Dangaus kūnas statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: engl. celestial body vok. Himmelskörper, m rus. celestial body, n pranc. corps céleste, m … Fizikos terminų žodynas
celestial body- ▲ material body (to be) in, space celestial bodies body in space. comet. | globules. Perseids. | accretion. ♠ Universe ▼ star… Ideographic Dictionary of the Russian Language
A celestial body that glows with its own light and appears to earthly observers as a bright point. Earths are scattered throughout the universe over enormous distances, so that we do not notice their own movement. On a clear moonless night, the entire visible sky... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Epimetheus, south pole (Cassini image, December 3, 2007) Epimetheus (Greek Επιμηθεύς) is an inner satellite of the satellite system of Saturn also known as Saturn XI. Named after the Greek mythology character Epimetheus. In December 1966... ... Wikipedia
Body: In mathematics: Body (algebra) is a set with two operations (addition and multiplication) that has certain properties. Body (geometry) is a part of space limited by a closed surface. Body of the complex Body (physics) ... ... Wikipedia
Noun, s., used. max. often Morphology: (no) what? bodies, what? body, (see) what? body, what? body, about what? about the body; pl. What? bodies, (no) what? tel, what? bodies, (see) what? bodies, what? bodies, about what? about bodies 1. A body is called matter, substance,... ... Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary
body- BODY1, a, plural bodies, bodies, bodies, cf The human or animal body in its external physical forms and manifestations. And he creaked his chair and straightened his two-meter body with feigned languor (Yu. Bond.). Boye [the dog] seemed to have his back broken... ... Explanatory dictionary of Russian nouns
Celestial space and celestial bodies- Nouns MOON/, month/month, half-month/month. A celestial body that is the natural closest satellite of the Earth, glowing at night with the reflected light of the Sun, yellow, less often reddish or white. NOT/BO, heaven/, book. sky/d,… … Dictionary of Russian synonyms
Not to be confused with Meteorite. A meteoroid is a celestial body intermediate in size between interplanetary dust and an asteroid. According to the official definition of the IAU, a meteoroid is a solid object moving in interplanetary space, the size of ... ... Wikipedia
Books
- The seventh day, V. Zemlyanin. It seems that the Moon has always been a satellite of the Earth. However, this is far from the case. It turns out that this celestial body is a spaceship, which was used to escape from a universal cataclysm...
- Secrets of Planet Earth, Yu. V. Mizun, Yu. G. Mizun. The life of humanity depends on the conditions on our planet. But we have little idea of how these conditions are changing, how they may change in the future, and how we will then have to live. And only when...
Celestial bodies have always attracted a person’s gaze with their alluring unknown, carried them higher and higher... If you are not indifferent to the mysterious beauty of the night starry sky, then for you a short description of the different types of celestial bodies.
To observe celestial objects, you will probably need a telescope, because there are very few bright celestial bodies in the sky that can be observed with the naked eye - only a small part of the stars and planets can be seen. Therefore, you can either purchase a ready-made device.
Stars
The stars can be easily observed on any cloudless night - they decorate the dark velvet of the sky like a scattering of precious stones. However, if you look at the stars with even the weakest telescope, you can see tens of thousands of stars.
A star is a celestial body in which thermonuclear reactions occur, converting hydrogen into helium, releasing enormous amounts of heat and light. Thanks to the light released, stars are visible from many millions of kilometers away.
Depending on surface temperature, luminosity, mass, chemical composition, and spectral type, stars are divided into classes and groups.
The closest star to Earth is, of course, the Sun. The Sun belongs to the class of yellow dwarfs and is the only star in the Solar System. Other stars closest to Earth include Proxima Centauri, Alpha Centauri, Sirius and others.
With the naked eye, up to 6,000 stars can be observed in the clear, clear night sky: 3,000 in each hemisphere.
Planets
A planet is a round celestial body that rotates in orbit around a star or its remnants. In the Solar System, according to the latest classifications, there are 8 planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Pluto, considered the ninth planet in the solar system until 2006, is now classified as a dwarf planet.
Planets are divided into large (gas giants) and small (Earth-like). The four first planets from the Sun are small, the remaining four are large. The largest planet in the solar system is Jupiter.
These celestial bodies can be observed both through a telescope and with the naked eye. Thus, the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn are clearly visible. With an amateur telescope, you can observe light and dark stripes on Jupiter and its Great Red Spot. Saturn has rings and satellites, and Mars and Venus have phases like the Moon.
Comets
Comets are quite rare celestial bodies. The orbit of comets around the Sun is much longer than the orbits of the planets in the Solar System. Comets consist of a solid icy core surrounded by a shell of gases - as the comet approaches the Sun, the temperature of the gases increases and the shell becomes like a beautiful bright tail.
In total, about a thousand comets are known to humanity. Halley's Comet is the most famous of all comets; it can be observed close enough to Earth only once every 100 years.
It is best to observe these celestial bodies through a telescope - only very rare specimens are visible to the naked eye.
There are a huge number of celestial bodies in the sky, and they are in constant motion. Therefore, to observe various celestial bodies you will need not only a telescope and a clear cloudless sky, but also a star map. Without this map, searching for the desired celestial body will be more difficult.
The house in which we live is our solar system. It is not yet known whether we are alone in the Universe. Celestial bodies are scattered throughout the Cosmos, and life may well exist in its other manifestations not only on Earth. Solar heat gives birth to life on our planet, since the Sun is our only star.
Celestial bodies of our system
The sun is the center of our system. The movement of celestial bodies is carried out around the Sun in separate orbits. They don't leak on planets. The sun, thanks to its reactions, heats the planets that revolve around it. All planets are large and have a spherical shape, which they acquired as a result of evolution.
Previously, astrologers assumed that there were only seven planets in the solar system. These are the Sun, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.
A long time ago, before the discovery of the solar system, people believed that the Earth was the center of everything and all cosmic celestial bodies, including the Sun, moved around it. Such a system was called geocentric.
In the 16th century, Nicolaus Copernicus proposed a new system for constructing the World, called heliocentric. Copernicus stated that the Sun, not the Earth, is at the center of the World. The change of day and night occurs due to the rotation of our planet around its own axis.
Other solar systems
The invention of the telescope allowed people to see for the first time that comets were moving across the sky, approaching the Earth, and then leaving it. Almost 20 centuries later, scientists have determined that cosmic celestial bodies are capable of rotating not only in orbit around the Earth or the Sun. This conclusion followed when the existence of
Are there other planetary systems around other stars? This is not yet known with absolute certainty, but there is no doubt about their existence.
In 1781, the discovery of the large and distant planet Uranus followed, i.e. There were not seven planets, and the system of cosmic hierarchy was revised.
For a long time, it was believed that the disintegration or formation of some planet between Mars and Jupiter gave birth to all asteroids. Today, scientists have identified more than 15,000 asteroids.
In recent years, celestial bodies have been discovered that are difficult to attribute to any particular class, comets or planets. These objects have very elongated orbits, but there are no signs of tail or comet activity.
Two types of planets
The planets of our system are classified into giants and terrestrials. The difference between the terrestrial planets is their high average density and solid surface. Mercury, compared to other planets, has a higher density due to its iron core, which makes up 60% of the mass of the entire planet. Venus is similar to Earth in mass and density.
The Earth differs from other planets in the rather complex structure of its mantle, the depth of which is 2900 km. Beneath it is a core, presumably metal. Mars has a relatively low density, and the mass of its core is no more than 20%.
Celestial bodies belonging to the group of giant planets have low density and a complex atmospheric chemical composition. These planets are made of gas and their chemical composition is close to that of the sun (hydrogen and helium).
Planets- these are large celestial bodies.All terrestrial planets They are relatively small in size, have significant density, and consist mainly of solids.
Giant planets They are large in size, low in density and consist mainly of gases. The mass of the giant planets makes up 98% of the total mass of the planets in the Solar System.
Relative to the Sun, the planets are arranged in the following order: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto.
These planets are named after Roman gods: Mercury - god of trade; Venus - goddess of love and beauty; Mars is the god of war; Jupiter is the thunder god; Saturn - god of earth and fertility; Uranus - god of the sky; Neptune - god of the sea and shipping; Pluto is the god of the underworld of the dead.
On Mercury, the temperature rises to 420 °C during the day and drops to -180 °C at night. Venus is hot both day and night (up to 500 °C); its atmosphere consists almost entirely of carbon dioxide. The Earth is located at such a distance from the Sun that most of the water is in a liquid state, which made it possible for life to arise on our planet. The Earth's atmosphere contains oxygen.
On Mars, the temperature regime is similar to that on Earth, but the atmosphere is dominated by carbon dioxide. At low temperatures in winter, carbon dioxide turns into dry ice.
Jupiter is 13 times larger and 318 times heavier than Earth. Its atmosphere is thick, opaque and appears as stripes of different colors. Beneath the atmosphere there is an ocean of liquefied gases.
Stars- hot celestial bodies emitting light. They are so distant from the Earth that we see them as bright spots. With the naked eye you can see about 3000 visions in the starry sky, with the help of a spyglass - ten times more.
Constellations- groups of nearby stars. Ancient astronomers mentally connected the stars with lines and obtained certain figures. In the sky of the Northern Hemisphere, the ancient Greeks identified 12 zodiacal constellations: Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces, Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio and Sagittarius. Ancient people believed that each earthly month was connected in a certain way with one of the constellations.
Comets- celestial bodies with luminous tails that change their position in the sky and direction of movement over time.
The comet's body consists of a solid core, frozen gases and solid dust, ranging in size from one to ten kilometers. As the comet approaches the Sun, its gases begin to evaporate. This is how comets grow a luminous gas tail. The most famous is Halley's comet (it was discovered in the 17th century by the English astronomer Halley), which appears near the Earth at an approximate interval of 76 years. The last time it approached Earth was in 1986.
Meteora- these are the solid remains of cosmic bodies that fall at tremendous speed through the Earth's atmosphere. At the same time, they burn, leaving a bright light.
Fireballs- bright giant meteors weighing from 100 g to several tons. Their fast flight is accompanied by loud noise, sparks, and a burning smell.
Meteorites- charred stone or iron bodies that fell to Earth from interplanetary space without collapsing in the atmosphere.
Asteroids- these are “baby” planets from 0.7 to 1 km in diameter.
