The most famous pilots. Olympiad on the history of aviation and aeronautics Cool head, warm heart

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Chkalov V P.

Soviet pilot, brigade commander. Hero of the Soviet Union (1936). Since 1919 in the Red Army. He studied at the Yegoryevsk Military Theoretical School of Pilots (1921-22), completed a full course at the Borisoglebsk School of Military Pilots (1922-23), studied at the Moscow Military Aviation School of Aerobatics and at the same time graduated from the Serpukhov Higher

Aviation school of shooting, bombing and air combat (1923-24).
Pilot-
tester at the Air Force Research Institute (1930-33), experimental and experimental designs plant (1933-35). Chkalov tested over 70 types of aircraft (I-15, -16, -180, VIT-2, NV-1), developed and introduced new aerobatic maneuvers: an upward spin and a slow roll. Together with G.F. Baidukov and A.V. Belyakov, he flew: Moscow - o. Udd (now Chkalov Island), 1936; Moscow - North Pole - Vancouver (USA), 1937. Member of the USSR Supreme Council since 1937. Awarded 2 Orders of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner, and a medal.
Died on December 15, 1938 while testing the I-180-1 fighter. This was the first flight of a fighter designed by N.N. Polikarpov, which was supposed to replace the famous but aging I-16. The flight was prepared in a terrible hurry - to be done before the end of the year. Polikarpov even refused to sign the certificate of readiness of the plane for the first flight. On this day the frost was 24o C. Already during the landing approach, the M-88 engine, not equipped with frontal louvres, became overcooled and, when trying to change its operating mode, stalled. Chkalov tried to make it to the airfield. But already on the way, seeing that the plane would not fly through the residential barracks where there could be people, Chkalov turned away and crashed with the center section into a high-voltage support... During the collision, the pilot was thrown out of the cockpit along with the steering wheel in a half-bent state. While falling, he hit his head on a protruding rail and broke his cerebellum. 2 hours later he died in the Botkin hospital without regaining consciousness.

Probably, when calculating the landing approach, Chkalov did not take into account that the I-180, unlike the Donkey, was equipped with a VISH-3E variable-pitch propeller. Since the rotation mechanism was not completed, the propeller blades were fixed in the small pitch position. And after stopping the engine, the propeller turned into a powerful brake... In addition, the landing gear, which was not retractable in the first flight, was locked - Chkalov would not have been able to retract it.
As later confirmed by official tests of the M-88 engine on a machine in May 1939, it “has no response from idle gas at different thermal states.” Those. when quickly moving the engine control lever from low throttle (low speed) to increasing speed (when giving gas), regardless of the temperature, the M-88 engine stopped.
An urn with Chkalov's ashes is installed in the Kremlin wall. Cities in the Nizhny Novgorod region of Russia and the Khujan region of Tajikistan, the Higher Aviation School of Pilots in Orenburg, the Central Aero Club, and aircraft factories in Tashkent and Novosibirsk are named after him. There is Chkalova Street in Canada, in Vancouver. The city of Orenburg from 1938 to 1957 bore the name Chkalov (although Chkalov was never here).

Amet-Khan Sultan
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Honored Test Pilot of the USSR, Lieutenant Colonel.
Born on October 20, 1920 in the city of Alupka (Crimea). Graduated from FZU. He worked as a mechanic repairing steam locomotives at the Simferopol depot. In 1938 he graduated from the Simferopol Aero Club. He served in the army since 1939. In 1940 he graduated from the Kachin VASHL. Served in combat units of the Air Force. Participant of the Great Patriotic War: in June 1941 - October 1942 - pilot, flight commander, deputy air force commander, air force commander of the 4th Fighter Aviation Regiment (Southwestern Front, Yaroslavl Air Defense, Voronezh and Stalingrad Fronts); in October 1942-May 1945 - commander of the Air Force, assistant commander of the 9th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (8th Air Army). He made 603 combat missions, conducted 150 air battles, in which he personally shot down 30 and as part of a group 19 enemy aircraft.
In 1945-1946 he studied at the Air Force Academy (now named after Yu.A. Gagarin). Since 1946 - in reserve. On trial work at LII since February 1947.
Performed the first flight and tested a manned analogue of the KS projectile aircraft (Kometa-3), NM-1. Conducted tests: LL-1 and LL-2, I-320 (“R-2”), SI-10, SM-20; tests to test the aircraft refueling system using the “wing to wing” method; testing of the R-15-300 engine on the Tu-16LL.
Died on February 1, 1971 while performing a test flight on a Tu-16LL.
Lived in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region. He was buried in Moscow, at the Novodevichy cemetery. Laureate of the USSR State Prize. Awarded 3 Orders of Lenin, 4 Orders of the Red Banner, Order of Alexander Nevsky, Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, Order of the Red Star, Order of the Badge of Honor, medals.
Streets in Alupka, Volgograd, Zhukovsky, Makhachkala, and a mountain peak in Dagestan are named after him. A bronze bust of S. Amet-Khan was installed in Alupka; in Zhukovsky, on the street named after him there is a memorial plaque.

Terentyev Andrey Grigorievich
Born in 1911. In 1933 he graduated with honors from the Morlet School (HSML) named after. I.V. Stalin. In 1934 he was awarded the military rank of lieutenant. In 1937, he received the task of conducting bombing test flights (PAB-100 on an MBR-2 aircraft). In 1938, Terentyev entered the Air Force Academy. NOT. Zhukovsky. During the war, he tested the La-5, Yak-9T, Yak-9B aircraft.
From 1945-1946 he conducted six state tests of various types of aircraft. He flew the MiG-9 and the German Me-262, and the leading test pilot of the La-134.
In February 1947, “for the development of new aviation technology” he was awarded the second Order of the Red Banner. On August 18, 1947, he took part in the parade in Tushino on a La-9F aircraft. Tests of La-168 and La-174TK, reaching speeds of 1000 km/h. During 1948-49 - tests of fourteen types of modified and production aircraft. At the end of 1949 - tests of the Mig-17. 1950 - achievement of speed M-1.06 on the MiG-15 aircraft. On October 13, 1950, by Order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force No. 0530, Terentyev was awarded the flight qualification “Military Test Pilot 1st Class.” 1956 - tests of the experimental An-8 airborne transport aircraft. On February 7, 1957, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, he was once again awarded the Order of the Red Banner for his courage and bravery in the performance of his official duty. On October 7, 1959, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Terentyev was awarded the title “Honored Test Pilot of the USSR.”
1961 - five tests of the An-12 airborne transport aircraft. Two years later he was awarded the rank of major general of the engineering and technical service. 1971 - leading engineer, test pilot. He has the rank of Major General ITS.
Honorary title "Honored Test Pilot of the USSR".
Has 4 Orders of the Red Banner, Order of the Patriotic War II degree, 3 Orders of the Red Star, Medal "For Courage", Candidate of Technical Sciences.

Garnaev Yuri Alexandrovich
Hero of the Soviet Union, Honored Test Pilot of the USSR, captain. Born on December 17, 1917 in the city of Balashov, Saratov region. Since 1934 he lived in the village of Lopasnya (now the city of Chekhov) in the Moscow region. He worked as a turner at a mechanical plant. In 1936 he graduated from the 3rd year of the Podolsk Industrial College. In 1936-1938 - turner at the Lianozovsky carriage repair plant. In 1938 he graduated from the Mytishchi flying club.
In the army since 1938. In 1939 he graduated from the Engels VASHL. Served in combat units of the Air Force. In 1940-1942 - pilot-instructor of the Transbaikal VASHL (Ulan-Ude). From 1942 he again served in combat units of the Air Force.
Participant in the Soviet-Japanese War: in August-September 1945 - navigator of the 718th Fighter Aviation Regiment (Trans-Baikal Front); flew 20 combat missions.
In 1945 he was repressed. Until 1948 he worked as a turner, technologist, and senior dispatcher at the Ministry of Internal Affairs plant in the city of Voroshilov (now the city of Ussuriysk) in the Primorsky Territory; in 1948 he was the head of the NKVD club in the city of Norilsk. In 1949-1950 he worked at the LII as a technologist. In 1950-1951 - head of the Strela club (Zhukovsky).
In January-December 1951 - test parachutist at the LII. 07/14/1951 performed the first ejection in a spacesuit in the country.
Since December 1951 - on flight test work at the LII. In 1953 he graduated from the test pilot courses at the ShLI.
Performed the first flight and tested the "Turbolet" (1957). Tested: Mi-3 in autorotation (1954); experienced autopilots on the Mi-4 (1957); tests for shooting blades on the Mi-4 (1958); testing the MiG-21F at maximum speed; testing a number of experimental engines on fighter aircraft; means of rescue; Mi-6 power plant; Tu-16 and An-10 for stalling (1960); Tu-104 for weightlessness modes; testing of spacesuits on the MiG-15, Il-28, Tu-14 (1951-1953). Participated in testing the Yak-24 (1953-1955), Mi-10 (1959) and testing the wing refueling of the Tu-16 (1956).
In 1962 he made the first flight on the first domestic rotorcraft Ka-22, then carried out further tests until 1964.
He died on August 6, 1967 on a Mi-6PZh helicopter while extinguishing a forest fire in the Marseille area [La Rove (France)].
Lived in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region. He was buried in Moscow, at the Novodevichy cemetery.
He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, the Red Banner of Labor, and medals.
Streets in Balashov, Zhukovsky, Ulan-Ude, and Feodosia are named after Gargaev. In Zhukovsky, on the house where he lived, and in Balashov, on the school that bears his name, memorial plaques are installed. A monument was erected in the city of La Rove (France).

Gudkov Oleg Vasilievich

Hero of the Soviet Union, test pilot 1st class, major.
Born on February 13, 1931 in the city of Armavir, Krasnodar Territory. In 1949 he graduated from the Stavropol Suvorov Military School.
In the army since 1949. In 1952 he graduated from the Borisoglebsk VAUL and the Higher Officer Aviation Instructor School (Grozny). Left as an instructor pilot at the Borisoglebsk VAUL. Since 1957 - in reserve. In 1958 he graduated from the Test Pilot School, in 1966 - MAI. Since 1958 - on flight test work at the Flight Research Institute, he was deputy head of the Flight Research Center for the flight department.
He took to the skies and tested the MiG-21I ("Analog") (04/18/1968), tested the MiG-21F-13 in a spin, participated in tests of the MiG-21, MiG-23, MiG-25.
Died on October 4, 1973 during a test flight on a MiG-25P.
Lived in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region. He was buried in the city of Zhukovsky, at the Bykovsky cemetery. A street in the city of Zhukovsky is named after him.

Popovich Marina Lavrentievna
Test pilot 1st class, engineer-colonel, candidate of technical sciences.
She graduated from SHLI in 1964.
The only pilot in the world who set 101 world records on various types of aircraft. Winner of 5 international awards, including the Gold and Silver medals named after S.P. Korolev, diplomas named after Paul Tisandier, Yu.A. Gagarin and the FAI Grand Gold Medal (this medal is awarded for outstanding world achievements and contributions to aviation science and technology). She tested the AN-22 Antey aircraft and many other models.
Grandfather Sergey Grigorievich
Honored Test Pilot of the USSR. Born in 1919. In 1927 he goes to school. After school he entered the Faculty of Chemistry at the Institute of Technology. In the spring of 1939, he signed up for the Kirov Aero Club in Moscow. In the fall of 1942 he transferred to a combat regiment. February 23 - first combat flight on an R-5 aircraft. After which he made many combat missions on various missions.
After the war he became a test pilot. Mastered 114 types and modifications of airplanes and helicopters, conducted about 100 serious tests.
He has the title "Honored Test Pilot of the USSR", Candidate of Technical Sciences, Major General of Aviation, has numerous awards and certificates of the CPSU Central Committee.

Nazaryan Valentin Vazgenovich
Test pilot 1st class, captain. Born on April 5, 1947 in the village of Kirants, Ijevan region (Armenia). He spent his childhood and youth in the city of Kafan (Armenia). In 1966 he graduated from the 1st year of Yerevan State University. In the army since 1966. In 1970 he graduated from the Chernigov VVAUL. Served in combat units of the Air Force. Since 1974 - in reserve. In 1976 he graduated from the Test Pilot School.
From May 1976 to June 1984 - on flight test work at the LII. Since 1981 - instructor pilot at the ShLI, in 1982-1984 - deputy head of the ShLI for the flight department.
Conducted a large amount of test work on the Yak-38; participated in work on other fighter aircraft on the topics of the institute. In 1984-1985 he worked at LII as a leading engineer. Lived in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region. Since 1985 he lived in Yerevan, Nizhny Novgorod, currently lives in the city of Sochi, Krasnodar Territory.
Awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and medals.
Popov Leonid Steranovich
Hero of Russia (1994), Honored test navigator of the USSR (1984). Born in Kazan. In 1963 he graduated from the Kazan Aviation Institute. From 1962 to 1965 worked at the Sokol aircraft plant, 1965-1985. - at the Gromov Flight Research Institute. In flight work since 1966, in 1971 he graduated from the navigation department of the MAP Test Pilot School. Mastered about 80 types of aircraft. Since 1985 he has been working at ANTK MiG as a senior test navigator.
(navigator)
Gorbunov Vladimir Mikhailovich
Honored Test Pilot of the USSR (1989), Hero of Russia (1992). Born in Vyatskie Polyany, Kirov region. He graduated from the Kachinsky VVAUL in 1968, served in combat units until 1973. In 1974 he graduated from the Test Pilot Training Center in Akhtubinsk, and until 1982 he was a test pilot at the State Air Force Research Institute named after Chkalov.
Until 1991, test pilot at the LII, then test pilot at the Mikoyan Design Bureau. Since 1991, member of the International Association of Test Pilots. Chief pilot of OKB since 1997

Rimas Stankevicius
Honored Test Pilot of the USSR, Lieutenant Colonel.
Born on July 26, 1944 in the city of Marijampole (Lithuania). In the army since 1962. In 1966 he graduated from the Chernigov VVAUL. Served in combat units of the Air Force.
Participant in hostilities in Egypt in March 1971 - April 1972.
Since 1973 - in reserve. In 1975 he graduated from ShLI. Since May 1975 - on flight test work at the LII. Conducted a number of tests on fighter aircraft. Participated in spin tests of the MiG-29.
As a co-pilot, he participated in: the first flight of BTS-002 (Atmospheric analogue of Buran), the first automatic landing of BTS-002, the first fully automatic flight of BTS-002. In 1980 he graduated from the Cosmonaut Training Center. Since 1980 - test cosmonaut of OKPKI (since 1988 - deputy head of OKPKI).
As part of the training program for space flight on the Buran, he tested the manual control system and automatic landing system on the Tu-154LL and MiG-25LL, equipped with the Buran control system. He died on September 9, 1990 while performing a demonstration flight on a Su-27 at the Salgaredo airfield (Italy). Lived in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region. He was buried in the city of Kaunas (Lithuania).
Awarded the Order of the Red Star and medals.

Pugachev Viktor Georgievich

Hero of the Soviet Union, Honored Test Pilot of the USSR), Colonel.
Born on August 8, 1948 in the city of Taganrog, Rostov region. In the army since 1966. In 1970 he graduated from the Yeisk VVAUL and remained there as an instructor pilot. Since 1977 - in reserve.
In 1978 he graduated from ShLI, in 1980 - from the Moscow Aviation Institute.
From December 1978 to October 1980 - on flight test work at the LII. Conducted a number of test works on the MiG-23, MiG-25, Su-15, Su-24, Tu-16LL on the topics of the institute.
Since 1980 - test pilot of the P.O. Design Bureau. Sukhoi. Made the first flight and tested the Su-27K, Su-27KUB; participated in tests of Su-25, Su-27, Su-33, Su-35, Su-34. On November 1, 1989, for the first time in the country, he landed an aircraft on the deck of an aircraft-carrying cruiser (on a Su-27K). He set 12 world aviation records on the Su-27: in 1986 - 7 climb rate records, in 1990 - 1 climb rate record, in 1993 - 4 climb rate and payload records.
Lives in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region. Works as deputy chief designer of the P.O. Sukhoi Design Bureau for flight testing.
Awarded the Order of Lenin, “For Services to the Fatherland” 3rd degree, “Badge of Honor”, medals

Beschastnov Alexander Georgievich
Posthumous Hero of the Russian Federation, Honored Test Pilot of the Russian Federation, Senior Lieutenant.
Born on April 14, 1957 in the city of Irkutsk. In the army since 1974. In 1978 he graduated from the Kachinsky VVAUL. Served in combat units of the Air Force. Since 1985 - in reserve. In 1986 he graduated from ShLI.
Since July 1986 - on flight test work at the LII.
Conducted a number of test work on fighter aircraft and heavy aircraft. Participated in tests of the M-55 aircraft.
He died on September 12, 2001 during a test flight on the M-101T Gzhel aircraft. Lived in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region. He was buried in the village of Ostrovtsy, Ramensky district, Moscow region.
Awarded medals.

Aubakirov Toktar Ongarbaevich
Hero of the Soviet Union, Honored Test Pilot of the USSR, Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR, Major General of Aviation, National Hero of Kazakhstan, Candidate of Technical Sciences.
Born on July 27, 1946 in the village of the collective farm named after May 1st, Karkaraly district, Karaganda region (Kazakhstan). He worked as a turner at a foundry and mechanical plant in the city of Temirtau, Karaganda region. In 1965 he graduated from the Karaganda Aviation Training Center.
In the army since 1965. In 1969 he graduated from the Armavir VVAUL. Served in combat units of the Air Force. Since 1975 - in reserve. In 1976 he graduated from ShLI, in 1979 from MAI. In 1976 - test pilot at the Ulan-Udinsky aircraft plant; tested serial MiG-27.
From August 1976 to September 1991 - on flight test work at the A.I. Mikoyan Design Bureau. He took to the skies and tested the MiG-29 (“9-14”) (02/13/1985), MiG-31M/2 (“052”), MiG-29M/2, MiG-29K (“9-31”), MiG-31B. Participated in tests of MiG-23, MiG-25, MiG-27, MiG-29, MiG-31 and their modifications; conducted tests on refueling the MiG-31. On November 1, 1989, the MiG-29K took off for the first time in the country from the deck of an aircraft-carrying cruiser. On October 3-10, 1991, he made a space flight on board the Soyuz TM-12 spacecraft and the Mir orbital complex. Since 1992 - First Deputy Chairman of the State Defense Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Since 1993 - General Director of the National Aerospace Agency of Kazakhstan. Currently, he is Advisor to the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Defense, Defense Industry and Space. Lives in Astana (Kazakhstan).
He was awarded the Order of Lenin, the October Revolution, the Badge of Honor, medals, and a foreign order.

Kvochur Anatoly Nikolaevich
Hero of the Russian Federation, Honored Test Pilot of the USSR, Major. Born on April 16, 1952 in the village of Mazurovka, Chernevetsky district, Vinnytsia region (Ukraine). In the army since 1969. In 1973 he graduated from the Yeisk VVAUL. Served in combat units of the Air Force. Since 1977 - in reserve. In 1978 he graduated from ShLI, in 1981 - from the Moscow Aviation Institute, in 1999 - from the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation.
In 1978-1981 - test pilot at the Komsomolsk-on-Amur aircraft plant; tested production Su-17 and its modifications.
In 1981-1991 - test pilot of the A.I. Mikoyan Design Bureau. Conducted tests of MiG-29K, MiG-31D; participated in tests of MiG-23, MiG-25, MiG-27, MiG-29, MiG-31 and their modifications.
Since March 1991 - on flight test work at the LII. Since 1995 - Deputy Head of LII. Conducted a large amount of testing on fighter aircraft to practice in-flight refueling day and night; on developing techniques for conducting air combat. Participated in testing various new aircraft equipment on the Su-27 and Su-30. Author of 2 copyright certificates.
Since December 1996 - President of the state unitary enterprise "Pilot Research Center". Conducted a large number of flight research and tests in the areas of ergonomics and satellite radio navigation. During this work, he performed a number of ultra-long flights on the Su-27 and Su-30 (including to the Arctic Ocean, including a flight over the North Pole). Developer of the ideology and layout of the cockpit of the latest generation fighter aircraft (“glass cockpit”).
Lives in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow region.
Awarded the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 3rd degree, Red Banner of Labor.

Akhrameev Vasily Ivanovich
Glider pilot, amateur pilot. After graduating from the Faculty of Aeromechanics and Flight Technology of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) in 1985, he worked at the Leningrad Institute named after. MM. Gromova. In 1988, after graduating from graduate school at MIPT, he defended his PhD thesis on problems of aerodynamics, stability and controllability of aircraft in critical flight conditions at high angles of attack.
Since 1991, director of the Wings of Russia partnership at the Leningrad Institute named after. MM. Gromova. Since 1993 - experimental engineer, deputy. Head of the industry complex for training test cosmonauts.
Since 1995 - Deputy Head of LII.
Garnaev Alexander Yurievich
Test pilot first class.
In 1981 he graduated from the Armavir Higher Military Pilot School. He served in a fighter aviation regiment.
In 1987 he graduated from the School of Test Pilots (SHLI), after which he worked as a test pilot at the Design Bureau named after. A.I. Mikoyan.
In 1989 he graduated from the flight testing department of the Moscow Aviation Institute.
In 1993 - postgraduate studies at the Research Institute of Aviation Equipment.
Since 1991, he has been actively participating in international air shows and air shows, as well as in the development of various types of aviation business.
Since 1994 - test pilot at the Flight Research Institute named after. MM. Gromova.

Tolboev Magomed Omarovich
Date of birth: 01/20/1951
Place of birth: Dagestan, Gunib district, Sogratl village, Avarets
1969-1973 Yeisk Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots. 1973-1980 Service in the Air Force of the USSR Ministry of Defense.
1980-1981 Test pilot school of the USSR MAP.
1981-1984 Moscow Aviation Institute.
1984-1986 TsPK im. Yu.A. Gagarin.
1981-1993 Test pilot, test cosmonaut of the USSR Ministry of Aviation Administration.
1993-1995 Deputy Chairman of the Committee on Industry, Transport, Energy of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. 1999-2000 Chief of Aviation of the Moscow Military District of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Awards: "Golden Star", Hero of Russia, Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the USSR, Honored Test Pilot of the Russian Federation. Represented to the Order "For Services to the Fatherland" III degree Scientific degree: Graduated from graduate school at the University of Peoples' Friendship, Candidate of Historical Sciences - 1995, "Interethnic relations in the Republic of Dagestan in the period 1985-1995 and the prospects for their development."
Social work: Honorary President of the International Aviation and Space Salon - "MAKS". 1999-2000 Head of Aviation of the Moscow District of Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Since 1999 Honorary President of the Wushu-San-Da Federation of Moscow

Gromov Mikhail Mikhailovich

Born on February 12 (24), 1899 in the city of Tver. As a child, he lived in the cities of Kaluga, Rzhev, Tver Region, and the village of Losinoostrovsky (now within the boundaries of Moscow). Graduated from the Moscow Real School. From 1910 he was engaged in aircraft modeling. From 1916 he studied at the Imperial Higher Technical School (now MVTU). In 1917 he graduated from N.E. Zhukovsky’s aviation theoretical courses at the VTU.

In the army since 1917. In 1918 he graduated from the Moscow Flight School and remained there as an instructor pilot.

Participant in the Civil War: in November 1919-November 1920 - pilot of the 29th reconnaissance squadron (Eastern Front), pilot of the 2nd aviation wing of the Priural sector of the internal security forces; flew reconnaissance, scattered leaflets and appeals.

In 1920-1922 - instructor pilot at the Moscow Aviation School, in 1922-1924 - head of the combat use department of the 1st Higher Aviation School (Moscow). In 1924 he was temporarily seconded as an instructor pilot and detachment commander to the Serpukhov Higher School of Air Combat, Shooting and Bombing.
In 1923 he became the USSR heavyweight champion in weightlifting.

Since June 1924 - test pilot at the Scientific Experimental Airdrome (VVS Research Institute). He took to the skies and tested the U-2, I-3, I-4, I-4bis aircraft; conducted state tests of R-3, I-1, TB-1. On June 23, 1927, when testing the I-1 for a spin, he performed a forced parachute jump from an airplane for the first time in the country.

Performed a number of long-distance flights:

From June 10 to July 13, 1925, on a P-1 plane with flight mechanic E.V. Rodzevich, he took part in a group flight from Moscow to Beijing. A distance of 6476 km was covered in 52 flight hours.

August 30 - September 2, 1925, on a P-1 plane with flight mechanic E.V. Rodzevich, he flew from Beijing to Tokyo.

On August 31 - September 2, 1926, on an ANT-3 Proletary aircraft with flight mechanic E.V. Rodzevich, he made a circular flight Moscow - Königsberg - Berlin - Paris - Rome - Vienna - Warsaw - Moscow. 7150 km covered in 34 hours 15 minutes of flight time.
July 10 - August 8, 1929 on the ANT-9 "Wings of the Soviets" aircraft with flight mechanic V.P. Rusakov made a circular flight Moscow - Berlin - Paris - Rome - Marseille - Nevers - London - Paris - Berlin - Warsaw - Moscow. A distance of 9037 km was covered in 53 hours of flight time.

Since April 1930 - test pilot and commander of the TsAGI squadron. He took to the skies and tested almost all the aircraft of the A.N. Tupolev Design Bureau, created in the 1930s - passenger ANT-9, ANT-14, ANT-20 "Maxim Gorky", ANT-35, reconnaissance aircraft R-6, R -7, TB-3, TB-4, ANT-42 (Pe-8) bombers, as well as a number of experimental aircraft - ANT-13, ANT-25, BOK-15 and others.

On September 12-15, 1934, on an ANT-25 aircraft (co-pilot - A.I. Filin, navigator - I.T. Spirin) made a long flight lasting 75 hours, during which a record aircraft flight range was achieved - 12411 km.
For the execution of the flight and the courage and heroism shown during this process, on September 28, 1934, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

On July 12-14, 1937, on an ANT-25 aircraft (co-pilot - A.B. Yumashev, navigator - S.A. Danilin) made a non-stop flight Moscow - North Pole - San Jacinto (USA) with a length of 10.148 km in a straight line (flight time - 62 hours 17 minutes). 3 world aviation flight range records were set. The entire crew (the first among domestic aviators) was awarded de Lavaux medals (FAI awards).

In 1940-1941 - head of the Scientific and Technical Group of the NKAP. Since March 1941 - head of the Flight Research Institute (its first director). In August-December 1941 he was on a government trip to the United States regarding the acquisition of American aircraft.

Participant of the Great Patriotic War: from December 1941 - commander of the 31st mixed aviation division (Kalinin Front); from February 1942 - commander of the Kalinin Front Air Force. In May 1942 - May 1943 - commander of the 3rd Air Army, created at the Kalinin Front Air Force base. The air army, as part of the Kalinin and Northwestern fronts, participated in the defensive operation in the area of the city of Bely, in the Rzhevsko-Sychevskaya, Velikolukskaya, Rzhevsko-Vyazemskaya operations. From May 1943 - commander of the 1st Air Army. The army under his command, as part of the Western and 3rd Belorussian fronts, participated in the Oryol, Spas-Demensk and Smolensk operations, and attacked railway junctions in the Vitebsk and Orsha directions.

Since June 1944 - Head of the Main Directorate of Combat Training of Front-line Aviation of the Air Force. In 1946-1949 - Deputy Commander of Long-Range Aviation.

In 1949-1954 - Head of the Flight Service Directorate of the Ministry of Aviation Industry, in 1954-1955 - Head of the Flight Service Department of the Ministry of Aviation Industry. Since 1955 - in reserve.

In 1959-1961 - Chairman of the USSR Weightlifting Federation.

Colonel General of Aviation (1944), Honored Pilot of the USSR (1925), Honored Master of Sports of the USSR (1969), Professor (1937), Test Pilot 1st Class (1940). Awarded 4 Orders of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution, 4 Orders of the Red Banner, Order of Suvorov 2nd degree, Order of the Patriotic War 1st degree, 3 Orders of the Red Star, medals, foreign awards. Recipient of the FAI award - the de Lavaux medal (1937).

The Flight Research Institute (Zhukovsky) bears his name, on the territory of which his bust is installed. A street in Moscow and a square in Zhukovsky are named after him.

M.M. Gromov set 3 world aviation flight range records (1 of them is absolute).

Grigory Yakovlevich Bakhchivandzhi

Born on February 20, 1909 in the village of Brynkovskaya, Krasnodar Territory. In early childhood, the family moved to Zhdanov (now Mariupol).

“For the heroism and dedication shown during the testing of the first Soviet aircraft with jet engines, posthumously award the title of Hero of the Soviet Union to test pilot Captain Bakhchivandzhi Grigory Yakovlevich.” This is the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated April 28, 1973.

Grigory Bakhchivandzhi entered the Great Patriotic War against the Nazi invaders as part of the 402nd Special Purpose Fighter Aviation Regiment, formed from test pilots. In less than a month and a half, the brave pilot managed to complete 65 combat missions, demonstrating exceptional courage and fearlessness, and the highest art of combat. Gregory personally shot down 5 fascist vultures and participated in the destruction of five others together with his comrades.

In August 1941, squadron commander Grigory Bakhchivandzhi was recalled to test work. The design bureau was then creating a new type of interceptor aircraft - with a liquid jet engine. Gregory was entrusted with testing this car.

And then came the day of May 15, 1942, which was destined to become the birthday of Soviet rocket aviation. From the very morning, the designers, Gregory's comrades in aircraft testing, and members of the state commission were tensely awaiting the moment when takeoff would be allowed. The mechanics did not leave the car, checking each unit again and again. At 19:00 Moscow time, Bakhchivandzhi took the plane into the sky...

And after a certain time, Grigory Yakovlevich, as they say, gracefully landed the plane, and immediately fell into the arms of friends who congratulated him on his wonderful victory: the first flight of a man on a rocket plane with a liquid jet engine. For this achievement, Grigory Bakhchivandzhi was awarded the highest government award - the Order of Lenin.

Then there were many more flights.

On March 27, 1943, during the next test, the pilot of the BI fighter reached a speed of more than 800 kilometers per hour. This was man's first encounter with the sound barrier. And the first victim on the way to overcoming it...

Grigory Bakhchivandzhi died at 34 years old. He died paving the way for humanity into something new. The first space explorer, pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR Yuri Gagarin, noted: “Without the flight of Grigory Bakhchivandzhi, perhaps April 12, 1961 would not have happened.”

Eduard Vaganovich Elyan

Hero of the Soviet Union (04/26/1971), Honored Test Pilot of the USSR (09/20/1967), Colonel.
Born on August 20, 1926 in the city of Baku (Azerbaijan). In 1938-1944 he lived in Norilsk, Moscow, Sverdlovsk. In 1944 he graduated from the Sverdlovsk Special Air Force School.
In the army since 1944. In 1944 he graduated from the 9th VASHPOL (Buguruslan), in 1948 - Borisoglebsk VAUL, until 1951 he was an instructor pilot there.
In 1953 he graduated from the School of Test Pilots, and in 1960 from the Moscow Aviation Institute.
From June 1953 to March 1958 - on flight test work at the LII.
Conducted a number of tests on fighter aircraft on the topics of the institute; participated in testing aviation spacesuits.
In 1958-1960 - test pilot of the Sukhoi Design Bureau. Conducted tests of P-1 (1958). In 1960-1982 - test pilot of the A.N. Tupolev Design Bureau. Performed the first flight and tested the Tu-144 (1968-1970), participated in tests of the Tu-22 and other aircraft. Since 1982 - in reserve.
Lived in Moscow, currently lives in the city of Rostov-on-Don.
Awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner, the Red Star, and medals. Awarded the Tissandier diploma (FAI) (1969).

Kokkinaki Viktor Konstantinovich

Soviet test pilot, Major General of Aviation (1943), Honored Test Pilot of the USSR (1959), Honored Master of Sports of the USSR (1959), twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1938, 1957). In the Soviet Army since 1925. Graduated from the Borisoglebsk flight school (1930). Served in the Air Force. In 1935-65 he worked as a test pilot at the S.V. Design Bureau. Ilyushin. Kokkinaki made flights: Moscow - Sevastopol - Sverdlovsk - Moscow, 1937; Moscow - Spassk-Dalniy (together with A.M. Bryandinsky), 1938; Moscow - o. Miskou (Misku) in the USA (together with M.Kh.Gordienko), 1939.

He set 14 world records for altitude and flight speed, and conducted factory tests of the Il-2 and Il-10 attack aircraft and the Il-4 bomber. During the Great Patriotic War, he combined the work of a test pilot, head of the Main Inspectorate of the People's Commissariat of the Aviation Industry and head of the LIS. In the post-war period, he tested military and civil aircraft (including Il-12, Il-14, Il-18, Il-62). Flew on 62 types of aircraft. Since 1961 vice-president, since 1967 president, and since December 1968 honorary president of the FAI. FAI Gold Aviation Medal, Wind Rose necklace with diamonds. Deputy of the USSR Supreme Council in 1937-50. Lenin Prize (1960). Awarded 6 Orders of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution.

Yakimov Alexey Petrovich

Fig.1 Tu-4 Bomber

Fig.1 Tu-4 Bomber
Conducted tests on experienced
aircraft, including La-5, Tu-4, Tu-14. Tested in-flight refueling systems. Performed high-altitude flights on aircraft with PD with a turbocharger. Awarded 2 Orders of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner, Orders of the Patriotic War 1st and 2nd degree, 5 Orders of the Red Star, medals.

Soviet test pilot, colonel, Honored Test Pilot of the USSR (1960), Hero of the Soviet Union (1966). Graduated from the Orenburg Military Aviation School
(1937). Yakimov worked at the LII and OKB A.N. Tupolev.
Conducted tests on experienced
aircraft, including La-5, Tu-4, Tu-14. Tested in-flight refueling systems. Performed high-altitude flights on aircraft with PD with a turbocharger. Awarded 2 Orders of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner, Orders of the Patriotic War 1st and 2nd degree, 5 Orders of the Red Star, medals.

On February 2, 1904, Valery Pavlovich Chkalov was born - Soviet test pilot, Hero of the USSR. He was the captain of the plane that made the first non-stop flight over the North Pole from Moscow to Vancouver. We will tell you about seven outstanding test pilots of the Soviet era.

Valery Chkalov

Chkalov began his breathtaking career as a pilot as an aircraft assembler at the 4th Kanavinsky Aviation Park in Nizhny Novgorod.

From December 3, 1931, he participated in tests - he tested the latest fighter aircraft of the 1930s, I-15 and I-16, designed by Polikarpov. He took part in testing tank destroyers VIT-1, VIT-2, heavy bombers TB-1, TB-3, a large number of experimental and experimental vehicles of the Polikarpov Design Bureau.

Chkalov became the author of new aerobatic maneuvers - an upward corkscrew and a slow roll. On May 5, 1935, aircraft designer Nikolai Polikarpov and test pilot Valery Chkalov were awarded the highest government award - the Order of Lenin - for creating the best fighter aircraft.

On July 20, 1936, the flight of Chkalov’s crew from Moscow to the Far East began. It lasted 56 hours before landing on a sandy spit of Udd Island in the Sea of Okhotsk. The total length of the record route was 9,375 kilometers.

On June 18, 1937, Chkalov began flying on an ANT-25 plane across the North Pole from Moscow to Vancouver (Washington State, USA). The flight took place in difficult weather conditions. On June 20, the plane landed safely in Vancouver, Washington, USA. The length of the flight was 8504 kilometers.

Stalin personally invited Chkalov to take the post of People's Commissar of the NKVD, but he refused and continued to engage in flight test work. Chkalov died on December 15, 1938 during the first test flight of the new I-180 fighter at the Central Airfield.

Stepan Mikoyan

From the first days of 1942, Stepan began to participate in Yak-1 flights to cover our troops in the Volokolamsk area. In the winter of 1941-1942, Stepan Mikoyan, as part of this regiment, made 10 successful combat missions. The 11th sortie to cover Istra on January 16, 1942 almost became fatal for Mikoyan - his Yak was mistakenly shot down by junior lieutenant Mikhail Rodionov from the 562nd regiment.

Mikoyan mastered 102 types of aircraft and flew about 3.5 thousand hours. By October 1942, he had flown 14 combat missions. Having carried out 3 air battles, he shot down 6 enemy aircraft as part of a group. Stepan Mikoyan ended the war with two orders.

Mikhail Gromov

Gromov tested many famous aircraft. Performed a number of long-haul flights across Europe, China and Japan.

On September 10-12, 1934, on an ANT-25 aircraft, he made a record flight in terms of range and duration along a closed route - 12,411 km in 75 hours. In 1937, the ANT-25-1 made a non-stop flight from Moscow to the North Pole to the USA, setting 2 world aviation records. For this flight, Gromov was awarded the Order of Lenin.

Vladimir Averyanov

From May 1965 to December 1968 - test pilot at the Kazan aircraft plant. In 1965-1966 he tested serial jet bombers Tu-16 and Tu-22, in 1966-1968 - Il-62 passenger aircraft (co-pilot), as well as their modifications.

From January 1969 to September 1994 - test pilot at the Saratov Aviation Plant. Tested production passenger aircraft Yak-40 (in 1969-1981) and Yak-42 (in 1978-1994). He has many medals and is an Honored Test Pilot of the USSR.

Ivan Dzyuba

From June 1941 to September 1943, he made 238 combat missions and conducted 25 air battles. By February 1942, he shot down 6 enemy aircraft personally and 2 in the group.

On July 21, 1942, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism displayed, Major Ivan Dzyuba was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal. Since 1943 he served as a test pilot.

Nikolay Zamyatin

USSR test pilot, captain Nikolai Zamyatin was born on May 9, 1916 in Perm, graduated from Sverdlovsk State University and the Sverdlovsk Aero Club in 1940.

In January-November 1942 he served as a pilot of the 608th Bomber Aviation Regiment, in November 1942 - December 1944 - a pilot, senior pilot and flight commander of the 137th Bomber Aviation Regiment.

Zamyatin fought on the Karelian Front. Participated in the defense of the Arctic. He made 30 combat missions on the Pe-2 bomber. From 1947 to 1971 - test pilot at the Flight Research Institute. Conducted tests of the refueling system on the Tu-2 aircraft, tests of turbojet engines: VK-7 on the Tu-4LL, AL-7 on the Tu-4LL, VK-3 on the Tu-4LL, AM-3M on the Tu-16LL, VD-7 on the M-4LL. Awarded the Order of the October Revolution, two Orders of the Red Banner, and the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree.

Mikhail Ivanov

In 1939-1941, he was a military acceptance test pilot at aircraft plant No. 301, testing production UT-2 training aircraft and Yak-1 fighters. In 1941, he was a test pilot for military acceptance at aircraft factory No. 31. Ivanov tested production fighters LaGG-3, La-5FN and Yak-3.

In November 1941, during the evacuation of the aircraft plant in Tbilisi, he took part in hostilities on the Southwestern Front. In total he made about 50 combat missions.

On April 24, 1946, he tested one of the first Yak-15 fighters. Conducted tests of various modifications of the Yak-3 and Yak-11 fighters. He received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal for the strength and courage shown when testing new aircraft.

Test pilots are people whose fearlessness can be envied. They deserve to be called heroes for the work they do. Read about the most famous test pilots who lived in different countries in the article.

What do aircraft testers do?

To get this profession, you need to balance your capabilities and desires. A test pilot must have good health and such character traits as composure, courage, responsibility, and courage. The intelligence of people in this profession must be high. In addition, without a love for technology, there is nothing to do in the place of a person who has chosen this path.

Test pilots test the latest aircraft such as helicopters and airplanes. These people evaluate the quality of aircraft, and if something is designed incorrectly, they return the iron birds for modification. However, this profession can be dangerous: possible mistakes by designers can lead to tragedy, including the death of the tester.

Who was the first test pilot?

You always have to start somewhere. When the profession described was not yet as widespread as it is in our time, people still carried out experimental flights on the first airplanes and helicopters created.

The Wright brothers were engineers and test pilots of their own aircraft, making their first flight in the early twentieth century, just before Christmas 1903. This test was captured in photographs, and the airplane itself can be seen as an exhibit at the National Air and Space Museum of the United States of America.

Alexander Fedorovich Mozhaisky became famous for the fact that back in 1882 he tested an aircraft that he designed independently, inspired by the works of French pilots. However, one of the notes compiled within the walls of the War Ministry in 1884 indicates that this device never took off. At present, there is no other evidence that could help us answer the question of whether the tests of Mozhaisky's aircraft were truly unsuccessful.

It is believed that the first test pilots of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics - Mikhail Mikhailovich Gromov and Andrei Borisovich Yumashev, who became famous in the thirties of the last century - assembled the “Gromovsky” set of military pilots before the start of the Great Patriotic War. Those who were among them tested a huge number of attack aircraft, bombers and fighters.

The first French aircraft testers

French test pilots are rightfully considered aviation pioneers. Since the late nineteenth century, many engineers have not only designed their own aircraft, but also tested them. The most famous Frenchmen who contributed to the development of aviation technology were:

Clément Ader. This test engineer's first flight took place on October 9, 1890, and was documented. Despite the fact that the design created by Ader obviously did not have sufficient potential for development, the name of this man is known all over the world, because it was he who first outlined the ideas of how aviation technology could be used for combat purposes.
Louis Blériot became the first Frenchman to fly across the English Channel in a self-designed aircraft without the use of catapults or rails. He did this in July 1909. The aircraft design he proposed more than a hundred years ago is still in use today. Only the capabilities of the aircraft components are improved, but the iron birds still correspond to Louis Bleriot’s scheme.

USSR test pilots

When listing outstanding test pilots from different countries, one cannot fail to mention people of this profession who lived in the USSR. Our country can boast of having raised such outstanding aviators as Valery Chkalov, Mikhail Gromov, Vladimir Averyanov (photo shown just above), Ivan Dzyuba and others.

Valery Chkalov has a dizzying career as an aviator. He tested many airplanes, helicopters, fighters and bombers. In addition, he became the creator of several figures that were called aerobatics. These include “ascending corkscrew” and “slow roll”. He took part in the creation of the latest aircraft and set several records for flight duration.
Mikhail Gromov was a versatile person. He showed outstanding abilities in music, drawing, and medicine. He served not only as a test pilot, but also as a military doctor. Gromov set two international records in the field of aviation, and more than once flew across Europe, China and Japan. For setting several records and courageously fulfilling his duty to the Fatherland, he was awarded the Order of Lenin.
Many test pilots of the Soviet Union held high positions in military service. Among them is Vladimir Averyanov, a colonel who tested both jet bombers and passenger aircraft. He has a huge number of awards.
Ivan Dzyuba became a participant in the Great Patriotic War. During these terrible times, he proved himself to be an outstanding test pilot. He has more than two hundred thirty-eight combat missions and twenty-five air battles to his credit. He shot down six enemy aircraft personally, as well as two in a group. For services to the Fatherland, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and awarded the Order of Lenin, as well as the Gold Star medal.

Honored Testers of Aviation Equipment

Of course, the fearlessness of the test pilots should be rewarded. In order to express gratitude and gratitude to these people, they are not only awarded various medals and orders, but also given a high rank. These are “Honored Test Pilots”.

In the USSR and Russia it is worn by such aviators as Vladimir Averyanov, Sergei Anokhin, Alexander Fedotov and others. Today there are 419 of them.

Pilot-writers

One of the most famous pilots who had a talent for writing is the American Jimmy Collins. From his pen came a collection of short stories called “Test Pilot”. In this book, the author wrote short stories about what could happen to a person of his profession. Everything would be fine, but shortly before his death he wrote the short story “I’m Dead” with the comment that it was prepared “in case he crashes.” Unfortunately, it was published by his friend, journalist Winsten Archer.

Russian test pilots also had a talent for writing. Among them are Nikolai Zamyatin, who participated in the Great Patriotic War, and Vasily Ershov, whose works are textbooks for current cadets.

Books written by test pilots do not lie, just as their authors do not lie, who put into their works everything that they have to experience.

Valery Pavlovich Chkalov- Soviet test pilot, Hero of the USSR. He was the captain of the plane that made the first non-stop flight over the North Pole from Moscow to Vancouver.

Chkalov began his breathtaking career as a pilot as an aircraft assembler at the 4th Kanavinsky Aviation Park in Nizhny Novgorod.
From December 3, 1931, he participated in tests - he tested the latest fighter aircraft of the 1930s, I-15 and I-16, designed by Polikarpov. He took part in testing tank destroyers VIT-1, VIT-2, heavy bombers TB-1, TB-3, a large number of experimental and experimental vehicles of the Polikarpov Design Bureau.

Chkalov was famous for his “recklessness.” After the accident that occurred in Bryansk, Chkalov was accused of numerous violations of discipline. By the verdict of the military tribunal of the Belarusian Military District on October 30, 1928, Chkalov was sentenced to a year in prison and was also dismissed from the Red Army. He served his sentence for a short time; at the request of Kliment Voroshilov, less than a month later the sentence was replaced with a suspended sentence.
Chkalov became the author of new aerobatic maneuvers - an upward corkscrew and a slow roll. On May 5, 1935, aircraft designer Nikolai Polikarpov and test pilot Valery Chkalov were awarded the highest government award - the Order of Lenin - for creating the best fighter aircraft.
On July 20, 1936, the flight of Chkalov’s crew from Moscow to the Far East began. It lasted 56 hours before landing on a sandy spit of Udd Island in the Sea of Okhotsk. The total length of the record route was 9,375 kilometers.
On June 18, 1937, Chkalov began flying on an ANT-25 plane across the North Pole from Moscow to Vancouver (Washington State, USA). The flight took place in difficult weather conditions. On June 20, the plane landed safely in Vancouver, Washington, USA. The length of the flight was 8504 kilometers.
Stalin personally invited Chkalov to take the post of People's Commissar of the NKVD, but he refused and continued to engage in flight test work. Chkalov died on December 15, 1938 during the first test flight of the new I-180 fighter at the Central Airfield.

Stalin, Voroshilov, Kaganovich, Chkalov and Belyakov. Meeting after the flight to the Far East. Shchelkovo airfield, August 10, 1936

STEPAN MIKOYAN

Stepan Mikoyan was born on July 12, 1922. He is the son of the famous political figure Anastas Mikoyan. Stepan Mikoyan - Hero of the Soviet Union, Lieutenant General of Aviation. In 1940, he entered the Kachin Military Aviation Pilot School in Crimea. In 1941, he retrained to fly the Yak-1 fighter and in December was sent to a fighter regiment defending Moscow.
From the first days of 1942, Stepan began to participate in Yak-1 flights to cover our troops in the Volokolamsk area. In the winter of 1941–1942, Stepan Mikoyan made 10 successful combat missions as part of this regiment. The 11th sortie to cover Istra on January 16, 1942 almost became fatal for Mikoyan - his Yak was mistakenly shot down by junior lieutenant Mikhail Rodionov from the 562nd regiment.
Mikoyan mastered 102 types of aircraft and flew about 3.5 thousand hours. By October 1942, he had flown 14 combat missions. Having carried out 3 air battles, he shot down 6 enemy aircraft as part of a group. Stepan Mikoyan ended the war with two orders.

Photo: Hayk/Wikimedia Commons

MIKHAIL GROMOV

Soviet pilot Mikhail Gromov was born on February 12, 1899. He became Colonel General of Aviation, Hero of the Soviet Union. As an extremely gifted person, he early showed a variety of abilities, including in music and drawing. After high school, he entered the medical faculty of Moscow University and then served as a military doctor.
Gromov tested many famous aircraft. Performed a number of long-haul flights across Europe, China and Japan.
On September 10–12, 1934, on an ANT-25 aircraft, he made a record flight in terms of range and duration along a closed route - 12,411 km in 75 hours. In 1937, the ANT-25-1 made a non-stop flight from Moscow to the North Pole to the USA, setting 2 world aviation records. For this flight, Gromov was awarded the Order of Lenin.

VLADIMIR AVERYANOV

Colonel, Honored Test Pilot of the USSR Vladimir Averyanov was born on October 11, 1934. In 1953, Averyanov graduated from the Stalingrad Aero Club. In 1955 he graduated from the Armavir Military Aviation School of Pilots, then served as a pilot in air defense aviation.
From May 1965 to December 1968 - test pilot at the Kazan aircraft plant. In 1965–1966 he tested serial jet bombers Tu-16 and Tu-22, in 1966–1968 he tested Il-62 passenger aircraft (as a co-pilot), as well as their modifications.
From January 1969 to September 1994 - test pilot at the Saratov Aviation Plant. Tested production passenger aircraft Yak-40 (in 1969–1981) and Yak-42 (in 1978–1994). He has many medals and is an Honored Test Pilot of the USSR.

Photo: testpilot.ru

IVAN DZYUBA

Colonel, Hero of the Soviet Union, Honored Test Pilot of the USSR Ivan Dzyuba was born on May 1, 1918. He graduated from the Odessa flight school (1938), participated in the Great Patriotic War as a fighter pilot.
From June 1941 to September 1943, he made 238 combat missions and conducted 25 air battles. By February 1942, he shot down 6 enemy aircraft personally and 2 in the group.
On July 21, 1942, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command on the front of the fight against the Nazi invaders and the courage and heroism displayed, Major Ivan Dzyuba was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal. Since 1943 he served as a test pilot.

NIKOLAI ZAMYATIN

USSR test pilot, captain Nikolai Zamyatin was born on May 9, 1916 in Perm, graduated from Sverdlovsk State University and the Sverdlovsk Aero Club in 1940.
In January-November 1942 he served as a pilot of the 608th Bomber Aviation Regiment, in November 1942 - December 1944 - a pilot, senior pilot and flight commander of the 137th Bomber Aviation Regiment.
Zamyatin fought on the Karelian Front. Participated in the defense of the Arctic. He made 30 combat missions on the Pe-2 bomber. From 1947 to 1971 - test pilot at the Flight Research Institute. Conducted tests of the refueling system on the Tu-2 aircraft, tests of turbojet engines: VK-7 on the Tu-4LL, AL-7 on the Tu-4LL, VK-3 on the Tu-4LL, AM-3M on the Tu-16LL, VD-7 on the M-4LL. Awarded the Order of the October Revolution, two Orders of the Red Banner, and the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd degree.

MIKHAIL IVANOV

The famous test pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel Mikhail Ivanov was born on July 18, 1910. Since 1925 he worked as a turner's apprentice in Poltava. Completed a theoretical training course at the Poltava Aviation Club of Osoaviakhim. In the Soviet army - since 1929. In 1932 he graduated from the Stalingrad Military Aviation School of Pilots, then served in combat units of the Air Force.
In 1939–1941, he was a test pilot for military acceptance at aircraft plant No. 301, testing production UT-2 training aircraft and Yak-1 fighters. In 1941, he was a test pilot for military acceptance at aircraft factory No. 31. Ivanov tested production fighters LaGG-3, La-5FN and Yak-3.
In November 1941, during the evacuation of the aircraft plant in Tbilisi, he took part in hostilities on the Southwestern Front. In total he made about 50 combat missions.
On April 24, 1946, he tested one of the first Yak-15 fighters. Conducted tests of various modifications of the Yak-3 and Yak-11 fighters. He received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal for the strength and courage shown when testing new aircraft.