On Stoyalaya Street in the city of Rybinsk, Yaroslavl region, there is one of the most famous monuments in the entire city. This monument is dedicated to Admiral F.F. Ushakov. The opening ceremony of the monument took place on July 27, 1996, which coincided with the anniversary date of the 300th anniversary of the founding of the Russian Navy. The chief architect was N.A. Losev, and the sculptor E.V. Easter.
The bust of the memorial monument is entirely cast in bronze and mounted on a column made of granite. If you look at the upper part of the granite column, you can also see bas-reliefs made of bronze, which depict fragments of military battles in which they especially distinguished themselves: Corfu, Koliakria, Tendra - this is a memorial plaque dedicated exclusively to “Admiral Ushakov”.
Ushakov Fedor Fedorovich was born in 1744 into the family of a Russian Preobrazhensky officer. Young Ushakov began his brilliant career while still in the cadet corps. At the end of 1766, Fyodor Fedorovich was awarded the rank of officer (midshipman) for the first time in his life, after which he moved to the city of Arkhangelsk.
Three years later, Ushakov became the commander of a large floating battery, guarding the entrance to the Don River along with other ships. At this time, the first Russian-Turkish war was in full swing. From 1771 to 1775, Fedor Fedorovich was the commander of the ship "Modon", and also actively took part in reconnaissance, the protection of fortresses on the Black Sea coast from foreign saboteurs, and the protection of the shores of the Black Sea. In 1776, Ushakov was appointed captain of the frigate "St. Paul" in the Baltic region, after which he set off on a major European voyage across the Mediterranean to protect Russian ships intended for trade.
A few years later, Ushakov became the commander of the famous imperial yacht “Standart”, although this court service did not quite attract him, for which reason he soon achieved a transfer to the 64-gun battleship “Victor”. For two years, this ship was under the command of Fyodor Fedorovich along with the rest of the ships of Admiral Sukhotin and was directly involved in the protection of ships, thereby ensuring complete freedom of navigation.
At the beginning of 1783, Ushakov was already a captain of the second rank and decided to head with his sailor detachment to the city of Kherson, leaving Kronstadt. Here he received a new assignment to join the Black Sea Fleet in the person of the commander of one of the ships, but this was not allowed to happen, because a terrible plague epidemic prevented him - Ushakov withdrew his sailor troops from the city limits to the steppe. For his entrepreneurial spirit in saving the lives of many people, he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, IV degree, and also received the honorary title of captain of the 1st rank, becoming the full-fledged commander of the ship "St. Paul". At the end of 1784, this ship arrived in Sevastopol, and all efforts were devoted to the construction of the city. Over the next two years, Ushakov was in continuous study.
In 1787, Empress Catherine II came to the city along with foreign guests. Here the empress generously rewarded the naval commanders-in-chief. In the same year, Turkey declares war on Russia, during which Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov showed himself at his best and did everything possible to defeat the enemy. He and his team not only successfully completed the task of attacking Turkish troops, but also prevented their landing on the Black Sea coast. Ushakov, in a prolonged battle, was able to capture the Turkish admiral and discover the hidden enemy fleet, completely destroying it. At the end of the war, there was a change of emperor, and Fyodor Fedorovich fell out of favor, after which he simply resigned in 1807. In 1817, the great Russian admiral passed away.
It is important to note that for the work done in 1997, the sculptor of the monument to Ushakov E.V. Paskhina and architect N.A. Losev were awarded the regional prize named after A.M. Guardian of the 2nd degree.
The name of this naval commander is closely connected with the Black Sea Fleet and the hero city of Sevastopol. Lieutenant Fyodor Ushakov arrived in Balaklava Bay long before the city was founded. The naval commander played an important role in the construction of the coastal bay and commanded the formation of a new fleet on the Black Sea coast. He was called the arbiter of the fate of the Russian fleet, “the Suvorov of the sea,” a hero. Ushakov's fleet defeated the Turks at the Battle of Fidonisi, near Kerch. The city knows about this name firsthand; a street, a library and a square are named in honor of the admiral. Also, a military order of two degrees and the Ushakov medal deserved special attention and recognition. The sculptor Popov took up the design of the monument to the naval commander, but work did not begin immediately, since the city was covered in the ashes of ruins. And only on the 200th anniversary of the admiral’s birth, the monument was opened right at the entrance to Historical Boulevard. The sculptor Stanislav Chizh took as a basis the portrait of the admiral painted by anthropologist Mikhail Gerasimov. A bronze bust with the inscription on the cartouche “Admiral Ushakov 1744-1817” looks at passers-by and reminds of his exploits. The pedestal complements the architectural surroundings with its classic design. The bust itself rises at a height of four meters. But even this, the merits of Fyodor Ushakov did not lose their significance; the city authorities and the command of the Black Sea Fleet decided to create another monument to the hero of Crimean history; the St. Petersburg sculptor Grigory Chernienko took up the task. And here he is, a general in a ceremonial uniform with a high collar, with orders on his chest, looking at us from a tetrahedral diorite pedestal. In the right hand of the creator of the Black Sea Fleet is a telescope, and on his left hip is a broadsword. On the facades of its hill are depicted sailing ships with the inscriptions “Corfu 1799, Kali-akria 1791, Tendra 1790”, these are exactly the places where the general won a brilliant victory. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate canonized the warrior Ushakov and canonized the Saransk Diocese, and at the same period a temple was founded in the name of the righteous Holy warrior Fyodor Ushakov. So, walking along the streets of the city of military glory, you will see a 5-meter monument to the general, a temple in honor of the naval commander, as well as a bust of the hero of Sevastopol!
We invite you to take a fascinating walk through the picturesque park "Northern Tushino" to the monument to Admiral Fyodor Fedorovich Ushakov and learn about the life of the great Russian naval commander, introduce children to the heroic past of our fleet.
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Guys, you and I have come to our beloved park “Northern Tushino”. There are many attractions in the park. But today we will stop in a corner of the park located on the shore of the Khimki reservoir. Here we see a monument.
Guys, what kind of people do you think they erect monuments to?
Monuments are erected to great people who became famous for great deeds.
Do you know which of the great people had monuments erected?
Let's look at this monument. It was installed to the Russian admiral of the Russian fleet - Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov.
(tell us what a fleet is)
I suggest you listen to an interesting story about him...
A long time ago, more than 200 years ago, the future admiral of the Russian fleet was born.
Not by the sea... but far from it, in the very middle of Russia, in the Tambov province. In the youth of the future
The admiral was surrounded by quiet forests and quiet fields. He did not see the sea waves, did not hear the storms roar, but
I grew up with a dream of naval service.
In days of war, the enemy may approach his beloved Motherland by sea. Who will stop him? Who will lead without fear
battle Russian ships? Of course - the sons of Russia. So Fedor dreamed of serving his Motherland on its squadrons.
To become a defender of the Motherland, desire alone is not enough. You also need skill. The future admiral entered the
maritime school. There he taught mathematics - without it you can’t build a ship, you can’t shoot a cannon accurately.
I studied geography - maps of our Earth. Without it, you will get lost in the ocean and will not find your way to distant countries.
I also had to learn the maritime language - a special language. In the navy, even the usual is called differently:
room-cabin, bench-bank, duty-watch, cook-cook...
Fedor studied very well. He knew shipbuilding very well. Therefore he was appointed commander
The royal yacht. But the young officer Fyodor Ushakov refused such easy work. And got him
transferred to a warship - to anxiety, to danger, to hard work.
(it was safe to sail on a yacht - the royal family was not taken on a stormy sea)
There he could serve all of Russia.
Ushakov received the highest naval rank - admiral - in battle. He commanded the Russian fleet at
Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea.
During his service, Admiral Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov fought 43 naval battles and did not lose a single one.
one! Not a single Russian ship under his command was lost, not a single sailor was caught in
captivity to the enemy. Admiral Ushakov was the absolute winner.
Guys, would you like me to tell you about one such battle during the Russian-Turkish war?
...It was almost 200 years ago... The ruler of Turkey - the Sultan - demanded that Russia give him Crimea and stop defending Georgia.
Of course, Russia refused to comply with such a demand. And Türkiye started the war.
The Russian command instructed Fyodor Ushakov to find the Turkish fleet in the Black Sea and destroy it. And the Turkish fleet promised its Sultan to capture Ushakov and put him in an iron cage. And deliver to Turkey.
“Yes, the battle will be tough,” thought Ushakov and kept looking through the telescope. But the sea was clear. Only Russian ships sail with their sails spread, like a flock of white birds...
Guys, while the Russian squadron is looking for the enemy, you and I will watch the military theater. It is not at all like a theater in which artists play and sing. This is the area where troops, ships move and battles take place...
Extend your right hand in front of you, palm up.
The palm will represent the Black Sea. It's roughly the same shape.
At the edge of the palm, where the thumb is, the shores of Russia.
At the edge of the palm, where the little finger is, there are the shores of Turkey.
Georgia is where (the cuff of the sleeve) the sleeve of your sweater ends.
To imagine where Crimea is on the Black Sea, bend your thumb - you get the Crimean Peninsula. It extends far into the sea. At the tip of your thumbnail will be Sevastopol, the main station of the Russian fleet. Ushakov's squadron left Sevastopol in search of the enemy.
This is not all you need to know about the theater of the Russian-Turkish war. But before we continue our study of the military theater, let us repeat what we already know about it.
Show on your palm the Russian seashore, the Turkish coast, Georgia, Crimea.
The coast from the tip of the index finger to the tip of the little finger belongs to Bulgaria, but is captured by the Turks. There is a cape on this shore. It is called Kaliakria. It is located at the tip of the middle finger. It was at this cape that two squadrons met - Turkish and Russian.
Despite the fact that Ushakov had half as many ships, he still managed to win once again!
For each victory he was awarded an order. Let's look at them...
The image of naval commander Admiral F.F. Ushakov is a symbol of the glory and victorious traditions of the Russian fleet. Ships, bridges, metro stations, streets in different cities are named after him, and monuments have been erected. They made an order to reward other heroes for great deeds. There is a postage stamp and a commemorative coin from the Bank of Russia with his image.
Monument to Ushakov on the square of the same name
Nothing foreshadowed a glorious naval career for the son of a poor noble family, Fyodor Fedorovich Ushakov (1745 - 1817) - neither his parents’ small estate near Yaroslavl, nor the career of his father, a retired sergeant of the Priobrazhensky Life Guards Regiment, nor his grandfather’s spiritual heritage. But in 1766, the St. Petersburg Naval Cadet Corps graduated, and a start was made to his future military career in the Baltic.
War, which brings grief and pain to some, gives glory and exaltation to others. The first major war for Fyodor Fedorovich was the Russian-Turkish war of 1768 - 1774, which forever tied him to the enchanting azure of the Black Sea, imprisoning him in the rocky embrace of the Crimean Mountains. Although another decade will pass before his cherished dream - the official accession of the Russian Empire in the vastness of the peninsula, during which he will receive the rank of lieutenant, then the appointment as captain of the yacht “Happiness” of Empress Catherine II (1729 - 1796), participation in Mediterranean neutrality as the commander of a battleship “ Victor”... But with the signing of the 1783 manifesto on the annexation of Crimea to the vast expanses of the empire, he will immediately arrive in the new imperial estates.
The next round of tension in Russian-Turkish relations becomes decisive when, after previously won victories, the commander of the Black Sea Fleet, Admiral Marko Ivanovich Voinovich (1750 - 1807), issued an order on June 18, 1790 to move towards the enemy squadron to all subordinate ships that were in good working order , of which there were a total of twelve (two battleships, the same number of fifty-gun frigates and eight forty-gun frigates). The enterprise was headed (unofficially) by Ushakov.
Cartouche on the monument to Ushakov
And already on July 2, the Turkish fleet, which had numerical (ten thousand people against four thousand) and fire (one thousand one hundred guns against five hundred and fifty with the power of a single shot of 410 pounds against 160) superiority, was in sight, but the Russian spirit, despite this, just eager to fight. The next day, as soon as dawn broke, a hot battle began, which lasted until five o’clock in the afternoon, when the Turkish squadron fled following the broken karma of the flagship of Captain Pasha Hassan with significant losses, while there were not a single killed on the Russian ships.
Then there will be victories in the Battle of Krechensk (July 8, 1790), at Cape Tendra (August 28, 1790) and Kaliakria (July 31, 1791), the rank of admiral and the post of commander of the Black Sea Fleet, the successes of the Mediterranean campaign and the laurels of one of the participants in the creation of the Republic of the Seven Islands, but that first major victory of Ushakov near the island of Fidonisi illuminated his life with an admiral’s star.
The monument to the person who did so much for the entire Russian fleet in general, and for the Black Sea fleet in particular, was erected on the Sevastopol square bearing his name, in honor of the celebration of the city’s bicentenary.
Architecture
The monument to Fyodor Fedorovich Ushakov at the origins of the Historical Boulevard was born as the fruit of the joint efforts of talented architects and sculptors Chizh, Kuzminsky and Gladkov. The severity of the lines of the bust on a high pedestal (the total height of the monument is 4.35 m) in a ceremonial uniform with precious witnesses of his victories - crosses and stars - is emphasized by the final expressive touch of the pedestal - a cartouche with a laconic inscription “To Admiral Ushakov”.
Additional Information
Location: Ukraine, Crimea, Sevastopol, sq. Ushakova.
How to get there
By road along the E105 (M26) highway (Kharkov - Dnepropetrovsk - Zaporozhye - Melitopol - Dzhankoy - Simferopol - Sevastopol) or (M18) (Simferopol - Yalta - Sevastopol). At the Yalta ring, turn onto Balaklavskoe highway. Then follow: General Ostryakov Avenue - st. Marshala Biryuzova - st. Nikolay Muzyki - st. 4th bastion – pl. Ushakova.
By public transport to Sevastopol stations (railway, car). Then take public transport to the city center - stop “Ushakov Square”, where the monument to the admiral is located.
The life of the outstanding Russian naval commander Fyodor Fedorovich Ushakov February 13 (24), 1744 - October 2 (15), 1817 is closely connected with the Black Sea Fleet and Sevastopol.
In 1766, the twenty-two-year-old officer, upon graduating from the Naval Cadet Corps, was assigned to the Baltic Fleet. Three years later he was transferred to the Don (Azov) flotilla, took part in the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774, then was again sent to the Baltic Fleet. In June 1783, when the construction of ships for the young Black Sea Fleet began in Kherson, F. F. Ushakov was entrusted with ensuring the successful completion of this work.
In 1785, Captain 1st Rank F.F. Ushakov became the commander of one of the newly built ships - “St. Paul". On this ship in the same year he arrived in Sevastopol. "St. Pavel" dropped anchor at a small cape in the Southern Bay, which later became known as Pavlovsky. The sailors built a small pier and barracks on the cape.
At the beginning of the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791. battleship "St. Pavel" under the command of Ushakov distinguished himself in battle.
In April 1789, F. F. Ushakov was promoted to rear admiral and appointed commander of the Sevastopol squadron, and the following year - chief commander of the Black Sea Fleet and ports. He paid a lot of attention to the construction of Sevastopol: on his initiative, barracks, warehouses, a hospital were built, and the Admiralty was strengthened. By order of Ushakov, a garden was laid out in the ravine on the Korabelnaya side, which received his name, for the recreation of lower ranks.
The history of the Russian navy will forever include the brilliant victories won by the Black Sea Fleet squadron under the command of F. F. Ushakov: at the island of Fidonisi, in the Kerch naval battle, at the Tendra Spit, at Cape Kaliakria and during the capture of the fortress of Corfu. Here, the talent, outstanding organizational skills, skillful use of new maneuver tactics, the personal courage of Rear Admiral F. F. Ushakov and the excellent combat training of the Black Sea sailors were demonstrated. In educating his subordinates, Ushakov adhered to Suvorov’s principles.
One of the glorious pages of the biography of the outstanding naval commander is connected with the Mediterranean campaign of 1798-1800, when he proved himself as a skilled politician and diplomat. Under his leadership, the Russians liberated the Ionian Islands, especially distinguishing themselves in the capture of the heavily fortified island of Corfu. Having learned about this victory, Suvorov exclaimed with delight: “Hurray for Ushakov! Why wasn’t I at least a midshipman at Corfu!”
Ushakov's squadron returned to Sevastopol with glory, but the merits of the naval commander were not appreciated by the government of Alexander I: the admiral was soon transferred to a secondary position in the Baltic Fleet and retired in 1807.
Our country has not forgotten the outstanding achievements of this remarkable naval commander: his name was assigned to Russian and Soviet combat ships. During the Great Patriotic War, on March 3, 1944, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR established the military order of Ushakov of two degrees and the Ushakov medal.
One of the first to receive the Order of Ushakov, 1st degree, was the commander of the submarine brigade of the Black Sea Fleet, Rear Admiral P. M. Boltunov, and the commander of the Black Sea Fleet Air Force, Lieutenant General of Aviation V. V. Ermachenkov. Many participants in the battles for Sevastopol were awarded the Ushakov Order and Medal.
The capital of the Black Sea sailors preserves for posterity the memory of the outstanding naval commander. One of the oldest squares in the city is named after him. During the celebration of the 200th anniversary of Sevastopol, a monument to Fyodor Fedorovich Ushakov was unveiled here. This is a chest-to-chest image of the famous naval commander in ceremonial uniform, with awards received for victories in naval battles.
The bust of F. F. Ushakov is installed on a high pedestal. On the front side there is a cartouche with the inscription: “To Admiral Ushakov.” The authors of the monument are sculptor S. A. Chizh, architects G. G. Kuzminsky and A. S. Gladkov. The total height of the monument is 4.35 m.
On March 3, 1944, in recognition of the admiral’s merits, the Ushakov Military Order of two degrees and the Ushakov Medal were established. At the same time, a decision was made to build a monument to him in Sevastopol, and the sculptor Popov began developing the project. But the city lay in ruins, and the creation of the monument was postponed. In October 1954, Commune Square was named after Ushakov, and a foundation stone was installed in its center, stating that a monument to Admiral Ushakov would be erected here on the 150th anniversary of his death. Negotiations were held to transfer the remains of the naval commander from the Sanaksar monastery in the Temnikovsky region of Mordovia to Sevastopol and rebury them in the tomb of the Vladimir Cathedral.
But only during the celebration of the 200th anniversary of Sevastopol on June 29, 1983, at the entrance to the Historical Boulevard, the monument was opened. The authors of the project are sculptor S.A. Chizh, architects A.S. Gladkov and G.G. Kuzminsky. The sculptor took as a basis a portrait created by anthropologist M.M. Gerasimov.
On a vertical pedestal mounted on a granite stylobate is a bronze bust of the admiral. On the bronze cartouche there is the inscription: “Admiral Ushakov 1744-1817.” The architectural design of the pedestal is based on a combination of modern forms with classical elements of the monuments of the first defense of Sevastopol. The total height is 4.35 meters.
On the occasion of the 250th anniversary of the admiral’s birth, on the initiative of the command of the Black Sea Fleet, another monument to F.F. was created. Ushakov. The author of the project is sculptor G.A. Chernienko (St. Petersburg). It took a long time to choose the place for its installation, mainly on Ushakov Square, and the existing bust of the naval commander was proposed to be moved to Primorsky Boulevard or to the territory of the Sevastopol Higher Naval Engineering School in Holland...
The monument was erected in 1991 in the courtyard of the Black Sea Fleet headquarters building, where it fit perfectly into the architectural and spatial composition of its cozy courtyard. The pedestal project was developed by Honored Architect of Ukraine A.L. Schaeffer.
The bronze sculpture of the admiral is mounted on a tetrahedral diorite pedestal. F.F. Ushakov is depicted in a free pose, in a ceremonial admiral's uniform with a high collar, an order ribbon over his shoulder and orders on his chest. In the right lowered hand is a telescope, on the left hip is a broadsword. On the front cartouche the text “To Admiral F.F. Ushakov. Red Banner Black Sea Fleet 1990”, on the sides there are images of sailing ships and the names of the places where the admiral won brilliant victories: “Corfu 1799, Kali Akria 1791, Tendra 1790”. The height of the sculpture is 3.5 meters, the total height is 5 meters.
It remains to add that in 2001, by the decision of the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, the righteous warrior Theodore Ushakov was canonized and canonized as a saint of the Saransk Diocese. A part of his relics was transferred to the temple-monument of St. Nicholas at the Fraternal Cemetery of the Defenders of Sevastopol 1854 -1855. And in the area of Pobeda Avenue in March 2002, a temple was founded on a hill in the name of the righteous Holy Warrior Fyodor Ushakov.
