The ending of adjectives to the question is what. “Unstressed case endings of adjectives

I. 1. The most convenient way to check case endings of adjectives is by asking which question? in the required case, since the endings of the adjectives and the question coincide. The exception is the nominative (and similar accusative) case of the masculine singular.
In the nominative case of the singular in the masculine gender it is written -ой (with emphasis on the ending), -й
or -й (with emphasis on the base); in the feminine gender aya
or -yaya; in the neuter gender oe or -ee, for example: bright blue (green) color; bright blue paint; bright blue dress. In the plural of all three genders it is written -е or -е, for example: bright blue (colors, paints, dresses).
In the instrumental case of the singular number of masculine and neuter adjectives the ending -ym or -im is written (answers the question of which?), and in the prepositional case -om or -em (answers the question of which?), for example: we made our way through the gloomy, dense (what ?) forest; they talked about a gloomy, dense (what?) forest.
In the accusative case of the singular feminine adjectives, the ending -yu or -yu is written
(answers which question?), and in the instrumental oh or
-ey (-oh or -ey) (answers the question which? which?), for example: I see a beautiful morning (what?) dawn; I admire the beautiful (oh) morning (what?) dawn.
In possessive adjectives in -й, -я, -е (hunting, hunting, hunting) ь is written in all forms except the nominative (and similar accusative) case of the singular masculine (hunting), for example: hunting dog, hunting rifle , hunting adventures, etc.
In the short form of masculine singular adjectives, the following sibilants are not written: burning, brilliant.
236. Write it off. For adjectives, put in brackets the question they answer. Underline the endings.
Sample. In the blue (what?) sky the stars shine.
I. 1) A summer day is like a winter week. 2) Good, the case has lived for two centuries. 3) Yesterday... you can’t turn back the day. 4) In agreement, the wolf is not afraid of the herd. 5) Thin, you can’t catch fish with a net.
6) Bottomless... you can’t fill a barrel with water. 7) On the sharp side, I mow a lot. 8) On a summer night the dawn meets the dawn. 9) You can’t hide in thorny bushes.
(Proverbs)
II. 1) The fog was driven away by the morning breeze. (Ch.) 2) Tall grasses grow here and there through last year’s foliage. (T.) 3) The company of hunters spent the night in fresh hay. (Ch.)
It smelled of rain and fresh hay. (Ch.) 5) The chaise squealed at the slightest... movement. (Ch.) 6) Late.. at night, over the tired village, uninterrupted sleep.. reigns, only the hundred-year-old old woman.., ancient.. he did not visit - he does not sleep. (N.) 7) A roar from the morning wind stretched across the tops of the forest. (Cor.) 8) With enormous... force, Nagulnov pushed the door with his left... shoulders. (School.) 9) Davydov sat at the table for a long time, gloomily... thinking... (Shol.)
Write it down, matching the adjectives in brackets with the nouns they refer to.
1) The Dnieper turned silver like (wolf) fur in the middle of the night. (G.) 2) We saw amazing things at the (bird) market. (Are.) 3) The Sitsa River is considered a (good, hunting) place. (Are.) 4) He [Sobakevich] threw half the (lamb) side onto his plate, ate it all, gnawed it, sucked it down to the (last) bone. The (lamb) side was followed by cheesecakes. (G.)
To complete the similarity, his tailcoat was completely (bear) in color. (G.) 6) The next day, at 8 o’clock in the morning, Anna got out of the (cab) carriage and rang the bell at the large entrance of her (former) house. (JI. T.) 7) The trapper inspects the (wolf and fox) trails in advance. (Ax.) 8) The (Wolf) gear sang howling. (Paust.) 9) Already behind the mountain (dense) the evening ray has gone out, barely a stream of (explosive) hot spring sparkles. (JI.) 10) The mustachioed (landowner) huntsman, waving across the ditch on his (agile) horse, takes the road away from the dogs. (N.)
Copy, replacing full forms of adjectives with short ones. When (before or after replacement) is the statement expressed more categorically?
1) Hot frost. - The frost is hot. 2) The wind is sharp and fresh. 3) The borscht is hot. 4) Chintz is quite shedding. 5) The motive of the song is sluggish and drawn-out. 6) The answer is witty and brilliant.

Goal: To develop the skill of spelling case endings of adjectives in the singular and plural.

Improve knowledge about adjectives as parts of speech;

Determine the lexical meaning of adjectives, their changes by gender, number and case;

Indicate the dependence of the adjective in a sentence on the noun.

Once again, let’s summarize the results and draw a conclusion.

Conclusion: Multiple-valued adjectives have different antonyms in different meanings.

5. Work in groups of 4.

Determine the case and insert the endings in the cards offered to you.

Questions: How to determine the case of an adjective?

How to check the unstressed ending of an adjective?

6. Morphological analysis of the adjective.

Let's write down: “Spring is the morning of the year. Everything in nature is waiting for full bloom. Man is also waiting for the arrival of spring.”

Write the adjective “clear” in the initial form. (clear)

Write down two antonyms (cloudy, stormy)

Write down two synonyms (sunny fine)

Conclusion: Adjectives m. and cf. r. In R. p. they have the endings -ogo, - him, which need to be remembered!!!

7. Working with text.

“What a nice spring morning in the forest! Because of the blue... stripes of the distant... forest, the sun... turned out red. In the rays of the morning sun, the tops of the mighty pine trees, which grow near the river, blaze. I look at the wide... field across the river, I see slender... spruce trees with fluffy branches in the forest, I inhale the aroma... of the light... spring... air and listen to the joy... n... birdsong.

Read it. Determine the type of text. What time of year do you think we are talking about? Why? What pictures can you imagine? How can you title the text? Thanks to what parts of speech does the picture become more picturesque, more imaginative, more colorful? Read these adjectives.

Determine which sentences are used in the text based on the purpose of the statement? What about the presence of secondary members?

PHYSMINUTE.

8. Vocabulary work.

9. Writing from memory.

The forest froze in a transparent haze,

The ice on the trees is melting.

Drops fall from the branches,

And you can hear the trill of tits.

What month are we talking about?

What is a "trill"?

How do you understand the phrase “the forest froze”?

What changes in the life of trees occur in the spring? Choose a word that describes this change and give it a definition.

Highlight words that have more letters than sounds.

Spring, spring!

The drops are ringing

It's like he's saying something

And she says one thing,

That she is not given to live long!

(O. Kirbitova)

These lines were composed by a student from our school, and let us imagine for a moment that all those present are poets and try to complete the lines of the poem.

It’s ringing in the yard……..(drops)

The sun warms the whole……(day)

From the heat I hide in ...... (shade)

10. Let’s take the blank pieces of paper that were lying on our table and draw up a map of our achievements, at the same time we will divide the sheet in half and write in the resulting columns: in the left columns “I knew”, in the right “I learned”.

Set yourself a task in class and turn in the work.

More on the topic SPELLING ADJECTIVE ENDINGS:

1. § 94. Spelling of case endings of adjectives and participles
2. § 7. SPELLING OF SUFFIXES AND ENDINGS OF ADJECTIVES AND PARTICIPLES. SYNTACTIC FUNCTIONS OF ADJECTIVES AND PARTICIPLES
3. SPELLING OF ENDINGS AND SUFFIXES OF ADJECTIVES
4. 14. Nominal and part forms of adjectives. Declension of member adjectives in the Early Old Russian language; Features of the ancient Novgorod declension system. Church Slavonic endings of member adjectives

Spelling case endings of adjectives can be checked posing the question Which?, since the endings of the question word and the endings of adjectives coincide. The exception is the masculine nominative singular, where under stress the ending is written -Ouch(young Ouch man, field Ouch flower), and no accent is written th or -th(old th warrior, sin th handkerchief).

In the feminine gender in the nominative singular case it is written -th or -yaya: new oh syn yaya sweater (which jacket?), and in the neuter gender it is written -oh or -her: new oh syn her coat (which coat?).

In the plural of all three genders the ending is written -s or -ies: new s syn no scarves, dresses, sweaters (which?).

In the masculine and neuter gender, the ending is written in the instrumental case of the singular -th or -them(answers the question what?), and in the prepositional - -ohm or -eat(answers the question which one?): admired the new th syn them suit (dress), talked about new ohm syn I eat suit (dress).

In the feminine gender in the accusative case the singular ending is written -yy or -yuyu(answers the question which one?), and in the instrumental - -Ouch or -to her (-oh or -her) (answers the question Which? which one?): bought new wow syn yuyu jacket, admire the new Ouch (-oh) sin to her (-her) jacket.

After the sizzling at the end of adjectives under stress is written oh no accent is written e, For example: stranger O wow, great O wow, stranger O mu, big O mu; redhead e oh, more e go, red e mu, more I eat at(compare with nouns).

After sibilants in adjectives under stress the suffix is ​​written -ov-(penny ov oh, hedgehog ov oh, brocade ov oh, canvas ov y), and no accent- suffix -ev-(plush ev oh, klu h ev water).

Note. Something to remember writing a word desh ёв th(cf. cheaper).

In short adjectives under stress after sibilants is written O: the food is hot O (O ending), funny O n (O fluent in suffix).

In adjectives on -th, -ya, -e(fox, fox, fox) in all forms, except nominative and accusative cases of singular masculine gender (fox), before graduation is written b: fox b him, fox b him, fox b And etc.

Diminutive adjectives are formed using a suffix -enk-: syn yenk oh, fat yenk th; after g, k, x possible and -onk-, And -enk-: lay down onk th And lay down yenk yay, wide onk th And wide yenk oh, quiet onk th And quiet yenk th.

In the suffix -an-, -yan- forming adjectives from nouns, one is written n: leather en oh, sand en oh, silver yang oh, except for three words: tree Jann oh, tin Jann y, glass Jann th.

In adjectives formed using a suffix -n- from nouns with a stem on n, spelled two n: kame nn oh, with nn oh, long nn th.

Note. From such adjectives must be distinguished adjectives with one n: yu n oh, sir n Ouch etc. (they don't have suffix -n-).

In the suffix -in- forming adjectives from nouns with the meaning of belonging or property, one is written n: goose in oh, sparrow in oh, donkey in th.

Note. One n is written in a noun GOST in oh, which used to be an adjective: living room.

In the suffix -onn- forming adjectives from foreign words, spelled two n: division onn oh, revolution onn oh, constitution onn th.

In the suffix -enn- forming adjectives from nouns, two are written n: productions enne oh, celebrations enne oh, related enne oh, straw enne oh, cranberries enne th.

Note 1. Adjective wind en th written with one n. Adjectives with prefixes formed from the word wind , written with two n: without wind enne oh, for wind enne oh, under wind enne th etc. It is necessary to distinguish adjectives wind en th(with suffix -en-) And wind yang Ouch(with suffix -yan-). Suffix -en- written in adjectives meaning “with the wind”: wind en oh weather (weather with wind), wind en oh summer (summer with the wind), as well as used figuratively: wind en oh young woman, wind en oh behavior. These adjectives have a short form: the weather is windy, the girl is windy. Suffix -yan- used in adjectives meaning “driven by the wind”: wind yang oh mill, wind yang Ouch engine. These adjectives do not have a short form. With suffix -yan- the name of the disease is also written: wind yang smallpox(chickenpox).

Note 2. In the first stem of compound adjectives two are written n, if it is formed from an adjective with two n: wave nn o-tractor station(mashi station nn aya and tractor), wagon nn o-locomotive park(car park nn y and locomotive). But if the first stem is formed from a noun on n, then it says one thing n: wave n construction plant(machine construction plant), wagon n repair plant(wagon repair plant).

Note 3. Nouns on -Nick--nitsa And -ness, formed from adjectives with two n, are also written with two n: morning nn y-morning nn IR; society nn y-society nn IR society nn itza-society nn awn; revolutionio nn th-revolution nn awn; production nn y-production nn IR; this nn y-tse nn awn, and educated from adjectives with one n are also written with one n: hemp n y - hemp n ik, sand n y - sand n ik, yu n y - y n awn.

Note 4. With two n nouns formed using suffixes are also written -Nick – -nitsa from nouns with a stem on n: be friends n a - be friends nn ir-friend nn itza, mosh n a-moshe nn ik-moshe nn itza.

Full adjectives with two n, save them in a short form: this nn this thing is the thing nn A.

Before the suffix -sk- letter b written after l(village - village b sk ii) and in adjectives formed from the names of months on ny, ry: December b sk th, November b sk th, Jun b sk th, july b sk th(exception: word January sk th).

In other cases, after n And r before the suffix -sk- letter b not written: horse n sk hey, hero - rich r sk th.

To distinguish suffixes -To- And -sk-, we must remember what with the suffix -To- qualitative adjectives are formed, which have a short form(bottom To th - low, narrow To й - narrow), and with the suffix -sk-- relative adjectives, not having a short form(Frenchman sk yy, Kyrgyz sk oh, Circassian sk y).

Note. From nouns with a stem on k, h And ts relative adjectives are formed with a suffix -To- , and sounds To And h are replaced by sound ts: kaza To- kaza ts To oh, yeah h-tka ts To oh, no ts- mute ts To th. But in some, mainly bookish, formations sounds To And h do not change and the suffix is ​​used -sk-: Uzbek To-Uzbek To sk yay, Ugli h-coals h sk y, also Pfahl ts-pfal ts sk th.

Adjectives on -yny in short form ends with -en: calmly yny-calm en, it's clear yny-it's sunny en , except worthy yny- worthy in .

Note. Short form participles honored from the verb honor written according to the general rule: honored en .

Are being written capitalized adjectives, formed from proper names using suffixes -ov-, -ev-, -in-, -yn-(Gave ev dictionary, Ivan ov oh childhood, Liz in and the doll, Zhuchk in s puppies, etc.) except phraseological combinations used in a figurative sense, in which lost contact with my own name(Adam ov oh apple, based ov and illness, sissy f ov labor, prokr y hundred bed, etc.).

Are being written lowercase adjectives, formed from people's own names, if adjectives contain a suffix -sk- (T Urgenev sk"Notes of a Hunter" n Ushkin sk y style, l Ermontov sk prose, etc.).

Note. Capitalized adjectives are written with a suffix -sk-, If they are part of names that have meanings "name, memory", For example: L Omonosov sk no reading, L enin sk oh bonus.

Thanks to this amazing part of speech, the language gains expressiveness and brightness; without it, our speech would not be so colorful and rich. defines an object by its characteristics and affiliation. They ask him questions: “Which one?” which? which? which ones?”, and it also answers the questions “whose?” whose? whose? whose?"

The secret is depending

In a sentence, an adjective is usually associated with nouns and pronouns. This part of speech is always dependent on them. This connection will tell us how to determine the case. Cases in Russian: nominative, followed by genitive, then dative, followed by accusative, then instrumental, and then prepositional. It is easy to find out the endings of adjectives by case if you ask them a question from the part of speech on which they depend. Usually the ending that appears in the question is the same as that of the adjective.

Things to consider

Changing adjectives by case depends on the number and gender of this part of speech. And here you need to remember two things. Firstly, adjectives can be changed by gender only when they are in the singular. Secondly, they can be changed by numbers. Let's look at both theses with examples.

masculine, feminine and neuter

Let’s take the phrase “noun + singular adjective” and see how the ending of the adjective changes in different genders. The gender of an adjective always has the same gender as the noun to which it refers.

1. The endings of adjectives in the masculine gender: -oy, -y, -y. Here's an example: a person (what?) is businesslike, smart, sensitive.
2. Finish adj. in the feminine gender: -aya, -aya. For example, clothes (what?) are spacious and summer.
3. Finish adj. in the neuter gender: -oe, -ee. For example, a plant (what?) is tall and perennial.

Endings of adjectives in different numbers

Adjectives vary freely in numbers. In the singular, they denote a characteristic of one object or group of objects and answer the questions “which, which, which?” For example: a smart question, a wide road, a gentle sun, a cheerful team, a large crowd, a noisy crowd.

In names, adjectives denote many objects, answering the question “which?” For example: great hopes, little disappointments. As you can see, the number of an adjective depends on the number of the noun with which it is associated.

Spelling unstressed endings in adjectives

To determine this moment, you can follow a simple algorithm. First you need to ask a question from a noun to an adjective.

If the question is “which?”, you need to check whether the ending is stressed. If yes, then we write -oh, if not, then we write -y(s).

If a question from a noun sounds like “whose?”, then you should write -y at the end

If you can only ask questions from a noun to an adjective, then you should write the same ending that sounds in the question (taking into account the hard and soft declension). Let's consider the last statement in more detail.

Changing adjectives by case

Let us now get acquainted with the peculiarities of declension of adjectives by case. This information will help you figure out how to determine the case of an adjective in each specific case.

First group

These are singular adjectives that are feminine. They tend like this:

• Nominative case: plum (what kind?) - ripe, early. Finish adjectives: -aya, -aya.
• Genitive case: plum (which one?) - ripe, early. Finish adjectives: -oh, -ey.
• Dative case: plum (which one?) - ripe, early. Finish adjectives: -oh, -ey.
• Accusative case: plum (which one?) - ripe, early. Finish adjectives: -yu, -yu.
• Instrumental case: plum (what kind?) ripe, early. Finish adjectives: -oh, -ey.
• Prepositional case: about a plum (which one?) ripe, early. Finish adjectives: -oh, -ey.

Note that the endings of adjectives coincide in four cases: genitive, dative, instrumental, prepositional.

Second group

These are singular adjectives that are masculine. They tend like this:

• Nominative case: ball (what?) big, rubber, blue. Endings of adjectives: -ой, -й, -й.
• Genitive case: ball (what?) large, rubber, blue. Finish adjectives: -ogo, -him.
• Dative case: ball (what?) large, rubber, blue. Finish adjectives: -mu, -him.
• To determine the ending of an adjective in the accusative case, you must first find out whether it refers to an animate or inanimate noun. In our example, adjectives refer to an inanimate noun that answers the question “what?” Then the question for the adjective will sound like this: the ball (what?) is large, rubber, blue. The endings of adjectives for inanimate nouns: -ой, -й, -й. But if the noun is animate, in the accusative case the question “whom?” should be asked. Accordingly, the form of the adjective will change. For example, a father (what kind?) is strict and loving. The endings of adjectives with an animate noun: -ogo, -him.
• Instrumental case: with a (what kind of) ball, large, rubber, blue. Finish adjectives: -ym, -im.
• Prepositional case: about a ball (what?) big, rubber, blue. Finish adjectives: -om, -em.

Third group

These are singular adjectives in the neuter gender. They bow like this.

• Nominative case: morning (what?) sunny, summer. Adjective endings: -oe, -ee.
• Genitive case: morning (what?) sunny, summer. Finish adjectives: -ogo, -him.
• Dative case: morning (what?) sunny, summer. Finish adjectives: -mu, -him.
• Accusative case: morning (what?) sunny, summer. Finish adjectives: -oe, -ee.
• Instrumental case: in the morning (what?) sunny, summer. Finish adjectives: -ym, -im.
• Prepositional case: about (what?) sunny, summer morning. Finish adjectives: -om, -em.

We see here that in all three groups the answer to the question of how to determine the case of an adjective comes down to one thing - it is recognized by the case of the noun on which the adjective depends.

Fourth group

These are adjectives that are in the plural. Let's say the following about them:

• Nominative case: flowers (what?) yellow, autumn. Endings of adjectives: -е, -и.
• Genitive case: flowers (what?) yellow, autumn. Finish adjectives: -y, -them.
• Dative case: flowers (what?) yellow, autumn. Finish adjectives: -ym, -im.
• Accusative case: adjectives referring to inanimate nouns are declined according to the principle of the nominative case: flowers (what?) yellow, autumn. Endings: -е, -е. Adjectives related to animate nouns are declined according to the principle of the genitive case: relatives (what kind?) cheerful, close. Endings: -ы, -их.
• Instrumental case: flowers (what?) yellow, autumn. Finish adjectives: -y, -imi.
• Prepositional case: about (what kind of) yellow, autumn flowers. Finish adjectives: -y, -them.

Note that in this group the adjectives have similar endings in the genitive, accusative (if they refer to animate nouns), and prepositional cases.

Determining the case of an adjective: sequence of actions

1. Let's write the adjective on a piece of paper.
2. Let's highlight the ending in it.
3. Let's determine what gender and number the adjective is in.
4. Let us choose which of the four groups described above this word belongs to.
5. Let's determine the case of the adjective by ending.
6. If in doubt, let’s pay attention to the noun on which our word depends, ask a question about it and use it to determine the case of the adjective, since it has the same ending.

If it is difficult to figure out whether a noun (and its dependent adjective) is used in the nominative or accusative case, you should look at it. If a noun in a sentence acts as the subject, then it has a nominative case. The cases of adjectives will be the same. If the noun is a minor member of the sentence, then it is used in the accusative case. Therefore, adjectives will have the same case.

We looked at how to determine the case of an adjective and made sure that it is not at all difficult.