fire without water, and therefore it dries out and is completely destroyed. Likewise, a vessel of the body that does not have food, being burned by the fiery soul, is completely destroyed. And if someone argues with you about the soul, ask him: “Tell me, is the human soul in the whole body or in some part of it?” If he tells you that in the whole body, tell him: “And how [can it happen that] they cut off a person’s arm or leg and do not cut off part of the soul, but the person lives again and does not die?” If he answers: “It is in one place,” say again: “How do the other parts of a person live without a soul? And how can a person have an inanimate member of the body? And how can he live without a soul? After all, everything that doesn’t have a soul is dead, and you don’t know what you’re saying.” I tell you in what place, how and where the soul is placed. It is placed in three parts of the body, and just as a ray of the sun is directed to one place and, entering [part of] a house, illuminates the whole house, so the soul, being placed in three parts of the body, gives life to the whole house of the body. The soul inhabits the heart, the back of the head, which is called the goblet (kТtulon), and the royal veins. The soul lives in these three parts. Therefore, while the heart is pierced, or a lot of blood flows from the royal vein, or the head is struck and cut off with a sword, the soul is immediately separated from the body and the body becomes dead. The soul living in these three parts imparts its own life force to the whole body.

Ahmed is also offered a job. But why? On benefits, he can live quietly in warmth and comfort, without doing anything. Ahmed plans to soon move his second wife to Germany. But there are a few “buts”. Firstly, polygamy is prohibited in Germany. Secondly, the Syrian entered into his first marriage when his wife was only 14, which also does not comply with the laws in Germany. The Germans themselves reacted with dissatisfaction to this news, because they estimated the maintenance of one such family at as much as 7,000 euros per month. For such luxury you just don’t need to be a German citizen and have a large family.

Ahmed does not hesitate to tell journalists that he is very grateful to Angela Merkel, who literally made his dream come true: he lives in a well-groomed and safe European country with his entire family using money allocated by the state. "She the only person, who sincerely felt the suffering of the Syrians. I also thank all Germans for their compassion towards my people.”

In his homeland, Ahmed worked as an unskilled worker, and he is also illiterate.

Naturally, there is no talk of any fees for the house: everything is free. Additional goodies include a fireplace and a large flat-screen TV. Ahmed told reporters that he wants four wives and ten children.

When the population began to have too many uncomfortable questions, officials referred to the interests of minors, explaining that the asylum was provided in accordance with all the rules. Activists are trying to sue district authorities for promoting polygamy.

In the comments, the Germans estimated the maintenance of one such family at 7,000 euros per month, which does not fit into normal logic. Outraged people write that this can be achieved by working until 70: "Health insurance, dentures, housing, bus and travel, international driver license, free Wi-Fi and all this for free! The main requirement is that you are not German!!!"

Just in case, I took a closer look at the source of the information. This is the Welt, a highly influential German business newspaper published since 1946. She can be completely trusted - to the extent, of course, that independent Western media can generally be trusted. Here is the original article:

German-speaking commentators under the article express moderate dissatisfaction with the situation. Law-abiding citizens are embarrassed, for example, by open bigamy - German laws prohibit this family format. They also don’t like the fact that native Germans work until they are 67 and then collect bottles in retirement, while refugees receive generous benefits at the age of 32 without having worked a single day in Germany.

On July 17, 1918, in the basement of the house of engineer Ipatiev in Yekaterinburg, the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II, his wife Alexandra Feodorovna, four Grand Duchesses: Olga, Tatiana, Maria and Anastasia, Tsarevich Alexei and several people close to the royal family were shot.

During the Russian Civil War, when blood flowed like a river, murder royal family in society it was not perceived as a terrible crime. During the period of socialism in the USSR, this crime was even passed off as some kind of just act, and the streets of cities, especially Sverdlovsk, were named after the regicides. And only in the last two decades, the tragedy of this event became clear. No matter how bad the last one was Russian Tsar, but neither he, nor his wife, nor, especially, his children deserved such a terrible fate.

Characters and performers

However, some higher justice has long since rendered its verdict. It can be said without much exaggeration that regicides fell upon the heads ultimate punishment. Moreover, a certain curse clearly affected not so much the performers as those who made the decision to liquidate the Romanovs.

True, with historical point From a perspective, the question of who exactly made this decision is very confusing. According to the generally accepted version, the decision was made by the Ural authorities, but was agreed upon with the chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, Yakov Sverdlov. One way or another, both the leader of the world proletariat Vladimir Lenin and the main Ural Bolshevik Evgeniy Preobrazhensky, who since May 1918 served as chairman of the presidium of the Ural Regional Committee of the RCP (b), avoided direct responsibility for the decision to liquidate the Romanovs. It is officially believed that the decision to shoot the royal family was made on July 14 at a meeting of the Presidium of the Ural Regional Council of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies by the following comrades: Chairman of the Council of Deputies Alexander Beloborodov, member of the Presidium of the Ural Regional Committee of the RCP (b) Georgy Safarov, Military Commissar of Yekaterinburg Philip Goloshchekin , supply commissar of the Ural Regional Council Pyotr Voikov, chairman of the regional Cheka Fedor Lukoyanov, member of the Council, commandant of the “House” special purpose"(Ipatiev's house) by Yakov Yurovsky and a number of others.

The plan to kill the Romanovs was developed by: Yurovsky, his assistant Grigory Nikulin, security officer Mikhail Medvedev (Kudrin), and a member of the executive committee of the Ural Council, head of the Red Guard detachment of the Verkh-Isetsky plant, Pyotr Ermakov.

These same people became the main ones actors directly in the execution of the Romanovs. It is not easy to reconstruct which of them shot whom. But one gets the impression that the old revolutionary militant Pyotr Ermakov was especially zealous, firing from three revolvers and finishing off the wounded with a bayonet. Again, according to the generally accepted version, Yurovsky shot the sovereign-emperor.

Bullets for organizers

In general, it must be said that representatives of all revolutionary parties in the Middle Urals, not only Bolsheviks, but Socialist Revolutionaries and anarchists. Only one spoke out against it - Pavel Bykov, who insisted on handing over Nikolai Romanov to the people's tribunal. It is curious that at the same time, Bykov had almost more blood on his hands than other revolutionaries who decided the fate of the Tsar. In October 1917, Bykov organized a shelling Winter Palace from Peter and Paul Fortress and participated in its assault, led the operation to suppress the uprising of the cadets of the Vladimir School. However, his protest against the regicide may have become an indulgence for all sins. Pavel Bykov lived a long and contented life successful life. Wrote several books, including " Last days The Romanovs,” which tells the story of the murder of the royal family, headed the Leningrad film factory Sovkino, known as Lenfilm, for 11 years.

The fates of those who advocated for the liquidation of the Romanovs, on the contrary, were tragic. It is symbolic that most of them also died from a bullet.

A key role in making the decision to exterminate the royal family was played by the military commissar of Yekaterinburg, Philip (Shaya Isaakovich) Goloshchekin. It was he who discussed this issue in Petrograd with Sverdlov, and on the basis of his report, the decision was made to execute him. At first, Goloshchekin’s career was very successful; suffice it to say that for 7 years he was a member of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. But this did not save him from execution. He was shot as a “Trotskyist” on October 28, 1941 near the village of Barbysh in the Kuibyshev region.

Alexander Beloborodov presided over the fateful meeting of the Executive Committee, at which a decision was made to execute Nicholas II and his entire family. It looks like he got it. In 1921, he was appointed deputy people's commissar of internal affairs of Dzerzhinsky, and later became people's commissar himself. From 1923 to 1927, he headed the NKVD of the RSFSR. His connection with the Trotskyist opposition ruined him. Beloborodov was shot on February 9, 1938. Also in 1938, his wife, Franziska Jablonska, was shot.

The editor-in-chief of the Uralsky Rabochiy newspaper, Georgy Safarov, was far from last person in the Bolshevik Party. Suffice it to say that in 1917 he arrived in Russia from emigration together with Lenin in a sealed carriage. And in the Urals he spoke louder than others for the execution of the Romanovs. After the Civil War, Safarov worked as secretary of the Executive Committee of the Comintern, then was editor-in-chief of Leningradskaya Pravda. But his commitment to Zinoviev ruined him. For this, in 1936 he was sentenced to 5 years in the camps. One of those with whom he served time in a separate camp at Adzva said that Safarov’s family disappeared after his arrest, and he suffered severely. In the camp he worked as a water carrier. “Short stature, wearing glasses, dressed in prison rags, with a homemade whip in his hands, belted with a rope instead of a belt, silently endured grief.” But when Safarov served his sentence, he did not gain freedom. He was shot on July 16, 1942.

Pyotr Voikov also arrived in a sealed carriage from Germany to make a revolution in Russia. He not only took part in deciding the fate of members of the royal family. But he was also actively involved in the destruction of their remains. In 1924, he was appointed plenipotentiary representative of the USSR in Poland. And I found my bullet in a foreign land. On June 7, 1927, Boris Koverda, a student at the Vilna gymnasium, shot Voikov at the Warsaw station. This former Russian boy was also from the breed of revolutionary idealistic terrorists. Only he set his goal not against the autocracy, but against Bolshevism.

Fyodor Lukoyanov got off relatively easily - in 1919 he fell seriously ill nervous disorder, which haunted him all his life until his death in 1947.

The fates of the performers

Fate treated the perpetrators of the crime more leniently, probably considering that they had less guilt - they carried out the order. Only a few people who were in minor roles ended their days tragically, from which we can conclude that they suffered for their other sins. For example, Ermakov’s assistant, the former Kronstadt sailor Stepan Vaganov, did not have time to leave Yekaterinburg before the Kolchakites arrived and hid in his cellar. There he was discovered by relatives of the people he had killed and literally torn to pieces.

Ermakov, Medvedev (Kudrin), Nikulin and Yurovsky lived in high esteem to old age, speaking at meetings with stories about their “feat” of regicide.

However higher powers sometimes they act in very sophisticated ways. In any case, it looks like a real curse has befallen the family of Yakov Yurovsky.

During his lifetime, for Yakov, an ideological Bolshevik, the repression to which the family of his daughter Rimma was subjected became a big blow. The daughter was also a Bolshevik, since 1917 she headed the " Socialist Union Working Youth" in the Urals, and then made good career along party lines. But in 1938 she was arrested along with her husband and sent for re-education to camps, where she spent about 20 years. In fact, the arrest of his daughter drove Yurovsky to the grave - his stomach ulcer worsened from his experiences. And he never saw the arrest of his son Alexander, who at that time was a rear admiral, in 1952. How he missed the curse falling on his grandchildren.

By fateful coincidence circumstances, all of Yurovsky’s grandchildren died tragically, and the girls mostly died in infancy. One of the grandchildren named Anatoly was found dead in a car in the middle of the road, two grandchildren fell from the roof of a barn, got stuck between the boards and suffocated, two more were burned in a fire in the village. Maria's niece had 11 children, but only the eldest survived, whom she abandoned and was adopted by the family of the mine manager.

Investigators will consider the version of the ritual murder of the royal family

Investigators intend to find out whether the execution of the royal family was a ritual murder. For this purpose, a psychological and historical examination will be assigned. About this November 27, 2017 reports RIA Novosti with reference to the senior investigator for special important matters Investigative Committee Marina Molodtsova.

According to her, on at the moment is being formed for research expert advice, which will include researchers from the Academy of Sciences, Moscow and St. Petersburg universities, historians, archivists and priests of the Russian Orthodox Church. Its implementation will be possible after the results of the currently ongoing historical and archival examination become known.

Last Russian Emperor Nicholas II, his wife, children and servants were shot in the summer of 1918 in Yekaterinburg. In 2000, Russian Orthodox Church(ROC) canonized members of the royal family as saints. Their remains were buried in the tomb of the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg. In the fall of 2015, investigators resumed the investigation into the death of the Romanovs.

According to one of the conspiracy theories, the main participant in the execution of the royal family, Yakov Yurovsky, planned it as ritual murder. Presumably, in this way, on the one hand, he wanted to destroy Orthodox Russia, on the other hand, to change the course of world history. According to the second version, the Romanovs were killed as part of some “Kabbalistic” ritual.

According to the third assumption, Bolshevik Jews were involved in the death of the tsar, in particular Yakov Sverdlov, who wanted to conquer christian world. To do this, they allegedly had to cut off and preserve the head of Nicholas II and his family. This theory was not confirmed, as the headless remains of the king and his family were discovered.

“Stirlitz knew that only the last phrase from a conversation is remembered.”

1. LEGEND

Very simple: under the tsar life was good, tasty and satisfying, and under the Bolsheviks it was bad, hungry and cold.

2. HOW WAS IT REALLY THING?

It is stupid to pretend that there was no prostitution, no alcoholism, no suicide in Russia. And all the crimes in it were committed only by Jews and gypsies, and in addition to the activities listed above, the population in it was engaged only in walking on May evenings along the banks of milk rivers.

Stubborn people like to say that Tsarist Russia everything was there, and there was a lot of everything. They say this on the basis that, they say, the percentage has increased a lot. For example, a couple of years before the record year of 1913, almost 300% of coal increased (coal - main source energy of that time, almost like oil now). Only in 1913, 36 million tons of coal began to be mined, and in the British Empire - 292 million tons.

They also like to say that there were a lot of railways. In Russia in 1917 there were 70,260 kilometers railways, but in the USA already in 1890 there were 263,227 kilometers.

In short, this is a setup no matter what. It’s just that when there is very little of something, and they finally start doing it, the increase in % comes out big. There were two steam boilers, two more were built in a year, and the growth was 100% (be proud!), but in some England, if there were a thousand and they made a hundred in a year, the growth in % will not inspire pride.

If England in 1911 consumed 24 pounds of BREAD per capita, Germany - 27 pounds, and the USA as much as 62 pounds, then Russian consumption was only 21.6 pounds (INCLUDING THAT GOING TO FEED LIVESTOCK). It is necessary to take into account that bread occupied a place in the Russian diet that it did not occupy anywhere else in other countries. In rich countries of the world, such as the USA, England, Germany and France, bread was replaced by meat and dairy products and fish, both fresh and canned.

Our country was huge and rich, more people lived in it than in any country except China and British Empire. And this country was agrarian and backward.

“It’s scary to say what hardships a recruit sometimes endures before serving. About 40 percent of recruits ate meat almost for the first time upon entering the army. military service. During the service, a soldier eats, in addition to good bread, excellent meat soup and porridge, that is, something that many people in the village no longer have a clue about...”

“A population living from hand to mouth, and often simply starving, cannot produce strong children, especially if we add to this the unfavorable conditions in which, in addition to lack of nutrition, a woman finds herself during pregnancy and afterwards.”

//Sokolov D.A., Grebenshchikov V.I. Mortality in Russia and the fight against it. St. Petersburg, 1901.

“We send wheat, good, clean rye abroad, to the Germans, who will not eat any rubbish. We burn the best, clean rye for wine, and the worst rye, with fluff, fire, seaweed and all the waste we get when cleaning rye for distilleries - this is what the peasant eats. But not only does the peasant eat the worst bread, he is also malnourished.”

//Engelgardt A.N. From the village. 12 letters. 1872–1887.

By the way, the USSR sold fodder to Germany. I hope you know what forage is.

Now let’s try to briefly assess the bright prospects Russian Empire(hereinafter referred to as RI).

In 1913, the entire state budget was 3.4 billion rubles. This is less than 19 rubles per capita per year. And this is FOR EVERYTHING!!! Almost a third of the budget went to military spending. This is relatively double what the USSR had at the height of the Cold War. Loans were provided for the construction of railways French banks under the condition that they would be built under the control of French staff officers. So that we could at least mobilize.

And in 1917, the debt of the Republic of Ingushetia was: total - 48 billion, and in its composition external - 7.2 billion (this despite the fact that the state budget was 3.4 billion rubles.).

Now it remains to note that even before the revolution, most enterprises were either owned by the state or by foreign capital. What most industry orders even in peacetime- orders from the military department. That the country had an extremely sparse network of railways and that from the mid-19th century the construction of paved highways practically ceased.

So, what were the prospects for RI? About the same as those of the Qing Empire before the Opium Wars. But then the damned Bolsheviks intervened... Or rather, first there was a war.

3. BEARERS OF THE LEGEND

Do you think that his descendants will be able to Soviet Russia convey the idea of ​​how good it was under the Tsar as a participant in the Russo-Japanese or First World War. In principle, it could, but it’s unlikely, because...

In general, in 1913, life expectancy in various countries was: Great Britain - 52 years, Japan - 51, France - 50, USA - 50, Germany - 49, Italy - 47, China - 30, India - 23 years. In Russia - 30.5 years.

Under the “damned” Bolsheviks, life expectancy, however, began to increase:

From 32 years old in 1917, to 47 years old in 1939, and 71 years old in 1985. (and then the fall).

Thus, the most vivid and clear, and most importantly, massive reviews of what it was like under the tsar could be given by those who were born in the last 10-15 years of tsarism, i.e. at the turn of the century.

Not clear? I explain:

Hard workers from the peasantry, who had starved more than once, and knew what a pound was worth in 1890. – in 1920 there was little.

There are many young people who saw the last years of tsarism and the first years of Soviet power. And it was they who gave birth to the legend that everything was good under the tsar.

The most interesting thing is that they are right in their own way: things were really good under the Tsar. But not for long.

4. "Stirlitz Rule"

Just the facts:

1st. 1911-1913 were relatively prosperous for the empire.

2-e. Russia was an export-oriented and agricultural country. The slogan of the famous Tsarist Minister of Finance I.A. Vyshnegradsky: “We don’t have enough to eat, but we’ll sell it” was carried out purposefully. There was starvation in the country, but they sold bread.

3-e. 90% of Russian exports went through the Black Sea. And after the German breakthrough into the Black Sea battlecruisers“Goebena” and “Breslau” and Turkey’s entry into the won – exports were ruined.

4th. What will happen to prices for fuel and lubricants in Russia if oil exports are cut off? Prices will be very low for a couple of years. But until the wells are mothballed or oil production is reduced to an economically viable level.

What happened to food prices in an ever-starving country when the export of this food from the country stopped? Bread in 1914 - 1916 there were many in the country.

Thus, in 1914 all exports were closed, and surplus goods in warehouses went to the domestic market. For the economy, this is death extended over time, but for the population, in the short term, it is not bad.

5th. A lot of the able-bodied population was called up to the front, and consequently the cost of hired labor rose. And a special time has come for highly qualified hard workers, because... there were very, very few of them, and therefore, they were not threatened by conscription, but good earnings at the factory were threatened.

6th. A bunch of “nice things” that had previously been purchased in Germany now had to be made ourselves, and this made a huge difference, for example, to the Izhevsk “proletarians”.

But such a scam could not last long - and already in 1916. (even under the king) everything started to get worse and worse.

February revolution 1917 began with shortages of bread, and the surplus appropriation system was introduced under the tsar.

And then - the end of tsarism, 2 revolutions, 5 years civil war, and hard work to combat devastation, reduce the country's backlog - in short, the work is hard, and life is modest, but by 1939. average duration life in the country was 39 years, compared to 32 in 1917. and 27 years old 1898

However, the line in the minds of many young people of that time was between 6 in recent years the reign of the king, and for the first 6 years, when he was gone, she remained.

Residential complex "Tsarskaya Square" is a combination of a comfortable living environment, the heritage of the history of the city of Moscow, non-trivial architecture and the most modern technologies. This business-class house will be the place where you will want to return again and again.

Location of the residential complex

The residential complex “Tsarskaya Square” is located at the address: Leningradsky Prospekt, building 31. The location of the complex is convenient from the point of view of both infrastructure and road construction.

You can get there by public transport, and by personal car. In the first case, a resident only needs to go to Belorussky railway station or to the Moscow metro station "Dynamo". Next to the house lies Leningradsky Prospekt, from where you can go towards the center via Tverskaya-Yamskaya Street or through the Third Transport Ring, as well as to the suburbs via Volokolamsk highway. In addition to these directions, the presented roads allow you to get to any point in the city and suburbs.

Infrastructure of the Tsarskaya Square residential complex

The interior arrangement of the complex is thought out to the smallest detail - there are confectionery shops, a grocery store, a fitness center, and a restaurant. Within walking distance from the residential complex there are numerous schools and lyceums, a large shopping mall"Aviapark", clinics.

The peculiarity of the Tsarskaya Square residential complex is the designed green area, which will be equipped for pedestrians with cozy boulevards, large lawns, intricate architectural complexes, fountains, and in winter time residents will be able to use the skating rink. The ecology of the area where the residential complex is located is also high level in comparison with other microdistricts of the city, even despite the proximity to major highways and constant car traffic. The proximity to the Petrovsky Park complex makes living in the residential complex even more comfortable and useful.

Architecture and apartment options

The historical location of the complex prompted the developer to come up with a bright concept, linking the names of the buildings to the history of Russia - Ekaterininsky, Alexandrovsky, Romanovsky and Petrovsky.

Speech has developed an interesting architectural solution. The base of the new residential complex will be which was built in the 80s of the 19th century in honor of the All-Russian Exhibition of Industry and Art, where the greatest achievements Russian Empire of that time. In honor of the arrival of the royal family, a special pavilion was built, which has survived to this day. It is he who will become the inspiration for architects in the design of both pompous interior and elegant appearance LCD.

The construction of four buildings of the Tsarskaya Square residential complex in Moscow is taking place in two stages of delivery: one in 2017, and the other in 2018. Estimated date full delivery LCD - 2019. Therefore, you can purchase a new home at any time. You can buy an apartment now in the Aleksandrovsky and Ekaterininsky buildings for every taste: there are apartments and apartments, from studios to 4-room residential areas. Can be found best solution both for living alone and for housing the whole family - the areas of the apartments vary from 30 to 107 square meters depending on their type. The starting price is 6 million, and the highest is about thirty million rubles for the largest living space with fairly good finishing in spacious rooms.



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