1. Comparative phrases starting with words as if, as if, rather than, exactly, etc. separated by commas (I like cinema more than/than theater.)

2. Revolutions with a conjunction are separated by commas:

• if they denote simile and do not contain any additional shades of meaning (The night was approaching and growing like a thundercloud.).
• if before the phrase there are demonstrative words so, such, that, so (His facial features were the same as his sister’s.),
• if the phrase is introduced into the sentence with the combination like and (I have been to London, as well as to other European cities.),
• if this combination of type is none other than and nothing other than (None other than a tall palace rose in front.)

3. Revolutions with conjunctions are not separated by commas:

• if the adverbial meaning is in the foreground (The ring burns like heat - can be replaced with the combination burns with heat),
• if the meaning of equating or identifying is in the foreground (I’m telling you this as a doctor.),
• if the turnover is part of a complex predicate or is closely related to it in meaning (Work as work.),
• if the turnover is a stable expression (Everything went like clockwork.),
• if there is a negative particle not before the phrase (I did not act like a patriot.).

7.6 Punctuation marks for qualifying parts of a sentence

End of work -

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It is necessary to distinguish between the sounds and letters of our speech
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Punctuation between subject and predicate
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Dash between subject and predicate
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Separate members of the sentence
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Separating definitions and applications
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Applications with union like
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Isolation of circumstances
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Punctuation marks for qualifying parts of a sentence
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Introductory and plug-in sentences
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Appeal
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Interjection
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Affirmative, negative and interrogative words
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Text integrity
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General characteristics of styles
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If “as” is used in the meaning of “like” and instead of it you can write another comparative conjunction (“as if”, “exactly”, “as if”, etc.), for example: “The scarlet flag blazed like.”

If demonstrative words (“such”, “so”, “so”, “that”) are used in the main part of the sentence, for example: “Nothing makes a person better than intelligence.”

If the comparative phrase is introduced by the phrase “like and”, for example: “The sister, like everyone else, tried to stand out from the crowd.”

If the comparative phrase is an application, it can be replaced by a subordinate clause with the conjunctions “since”, “since”, “because” or introduced by the conjunction “being”, for example: “As your guardian, I demand obedience and respect”;

If in a comparative conjunction “as” is used in the following combinations: “as an exception”, “as usual”, “as a rule”, “as”, “as before”, “as always”. For example: “As usual, it was full of people, most of whom we saw for the first time.”

If the comparative phrase is the following combinations: “no one else but”; "nothing else but"; “no one else like”; "nothing else but." For example: “Your action was nothing more than an attempt to disgrace me.”

Turnover with “how”: when not to use commas

If the meaning of the phrase represents a circumstance of a manner of action, which could be replaced by the instrumental case of a noun, for example: “Why are you following me like a tail?” - “Why are you following me with your tail?”

Commas are not used if the comparative phrase is a phraseological unit: “as if by chance,” “hungry like a wolf,” “dirty like a pig,” etc.

If the conjunction “as” has the meaning “as”, for example: “He presented me as a wife” - “He presented me as a wife.”

If the comparative phrase in its lexical meaning identifies with someone or equates to someone, for example: “Don’t look at me as if I’m dying (don’t look at me as if I’m dying).”

A comparative phrase with “how” is not separated by commas if it is a nominal part of the predicate, for example: “Father and mother are like strangers to her.”

If the comparative phrase is part of the predicate or is closely related lexically: “She is like the sun of warmth.”

If before the comparative phrase there is a negative particle “not” of the word: “completely”, “at all”, “like”, “exactly”, “almost”, “exactly”, “directly”, etc., for example : “You’re acting just like a child!”

1. Comparative phrases beginning with comparative conjunctions as, as if, exactly, as if, as if, what, than, rather than, usually highlighted or separated by commas.

For example: 1) Poplar fluff, like Black Sea foam, rolled onto the panels in the surf (K. Paustovsky). In the hollows the fog turns white like milk (L. Tolstoy). Towards the end of the hunt, the ducks, as if saying goodbye, began to rise in whole flocks (I. Turgenev). 4) The white birch tree under my window was covered with snow, like silver (S. Yesenin). 5) And suddenly an unknown force, gentler than a spring breeze, lifts her into the air (A. Pushkin). 6) Our days, dear friends, run like morning shadows, like the waters of a fast stream (A. Pushkin).

2. RPMs always stand out How, If:

a) the main part of the sentence contains words so, so and so on: 1) Nowhere do they bow as nobly and naturally when they meet each other as on Nevsky Prospect (N. Gogol). 2) He avoided such entertainment as theater and concerts (A. Chekhov);

b) the turnover is introduced by the union like(or if after How you can insert and): 1) To Moscow, as well as to the whole country, I feel my filiality... (K. Paustovsky). 2) In war, trees, like people, each have their own destiny (M. Sholokhov);

c) turnover with as has a causal meaning: 1) Of course, as a kind person, Levin loved people more than he disliked them (L. Tolstoy)(= being a good man, since he was a good man). 2) Leontyev was carried away by this idea, but, as a cautious person, he did not tell anyone about it yet (K. Paustovsky);

d) turnover is expressed in combinations as a rule, as an exception, as usual, as always, as before, as on purpose, as now, as now etc.: 1) I see, as now, a little light, three windows, a porch and a door (A. Pushkin). 2) What a shame! As luck would have it, not a soul! (N. Gogol).

d) is part of expressions none other than; nothing more than: 1) The proposed article is nothing more than the introduction to the article itself O Pushkin (V. Belinsky). 2) The guest was none other than our venerable Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, long abandoned by us (N. Gogol).

3. A comparative phrase located in the middle of a sentence is not separated by commas on both sides, but is separated by one comma if it is necessary to show which part of the sentence (which member of the sentence) it refers to. For example: 1) At the very time when Volynsky, amorous as an ardent youth, was talking in this way with his passion, the portrait of his wife... caught his eye (I. Lazhechnikov)(comparative turnover like an ardent young man is not separated by a comma from the word amorous, because it is meaningfully connected with it: “amorous as an ardent youth”; if you put a comma in front How, then it makes sense "talked like an ardent youth"). 2) The Neva swelled and roared, bubbling and swirling like a cauldron, and suddenly, like a frantic beast, it rushed towards the city (A. Pushkin)(not “she rushed like a beast”, but “like a wild beast”).

4. Comparative turnover are not separated by commas in the following cases:

a) if the turnover is part of the predicate: 1) His face was pale eyes like glass (A. Tolstoy). 2) To the start of repairs house at all diverged and st al like a sieve(V. Soloukhin);

b) if closely related in meaning to the predicate: 1) After the telegram everything let's go like a whirlwind of snow that doesn’t let you catch your breath, blinds you, turns the world into a white rainbow (K. Paustovsky)(the turnover is closely related in meaning to the predicate; without it, the predicate does not express the desired meaning). 2) And this confusion I always I feel like happiness (K. Paustovsky);

c) if it is a stable combination: 1) Their life flowed like clockwork (A. Chekhov). 2) Yes, tell our doctor to bandage his wound and take care of him like the apple of his eye (A. Pushkin). 3) In every village they know him as if he was flaky (A. Kuprin);

d) if the union How preceded by particle Not or words almost, completely, exactly, exactly, simply: 1) Yes, he did everything not like people (M. Gorky). 2) He [Andrei Bely] surrendered to language precisely like a shaman surrendering to self-excitation (K. Fedin).

5. Revolutions with a conjunction are not comparative phrases and are not separated by commas. How, meaning “as”, “in role”, “in function”: 1) The reading public has managed to get used to Chekhov as a humorist (K. Fedin). 2) Tarusa went down in the history of our art as a place of fruitful inspiration (K. Paustovsky).

Rules of Russian spelling and punctuation. Complete academic reference book Lopatin Vladimir Vladimirovich

Punctuation marks for comparative phrases

§ 88. Comparative phrases beginning with comparative conjunctions ( as if, as if, exactly, than, rather than, as if, like, that, as well as etc.), stand out (or separate) commas: Again the darkness rose and spread over the Kulikovo field and, like a harsh cloud, the coming day is clouded(Bl.); Barely noticeable like drops of silver water, the first stars shone(Paust.); Dasha felt how everything in him was trembling with small tremors, as if from terrible excitement (A.T.); I remember the war more for work than for studying.(Chiv.); And her hair[mermaids] green, what is your hemp (T.); Aspen goes better with the northern grayish sky, than with the flaming azure of the sky (Sol.); It is known that luck as well as its antipode - failure, don't walk alone(gas.).

Comparative phrases beginning with a conjunction How, stand out:

a) if they denote similarity: At the bottom, like a steel mirror, lake streams turn blue(Tyutch.); The sun burned his hands and knees, the earth breathed hotly, it was even visible that above it, like over a brazier, the air is shaking(Boon.); Turbin was sleeping in his bedroom, and sleep hung over him, like a blurry picture (Bulg.); The roar of the city lulled me to sleep, like a lullaby (B. Past.); But there is a woman's hand that is especially sweet when it touches a tormented forehead, like eternity and fate (Eut.); From nowhere, like in a dream, my daughter floats towards me - dark and bright, like a strawberry (Current.); She looked at him like an icon, with fear and remorse(Ch.);

b) if the main part of the sentence contains demonstrative words so, so, that, so: And on the other side of the gate stood a barn, completely such along the façade, like the house (M.G.); Two such great Germans, like Schiller and Goethe, we couldn't help but meet(Paust.); His facial features were those same, like my sister (L.T.).

Note. If the union How and demonstrative words so, so with a particle same are nearby, they can merge into a single union combination: He, just like Ilyushin, studied at the Air Force Academy(A. Yakovlev).

§ 89. Always stand out combinations as a rule, as an exception, as a consequence, as always, as now, as on purpose, as for example, as now etc., except those that are included in the predicate: He came, As always, suddenly(Paust.); Like now I remember a quiet July day(Fad.); Usually, there is heavy rain in these places(cf.: It rains heavily in these places usually ).

The revolution that begins with the combination is always highlighted as well as: At Smetanina's, like Garth, there was a reverent attitude towards places marked by the memory of great people(Paust.); Levin sat down as usual, with a book on a chair(L.T.).

In revolutions none other than And nothing more than a comma is placed before the conjunction how: This task could be completed none other than He; could be seen in the distance nothing else like a small tower.

§ 90. Revolutions with comparative conjunctions (particles) as, as if, as if, exactly, as if, what are not separated by commas in the following cases:

a) with a predicate that requires specification (the turnover has the meaning of identification or equation): That's why she was looking at the ground like a vale of sorrow (New-Pr.); She perceived her mother like an older sister; ...Any official assignment at that time was perceived as the fulfillment of a sacred Revolutionary Duty (Cat.);

b) when conveying the meaning “as” (the turnover is part of the predicate): Sergei Lazo was sent by the committee as commander in chief (Fad.); ...Tamara Ivanovna understood this voice like a farewell sent after her (Spread);

c) if the turnover is predicate: Snow on the porch like quicksand (Ec.); There were splashes and waves just like in life (Fed.); Life like a legend; You to me like a song; Like a child I became a soul(T.); We are with her like sisters; Stream in the spring that the river; Her eyes like lakes ;

d) if the phrase has the meaning of a manner of action (such phrases can be replaced by the instrumental case of a noun or an adverb): We were advancing. Serbs fought like lions (Cat.) (cf.: like a lion); The path twisted like a snake (cf.: snake);

e) if the comparative phrase is preceded by a negation Not or particles completely, completely, almost, like, exactly, exactly, simply and etc.: Yes he does everything not like people (M.G.); It became light almost like daytime; He looked absolutely (at all ) like a child ;

e) if the turnover is with a union How is a stable combination: pale as death (like a canvas), shine like a mirror, gray-haired like a harrier, spin like a squirrel in a wheel, roll like cheese in butter, hungry like a wolf (like a dog), go as if to an execution, fly like an arrow, red as a lobster, know like the back of your hand, sit like on pins and needles, naked like a falcon, feel at home, stick to your throat like a knife, stop dead in your tracks, tremble like an aspen leaf, needed like air, fall like a stunned man, stubborn like a donkey, dissipate like smoke, hit you on the head like a butt, walk like a daze and etc.: You'll see - he'll take it and come back and fall out of the blue (Ait.); Like smoke dreams dissipated(L.); Suddenly he lowered the muzzle of the pistol and, turning pale as a sheet, turned to his second(L.); The rain, which began on Wednesday, poured from morning until evening, poured like buckets (Boon.).

Note. If there are some deviations in the use of stable phrases (word order, substitution of words in stable phrases, etc.), then highlighting is possible: And on the bridge, black as hell the cloak fluttered(Color.). - cf.: black like hell; Wood threads... Melt, like smoke (N. Matv.). - cf.: dispelled like smoke ; When specifying, highlighting is required: Who is it that walks boldly? like a hero, in the pre-dawn darkness of winter sometimes(Vl. Fedorov). - Wed: fought like a hero .