Latitude and longitude in geography. Latitude geographical

In Chapter 1, it was noted that the Earth has the shape of a spheroid, that is, an oblate ball. Since the earth's spheroid differs very little from a sphere, this spheroid is usually called the globe. The earth rotates around an imaginary axis. The points of intersection of the imaginary axis with the globe are called poles. North geographic pole (PN) is considered to be the one from which the Earth’s own rotation is seen counterclockwise. South geographic pole (PS) - the pole opposite to the north.
If you mentally cut the globe with a plane passing through the axis (parallel to the axis) of rotation of the Earth, we get an imaginary plane called meridian plane . The line of intersection of this plane with the earth's surface is called geographical (or true) meridian .
A plane perpendicular to the earth's axis and passing through the center of the globe is called plane of the equator , and the line of intersection of this plane with the earth’s surface is equator .
If you mentally cross the globe with planes parallel to the equator, then on the surface of the Earth you get circles called parallels .
The parallels and meridians marked on globes and maps are degree mesh (Fig. 3.1). The degree grid makes it possible to determine the position of any point on the earth's surface.
It is taken as the prime meridian when compiling topographic maps Greenwich astronomical meridian , passing through the former Greenwich Observatory (near London from 1675 - 1953). Currently, the buildings of the Greenwich Observatory house a museum of astronomical and navigational instruments. The modern prime meridian passes through Hurstmonceux Castle 102.5 meters (5.31 seconds) east of the Greenwich astronomical meridian. A modern prime meridian is used for satellite navigation.

Rice. 3.1. Degree grid of the earth's surface

Coordinates - angular or linear quantities that determine the position of a point on a plane, surface or in space. To determine coordinates on the earth's surface, a point is projected as a plumb line onto an ellipsoid. To determine the position of horizontal projections of a terrain point in topography, systems are used geographical , rectangular And polar coordinates .
Geographical coordinates determine the position of the point relative to the earth's equator and one of the meridians, taken as the initial one. Geographic coordinates can be obtained from astronomical observations or geodetic measurements. In the first case they are called astronomical , in the second - geodetic . During astronomical observations, the projection of points onto the surface is carried out by plumb lines, and during geodetic measurements - by normals, therefore the values of astronomical and geodetic geographical coordinates are somewhat different. To create small-scale geographic maps, the compression of the Earth is neglected, and the ellipsoid of revolution is taken as a sphere. In this case, the geographic coordinates will be spherical .
Latitude - an angular value that determines the position of a point on Earth in the direction from the equator (0º) to the North Pole (+90º) or the South Pole (-90º). Latitude is measured by the central angle in the meridian plane of a given point. On globes and maps, latitude is shown using parallels.

Rice. 3.2. Geographic latitude

Longitude - an angular value that determines the position of a point on Earth in the West-East direction from the Greenwich meridian. Longitudes are counted from 0 to 180°, to the east - with a plus sign, to the west - with a minus sign. On globes and maps, latitude is shown using meridians.

Rice. 3.3. Geographic longitude

3.1.1. Spherical coordinates

Spherical geographic coordinates are called angular values (latitude and longitude) that determine the position of terrain points on the surface of the earth’s sphere relative to the plane of the equator and the prime meridian.

Spherical latitude (φ) called the angle between the radius vector (the line connecting the center of the sphere and a given point) and the equatorial plane.

Spherical longitude (λ) - this is the angle between the plane of the prime meridian and the meridian plane of a given point (the plane passes through the given point and the axis of rotation).

Rice. 3.4. Geographic spherical coordinate system

In topography practice, a sphere with radius R = 6371 is used km, the surface of which is equal to the surface of the ellipsoid. On such a sphere, the arc length of the great circle is 1 minute (1852 m) called nautical mile.

3.1.2. Astronomical coordinates

Astronomical geographic coordinates are latitude and longitude that determine the position of points on geoid surface relative to the plane of the equator and the plane of one of the meridians, taken as the initial one (Fig. 3.5).

Astronomical latitude (φ) is the angle formed by a plumb line passing through a given point and a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the Earth.

Plane of the astronomical meridian - a plane passing through a plumb line at a given point and parallel to the Earth’s axis of rotation.
Astronomical meridian - line of intersection of the geoid surface with the plane of the astronomical meridian.

Astronomical longitude (λ) is the dihedral angle between the plane of the astronomical meridian passing through a given point and the plane of the Greenwich meridian, taken as the initial one.

Rice. 3.5. Astronomical latitude (φ) and astronomical longitude (λ)

3.1.3. Geodetic coordinate system

IN geodetic geographic coordinate system the surface on which the positions of points are found is taken to be the surface reference -ellipsoid . The position of a point on the surface of the reference ellipsoid is determined by two angular quantities - geodetic latitude (IN) and geodetic longitude (L).
Geodesic meridian plane - a plane passing through the normal to the surface of the earth's ellipsoid at a given point and parallel to its minor axis.
Geodetic meridian - the line along which the plane of the geodesic meridian intersects the surface of the ellipsoid.
Geodetic parallel - the line of intersection of the surface of the ellipsoid with a plane passing through a given point and perpendicular to the minor axis.

Geodetic latitude (IN)- the angle formed by the normal to the surface of the earth's ellipsoid at a given point and the plane of the equator.

Geodetic longitude (L)- dihedral angle between the plane of the geodesic meridian of a given point and the plane of the initial geodesic meridian.

Rice. 3.6. Geodetic latitude (B) and geodetic longitude (L)

3.2. DETERMINING GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES OF POINTS ON THE MAP

Topographic maps are printed in separate sheets, the sizes of which are set for each scale. The side frames of the sheets are meridians, and the top and bottom frames are parallels. . (Fig. 3.7). Hence, geographic coordinates can be determined by the side frames of a topographic map . On all maps, the top frame always faces north.
Geographic latitude and longitude are written in the corners of each sheet of the map. On maps of the Western Hemisphere, in the northwestern corner of the frame of each sheet, to the right of the meridian longitude value, the inscription is placed: “West of Greenwich.”
On maps of scales 1: 25,000 - 1: 200,000, the sides of the frames are divided into segments equal to 1′ (one minute, Fig. 3.7). These segments are shaded every other and separated by dots (except for a map of scale 1: 200,000) into parts of 10" (ten seconds). On each sheet, maps of scales 1: 50,000 and 1: 100,000 show, in addition, the intersection of the middle meridian and middle parallel with digitization in degrees and minutes, and along the inner frame - outputs of minute divisions with strokes 2 - 3 mm long. This allows, if necessary, to draw parallels and meridians on a map glued from several sheets.

Rice. 3.7. Side map frames

When drawing up maps of scales 1: 500,000 and 1: 1,000,000, a cartographic grid of parallels and meridians is applied to them. Parallels are drawn at 20′ and 40″ (minutes), respectively, and meridians at 30′ and 1°.
The geographic coordinates of a point are determined from the nearest southern parallel and from the nearest western meridian, the latitude and longitude of which are known. For example, for a map of scale 1: 50,000 “ZAGORYANI”, the nearest parallel located south of a given point will be the parallel of 54º40′ N, and the nearest meridian located to the west of the point will be the meridian 18º00′ E. (Fig. 3.7).

Rice. 3.8. Determination of geographical coordinates

To determine the latitude of a given point you need to:

set one leg of the measuring compass to a given point, set the other leg at the shortest distance to the nearest parallel (for our map 54º40′);
Without changing the angle of the measuring compass, install it on the side frame with minute and second divisions, one leg should be at the southern parallel (for our map 54º40′), and the other between the 10-second points on the frame;
count the number of minutes and seconds from the southern parallel to the second leg of the measuring compass;
add the result to the southern latitude (for our map 54º40′).

To determine the longitude of a given point you need to:

set one leg of the measuring compass to a given point, set the other leg at the shortest distance to the nearest meridian (for our map 18º00′);
without changing the angle of the measuring compass, install it on the nearest horizontal frame with minute and second divisions (for our map, the lower frame), one leg should be on the nearest meridian (for our map 18º00′), and the other - between the 10-second points on horizontal frame;
count the number of minutes and seconds from the western (left) meridian to the second leg of the measuring compass;
add the result to the longitude of the western meridian (for our map 18º00′).

note that this method of determining the longitude of a given point for maps at a scale of 1:50,000 and smaller has an error due to the convergence of the meridians that limit the topographic map from the east and west. The north side of the frame will be shorter than the south. Consequently, discrepancies between longitude measurements on the north and south frames may differ by several seconds. To achieve high accuracy in the measurement results, it is necessary to determine the longitude on both the southern and northern sides of the frame, and then interpolate.
To increase the accuracy of determining geographic coordinates, you can use graphic method. To do this, it is necessary to connect the ten-second divisions of the same name closest to the point with straight lines in latitude to the south of the point and in longitude to the west of it. Then determine the sizes of the segments in latitude and longitude from the drawn lines to the position of the point and sum them accordingly with the latitude and longitude of the drawn lines.
The accuracy of determining geographic coordinates using maps of scales 1: 25,000 - 1: 200,000 is 2" and 10" respectively.

3.3. POLAR COORDINATE SYSTEM

Polar coordinates are called angular and linear quantities that determine the position of a point on the plane relative to the origin of coordinates, taken as the pole ( ABOUT), and polar axis ( OS) (Fig. 3.1).

Location of any point ( M) is determined by the position angle ( α ), measured from the polar axis to the direction to the determined point, and the distance (horizontal distance - projection of the terrain line onto the horizontal plane) from the pole to this point ( D). Polar angles are usually measured from the polar axis in a clockwise direction.

Rice. 3.9. Polar coordinate system

The following can be taken as the polar axis: the true meridian, the magnetic meridian, the vertical grid line, the direction to any landmark.

3.2. BIPOLAR COORDINATE SYSTEMS

Bipolar coordinates are called two angular or two linear quantities that determine the location of a point on a plane relative to two initial points (poles ABOUT 1 And ABOUT 2 rice. 3.10).

The position of any point is determined by two coordinates. These coordinates can be either two position angles ( α 1 And α 2 rice. 3.10), or two distances from the poles to the determined point ( D 1 And D 2 rice. 3.11).

Rice. 3.10. Determining the location of a point from two angles (α 1 and α 2 )

Rice. 3.11. Determining the location of a point by two distances

In a bipolar coordinate system, the position of the poles is known, i.e. the distance between them is known.

3.3. POINT HEIGHT

Were previously reviewed plan coordinate systems , defining the position of any point on the surface of the earth's ellipsoid, or reference ellipsoid , or on a plane. However, these plan coordinate systems do not allow one to obtain an unambiguous position of a point on the physical surface of the Earth. Geographic coordinates relate the position of a point to the surface of the reference ellipsoid, polar and bipolar coordinates relate the position of a point to a plane. And all these definitions do not in any way relate to the physical surface of the Earth, which for a geographer is more interesting than the reference ellipsoid.
Thus, planned coordinate systems do not make it possible to unambiguously determine the position of a given point. It is necessary to somehow define your position, at least with the words “above” and “below”. Just regarding what? To obtain complete information about the position of a point on the physical surface of the Earth, a third coordinate is used - height . Therefore, there is a need to consider the third coordinate system - height system .

The distance along a plumb line from a level surface to a point on the physical surface of the Earth is called height.

There are heights absolute , if they are counted from the level surface of the Earth, and relative (conditional ), if they are counted from an arbitrary level surface. Usually, the level of the ocean or open sea in a calm state is taken as the starting point for absolute heights. In Russia and Ukraine, the starting point for absolute altitude is taken to be zero of the Kronstadt footstock.

Footstock- a rail with divisions, fixed vertically on the shore so that it is possible to determine from it the position of the water surface in a calm state.
Kronstadt footstock- a line on a copper plate (board) mounted in the granite abutment of the Blue Bridge of the Obvodny Canal in Kronstadt.
The first footpole was installed during the reign of Peter 1, and from 1703 regular observations of the level of the Baltic Sea began. Soon the footstock was destroyed and only from 1825 (and to the present) regular observations were resumed. In 1840, hydrographer M.F. Reinecke calculated the average height of the Baltic Sea level and recorded it on the granite abutment of the bridge in the form of a deep horizontal line. Since 1872, this line has been taken as the zero mark when calculating the heights of all points on the territory of the Russian state. The Kronstadt footing rod was modified several times, but the position of its main mark was kept the same during design changes, i.e. defined in 1840
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ukrainian surveyors did not invent their own national system of heights, and currently in Ukraine it is still used Baltic height system.

It should be noted that in every necessary case, measurements are not taken directly from the level of the Baltic Sea. There are special points on the ground, the heights of which were previously determined in the Baltic height system. These points are called benchmarks .
Absolute altitudes H can be positive (for points above the Baltic Sea level), and negative (for points below the Baltic Sea level).
The difference in absolute heights of two points is called relative height or exceeding (h):
h =H A−H IN .
The excess of one point over another can also be positive or negative. If the absolute height of a point A greater than the absolute height of the point IN, i.e. is above the point IN, then the point is exceeded A above the point IN will be positive, and vice versa, exceeding the point IN above the point A- negative.

Example. Absolute heights of points A And IN: N A = +124,78 m; N IN = +87,45 m. Find mutual excesses of points A And IN.

Solution. Exceeding point A above the point IN
h A(B) = +124,78 - (+87,45) = +37,33 m.
Exceeding point IN above the point A
h B(A) = +87,45 - (+124,78) = -37,33 m.

Example. Absolute point height A equal to N A = +124,78 m. Exceeding point WITH above the point A equals h C(A) = -165,06 m. Find the absolute height of a point WITH.

Solution. Absolute point height WITH equal to
N WITH = N A + h C(A) = +124,78 + (-165,06) = - 40,28 m.

The numerical value of the height is called the point elevation (absolute or conditional).
For example, N A = 528.752 m - absolute point elevation A; N" IN = 28.752 m - reference point elevation IN .

Rice. 3.12. Heights of points on the earth's surface

To move from conditional heights to absolute ones and vice versa, you need to know the distance from the main level surface to the conditional one.

Video
Meridians, parallels, latitudes and longitudes
Determining the position of points on the earth's surface

Questions and tasks for self-control

Expand the concepts: pole, equatorial plane, equator, meridian plane, meridian, parallel, degree grid, coordinates.
Relative to what planes on the globe (ellipsoid of revolution) are geographic coordinates determined?
What is the difference between astronomical geographic coordinates and geodetic ones?
Using a drawing, explain the concepts of “spherical latitude” and “spherical longitude”.
On what surface is the position of points in the astronomical coordinate system determined?
Using a drawing, explain the concepts of “astronomical latitude” and “astronomical longitude”.
On what surface are the positions of points determined in a geodetic coordinate system?
Using a drawing, explain the concepts of “geodetic latitude” and “geodetic longitude”.
Why, to increase the accuracy of determining longitude, is it necessary to connect the ten-second divisions of the same name closest to the point with straight lines?
How can you calculate the latitude of a point by determining the number of minutes and seconds from the northern frame of a topographic map?
What coordinates are called polar?
What purpose does the polar axis serve in a polar coordinate system?
What coordinates are called bipolar?
What is the essence of a direct geodetic problem?

Latitude- the angle between the local zenith direction and the equatorial plane, measured from 0 to 90 on both sides of the equator. The geographic latitude of points lying in the northern hemisphere (northern latitude) is usually considered positive, the latitude of points in the southern hemisphere is considered negative. In addition, it is customary to talk about latitudes that are larger in absolute value - as high, and about those close to zero (that is, to the equator) - as about low.

Longitude

Longitude- the angle between the plane of the meridian passing through a given point and the plane of the initial prime meridian, from which longitude is calculated. Now on Earth the prime meridian is the one that passes through the old observatory in the city of Greenwich, and therefore it is called the Greenwich meridian. Longitudes from 0 to 180° east of the prime meridian are called eastern, and to the west - western. Eastern longitudes are considered to be positive, western longitudes are considered negative. It should be emphasized that, unlike latitude, for a system of longitudes the choice of the origin (prime meridian) is arbitrary and depends only on agreement. So, in addition to Greenwich, the meridians of the observatories of Paris, Cadiz, Pulkovo (on the territory of the Russian Empire), etc. were previously chosen as the zero meridians.

Height

To completely determine the position of a point in three-dimensional space, a third coordinate is needed - height. The distance to the center of the planet is not used in geography: it is convenient only when describing very deep regions of the planet or, on the contrary, when calculating orbits in space.

Within the geographical envelope it is usually used height above sea level, measured from the level of the “smoothed” surface - geoid. Such a three-coordinate system turns out to be orthogonal, which simplifies a number of calculations. Altitude above sea level is also convenient because it is related to atmospheric pressure.

Distance from the earth's surface (up or down) is often used to describe a place, however Not serves coordinate due to the unevenness of the surface.

Latitude and longitude - terms and definitions

The earth's sphere is divided by an imaginary horizontal line into two equal parts of the world - the northern and southern hemispheres - into positive and negative poles, respectively. This is how the definitions of northern and southern latitudes were introduced. Latitude is represented as circles parallel to the equator, called parallels. The equator itself, with a value of 0 degrees, acts as the starting point for measurements. The closer the parallel is to the upper or lower pole, the smaller its diameter and the higher or lower the angular degree. For example, the city of Moscow is located at 55 degrees north latitude, which determines the location of the capital as approximately equidistant from both the equator and the north pole.

Meridian is the name of longitude, represented as a vertical arc strictly perpendicular to the circles of parallel. The sphere is divided into 360 meridians. The reference point is the prime meridian (0 degrees), the arcs of which pass vertically through the points of the north and south poles and extend in the east and west directions. This determines the angle of longitude from 0 to 180 degrees, calculated from the center to the extreme points to the east or south.

Unlike latitude, the reference point of which is the equatorial line, any meridian can be the zero meridian. But for convenience, namely the convenience of counting time, the Greenwich meridian was determined.

Geographic coordinates – place and time

Latitude and longitude allow you to assign a precise geographic address, measured in degrees, to a particular place on the planet. Degrees, in turn, are divided into smaller units such as minutes and seconds. Each degree is divided into 60 parts (minutes), and a minute into 60 seconds. Using Moscow as an example, the entry looks like this: 55° 45′ 7″ N, 37° 36′ 56″ E or 55 degrees, 45 minutes, 7 seconds north latitude and 37 degrees, 36 minutes, 56 seconds south longitude.

The interval between the meridians is 15 degrees and about 111 km along the equator - this is the distance the Earth, rotating, travels in one hour. It takes 24 hours to complete a full rotation of a day.

We use the globe

The model of the Earth is accurately depicted on the globe with realistic drawings of all continents, seas and oceans. Parallels and meridians are drawn on the globe map as auxiliary lines. Almost any globe has a crescent-shaped meridian in its design, which is installed on the base and serves as an auxiliary measure.

The meridian arc is equipped with a special degree scale by which latitude is determined. Longitude can be found out using another scale - a hoop mounted horizontally at the equator. By marking the desired location with your finger and rotating the globe around its axis to the auxiliary arc, we fix the latitude value (depending on the location of the object, it will be either north or south). Then we mark the data on the equator scale at the point of its intersection with the meridian arc and determine the longitude. You can find out whether it is eastern or southern longitude only relative to the prime meridian.

Geographic latitude and longitude are plotted on a world map. With their help, it is easy to determine the location of an object.

A geographical map of the world is a reduced projection of the earth's surface on a plane. It shows continents, islands, oceans, seas, rivers, as well as countries, large cities and other objects.

The geographical map has a coordinate grid.
On it you can clearly see information about the continents, seas and oceans, and the map allows you to create an image of the relief of the world.
Using a geographic map, you can calculate the distance between cities and countries. It is also convenient to search for the location of land and ocean objects.

The shape of the Earth is like a sphere. If you need to determine a point on the surface of this sphere, you can use a globe, which is our planet in miniature. But there is the most common way to find a point on Earth - these are geographical coordinates - latitude and longitude. These parallels are measured in degrees.

Geographic map of the world with latitude and longitude - photo:

The parallels that are drawn along and across the entire map are latitude and longitude. With their help you can quickly and easily find anywhere in the world.

The geographical map of the hemispheres is easy to understand. On one hemisphere (eastern) Africa, Eurasia and Australia are depicted. On the other, the western hemisphere, are North and South America.

Our ancestors studied latitude and longitude. Even then there were world maps that were not similar to modern ones, but with their help you can also determine where an object is located and what. A simple explanation of what the geographic latitude and longitude of an object on a map are:

Latitude is a coordinate value in the system of spherical numbers, which defines a point on the surface of our planet relative to the equator.

If objects are located in the northern hemisphere, then the geographic latitude is called positive, if in the southern hemisphere - negative.
South latitude - the object moves from the equator towards the North Pole.
North latitude - the object is moving towards the South Pole from the equator.
On a map, latitudes are lines parallel to each other. The distance between these lines is measured in degrees, minutes, seconds. One degree is 60 minutes, and one minute is 60 seconds.
The equator is zero latitude.

Longitude is a coordinate quantity that determines the location of an object relative to the prime meridian.

This coordinate allows you to find out the location of the object relative to the west and east.
Lines of longitude are meridians. They are located perpendicular to the equator.
The zero reference point for longitude in geography is the Greenwich Laboratory, which is located in east London. This line of longitude is commonly called the Greenwich Meridian.
Objects that are located to the east of the Greenwich meridian are the eastern longitude region, and to the west are the western longitude region.
Indicators of eastern longitude are considered positive, and indicators of western longitude are considered negative.

Using the meridian, a direction such as north-south is determined, and vice versa.

Latitude on a geographic map is measured from the equator—zero degrees. At the poles there are 90 degrees of latitude.

From what points, what meridian is geographic longitude measured?

Longitude on a geographic map is measured from Greenwich. The prime meridian is 0°. The farther an object is from Greenwich, the greater its longitude.

To determine the location of an object, you need to know its geographic latitude and longitude. As mentioned above, latitude shows the distance from the equator to a given object, and longitude shows the distance from Greenwich to the desired object or point.

How to measure, find out geographic latitude and longitude on a world map? Each parallel of latitude is designated by a specific number - a degree.

Meridians are also designated by degrees.

Measure, find out geographic latitude and longitude on a world map

Any point will be located either at the intersection of the meridian and the parallel, or at the intersection of intermediate indicators. Therefore, its coordinates are indicated by specific indicators of latitude and longitude. For example, St. Petersburg is located at the following coordinates: 60° north latitude and 30° east longitude.

As stated above, latitude is parallels. To determine it, you need to draw a line parallel to the equator or a nearby parallel.

If the object is located on the parallel itself, then it is easy to determine its location (as described above).
If an object is between parallels, then its latitude is determined by the nearest parallel from the equator.
For example, Moscow is located north of the 50th parallel. The distance to this object is measured along the meridian and it is equal to 6°, which means that Moscow’s geographic latitude is 56°.

A clear example of determining the geographic coordinates of latitude on a world map can be found in the following video:

Video: Geographic latitude and geographic longitude. Geographical coordinates

To determine geographic longitude, you need to determine the meridian on which the point is located, or its intermediate value.

For example, St. Petersburg is located on a meridian whose value is 30°.
But what if the object is located between the meridians? How to determine its longitude?
For example, Moscow is located east of 30° east longitude.
Now add the number of degrees along the parallel to this meridian. It turns out 8° - which means the geographic longitude of Moscow is equal to 38° east longitude.

Another example of determining the geographic coordinates of longitude and latitude on a world map in the video:

Video: Determining latitude and longitude

Any map shows all the parallels and meridians. What is the maximum value of geographic latitude and longitude? The greatest value of geographic latitude is 90°, and longitude is 180°. The smallest latitude value is 0° (equator), and the smallest longitude value is also 0° (Greenwich).

Geographic latitude and longitude of the poles and the equator: what is it equal to?

The geographic latitude of the points of the earth's equator is 0°, the North Pole +90°, and the South Pole -90°. The longitude of the poles is not determined, since these objects are located on all meridians at once.

Determining geographic coordinates of latitude and longitude on Yandex and Google maps online

Students may need to determine geographic coordinates from maps in real time when taking a test or an exam.

It's convenient, fast and simple. Determining the geographic coordinates of latitude and longitude on Yandex and Google maps online can be done on various services on the Internet.
For example, you just need to enter the name of an object, city or country and click on it on the map. The geographic coordinates of this object will instantly appear.
In addition, the resource will show the address of the identified point.

The online mode is convenient because you can find out the necessary information here and now.

How to find a place by coordinates on Yandex and Google map?

If you do not know the exact address of an object, but you know its geographical coordinates, then its location can be easily found on Google or Yandex maps. How to find a place by coordinates on Yandex and Google map? Follow these steps:

For example, go to Google map.
Enter the geographic coordinates in the search box. You can enter degrees, minutes and seconds (for example 41°24’12.2″N 2°10’26.5″E), degrees and decimal minutes (41 24.2028, 2 10.4418), decimal degrees: (41.40338, 2.17403).
Click “Search” and the desired object on the map will appear in front of you.

The result will appear instantly, and the object itself will be marked on the map with a “red drop”.

Finding satellite maps with latitude and longitude coordinates is easy. You only need to enter keywords into the Yandex or Google search window, and the service will instantly return what you need.

For example, “Satellite maps with latitude and longitude coordinates.” Many sites will open providing such a service. Choose any one, click on the desired object and determine the coordinates.

Satellite maps - determining latitude and longitude coordinates

The Internet gives us great opportunities. If previously you only had to use a paper map to determine longitude and latitude, now it is enough to have a gadget with a network connection.

Video: Geographic coordinates and coordinate determination

Determine coordinates yourself.

Determining latitude and longitude from a map or globe is one of the most accurate ways to determine the location of a large object. Determining geographic coordinates, both historically and currently, is relevant in navigation, for orientation on the ground, when moving on foot or in transport.

Each object with a stable location can have not only its own postal address, but also a geographic address, reflected precisely in latitude and longitude. To the question of how to determine latitude and longitude on a map, the video and text instructions are quite detailed; it is not difficult to answer this question, and to use the knowledge in practice you just need to pay due attention to the instructions that people have been using for hundreds of years.

Horizontal lines

Latitude is expressed in degrees indicated on the map, and represents the distance to a particular point relative to the Equator; it can be either positive or negative, respectively – North and South. Southern latitudes – from the Equator to the South Pole (negative), Northern – from the Equator to the North Pole (positive).

The latitude of zero value is taken to be the Equator; its value increases from the Equator to the poles and can have a value from 0° to 90°, both in one direction and the other.

Northern latitude is designated by the English letter N (from North), southern latitude by S (from South).

Vertical lines

Longitude is expressed in degrees and shows the distance from any point to the position of Greenwich (prime meridian), it can have a positive and negative value, and is also divided into hemispheres. West of Greenwich - positive, Western. To the east - negative or Eastern.

The entire circumference of the Earth is defined as 360°, with 180° being the Western and Eastern hemispheres. Longitude is higher the further it is from Greenwich (prime meridian) and can range from 0 to 180 °.

The designation of western longitude comes from the English word West, the first letter is W. And the eastern longitude is designated by the word East and the letter E.

Determining coordinates - simple and fast

The step between degrees is 111.11 kilometers, minutes and seconds are fractional fractions of a degree, allowing you to determine the position of an object with an accuracy of several meters (5-20 approximately).

To find out the latitude of a point, you need to establish whether it belongs to the northern or southern hemisphere (above or below the Equator). Parallels in tens of degrees are signed on the right or left side of the map (or both). It is necessary to establish between which parallels the desired position is located. Next, you need to use measuring instruments or marks on the map to set the distance from the selected point to the nearest parallel from the Equator in degrees;
To determine the longitude of a point, you must first find out its position on the map relative to Greenwich - the western hemisphere is located to the right of the prime meridian, the eastern hemisphere is located to the left. Longitude can be written on the top and bottom of the map, as well as at the point of intersection with the Equator. It is necessary to establish the distance of the desired position to the nearest meridian from Greenwich;
The intersection between the meridians and parallels is the geographic coordinates of the selected point.

It is worth considering that you can establish the exact location of a point if you have a sufficiently detailed map, where you can use not only degrees, but also minutes and seconds. A degree is 111 kilometers, and its minute is already 1.85 kilometers, a second allows you to specify the position of a point up to 30 meters.

How to determine latitude and longitude on a Yandex map and Google map

In order to find out the characteristics of the area in the Google mapping system, you need to hover your mouse over the area of interest, and you can adjust the scale using the mouse wheel and move the map by pressing the left mouse button and moving the device in the desired direction. After clicking on the desired position with the right mouse button, you need to select the “what is here” item in the drop-down menu, the system will immediately enter the result into the search line above and provide information about objects located in the specified area and other characteristics of the area.