In July 2015, the President of Russia signed Federal Law on Education 273 as amended. The previous version was adopted on December 21, 2012.
This bill provides every citizen of Russia with the constitutionally guaranteed right to receive education in our country. Let's look at what changes were made to it.
Changes:
- The deadline for completing documentation for school institutions and universities has been extended until 2017. In particular, these institutions have another year to properly issue their license and undergo accreditation.
- Also, the winners of the Olympiads can use their achievements for another 4 years when entering higher educational institutions in Russia.
- The educational system has also undergone changes. Thus, preschool institutions are now classified as level 1 of vocational training.
Types of education in the Russian Federation according to the new law
According to the new law (Article 10, 273 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation as amended in 2016), types of education in our country are divided into four levels of education:
- 1. Preschool
- 2. General initial
- 3. Basic general
- 4. Overall average.
The stages of professional knowledge acquisition are as follows:
- 1. Secondary vocational
- 2. Higher education – bachelor’s degree
- 3. Higher education – specialty, master’s degree
- 4. Training of the highest personnel qualifications.
Teacher's methodological day according to the new law 273
According to Article 46 of the Federal Law in the new edition, persons who have undergone appropriate special training in educational institutions of higher and professional order have the right to engage in teaching activities. The teaching staff must regularly improve their qualifications.
A separate paragraph of Article 49 states that certification of education workers must be carried out no less than once every five years. In addition, there is a so-called intermediate certification, which is carried out almost every year.
The teacher is responsible for drawing up his own work plan for students. For this purpose, he is given a special methodological day, on which the teacher draws up lesson plans and adjusts his work.
Article 273 of the Federal Law on Education in the Russian Federation
Law 273 is an important document regulating public relations in the field of the educational process. This current regulatory legal act is freely available on the official website of the Ministry of Education, the text is provided with all the latest additions. You can also read its summary, features and main provisions for free online on the Wikipedia resource. Websites on the Internet provide an explanation of the concept of the Federal State Educational Standard - what it is, with answers and pictures. In particular, it says that the Federal State Educational Standard (or educational standard) is a set of requirements for training and the level of training of teaching staff. This document has been approved by the federal government of our state.
Academic calendar 2016
The 2016 academic calendar is developed by the teaching staff based on Article 32 of the Law on Education in the Russian Federation. He identifies two parts of the educational system that outline the plan for the upcoming school year. The act must also indicate the date on which it was adopted.
Requirements for the work program
Federal Law 273 On Education in the Russian Federation defines the requirements for the work program, the charter of educational institutions, and the responsibilities of teachers, parents and students.
According to the law, all children have the right to knowledge, the implementation of which is primarily entrusted to schools. The guarantor of this right is the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The program also includes amendments to the educational process regarding persons with disabilities.
The student must attend school and must not miss classes without a good reason. The student is also obliged to monitor his health, personal hygiene, compliance with discipline and rules of behavior in society.
Responsibilities of parents under the law
The currently valid Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” No. 273-FZ was adopted on December 29, 2012. However, since then, various amendments have been adopted, changes have been made, or by-laws have been adopted to clarify or supplement certain provisions of the legal document. This article will highlight the main provisions of this law.
Structure of the education system
The educational system in Russia consists of several interrelated elements:
Determining the content - FGT, Federal State Educational Standards, programs and standards in individual subjects and in general for the formation of a graduate;
Those controlling the implementation are municipal authorities and higher;
Forming a portrait of a graduate - potential employers, organizations, institutions, public associations, etc.;
Those participating in the implementation of the social order are teachers, schoolchildren and their parents, as well as educational institutions at all levels of education.
Education levels
The general education system is represented by several categories:
Professional education:
professional education;
additional education.
There are four levels of general education:
Preschool;
initial;
basic;
average.
An innovation is the recognition of preschool education as one of the levels of the educational system, which increases the importance of attending kindergartens. The once familiar name for the upper level of the school stage of education has been replaced by the term “secondary general education,” and the “levels” themselves have disappeared from official documents. From now on these are “levels of education”.
Professional education also does not lag behind general education, whose multi-level structure is also represented by four levels:
Average;
higher education with bachelor's degrees;
higher education with training of specialists and masters;
higher education with training of highly qualified personnel.
With the introduction of the new law, the structure of vocational education has undergone many significant changes. Among them:
Introduction of the previously existing initial vocational training into the structure of secondary vocational education under the label “training of qualified specialists”;
Traditional vocational education has been renamed into training for mid-level specialists;
A third level of training of highly qualified personnel has appeared in the higher education system - residency, postgraduate studies, etc.;
Doctoral studies have been moved beyond the scope of education and included in the scientific sphere.
Is preschool education considered compulsory?
According to the provisions, preschool education is the right of a citizen of the Russian Federation and is supported by a state guarantee of its receipt. This is precisely a right, and not an obligation, therefore the decision whether to use it or not is made by the legal representatives of a minor child independently. This will not affect enrollment in the 1st grade of an educational institution.
Is postgraduate study still available as postgraduate education?
The previously existing professional postgraduate education has been transformed into the highest level of professional education for the training of qualified personnel under special programs. The list of these programs includes:
Scientific and pedagogical postgraduate studies (postgraduate studies);
residency;
internship assistant.
How can you get an education?
The legislative framework in the field of education presupposes a choice not only of forms of education. Thus, legal representatives of minor Russian citizens have the right to send their child for education to an institution specially created for this purpose - school, technical school, college, gymnasium, lyceum, institute, etc. Or they may limit themselves to home schooling or family education.
As a rule, the majority receives education according to the first option. But it’s possible here too several scenarios that are usually in demand when receiving higher professional education:
Full-time education;
part-time;
completely correspondence.
Family education or homeschooling is less common. This option is mainly used by people with disabilities.
In December 2012, the Duma adopted a new federal law “On Education” No. 273-FZ; the entry into force of most of its provisions was September 2013, although the entry into force of some articles was postponed to January 2014. Also until January 2016 . time was allotted for educational institutions to make changes to their charters to transition to new standards.
This law is a comprehensive act that has replaced a number of regulatory documents. It integrated a number of general provisions and standards governing relations in all subtypes of education. This document guarantees that preschool, school, and additional education (in schools, secondary vocational institutions) will be free and accessible to the public.
For the first time, schoolchildren had the opportunity to study on an individual schedule. This helps to combine school with sports and music schools.
For the first time, the law takes into account the interests of disabled children - individual provisions describe in detail how their learning process should proceed. In addition, the adopted document guarantees that these children receive high-quality, free education up to higher professional education. The legislation also introduced inclusive education, that is, joint education of children with disabilities with those who do not.
The concept of “network interaction” was introduced - this is the cooperation of all institutions of sports, culture, and additional education. The division of educational organizations into types, which always created unreasonable bureaucratic barriers, has been abolished; this will also simplify admission to a school or other institution.
The school uniform should have a business style, but the schools themselves will have the right to decide what exactly it will be.
Parental responsibilities and rights
This law gives parents a preferential right to educate minors and indicates that it is they who are obliged to invest in them the foundations of intellectual, physical, and moral development. Parental responsibilities also include:
- 1. Ensure that minors receive general education.
- 2. Comply with the rules of all educational organizations where their children study.
- 3. Formalize relationships with training organizations, as well as their termination.
- 4. Respect the honor and dignity of employees of training organizations.
- 5. Bear responsibility for failure to comply with the provisions of this law.
Parents' rights:
- 1. Choose a training organization for children.
- 2. Give the child family knowledge.
- 3. Get acquainted with the charter of the training organization, its license for the right to study, the form of state accreditation, educational documentation, etc.
- 4. Get acquainted with teaching methods.
- 5. Protect the rights of children studying.
- 6. Receive (and in a timely manner) information about all examinations: psychological, others. Give permission to carry them out.
- 7. Take part in the management of the training organization, within the framework of the charter.
Preschool education
The current law has made preschool knowledge acquisition the first level of the system. However, this preschool level does not provide for a final knowledge test. Benefits have been preserved for low-income families, disabled children, orphans, and tuberculosis patients.
Family education
Family education is a provision of this law that officially allows for a targeted learning process outside a specialized institution, that is, in the family. The implementation of this opportunity will allow parents to educate minors in the family until they receive a general education. Periodic reporting to the school is required by law for this type of cultural education.
Paid services
This law regulates what educational material is required for children to receive and how many educational hours must be spent on a particular topic. For additional hours, in accordance with Article 23 of the Federal Law, funds from budgets will be allocated only by decision of local government. If they do not allocate money, then the educational organization can provide paid services in such cases. This applies to extended day groups in any organization. If a school provides paid services, then the relevant information about this must be included in its charter.
In kindergartens (abbreviated as preschool educational institutions), education itself is free, but, as before, you will have to pay for child care.
Education levels
This legal act provides for the following levels of general knowledge acquisition:
- preschool
- initial general
- basic general
- average overall
Levels of professional education:
- average professional
- Bachelor's degree (not graduated from university)
- specialty (graduated from university)
- master's degree (postgraduate)
- training of highly qualified personnel.
Changes in the law on education in the Russian Federation
Many changes have been made to the text, in addition to those indicated above, the following important points include:
- Teachers received special status - the length of their vacations increased, they will be able to retire earlier. And their salaries cannot be less than the average level in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. There are also other benefits for teachers and regular professional development.
- They didn’t forget about higher education - the number of beneficiaries was increased. Every year, performance monitoring is carried out at any university.
- Unified State Examination results are valid for 5 years.
- Certification of ninth graders has become mandatory.
Knowledge is what helps a person build his life, so it is extremely important that the state encourages everyone who strives to obtain it. It is also extremely important that, according to the latest changes included in the new edition, disabled children have the opportunity to receive knowledge on an equal basis with ordinary schoolchildren and students. This practice has long found positive responses in other countries.
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