Complex conjunction sentences examples. Punctuation marks in complex sentences

Compound sentences are complex sentences consisting of relatively independent parts of equal meaning, connected by various coordinating conjunctions.

Half an hour later the door opened and Peter came out.(A.S. Pushkin)

Natasha winked at her brother, and both did not hold back for long and laughed loudly.(L.N. Tolstoy)

Under the blue skies, with magnificent carpets, glittering in the sun, the snow lies; The transparent forest alone turns black, and the spruce turns green through the frost, and the river glitters under the ice.(A.S. Pushkin)

At night, houses burned, and the wind blew, and black bodies swayed on the gallows from the wind, and crows screamed above them.(A.I. Kuprin)

The old prince was still in the city, and they were waiting for him every minute.(L.N. Tolstoy)

Hadji Murad stopped, his tanned face turned brown, and his eyes were bloodshot.(L.N. Tolstoy)

We are tormented by spiritual thirst, I was languishing in the dark desert, and a six-winged seraph appeared to me at a crossroads.(A.S. Pushkin)

Princess Marya read the paper, and dry sobs shook her face.(L.N. Tolstoy)

One day he fell asleep thinking about the Madonna, and, sure enough, some angel woke him up.(R. Santi)

Lisa listened with enthusiasm, and her new acquaintance, with her uncontrollable, eager speech, seemed very entertaining...(K.A. Fedin)

Indignation grew, and ladies began to talk about him in different corners in the most unfavorable way...(N.V. Gogol)

The front doors were locked and everything was asleep.(L.N. Tolstoy)

The ceilings were painted everywhere with colorful patterns, and the small white doors always sparkled, as if they had been painted yesterday; soft paths led throughout the house from room to room.(D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak)

The princess and the Moscow dandy were sitting on a bench in the covered gallery, and both were apparently engaged in a serious conversation.(M.Yu. Lermontov)

Ahead, in the smoke, rows of gray greatcoats were already visible, and the officer, seeing Bagration, ran screaming after the soldiers.(L.N. Tolstoy)

The coachman suddenly reined in the horses, and the carriage stopped at a house newly painted gray...(A.P. Chekhov)

The children were probably very friendly, and the quick Vasya was used to reading the truth from the face of the calm, smart Zina.(M.M. Prishvin)

She is tall, light and slender, and her blooming face is beautiful.(A.I. Kuprin)

Occasionally, in the distance, a wagon will appear blackened, broken by Kalmyk herdsmen, and a school of steppe horses will pass by.(A.S. Serafimovich)

We were alone; only sparrows were busy around and swallows silently flew in and out of the windows of the old chapel...(V.G. Korolenko)

These figures did not at all resemble the aristocratic beggars from the castle - the city did not recognize them, and their relationship to the city was purely combative in nature.(V.G. Korolenko)

Old crosses crowded into a heap. Neither viburnum grows among them, nor the grass turns green, only the month warms them from the heavenly heights.(N.V. Gogol)

You are always incomparably good,
But when I'm sad and gloomy,
Comes to life so inspirationally
Your cheerful, mocking mind.(N. Nekrasov)

You throw yourself on the ground, you are drunk, but you are too lazy to move.(I.S. Turgenev)

Spring was shining in the sky, but the forest was still covered with snow like winter.(M.M. Prishvin)

The low sun no longer warms, but shines brighter than the summer sun.(I.S. Turgenev)

Our grandfather turned seventy-seven this year, but he still doesn’t let up, he works from morning to night, and in his free time he even goes hunting.(M.M. Prishvin)

In the evening he was going to Murmansk, but the damned blizzard confused all the calculations.(V. Kaverin)

The ants loosened the ground, lingonberries grew on top, and a mushroom grew under the berries.(M.M. Prishvin)

This is how woodpeckers peck at a tree, and the tree, weakening, fills everything with resin.(M.M. Prishvin)

During the injection, the patient closed his eyes, and gray mice seemed to be running across his face during the infusion.(M.M. Prishvin)

The rooms were stuffy, and dust swirled in the streets and hats were blown off.(A.P. Chekhov)

The well-dressed crowd dispersed, their faces were no longer visible, the wind died down completely, and Gurov and Anna Sergeevna stood as if waiting to see if anyone else would get off the ship.(A.P. Chekhov)

It was difficult for us to speak, since I did not know Matilda’s language well enough, and she did not know mine at all, but we understood a lot beyond words.(V.Ya. Bryusov)

Then she quickly ran upstairs, and I remained against the wall, with my hands outstretched.(V.Ya. Bryusov)

Just like the sea, fresh winds blow over the meadows and the high sky has overturned into a pale green bowl.(K.G. Paustovsky)

The tops of the birches were golden in the first rays of the sun, but below everything was asleep.(B.M. Nemensky)

COMPLEX SENTENCES

A complex sentence is a complex sentence in which one part is subordinate in meaning to another and is connected to it by a subordinating conjunction or a conjunctive word.

I have noticed that traveling singers, acrobats, even magicians like to call themselves artists.(L. Tolstoy)

But the building and the very fact that I studied here did not make any impression on my friends.(V. Soloukhin)

In a dim bubble of light, the old people sat so that only the corner of the light separated them.(M. Gorky)

The boy carefully walked between the stones where snakes flashed.(A. Serafimovich)

I decided to come to the gallery as early as possible to warn all visitors.(V.A. Zhukovsky)

Porfiry Vladimirych sat in place and somehow painfully shook his head, as if he had really been pressed against the wall.(M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin)

The hut and the yard, everything began to slowly collapse, as happens in run-down orphanages.(D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak)

We sat on the corner of the bastion, so we could see everything in both directions.(M.Yu. Lermontov)

In the "Sistine Madonna" there is a flexible, all-penetrating movement, without which it is difficult to create the impression of life in painting.(M.V. Alpatov)

During these days, events took place that turned the entire village upside down.(F. Gladkov)

I want to talk about a book that I have kept from the time when I was the age of readers of Pionerskaya Pravda.(A.T. Tvardovsky)

I am the one to whom you listened in the midnight silence.(M.Yu. Lermontov)

He pointed to the middle of the parade ground, where there stood a scarecrow made of damp clay, representing some semblance of a human figure, only without arms and without legs.(A.I. Kuprin)

One day Lavrov was sitting on a bench on the upper deck near the captain's bridge, where there were no passengers.(K.G. Paustovsky)

The spring sun seemed to corrode the deep snowdrifts until the first spring thawed patches appeared.(D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak)

When we left the station, a bluish light was already dawning over Feodosia.(K.G. Paustovsky)

And in the distance, where the sun rises in the summer, you can see the star of the Kremlin Tower.(Yu. Kazakov)

He couldn’t see anything behind the barns, because there was a huge snowdrift there.(M.M. Prishvin)

After that, Anya didn’t have a single free day, as she took part either in a picnic, or in a walk, or in a play.(A.P. Chekhov)

NON-UNION COMPLEX SENTENCES

A non-union sentence is a complex sentence, the parts of which are connected not by unions and allied words, but by meaning, intonation, the relationship of aspectual forms of verbs and the order of the parts.

The sky darkens at the edges; The still air suffuses with a prickly heat.(I.S. Turgenev)

There are no brocades held behind her, no crown shimmers on her head.(M.V. Alpatov)

There were no men at that hour; everyone had left in the morning.(Ch. Aitmatov)

Ears of corn hit you in the face, cornflowers cling to your legs, quails cry all around, the horse runs at a lazy trot.(I.S. Turgenev)

Suddenly there was a sharp whooping sound, the troika in front of us seemed to take off, rushed and, having galloped to the bridge, immediately stopped rooted to the spot a little to the side of the road.(I.S. Turgenev)

There was a snowstorm outside; the wind howled, the shutters shook and rattled; everything seemed to her a threat and a sad omen.(A.S. Pushkin)

You greeted him, walked away - the sonorous clang of the scythe is heard behind you.(I.S. Turgenev)

Here and there in the distance, ripening rye turns yellow, and buckwheat turns red in narrow stripes.(I.S. Turgenev)

But here one circumstance seemed strange to him: the two who landed on the shore were similar to each other, like two oars.(A.N. Tolstoy)

The dacha in the stunted birch forest seemed uninhabited - the porch had rotted, the windows were boarded up with boards over the shutters. The glass in the mezzanine was broken, the corners of the house were overgrown with moss under the remains of drainpipes, and quinoa grew under the window sills.(A.N. Tolstoy)

There were two caps on each bottle: one metal - easily removed, the other rubber.(M.M. Prishvin)

Suvorov sat calmly in the reclining chairs; he leaned back on the soft back and listened attentively to Rumyantsev’s rapid speech.(S.T. Grigoriev)

He looked back: two clouds of bluish smoke rose above the two guns and stretched along the beam.(L.N. Tolstoy)

The ships stayed here for five months; a year has already passed since we sailed from Suu harbor.(I. Efremov)

But suddenly his face wrinkled, his eyes rolled up, his breathing stopped...(A.P. Chekhov)

Chervyakov was not at all embarrassed, wiped himself with a handkerchief and, like a polite person, looked around him: had he bothered anyone with his sneezing?(A.P. Chekhov)

The tattered sails, mended many times, rose again, and the oars creaked in the worn wood.(I. Efremov)

The monotonous sandy shore unfolded like a long ribbon; the cliffs towering at a distance were painted in the sun's rays in multi-colored, sometimes gloomy, sometimes joyful patterns.(I. Efremov)

The wonderful city will sometimes merge
From flying clouds;
But only the wind will touch him,
He will disappear without a trace.(E. Baratynsky)

§ 1 Union and non-union complex sentences

In this lesson we will look at groups of complex sentences and systematize our knowledge about them.

So, it is known that complex sentences, depending on the means of communication between the parts, are divided into allied and non-allied.

For example:

The conjunction between the parts of a complex sentence is carried out using the conjunction that and intonation.

The non-union connection between the parts of a complex sentence is carried out using intonation.

§ 2 Types of complex conjunction sentences. Compound Sentences

Depending on the means of communication, compound sentences are divided into compound sentences (CCS) and complex sentences (CCS).

The parts of any complex sentence are connected using coordinating conjunctions and intonation. Coordinating conjunctions can connect both homogeneous members of a sentence and equal simple sentences as part of a compound sentence.

For example:

A simple sentence with homogeneous predicates.

Complex sentence -

Coordinating conjunctions are divided into three groups:

Connecting: and; yes (meaning and); not only... but also; both... and;

·Adverse: a; But; yes (meaning but); however; but;

Separating: or; or; then... then; not that... not that.

The semantic connection of simple sentences within a complex sentence is determined by the conjunctions by which they are connected. Depending on the group of conjunctions, a semantic connection can convey simultaneity and sequence of actions, causal relationships, alternation of events and their mutual exclusion, as well as comparison and contrast.

For example:

This compound sentence reflects the alternation of events conveyed with the help of the disjunctive conjunction not this...not that.

§ 3 Complex sentences

Parts of a complex sentence are connected using subordinating conjunctions or allied words (in the form of pronouns and adverbs) and intonation. Both subordinating conjunctions and allied words connect simple sentences in a complex sentence, one of which is subordinate in meaning to the other, i.e. from one sentence (main) to another (subordinate) you can pose a question.

For example:

Subordinating conjunctions are divided into the following groups:

·Causal: because; because; because; in view of the fact that; thanks to the fact that; due to the fact that; due to the fact that, etc.;

· Target: in order (to); in order to; so that etc.;

·Temporary: when; only; only only; Bye; barely, etc.;

Conditional: if; if; once; whether; how soon, etc.;

·Comparative: how; as if; as if; as if; exactly, etc.;

· Explanatory: what; to; like others;

·Concessive: despite the fact that; Although; no matter what, etc.

The semantic connection of simple sentences within a complex sentence is also determined by the conjunctions by which they are connected. Subordinating conjunctions can indicate the cause, condition, purpose of those events and phenomena referred to in the main sentence.

For example:

In a complex sentence, the meaning of the goal is conveyed, reflected with the help of the conjunction so.

The conjunction between parts of a complex sentence, as well as between homogeneous members of a simple sentence, is often used as a stylistic device called polyunion, or polysyndeton.

For example:

The ocean walked before my eyes, and swayed, and thundered, and sparkled, and faded, and glowed, and went somewhere into infinity.

Or a poem by Z.N. Gippius, seething with political passions, written in the form of a polyunion, using the conditional conjunction “if”:

If the light goes out, I can't see anything. If a person is a beast, I hate him. If a person is worse than a beast, I kill him. If my Russia is over, I die.

This stylistic device, which consists of deliberately increasing the number of conjunctions in a sentence, slowing down speech with forced pauses, emphasizes the role of each word in the sentence, creates unity of enumeration and enhances the expressiveness of speech.

§ 4 Brief summary of the lesson

Of course, being a unit of communication, both compound and complex sentences are at the same time a unit of formation and expression of thought. The ability to correctly construct and use complex sentences in speech reflects a person’s intelligence.

List of used literature:

1. Zolotareva I.V., Dmitrieva L.P., Egorova N.V. Lesson developments in the Russian language: grade 11. – M.: VAKO, 2005. – 320 p. - (To help the school teacher).
2. Baranov M.T. Russian language: Reference materials: a manual for students. – M.: Education, 2007. – 285 p.
3. Egorova N.V. Lesson developments in the Russian language: a universal guide. 9th grade. – M.: VAKO, 2007. – 224 p.
4. Bogdanova G.A. Russian language lessons in 9th grade: a book for teachers. – M.: Education, 2007. – 171 p.

It was understood as a combination of simple sentences, achieved using certain syntactic means and characterized by semantic, constructive and intonational integrity. But its parts are not simple sentences, since: 1) they often cannot be independent communicative units, but exist only as part of a complex one; 2) do not have intonation completeness; 3) the entire proposal entirely answers one information question, i.e. represents one communicative unit. It is more correct to consider them not simple sentences, but predicative units.

Classification of complex sentences

Let's look at compound and examples and their classification. Let's start with the fact that both are complex. Complex sentences differ in the nature of the connection, the nature of the predicative units, and the order of the parts. They are union and non-union. Conjunctive sentences, which we will focus on in this article, are, in turn, divided into compound and complex sentences (see examples below).

Complex sentence (SSP)

The structural-semantic classification of SPP is based on an important formal feature - the nature of the syntactic, formal dependence of the subordinate part on the main one. This feature unites the scientific classifications of V.A. Beloshapkova and "Russian Grammar-80". All SPPs are divided into sentences of undivided and dissected types. Their differential features are as follows.

Undivided type

1. The subordinate part is in a clause position (refers to one word in the main one), a clause or correlative connection (refers to a demonstrative pronoun).

2. One of the parts is synsemantic, i.e. cannot be a semantically sufficient communicative unit outside of a complex sentence.

3. Means of communication - syntactic (multi-valued) conjunctions and allied words.

Exploded type

1. The subordinate clause refers to the entire main sentence: a determinative connection.

2. Both parts are autosemantic, i.e. potentially capable of existing independently.

3. Means of communication - semantic (unambiguous) conjunctions.

The most important sign is the first, structural sign.

Further classification of dissected type SPPs is carried out taking into account the content, semantic aspects (such as time, condition, concession, cause, purpose, consequence, comparative, comparative aspect that a complex sentence may have).

Examples from fiction and other suggestions:

• Several hours have passed since I left the city (temporarily).
• If you can, come by two o'clock (condition).
• Although it was already late, the lights were on in the house (concession).
• I almost never have free time, music requires full dedication (reason).
• To study well, you need to work hard (goal).
• His eyes shone like stars shine in the dark sky (comparative).
• If he masters thought, then he even more masters form (comparative).

The classification of NGN of an undifferentiated type is primarily based on a structural feature - the nature of the means of communication, and only at the second stage - on semantic differences.

Types of non-divided type IBS

1. With a union connection: explanatory, defining (quantitative, qualitative, qualification) and comparative.

2. With pronominal connection: pronominal-interrogative and pronominal-relative complex sentences.

Examples from fiction and other sentences with conjunctions:

• It’s stupid that you won’t come (explanatory).
• The air is so clean, as if it were not there (definitive, quantitative).
• He spoke quickly, as if he was being urged on (definitive, qualitative).
• All this happened as if no one was in the room (determinative complex sentence).

Examples from literature and other sentences with pronominal connections:

• You had to hear how he spoke (pronominal interrogative).
• The house we live in is new (pronominal-relative, oriented).
• No matter who applied, there was no refusal (pronominal relative, unoriented complex sentence).

Examples of sentences (grade 5, the Russian language textbook will help you continue this list), as you can see, can be given in a variety of ways.

A more detailed theoretical part can be found in many manuals (for example, V.A. Beloshapkova Grammar-80, etc.).

Complex sentences- These are sentences consisting of several simple ones.

The main means of connecting simple sentences into complex ones are intonation, conjunctions (coordinating and subordinating) and allied words (relative pronouns and pronominal adverbs).

Depending on the means of communication, complex sentences are divided into allied And non-union. Union proposals are divided into compound And complex.

Compound Sentences (SSPs) are complex sentences in which simple sentences are linked to each other by intonation and coordinating conjunctions.

Types of compound sentences by nature of the conjunction and meaning

Pay attention!

1) Coordinating conjunctions can connect not only parts of a complex sentence, but also homogeneous members. Their distinction is especially important for punctuation marks. Therefore, when analyzing, be sure to highlight the grammatical basics in order to determine the type of sentence (simple with homogeneous members or complex sentence).

Wed: A man walked from a smoky ice hole and carried a large sturgeon(Peskov) - a simple sentence with homogeneous predicates; I'll give you money for the trip, and you can call a helicopter(Peskov) is a complex sentence.

2) Coordinating conjunctions usually take place at the beginning of the second clause (the second simple sentence).

In some places the Danube serves as a border, but it serves and is expensive people to each other(Peskov).

The exception is unions, too, also, particles-unions, only. They necessarily occupy or can occupy a place in the middle of the second part (the second simple sentence).

My sister and I cried, my mother also cried(Aksakov); His comrades treated him with hostility, but the soldiers truly loved him.(Kuprin).

Therefore, when parsing, such complex sentences are often confused with non-union complex sentences.

3) The double conjunction not only..., but also expresses gradational relations and is classified as a connecting conjunction in school textbooks. Very often, when parsing, only the second part is taken into account ( but also) and are mistakenly classified as adversative conjunctions. To avoid making mistakes, try replacing this double conjunction with the conjunction and.

Wed: Language should not only be understandable or simple, but also language must be good (L. Tolstoy). - Language must be understandable or simple, and language must be good.

4) Compound sentences are very diverse in meaning. Quite often they are close in meaning to complex sentences.

Wed: If you leave, it will become dark(Shefner). - If you leave, it will become dark; I didn't eat anything, but I didn't feel hungry(Tendryakov). - Although I didn't eat anything, I didn't feel hungry.

However, during analysis, it is not this specific meaning that is taken into account, but the meaning determined by the type of coordinating conjunction (conjunctive, adversative, disjunctive).

Notes In some textbooks and manuals, complex sentences include complex sentences with explanatory conjunctions that is, namely, For example: The board authorized him to speed up the work, that is, in other words, he authorized himself to do this(Kuprin); Bird flights developed as an adaptive instinctive act, namely: it gives birds opportunity to avoid unfavorable winter conditions(Peskov). Other researchers classify them as complex sentences or separate them into an independent type of complex sentences. Some researchers classify sentences with particles only as non-union sentences.