Phraseologisms(from Greek phrasis + logos - expression, figure of speech) - These are stable, reproducible expressive complexes that have a holistic meaning and perform a single syntactic function. They give speech special expressiveness, emphasizing the national specificity and originality of the language. Without them, a person’s speech is colorless and often does not convey what he feels. But mastering phraseology is a difficult process, and shortcomings are encountered here very often. The basis for the formation of a phraseological unit is semantic simplification, i.e., limiting the meaning of a word that has become a component of a phraseological unit, having its own, single phraseological meaning. For example, the word eye in the four-volume Dictionary of the Russian Language it has three meanings: 1) organ of vision, 2) ability to see; vision; vision, 3) evil eye - the mysterious magical power of a look that brings misfortune. Last meaning of the word eye is idiomatic. In the proverb Too many cooks spoil the broth component without an eye(singular only) is based on the figurative meaning “supervision”, which arose in oral speech on the basis of the second meaning. Expression cry your eyes out- cry a lot and for a long time - relies on the first meaning of the word eye. The phraseological unit is based on the same meaning face to face- alone with someone. A phraseological unit, acquiring a single meaning, receives its subject-conceptual orientation, due to which it can become a synonym for the word: face to face− alone, beat your head− sit back.
The meaning of a phraseological unit, based on the figurative phraseological meanings of its components, is often motivated differently in different languages. Thus, an adverbial phraseological unit of the Russian language face to face has correspondence: German. uner vier Augen (literally: between the four eyes), English, face to face (face to face), fr. tete a tete (head to head). Phraseological units do not allow literal (word-by-word) translation: they require searching for a phraseological equivalent of another language, since phraseological meaning is accompanied by emotional, semantic and stylistic expression; for example, phraseology give bream colloquial, and the expression pitch darkness− bookish.
The degree of semantic simplification of the components of a phraseological unit varies; The older the phraseological unit is and the less connected it is with words of general use, the less motivated the phraseological meaning is, the more its internal form is forgotten. The classification of phraseological units is based on the degree of semantic simplification. The most famous classification is V.V. Vinogradov.
1 . Phraseological adhesions: sharpen the lasses, like a drink, on your own mind - The main feature of fusion is its semantic indivisibility, the absolute non-derivability of the meanings of the whole from its components. It represents a semantic unit, homogeneous with a word, devoid of internal form. Phraseological adjuncts are also called idioms. Idioms (phraseological units) do not allow word-by-word (literal) understanding, since one of the components has fallen out of modern word usage; This is also facilitated by a change in shape: laces(instead of balusters− balustrade posts; Wed Italian balaustro − column, baluster), just a joke− vm. tell a joke.
2. Phraseological unities: soap your neck; wash dirty linen in public; shot sparrow; what the hell is not joking. Adjacent to phraseological units are sayings and proverbs, which have the form not of phrases, but of sentences: The master's work is afraid; Chickens are counted in the fall.
A feature of phraseological units is their semantic two-facedness: they can be understood literally(wash dirty linen in public) and figuratively - as one semantic unit, with its own phraseological meaning “to disclose something”.
3. Phraseological combinations− this type of stable combinations in which non-free phraseological meanings of words are realized, for example − look away(from someone): Me with an effort he averted his eyes from that beautiful face. However, when management changes, phraseological unity arises look away(to someone) − to deceive: The courtesy and dexterity that he flaunted in front of the buyer who came to his shop was nothing more than a means of “averting” the buyer’s eyes, “talking his teeth” and in the meantime foisting rotten, faded goods.(G. Uspensky).
Compound names and terms. Phraseologisms are expressive means of language; they are characteristic of oral and book speech, the language of fiction. Due to these properties, compound names differ from phraseological units: they do not have an emotional-figurative meaning. Compound names are nominative means of the language, its constituent lexemes.
Phraseology is a branch of the science of language that studies stable combinations of words. Phraseologism is a stable combination of words, or a stable expression. Used to name objects, signs, actions. It is an expression that arose once, became popular and became entrenched in people's speech. The expression is endowed with imagery and may have a figurative meaning. Over time, an expression can take on a broad meaning in everyday life, partially including the original meaning or completely excluding it.
The phraseological unit as a whole has lexical meaning. The words included in a phraseological unit individually do not convey the meaning of the entire expression. Phraseologisms can be synonymous (at the end of the world, where the raven did not bring bones) and antonymous (raise to heaven - trample into the dirt). A phraseological unit in a sentence is one member of the sentence. Phraseologisms reflect a person and his activities: work (golden hands, playing the fool), relationships in society (bosom friend, putting a spoke in the wheels), personal qualities (turning up his nose, sour face), etc. Phraseologisms make a statement expressive and create imagery. Set expressions are used in works of art, journalism, and everyday speech. Set expressions are also called idioms. There are many idioms in other languages - English, Japanese, Chinese, French.
To clearly see the use of phraseological units, refer to their list or on the page below.
You've probably heard more than once that some phrases are called phraseological units. And, we bet, we have used such phrases ourselves many times. Let's check what you know about them. We guarantee we know more. And we will be happy to share information.
What is a phraseological unit?
Phraseologism- a turnover that is freely reproduced in speech, has a holistic, stable and, often, figurative meaning. From the point of view of structure, it is constructed as a coordinating or subordinating phrase (it is non-predicative or predicative in nature).
In what case does a certain phrase turn into a phraseological unit? When each of its component parts loses its independence as a semantic unit. And together they form a phrase with a new, allegorical meaning and imagery.
Signs of phraseological units:
- sustainability;
- reproducibility;
- integrity of meaning;
- dismemberment of the composition;
- belonging to the nominative dictionary of the language.
Some of these features characterize the internal content of the phraseological unit, and some – the form.
How do phraseological units differ from words?
First of all, with its pronounced stylistic coloring. Most commonly used words in the average person's vocabulary are neutral vocabulary. Phraseologisms are characterized by evaluative meaning, emotional and expressive coloring, without which the realization of the meaning of phraseological units is impossible.
From the point of view of language stylistics, phraseological units can be divided into:
- neutral ( from time to time, little by little etc.);
- high style ( cornerstone, rest in God etc.);
- colloquial and vernacular ( good riddance, catch crows etc.).
How do phraseological units differ from phraseological combinations, proverbs and sayings, and popular expressions?
Phraseologisms are capable (and actively do this) in composition to be combined with words of free use (that is, all other words of the language, “non-phraseologisms”).
How phraseological units are divided by origin:
- originally Russian– some free phrases were rethought in speech as metaphors and turned into phraseological units ( reel in fishing rods, fish in troubled waters, knead mud, spread wings, grate kalach etc.);
- borrowings from Old Church Slavonic (hesitating nothing, like the apple of his eye, not of this world, a proverb, in its time, the holy of holies etc.);
- stable phrases-terms that have turned into metaphors (bring to a common denominator= call, specific gravity= value, exaggerate= to greatly exaggerate, squaring the circle etc.);
- accepted in everyday life stable names, which do not belong to any terminological system ( Indian summer, goat leg etc.);
- catch words and expressions who came to us from Greek and Roman mythology (Achilles' heel, sword of Damocles, tantalum torment, wash your hands etc.);
- popular words and expressions from the Bible and other religious texts ( manna from heaven, abomination of desolation etc.);
- catchphrases originating from literature, which have lost connection with the original source and entered speech as phraseological units ( magician and wizard– comedy by A.V. Sukhovo-Kobylin “Krechinsky’s Wedding” (1855), between a rock and a hard place– F. Spielhagen’s novel “Between a Hammer and a Hard Place” (1868), between Scylla and Charybdis– Homer, “Odyssey” (8th century BC);
- tracing phraseological units, that is, a literal translation of set expressions from other languages ( smash on your head– German aufs Haupt Schlagen, out of place– fr. ne pas etre dans son assiette, time of the dog and the wolf– fr. l'heure entre chien et loup, literally: the time after sunset when it is difficult to distinguish a dog from a wolf).
Do not apply to phraseological units:
- phraseological combinations like to scorn, to pay attention, to win, to make a decision; voracious appetite, girlish memory, bosom friend, sworn enemy, dog cold and the like. The words that make up these phrases retain the ability to be meaningfully and grammatically connected to another word. Phraseological combinations are classified as specific phrases. But phraseological units themselves are not phrases in the common understanding of this definition (*in fact, this is a rather controversial point of classification and in the future we will look at some of these expressions);
- stable phrases-terms ( exclamation point, brain, chest, spinal column, progressive paralysis) and compound names (such as red corner, wall newspaper);
- designs such as: in the form of, for the sake of appearance, under power, if they cannot be compared with a literal prepositional-case combination of words (compare: on the nose= very soon and on the nose mole);
- catchphrases, proverbs and sayings ( Happy hours are not observed; All ages are submissive to love; Whoever comes to us with a sword will die by the sword; Do not renounce money and prison etc.) - they differ from phraseological units in that in speech they are combined not with words, but with whole sentences (parts of sentences).
Lexico-grammatical classification
Phraseologisms can also be classified from a lexico-grammatical point of view:
- verbal- used in speech in the imperfect and perfect form: take/take the bull by the horns, hang/hang the nose, stroke/pat against the grain etc. A significant number of verbal phraseological units are still entrenched in the language in the form of only one type: perfect ( wave your hand, tuck it into your belt, kill two birds with one stone) or imperfect ( lead by the nose, smoke the sky, stand like a mountain(for someone)).
- personalized– are realized in noun phrases ( Indian summer, dark forest, Filkina's letter). In a sentence they can play the role of a nominal predicate - they are used in I.p. or sometimes in the like.
- adverbial– are realized in adverbial combinations ( in all the shoulder blades, in all the eyes, in one word, in a black body, so-so).
- adjectival – are characterized by the fact that their interpretation requires attributive (adjective) phrases ( skin and bones= very thin wet behind the ears= too young).
- verbal-nominal predicative - built on the model of a sentence and implemented in verbal-nominal phrases (in fact, sentences where the role of the subject (grammatical or logical) is an indefinite pronoun): my eyes are rolling out of my head who has and a flag in your hands to whom.
Phraseologisms and idioms - is there a difference?
Is it necessary to distinguish between phraseological units and idioms? Idioms- these are figures of speech that cannot be divided into component parts without losing the original meaning and the general meaning of which cannot be deduced from the meanings of the individual words that make up them. We can say that phraseological units and idioms are related as genus and species. That is, a phraseological unit is a broader concept, a special case of which is an idiom.
Idioms are curious because when translated literally into another language, their meaning is lost. An idiom gives a description of phenomena that is logical for speakers of a language, but is based on definitions and metaphors that cannot be understood outside of this language without additional interpretation. For example, in Russian we talk about heavy rain it's pouring like crazy. In the same case, the British say It’s raining cats and dogs). And, for example, Estonians will say about heavy rain that it’s pouring like from a beanstalk.
We'll talk about something incomprehensible Chinese letter, but for the Danes it’s “ sounds like the name of a Russian city". The German will say: “I only understood “station”, Pole – “Thank you, everyone is healthy at home.”, the Englishman will use “It’s all Greek to me”.
Or let’s take the famous Russian phraseological unit kick your ass(= to idle, to do nonsense) – it cannot be translated into another language word for word. Because the origin of the expression is associated with phenomena of the past that have no analogues in modern times. “Beating the bucks” means splitting logs into logs for turning spoons and wooden utensils.
Phraseologisms, speech stamps and cliches
Do not confuse phraseological units with speech cliches and cliches. Phraseologisms are a product of metaphorization of language. They enrich speech, make it more expressive and varied, and give figurativeness to the statement. On the contrary, clichés and cliches impoverish speech and reduce it to some hackneyed formulas. Although phraseological units have a stable structure and are reproduced, as a rule, in their entirety, without changes or additions, they liberate thinking and give free rein to the imagination. But clichés and cliches make thinking and speech stereotyped, deprive them of individuality and indicate the poverty of the speaker’s imagination.
For example, expressions black gold(= oil), people in white coats(= doctors), light of the soul– are no longer metaphors, but real cliches.
Common mistakes in using phraseological units
Incorrect use of phraseological units leads to speech errors, sometimes simply annoying, and sometimes even comical.
- Using phraseological units with the wrong meaning. For example, with a literal understanding or distortion of the meaning of a phraseological unit - In the forest, I always use repellents, so a mosquito won't hurt your nose. The meaning of this phraseological unit is “you can’t find fault with anything”; in this case, the phrase was taken too literally and therefore used incorrectly.
- Distortion of the form of phraseological units.
- Grammatical Distortion - It Works later ive sleeves(Right later I sleeves). His stories for me imposed on teeth(Right imposed V teeth). It is also incorrect to replace short forms of adjectives with full forms in phraseological units.
- Lexical distortion – Shut up mine someone's belt(it is impossible to freely introduce new units into a phraseological unit). Live wide(Right live large leg – you cannot throw out words from a phraseological unit).
Modern phraseological units
Like any lexical units, phraseological units are born, exist for some time, and some of them sooner or later go out of active use. If we talk about the relevance of phraseological units, they can be divided into:
- common;
- obsolete;
- outdated.
The system of phraseological units of the Russian language is not once and for all frozen and unchangeable. New phraseological units inevitably arise in response to the phenomena of modern life. Borrowed as cripples from other languages. And they enrich modern speech with new, relevant metaphors.
Here, for example, are several relatively “fresh” phraseological units that relatively recently (mainly in the twentieth century) took root in the Russian language:
On a live thread- to do something not too carefully, temporarily, with the expectation of redoing the work properly in the future, to do it without extra effort. The origin of the phraseology is quite clear: when seamstresses sew pieces of a product together, they first baste them with large stitches so that they just hold together. And then the parts are sewn together carefully and firmly.
Cloudless character– a characteristic for a calm and calm person with a friendly and balanced character, a person without any special flaws and not subject to mood swings. It can also be used not only to describe a person, but also to characterize abstract phenomena (relationships between people, for example).
How to send two bytes- a characteristic for any action that is completely easy to perform.
Speak different languages– not finding mutual understanding.
Make lemonade out of lemons– be able to use even the most unfavorable conditions and circumstances to your advantage and achieve success in this.
Why are synonymous phraseological units needed?
By the way, phraseological units can be both synonyms and antonyms. Having understood what connections exist between phraseological units that are different at first glance, you can better understand their meanings. And also diversify the use of these phrases in speech. Sometimes synonymous phraseological units describe different degrees of manifestation of a phenomenon or its different but similar aspects. Look at these examples of phraseological units:
- They also say about a person who means nothing to society and is nothing of himself. small fry, And the last spoke in the chariot, And low flying bird, And lump out of the blue.
- Antonyms for these phraseological units are the following phrases: important bird, high flying bird, big shot.
Interpretation of phraseological units
We bring to your attention the interpretation and even the history of the origin of some phraseological units. They are part of the active stock of the modern Russian language. And, despite the fact that some are not just tens, but even a couple of hundred years old, they remain popular and are widely used in everyday speech and literature.
Augean stables- this is how they burn about a very dirty place, a neglected and untidy room, things scattered in disarray. It also applies to affairs that have become disordered, unorganized and neglected.
Phraseologism comes from ancient Greek myths. One of the labors of Hercules was cleaning the stables of King Augeas of Elis, which had not been cleaned for 30 years.
Ariadne's thread- a wonderful way to find a way out of a difficult situation.
This phrase also came to us from ancient Greek myths. According to legend, the daughter of the Cretan king Minos, Ariadne, helped the Athenian hero Theseus get out of the Minotaur’s labyrinth, giving him a ball of thread so that he could use a thread fixed at the entrance to the labyrinth to return from the tangled corridors. By the way, if you one day become interested in ancient literature, you will find out that later Ariadne probably regretted that she undertook to help Theseus.
Achilles heel– the weakest and most vulnerable place, secret weakness.
According to ancient Greek mythology, the hero Achilles was miraculously hardened against any danger. And only one heel remained humanly vulnerable. Achilles subsequently died from a wound inflicted by an arrow in the heel.
lamb in a piece of paper- bribe.
It is believed that phraseological units originated in the 18th century. At that time, there was a magazine called “All sorts of things,” the editor of which was Empress Catherine II. The monarch sharply criticized bribery, widespread among officials. And she claimed that the officials, hinting at a bribe, demanded that they bring them “a lamb in a piece of paper.” The turn of phrase was popular with the Russian writer M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, who, as you know, often ridiculed the vices of his contemporary society.
without a hitch, without a hitch- flawlessly, without complications or problems, good and smooth.
A snag used to be called roughness, an unevenness on the surface of a smoothly planed board.
sound the alarm- to attract everyone's attention to something of great social or personal significance, to something dangerous and disturbing.
Alarm - in the Middle Ages and earlier periods of history, to notify people of trouble (fire, invasion of enemies, etc.), an alarm signal was given by ringing bells, less often by beating drums.
swear words(shout) – scream very loudly, at the top of your lungs.
Phraseologism has nothing to do with modern swear words, i.e. mat. From Old Russian, good can be translated as strong, and mat as voice. Those. The expression should be taken literally only if you know what each of its parts means separately.
big shot– an important, respected and significant person in society.
In the old days, heavy loads were floated on rivers using the draft power of people (barge haulers). In the strap, the most experienced, physically strong and resilient person walked in front of everyone, who in the jargon accepted in this environment was called a big shot.
shave forehead- send to military service, to become a soldier.
Before the new regulations on conscription were adopted in 1874, recruits were recruited into the army (usually under duress) for a period of 25 years. While the recruitment process lasted, everyone fit for military service had the front half of their head shaved bald.
Babel- confusion and crowding, disorder.
Biblical legends describe the construction of a grandiose tower reaching to the sky (“pillar of creation”), which was started by the inhabitants of Ancient Babylon and in which many people from different lands took part. As a punishment for this insolence, God created many different languages, so that the builders ceased to understand each other and, in the end, were unable to complete the construction.
St. Bartholomew's night– massacre, genocide and extermination.
On the night of August 24, 1572 in Paris, on the eve of St. Bartholomew's Day, Catholics carried out a massacre of Protestant Huguenots. As a result, several thousand people were physically destroyed and injured (according to some estimates, up to 30 thousand).
Versta Kolomenskaya– a characteristic for a very tall person.
In the past, mileposts marked distances on roads. This particular expression was born from a comparison of tall people with milestones on the road between Moscow and the village of Kolomenskoye (the summer residence of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was located there).
hang dogs- to accuse someone, to condemn and blame, to slander and to blame someone else.
By “dog” we do not mean an animal, but an outdated name for thorns and thorns.
to the fullest extent- very quickly.
This phrase was born to denote the very fast running of a horse when it gallops “with all its front legs.”
free Cossack– definition for a free and independent person.
In the Moscow state of the 15th-17th centuries, this was the name given to free people from the central regions of the country who fled to the periphery to escape enslavement (i.e., becoming serfs).
newspaper duck– unverified, distorted or completely false information in the media.
There are several versions of the origin of this phraseological unit. This is a popular one among journalists: in the past, newspapers used to put the letters NT next to dubious and unverified reports ( non testatum= "not verified" in Latin). But the fact is that the German word for "duck" ( ente) is consonant with this abbreviation. This is how this expression was born.
highlight of the program- the most important part of the performance, the best and most important number, something very important and significant.
The famous Eiffel Tower was built in Paris specifically for the World Exhibition (1889). To contemporaries of those events, the tower resembled a nail. By the way, it was assumed that 20 years after the exhibition the tower would be dismantled. And only the development of radio broadcasting saved it from destruction - the tower began to be used as a tower for placing radio transmitters. And the expression has since taken root to denote something unusual, noticeable and significant.
pillars of Hercules(pillars) – the highest, extreme degree of something.
It was originally used to describe something very distant, almost “on the edge of the world.” This is what in ancient times they called two rocks located on the shores of the Strait of Gibraltar. In those days, people believed that the pillar rocks were installed there by the ancient Greek hero Hercules.
goal like a falcon- a characteristic for a very poor person.
Falcon was the name of an ancient battering gun used during a siege. It looked like an absolutely smooth cast iron block attached to chains.
sword of Damocles– constant threat, danger.
In ancient Greek myths there was a story about the tyrant from Syracuse Dionysius the Elder. He taught one of his close associates, Damocles, a lesson for envy of his position. At the feast, Damocles was seated in a place above which a sharp sword was suspended from a horsehair. The sword symbolized the many dangers that constantly haunt a man of such high position as Dionysius.
the case burned out– i.e. something completed successfully, satisfactorily.
The origin of this phraseological unit is associated with the peculiarities of judicial records management in the past. No charges could be brought against a defendant if his court file was destroyed, for example, by fire. Wooden courts, along with all archives, often burned in the past. And there were also frequent cases when court cases were destroyed deliberately, for a bribe to court officials.
reach the handle- to reach the extreme degree of humiliation, extreme need, to completely descend and lose self-respect.
When ancient Russian bakers baked kalachi, they gave them the shape of a padlock with a round shackle. This form had a purely utilitarian purpose. It was convenient to hold the roll by the handle while eating. Apparently, they already knew about the diseases of dirty hands even then, so they disdained eating the handle of the roll. But it could be given to the poor or thrown to a hungry dog. It was possible to go so far as to eat the handle of a roll of bread only in the most extreme cases, in extreme need, or simply without caring at all about one’s health and image in the eyes of others.
bosom friend– the closest and most reliable friend, soul mate.
Before the arrival of Christianity in Rus', it was believed that the human soul was in the throat, “behind the Adam’s apple.” After the adoption of Christianity, they began to believe that the soul is located in the chest. But the designation of the most trusted person, to whom you can even entrust your own life and for whom you will regret it, remained as a “sidekick”, i.e. "soul" friend.
for lentil soup- betray your ideals or supporters for selfish reasons.
According to biblical legend, Esau gave up his birthright to his brother Jacob for just a bowl of lentil stew.
golden mean– an intermediate position, behavior aimed at avoiding extremes and making risky decisions.
This is a tracing paper from the Latin saying of the ancient Roman poet Horace “ aurea mediocritas".
history with geography- a state when things took an unexpected turn that no one expected.
The phraseological unit was born from the outdated name of the school discipline - “history with geography.”
and it's a no brainer– something that should be understandable even to the most incomprehensible, self-evident.
There are two versions of the origin of this phraseological unit. It is also possible that they are both valid and one follows from the other. One by one, a turn of phrase went to the people after a poem by V. Mayakovsky, in which there were the following lines: “It’s clear even to a no brainer / This Petya was a bourgeois.” According to another, the expression took root in boarding schools for gifted children that existed during Soviet times. The letters E, Zh and I denoted classes with students of the same year of study. And the students themselves were called “hedgehogs.” In terms of their knowledge, they lagged behind students from classes A, B, C, D, D. Therefore, what was understandable to a “no brainer” should have been even more understandable to more “advanced” students.
if we don't wash, we'll ride– to achieve the desired result in more than one way.
This phraseological unit describes the ancient method of washing adopted in villages. The laundry was rinsed by hand, and then, due to the lack of such benefits of civilization as an iron at that time, they were “rolled out” with a special wooden rolling pin. After this, things became wrung out, especially clean and even practically ironed.
latest Chinese warning– empty threats that do not entail any decisive action.
This phraseological unit was born relatively recently. In the 50s and 60s, US Air Force reconnaissance aircraft often violated Chinese airspace. The Chinese authorities responded to any such border violation (and there were several hundred of them) with an official warning to the US leadership. But no decisive action was taken to stop the reconnaissance flights of American pilots.
quietly- do something secretly and gradually, act on the sly.
Sapa (from it. zappa= “hoe”) - a ditch or tunnel, imperceptibly dug towards the enemy’s fortifications in order to take him by surprise. In the past, in this way they often undermined the walls of enemy fortresses, placing charges of gunpowder in the trenches. Exploding, the bombs destroyed the external walls and opened up the opportunity for the attackers to break through. By the way, the word “sapper” is of the same origin - this is the name given to people who left gunpowder charges in saps.
Conclusion
We hope that we were able to open up for you at least a little the diverse and interesting world of phraseological units. If you continue this journey on your own, many more interesting discoveries await you.
Phraseological units change over time, new phenomena in life lead to the emergence of new phraseological units. If you know any interesting new phraseological units, tell us about it in the comments. We will definitely supplement this article with them and will not forget to thank those who send us new phraseological units.
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Prepared a review there are a lot of phraseological units for the word .
Found more than 50 such phraseological units.
They are mixed into three groups: phraseological units with the word a lot, phraseological units with the meaning many and phraseological units with the meaning very much.
In turn, phraseological units with the word are much reduced into thematic groups: a lot of honor, inflated self-esteem, indecent behavior, writers about a lot.
Phraseologisms with the word a lot
Phraseologisms about a lot of honor
- Do a lot of honor (provide a lot of attention) - by the way, phraseological units with do
- A lot of honor (someone is not worth, does not deserve attention to himself, good treatment)
- Too much honor (not worth the work, effort, attention)
Phraseologisms about high self-esteem
- Taking on/taking on too much (overestimating oneself, being too bold)
- Thinking/dreaming about yourself a lot (to think too highly of yourself)
Phraseologisms about indecent behavior
- Take on a lot (allow yourself more than you should; do not know the limits, decency)
- Allowing yourself too much (behaving inappropriately)
Other phraseological units with many
- A lot of water has passed under the bridge (a lot of changes have happened over the years) - by the way, phraseological units with water
- There is a lot of sadness in a lot of wisdom (the more a person knows himself and those around him, the more keenly he perceives the imperfections of life and himself) - by the way, biblical phraseological units
- Neither more nor less (just right) - by the way, phraseological units with neither nor
- Give a lot of will (give someone more freedom in action, etc.)
- Costs a lot of blood (costs a lot, causes trouble) - by the way, phraseological units with blood
Phraseologisms of writers with the word a lot
- There are many things in the world, friend Horatio, that our sages never dreamed of (W. Shakespeare, “Hamlet”)
- Much ado about nothing (W. Shakespeare, “Much ado about nothing”)
- Moscow... there is so much in this sound (A.S. Pushkin, “Eugene Onegin”, see phraseological units from “Eugene Onegin”)
- And he has no friend, although he has many friends (V.G. Benediktov, “Singer”)
- It is difficult and sometimes dangerous to talk about many things (V.G. Benediktov, “Questions”)
- There are many noble words, but no noble deeds are visible... (N.A. Nekrasov, “Smug talkers”)
- In place of the chains of serfs, people came up with many others (N.A. Nekrasov, “Freedom”, see Nekrasov’s phraseological units)
- How little has been lived, how much has been experienced! (S.Ya. Nadson, “The Veil has been lifted”)
- If you take a little from a lot, it is not theft, but simply sharing (M. Gorky, “Tales of Italy”)
- The Man Who Knew Too Much (G.K. Chesterton, "The Man Who Knew Too Much")
- So few roads have been traveled, so many mistakes have been made (S.A. Yesenin, “I’m sad to look at you...”, see Yesenin’s phraseological units)
Phraseologisms with a lot of meaning
- Over your head - by the way, phraseological units are over your head
- The tables are crowded
- As much as your heart desires - by the way, phraseological units from the soul
- No lights out
- Unexpected land
- Chickens don't peck
- Their name is legion - by the way, phraseological units with the name
- Nowhere to go
- Cart and small cart
- Up to the neck - by the way, phraseological units up to the neck
- More than enough
- Whole box
- A dime a dozen
- Like uncut dogs - by the way, phraseological units with a dog
- Mouth full - by the way, phraseological units with mouth
- In excess
- To hell / stupid
Phraseologisms with a lot of meaning
- The darkness is dark
- Visibly-invisibly
- A myriad of
- Many many
- Horror how much
- Horse dose - by the way,
Augean stables
First clear out these Augean stables, and then you can go for a walk.
Meaning. A cluttered, polluted place where everything is in complete disarray.
Arshin swallow
It stands as if it had swallowed an arshin.
Meaning. Standing unnaturally straight.
Overeat henbane
In Pushkin’s “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish,” the old man, outraged by the shameless greed of his old woman, angrily says to her: “Why, woman, have you eaten too much henbane?”
Meaning. Behaving absurdly, viciously, like a madman.
Buridanov's donkey
He rushes about, cannot decide on anything, like Buridan’s donkey.
Meaning. An extremely indecisive person, hesitating between equally valuable decisions.
Let's go back to our sheep
However, enough about this, let's get back to our sheep.
Meaning. An appeal to the speaker not to be distracted from the main topic; a statement that his digression from the topic of conversation was over.
Versta Kolomenskaya
Everyone will immediately pay attention to a Kolomna mile like you.
Meaning. This is what they call a very tall person, a brute.
Lead by the nose
The smartest man, he fooled his opponent by the nose more than once or twice.
Meaning. Deceive, mislead, promise and fail to deliver.
Hair on end
Horror gripped him: his eyes rolled out, his hair stood on end.
Meaning. This is what they say when a person is very scared.
That's where the dog is buried!
Ah, that's it! Now it’s clear where the dog is buried.
Meaning. That's the thing, that's the real reason.
Add the first number
For such deeds, of course, they should get paid the first day!
Meaning. Severely punish or scold someone
Rub glasses
Don't believe it, they're trying to bully you!
Meaning. Deceive someone by presenting the matter in a distorted, incorrect, but beneficial light for the speaker.
Voice in the wilderness
Work in vain, you will not convince them, your words are the voice of one crying in the wilderness.
Meaning. Denotes vain persuasion, appeals that no one heeds.
Goal like a falcon
Who says a good word to me? After all, I'm an orphan all around. Goal like a falcon.
Meaning. Very poor, beggar.
Naked truth
This is the state of affairs, the naked truth without embellishment.
Meaning. The truth is as it is, without mincing words.
Onion grief
Do you know how to cook soup, dear onion.
Meaning. A klutz, an unlucky person.
Two-Faced Janus
She is deceitful, cunning and hypocritical, a real two-faced Janus.
Meaning. Two-faced, hypocritical person
It's in the bag
Well, that's it, now you can sleep peacefully: it's all in the bag.
Meaning. Everything is fine, everything ended well.
Money doesn't smell
He took the money and didn’t wince, money doesn’t smell.
Meaning. It is the availability of money that is important, not the source of its origin.
Keep in a black body
Don't let her sleep in bed By the light of the morning star, Keep the lazy girl in a black body And don't take off her reins!
Meaning. Harshly, strictly treat someone by forcing them to work hard; to oppress someone.
Bring to white heat
Vile guy, drives me crazy.
Meaning. Make you angry to the limit, drive you crazy.
Smoke rocker
In the tavern the smoke stood like a yoke: songs, dances, shouting, fighting.
Meaning. Noise, din, disorder, turmoil.
Egyptian executions
What kind of punishment is this, just Egyptian executions!
Meaning. Disasters that bring torment, severe punishment.
Iron curtain
We live as if behind an iron curtain, no one comes to us, and we don’t visit anyone.
Meaning. Obstacles, obstacles, complete political isolation of the country.
Yellow press
Where did you read all this? Don't trust the yellow press.
Meaning. A low-quality, deceitful press, greedy for cheap sensations.
Alive Smoking Room
A. S. Pushkin wrote an epigram to the critic M. Kachenovsky, which began with the words: “How! Is Kurilka the journalist still alive? It ended with wise advice: “...How to extinguish a stinking splinter? How can I kill my Smoking Room? Give me some advice.” - “Yes... spit on him.”
Meaning. An exclamation when mentioning someone's continued activity or existence despite difficult conditions.
Behind seven seals
Well, of course, because this is a sealed secret for you!
Meaning. Something incomprehensible.
Hack on the nose
And get this in your head: you won’t be able to deceive me!
Meaning. Remember it firmly, once and for all.
The truth is in the wine
And next to the neighboring tables Sleepy footmen hang around, And drunkards with rabbit eyes shout “In vino Veritas.” Alexander Blok
Meaning. If you want to find out exactly what a person is thinking, treat him to wine.
The game is not worth the candle
You shouldn't do this. The game is clearly not worth the candle.
Meaning. The effort expended is not worth it.
To the head analysis
Well, brother, you've come late to the very basic analysis!
Meaning. Be late, show up when it’s all over.
How to get chickens into cabbage soup
And he ended up with this case like chickens in cabbage soup.
Meaning. Bad luck, unexpected misfortune.
King for a day
I would not trust their generous promises, which they give out right and left: caliphs for an hour.
Meaning. About a man who accidentally found himself in a position of power for a short time.
Scapegoat
I'm afraid that you will forever be their scapegoat.
Meaning. Responsible for someone else's fault, for the mistakes of others, because the true culprit cannot be found or wants to evade responsibility.
sing Lazarus
Stop singing Lazarus, stop being poor.
Meaning. Beg, whine, complain exaggeratedly about fate, trying to evoke the sympathy of others.
Get into trouble
You promised to be careful, but you deliberately get into trouble!
Meaning. Undertaking something risky, running into trouble, doing something dangerous, doomed to failure.
Disservice
Constant praise from your lips is a real disservice.
Meaning. Unsolicited help, a service that does more harm than good.
Cast pearls before swine
In a letter to A. A. Bestuzhev (late January 1825), A. S. Pushkin writes: “The first sign of an intelligent person is to know at first glance who you are dealing with, and not to throw pearls in front of the Repetilovs and the like.”
Meaning. Wasting words speaking to people who cannot understand you.
You can't ride a goat
He looks down on everyone, you can’t even approach him on a crooked goat.
Meaning. He is completely unapproachable, it is not clear how to contact him.
Unlucky man
Nothing went well with him, and in general he was a bad person.
Meaning. Frivolous, careless, dissolute.
Shelve
Now you’ll put it on the back burner, and then you’ll forget it completely.
Meaning. Give the case a long delay, delay its decision for a long time.
Retired goat drummer
I am no longer in office - a retired goat drummer.
Meaning. A person not needed by anyone, respected by anyone.
Bring it under the monastery
What have you done, what should I do now, you brought me under the monastery, and that’s all.
Meaning. Put in a difficult, unpleasant position, subject to punishment.
Plant the pig
Well, he has a nasty character: he planted the pig and is satisfied!
Meaning. Secretly set up some nasty thing, do some mischief.
Get into trouble
The guy got into such trouble that even the guard screamed.
Meaning. Find yourself in a difficult, dangerous or unpleasant situation.
Professor of sour cabbage soup
He is always teaching everyone. Me too, professor of sour cabbage soup!
Meaning. Unlucky, bad master.
Beluga roar
For three days in a row she roared like a beluga.
Meaning. Scream or cry loudly.
Divorce antimonies
That's it, the conversation is over. I have no time to create antimonies with you here.
Meaning. Chat, carry on empty conversations. Observe unnecessary ceremony in relationships.
On the side of the bake
Why would I go to them? Nobody called me. It's called coming - on the side of the heat!
Meaning. Everything is random, extraneous, attached to something from the outside; superfluous, unnecessary
Orphan Kazan
Why are you standing, rooted to the threshold like an orphan from Kazan.
Meaning. This is what they say about a person who pretends to be unhappy, offended, helpless in order to pity someone.
Grated kalach
Like a grated kalach, I can give you practical advice.
Meaning. This is what they call an experienced person who is difficult to deceive.
Tip on your tongue
What are you saying? Thump your tongue!
Meaning. An expression of dissatisfaction with what was said, an unkind wish to someone who says something that is not meant to be said.
Sharpen the laces
Why are you sitting idle and sharpening your swords?
Meaning. Talking idle talk, engaging in useless chatter, gossiping.
Pull the gimp
Now they’re gone, he’ll keep dragging his feet until we give up on this idea ourselves.
Meaning. To procrastinate, to delay something, to speak monotonously and tediously.
Hit face in the dirt
Don't let us down, don't lose face in front of the guests.
Meaning. To make a mistake, to disgrace oneself.
In the middle of nowhere
What, should we go see him? Yes, this is in the middle of nowhere.
Meaning. Very far away, somewhere in the wilderness.
Fig leaf
She is a terrible pretender and lazy person, hiding behind her imaginary illness like a fig leaf.
Meaning. A plausible cover for unseemly deeds.
Filka's certificate
What kind of stupid letter is this, can’t you really express your thoughts?
Meaning. An ignorant, illiterate document.
Grab the stars from the sky
He is a man not without abilities, but there are not enough stars from heaven.
Meaning. Do not be distinguished by talents and outstanding abilities.
That's enough of a prickle
He was in great health, and suddenly he got sick.
Meaning. Someone died suddenly or was suddenly paralyzed.
Apple of discord
This ride is a real bone of contention, can’t you give in, let him go.
Meaning. What gives rise to conflict, serious contradictions.
Pandora's Box
Well, now hold on, Pandora's box has opened.
Meaning. Everything that can serve as a source of disaster if you are careless.
