Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva was born in Moscow on October 8 (September 26, old style) 1892. Daughter of art professor Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev (1847-1913), founder of the Moscow Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin. Mother - Maria Alexandrovna Main (1868-1906). Sister Anastasia (Asya) was born in 1894. Half-sister Valeria (1883-1966) and brother Andrey (1890-1933) from their father’s first marriage.
In the fall of 1902, Maria Alexandrovna fell ill with consumption. The family goes abroad: Italy, Switzerland, Germany. In 1905 - Crimea, Yalta. On July 5, 1906, Maria Alexandrovna died in Tarusa.
In the fall of 1906, Marina entered a boarding school at the Moscow gymnasium. During his studies he changed 3 gymnasiums. In 1908, Marina graduated from high school, and in the summer of 1909 she went to Paris, where she attended lectures on Old French literature at the Sorbonne.
In 1909, Marina Tsvetaeva attempted suicide (according to her sister Anastasia).
Marina Tsvetaeva has been publishing her poems since she was sixteen years old. In 1910, she published at her own expense in the printing house of A.I. Mamontov's collection of poems "Evening Album" (500 copies), dedicated to Maria Bashkirtseva.
On May 5, 1911, Marina Tsvetaeva, at the invitation of Maximilian Voloshin (1877-1932), came to Crimea, where she lived with him in Koktebel. There she meets her future husband, Sergei Yakovlevich Efron. By that time he was an orphan, the son of revolutionaries, a year younger than Marina, a cadet at the Officer Academy. There, Marina Tsvetaeva meets Andrei Bely.
In 1912, the second collection of poems by Marina Tsvetaeva, “The Magic Lantern,” dedicated to her husband, Sergei Efron, was published. In the same year, the collection “From Two Books” was published.
From May to August 14, 1913, Marina Tsvetaeva, Sergei Efron and Alya lived in Koktebel. On June 27, Marina performed in Feodosia with a reading of her poems - in Lazorevsky Square, at the evening of graduating from a real school.
On August 31, 1913, a little over a year after the opening of the museum, Marina’s father, Ivan Vladimirovich, dies.
In the summer of 1915, Marina Tsvetaeva and the poetess Sofia Parnok came to Koktebel. In July, Marina met Osip Mandelstam there.
In the winter of 1915-1916, a trip to Petrograd took place, but it was not possible to meet with Blok and Akhmatova.
In 1915-1916, Marina Tsvetaeva created wonderful poetic cycles: “Poems about Moscow”, “Insomnia”, “Stenka Razin”, “Poems to Blok” (completed in 1920-1921), “Akhmatova”.
In the fall of 1917, Marina and Sergei Efron left for Crimea. On November 25, Marina returns to Moscow to pick up her children, but she can no longer go back.
In 1918, Marina Tsvetaeva wrote the cycle of poems “The Comedian” and the plays “Knave of Hearts” and “Blizzard”.
In January 1918, Sergei Efron left for Kornilov’s army.
In the winter of 1918, Marina Tsvetaeva met Vladimir Mayakovsky.
1918 - Marina Tsvetaeva met Konstantin Balmont (1867-1942), which grew into a long-term friendship.
For six months (end of 1918 - beginning of 1919) Marina works in the People's Commissariat of Nationalities, after which she promises herself to never serve anyone again.
In 1919, Marina Tsvetaeva wrote a cycle of poems “Poems to Sonechka” and plays “Fortune”, “Stone Angel”, “Adventure”, “Phoenix”.
In the fall of 1919, Marina sent her daughters to a shelter near Moscow in Kuntsevo, from where she soon took the sick Alya. On February 15, 1920, Irina dies in a shelter from exhaustion and melancholy.
In 1920, Marina Tsvetaeva wrote the poem "The Tsar Maiden".
In 1921, a collection of poems "Versts" was published. Marina Tsvetaeva writes the poems “On a Red Horse” (dedicated to Anna Akhmatova), “Egorushka” (continued in 1928, unfinished) and cycles of poems “Apprentice”, “Separation” and “Good News”.
On July 14, 1921, Marina receives the “good news” - the first letter from her husband from abroad in four and a half years.
In 1922, Marina Tsvetaeva wrote the poem “Well done” (dedicated to Boris Pasternak) and the cycles of poems “Drifts” (dedicated to Ehrenburg), and “Trees” (dedicated to Anna Teskova).
On May 11, 1922, Marina and her daughter Alya went into exile. On May 15, 1922 they arrive in Berlin.
On August 1, 1922, Marina Tsvetaeva moved to Prague. Habitats there: Gornie Mokropsy, Prague, Ilovishchi, Dolnie Mokropsy, Vshenory. Sergei Efron receives a student scholarship, and Marina Tsvetaeva receives assistance from the Czech government and fees from the magazine "Volya Rossii".
In 1922, Marina Tsvetaeva and K.B. met. (Konstantin Boleslavovich Rodzevich), the break with whom in 1923 served as the basis for writing “Poem of the Mountain”, “Poem of the End” and the poem “An Attempt of Jealousy”.
In 1923, Marina Tsvetaeva wrote a cycle of poems, “Wires.”
In 1923, the collection “Craft” was published by the Helikon publishing house in Berlin.
In 1924, Marina Tsvetaeva wrote the play "Ariadne".
In 1925, Marina Tsvetaeva wrote the poem "The Pied Piper".
Spring-autumn 1926 - Vendée and Bellevue, until spring 1932 - Meudon (a suburb of Paris), April 1932-1934 - Clamart (another suburb), from autumn 1934 to autumn 1938 - Vanves (also a suburb), September 1938 - summer 1939 - Hotel Innova in the center of Paris, on Boulevard Pasteur.
Trips: March 1926 to London, end of April - end of September 1926 to Saint-Gilles, summer 1928 to Pontillac, October 1929, March 1932 and summer 1936 to Brussels, September 30 to Savoy, summer months (not annually) at sea. August 1934 - on a farm near Elancourt. Summer of 1935 - on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, in the town of La Favière. Summer of 1936 - first the Sea of Saint-Loin, August and half of September - Chateau d'Arsin (an ancient castle near the town of Bonneville, in Savoy). Summer of 1937 - in a village on the Gironde River. Spring of 1938 - at sea.
In 1926, Marina Tsvetaeva wrote the poems “From the Sea”, “Attempt of a Room”, “Poem of a Staircase”.
In the spring of 1926, Pasternak introduced Marina Tsvetaeva in absentia to Rainer Maria Rilke (1875-1926). "A Romance of Three" ("Letters of the Summer of 1926").
December 29, 1926 - Rilke's death. It was answered in the form of the poem “New Year’s”, “Poem of the Air” and the essay “Your Death”.
At the end of 1927, Marina Tsvetaeva wrote the play “Phaedra” and the essay “The Poet on Criticism,” which was received with hostility by the Russian emigration.
In 1928, the book “After Russia” was published. Marina Tsvetaeva writes the poem "Red Bull".
1928 - Tsvetaeva welcomes Mayakovsky’s arrival in Paris, after which almost the entire Russian emigration opposes her.
In 1929, Marina Tsvetaeva completed the poem "Perekop", wrote the essay "Natalia Goncharova", and in 1930 she created a requiem for the death of Mayakovsky - a cycle of poems "To Mayakovsky".
In 1931, Marina Tsvetaeva wrote a cycle of poems “Poems to Pushkin” and an essay “The History of One Dedication.”
In 1931, Sergei Efron asked for Soviet citizenship, became a Soviet intelligence officer, and an active figure in the Homecoming Union.
In 1932, Marina Tsvetaeva wrote the essays “Poet and Time”, “Epic and Lyrics in Modern Russia” (about Boris Pasternak and Vladimir Mayakovsky) and “Living about Living (Voloshin)”.
In 1933, Marina Tsvetaeva wrote a cycle of poems “The Table”, an essay “Two Forest Kings”, “The Birth of the Museum”, “Opening of the Museum”, “The Tower in the Ivy”, “The House of Old Pimen”, “Poets with History and Poets Without History” ".
In 1934, Marina Tsvetaeva wrote the essays “Kirillovna”, “Life Insurance”, “Mother and Music”, “Mother’s Tale”, “Captive Spirit (my meeting with Andrei Bely)”.
In 1935, Marina Tsvetaeva wrote a cycle of poems “Tombstone”, a poem “Singer”, and an essay “Devil”.
In June 1935, at a writers' congress in Paris, a meeting (“non-meeting”) between Marina Tsvetaeva and Boris Pasternak took place.
In 1936, Marina Tsvetaeva wrote a cycle of poems “Poems for an Orphan”, finished the poem “Bus”, wrote essays “Charlottenburg”, “The Uniform”, “The Laurel Wreath”, “The Tale of Balmont”.
In 1937, Marina Tsvetaeva wrote the essays “My Pushkin”, “Pushkin and Pugachev”, “The Tale of Sonechka”.
On March 15, 1937, Marina Tsvetaeva’s daughter Ariadna goes to Moscow. Later, in the fall of 1937, Sergei Efron, suspected by the Parisian police of the murder of former Soviet agent Ignatius Reis, was forced to leave for the USSR.
In 1938-39, Marina Tsvetaeva wrote a cycle of poems, “Poems for the Czech Republic.”
In 1939, Anastasia Tsvetaeva was arrested, but this was hidden from Marina.
On June 12, 1939, Marina Tsvetaeva left Paris, on June 16 she left the French port of Le Havre, and on June 18 she arrived in Moscow.
Until October 1939, Marina Tsvetaeva lived in a dacha in Bolshevo, then a month in Moscow, from December 1939 to June 7, 1940 - in Golitsyn, then before evacuation in different apartments in Moscow.
On the night of August 27-28, 1939, Ariadne Ephron was arrested. She spent a total of less than 17 years in camps and exile.
November 1939 - arrest of Sergei Efron.
In 1940, a collection of poems by Marina Tsvetaeva was prepared for Goslitizdat. He was “cut down” after the publication of Cornelius Zelinsky’s review.
In April 1941, Marina Tsvetaeva was accepted into the trade union committee of writers at Goslitizdat.
On August 8, 1941, Marina Tsvetaeva and her son Mur left Moscow by ship for evacuation. August 18 - arrival in Yelabuga. On August 26, Marina Tsvetaeva writes an application for a job as a dishwasher in the canteen of the Literary Fund. On August 28 he returns to Yelabuga.
On August 31, 1941, Marina Tsvetaeva hanged herself. The exact location of her grave is still unknown.
Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna (life - 1892-1941) - famous Russian poetess. She was the daughter (1847-1913) of a scientist. Her work is characterized by romantic maximalism, rejection of everyday life, the doom of love, and motives of loneliness. The main collections of the poetess are “Milestones” (1921), “Craft” published in 1923, “After Russia” (1928). She also created a satirical poem called “The Pied Piper” in 1925, and “The Poem of the End” the following year. The biography of Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva will be discussed in this article.
Tsvetaeva family
Marina Tsvetaeva was born on September 26 (Old Style - October 8), 1892 in Moscow. Her father, as we have already mentioned, was a scientist who specialized in ancient history, art and epigraphy. He was the creator and also the first director (from 1911 to 1913) of the Museum of Fine Arts. The professor's first marriage was very successful, but after the birth of two children, the young wife died, and Ivan Tsvetaev remarried Maria Main. In 1892, on September 26, this couple had a girl who received the name Marina (that is, “sea”). This is how the biography of Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva begins.
Mother, Maine died in 1906. She was a pianist, a student of A. G. Rubinstein. This woman had a huge influence on Marina. She dreamed that her daughter would also become a pianist. However, the world of poetry attracted young Tsvetaeva more than the performance of scales. At the age of six, the girl wrote her first poems. Moreover, Marina worked not only in Russian, but also in French and German. The mother raised her daughters (Marina and her sister Anastasia) quite strictly. They received an excellent education. The grandfather of the half-brother and sister is the historian and publicist Dmitry Ivanovich Ilovaisky.
Childhood of the future poetess
The biography of Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva in her youth is noted by the fact that as a child, due to her mother’s illness, she lived for a long time in Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. Breaks in training at the gymnasium were made up for by classes in boarding schools in Freiburg and Lausanne. Marina was fluent in German and French. She attended a course in French literature at the Sorbonne in 1909.
Early independence
After the death of the mother, caring for the children fell on the shoulders of the father. He was busy at work, so he could not devote all his time to them. That is why, perhaps, the girls grew up independent beyond their years and began to take an interest quite early in the political situation in the state and relationships with the opposite sex.
Education of Marina Tsvetaeva
At the insistence of her mother, at a young age Marina Tsvetaeva went to a music school and also took music lessons at home. But these activities did not develop further after Mary’s death. Marina and her sister received their primary education at home, under the guidance of their mother. At the age of 8-9 years, the future poetess attended classes at the M. T. Bryukhonenko gymnasium, and then in Switzerland, in Lausanne. She studied in a Catholic boarding school in 1903, and then went to a French boarding school after the family moved again. Tsvetaeva continued her studies in Germany, at a boarding school in Freiburg. Languages were easy for her, and subsequently she often made money from translations, since creativity did not bring much income to a poetess like Marina Tsvetaeva. Her biography and poems began to arouse interest among many only after her death.
Marina went to Paris in 1908, where she entered the Sorbonne. Here she attended a course of lectures on Old French literature.
Beginning of literary activity
The creative biography of Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva begins as follows. The first literary experiments were associated with the circle of symbolists from Moscow. Marina Ivanovna met Bryusov, who had a great influence on her early poetry, as well as such a poet as Elios (Kobylinsky Lev Lvovich). She participated in the activities of studios and circles located at the Musaget publishing house. Also greatly influenced by the artistic and poetic world at home (in Crimea) of the art critic and poet Maximilian Voloshin. She visited Koktebel many times.
First collections
In his two poetry collections “Evening Album” (1910) and “Magic Lantern” (1912), as well as in the poem “The Sorcerer” written in 1914, he carefully described household items (portraits, mirrors, living room, nursery), reading, walks on the boulevard, music lessons, relationships with her sister and mother, the diary of a young schoolgirl was imitated. “Evening Album” was dedicated to the memory of Maria Konstantinovna Bashkirtseva, an artist, which emphasizes the diary, confessional orientation. In the poem “On a Red Horse,” written in 1921, the story of the poet’s development took the form of a fabulous romantic ballad.
Further creativity
Dedicated to relationships with (whom we will talk about later) the cycle of poems “Girlfriend” appeared in 1916. During the Civil War, a cycle called “Swan Song” was published, which was dedicated to the feat of white officers. Her work includes poems and romantic plays, for example “On a Red Horse”, “Egorushka”, “The Tsar Maiden”.
The affair with Rodzevich inspired the creation of the collections “Poem of the End” and “Poem of the Mountain.” Marina's last lifetime collection was published in Paris. The family moved here from the Czech Republic in 1928. However, most of her poems remained unpublished. Marina made her living mainly through translations and creative evenings.
Tragedy
The biggest mystery of the family of Efron (the poetess’s husband) and Tsvetaeva: what prompted them to move to the USSR in 1939? A former white officer, Efron, who fought stubbornly against the Bolsheviks, suddenly believed in the triumph of communism. While still in Paris, he contacted a society controlled by the NKVD, which was engaged in the return of emigrants to their homeland. In 1937, the first to return to Moscow was Marina Tsvetaeva’s daughter, Ariadna (who was arrested before anyone else). After this, Sergei Efron fled, as he was compromised by connections in Paris with the NKVD. Marina and her son followed her husband, fulfilling the duty of a loving wife to the end.
The last years of Marina Ivanovna’s life
The following events complete her biography. Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva survived the arrest of her husband and daughter in 1939, this crippled the poetess. She was left alone with her son George. Moreover, the relationship with him, spoiled by overly enthusiastic attention, was ambiguous. Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva was very worried about all this in recent years. A brief biography based on the dates of the last years of her life ends with the following fateful event. On August 31, 1941, after being evacuated to Yelabuga due to the outbreak of World War II, Tsvetaeva hanged herself on the Kama River, in the entryway of the house that had been allocated for her and her son. The grave of Marina Tsvetaeva was never found, despite the efforts made by her sister Anastasia, who was rehabilitated in 1959, as well as her daughter Ariadna (rehabilitated in 1955). In August 1941, Sergei Efron was shot in Moscow.
This is a short biography of Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva.
The meaning of the poetess’s creativity
The poetess we are interested in, unfortunately, did not receive recognition during her lifetime. She had to go hungry, and her creative evenings and collections were not appreciated by her contemporaries. At present, however, Tsvetaeva is rightfully considered one of the most prominent representatives of Russian poetry of the Silver Age. A short biography of Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva, as well as her poems, are included in the compulsory school curriculum. Her poems are very popular today, many of which have become famous romances set to music. Now Marina Tsvetaeva enjoys love and recognition not only in Russia, but also abroad. A short biography in English of Marina Ivanovna, for example, has been created by many authors. In the Netherlands, in Leiden, there is a house on the wall of which Tsvetaeva’s poems are written (photo below).
The personal life of this poetess (she herself did not like this word, she called herself a poet) is inseparable from her work. Therefore, we should talk about several interesting facts that mark her biography. Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva wrote her best works in a state of love, at a moment of strong emotional experiences.
There were many stormy romances in Marina’s life, but the only love that passed through the poet’s entire life was Sergei Efron, who became her husband and the father of her children.
They met romantically in Crimea in 1911. Marina, at that time an aspiring poetess, was staying here at the invitation of her close friend.
He came to Crimea to receive treatment after consumption, and also to recover from his mother’s suicide. Already in 1912, in January, they got married. At the same time, Tsvetaeva’s daughter Ariadna was born. However, despite the fact that Marina valued her husband very much, 2 years after the birth of Ali (as Ariadne’s family called her), she plunges headlong into a new novel. And this time, Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva fell in love with a woman, poetess and translator Sofya Parnok. The short biography for children, of course, does not mention this. Efron experienced his wife’s infatuation very painfully, but forgave her. In 1916, after many quarrels and reconciliations, Tsvetaeva finally broke up with Parnok and returned to her family.
After reconciliation with her husband in 1917, Marina gave birth to Irina, who became a disappointment for Tsvetaeva, who wanted a son. Efron participated in the white movement, fought with the Bolsheviks, so he left Moscow after the revolution and went south, where he participated in the defense of Crimea. He emigrated only after Denikin’s army was completely defeated.
Marina Tsvetaeva remained in Moscow with her two children. The family was without a livelihood and was forced to sell things in order to feed themselves. However, despite all efforts, the mother was unable to save her youngest daughter. Ira died of hunger in the shelter, where Tsvetaeva sent her, hoping that the girl would eat better here.
During the separation from her husband, Marina experienced several more affairs, but decided in 1922 to go abroad to Sergei Efron. Having already united with her husband, Marina, during the period of emigration in the Czech Republic, met Rodzevich, whom some historians consider to be the real father of George, the long-awaited son who was born in 1925. But officially it is Efron. Marina Tsvetaeva herself repeatedly emphasized (a biography, interesting facts from whose life we reviewed) that she had finally given birth to a son for her husband. In this way, she partially atoned for the guilt she felt after her daughter died in post-revolutionary Moscow.
This is the poetess Marina Tsvetaeva. The biography and interesting facts from her life, we hope, made the reader want to continue getting acquainted with this bright representative. We recommend reading her poems. Truly talented works were created by Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva. A short biography (we hope you remember what the Silver Age is called) was created in order to arouse interest in her work.
- Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva was born on October 8 (September 26), 1892 in Moscow.
- Marina Tsvetaeva's father, Ivan Vladimirovich, was a professor at Moscow University. Later he founded the Museum of Fine Arts (now it is the State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin).
- Tsvetaeva’s mother’s name was Maria Alexandrovna (maiden name Main).
- Marina Tsvetaeva, by her own admission, began writing poetry at the age of seven.
- 1902 - Maria Alexandrovna falls ill and has consumption. Because of this, the Tsvetaev family moves to Europe and lives in Italy, Switzerland, and Germany. Marina Tsvetaeva studies French and German.
- 1905 - The Tsvetaevs stop in Crimea, where Maria Alexandrovna dies a year later.
- 1908 - 1910 - Marina Tsvetaeva studies in several gymnasiums, without staying anywhere for long. She writes poetry and is going to release her own collection.
- 1910 - Marina Tsvetaeva’s first book, “Evening Album,” is published.
- 1911 - in Koktebel, the poetess meets her future husband Sergei Yakovlevich Efron.
- January 1912 - wedding of Marina Tsvetaeva and Sergei Efron. A month later, Tsvetaeva’s second book, “The Magic Lantern,” was published.
- September 18 (5), 1912 - the daughter of Tsvetaeva and Efron Ariadne is born.
- 1913 – publication of the collection “From Two Books”.
- 1914 - the family moves to Moscow. Tsvetaeva writes the poem “The Sorcerer”.
- 1916 - the poetess’s poems are published in almost every issue of the magazine “Northern Notes” (Petrograd). Tsvetaeva is translating the novel “A New Hope” by the Frenchwoman Anne de Noailles.
- April 13, 1917 - Tsvetaeva and Efron’s second daughter, Irina, is born.
- Marina Tsvetaeva perceives the October Revolution as a disaster.
- Beginning of 1918 - Sergei Efron travels to Rostov, where Kornilov’s volunteer army is formed. The separation from his wife will last more than four years. This year Marina Tsvetaeva is writing romantic plays “Jack of Hearts”, “Blizzard”, “Adventure”. Serves in the People's Commissariat for some time.
- 1919 - Tsvetaeva writes the plays “Fortune”, “Stone Angel”, “Phoenix”, the cycle “Poems to Sonechka”. There is famine in Moscow. In the fall, someone advises the poetess to send her daughters to an orphanage in Kuntsevo. Already at the end of November, Tsvetaeva takes her seriously ill eldest daughter Alya from there.
- February 16, 1920 - Irina dies of exhaustion in the shelter.
- The same year the fairy tale poem “The Tsar Maiden” was written.
- 1921 - Marina Tsvetaeva receives news from her husband. He is alive, but cannot stay in Russia and must move to the Czech Republic. The poetess is getting ready to go to him and begins paperwork. In the same year he wrote several poetic cycles, including a poetic requiem for Alexander Blok. The private publishing house "Kostry" publishes a small collection of her poems, "Marches", which includes 35 poems.
- 1922 - Marina Tsvetaeva and Ariadna travel to Berlin. The poetess’s books “Separation” and “Poems for Blok” have already been published here. On June 7, Sergei Efron arrives in Berlin, and in August the whole family goes to Prague.
- The same year - Tsvetaeva begins correspondence with Boris Pasternak, finishes the fairy tale poem “Well done”, which she began in Moscow.
- August 1922 – October 1925 – life in the Czech Republic.
- 1923 – the book “Craft” is published. Marina Tsvetaeva’s short romance with Konstantin Boleslavovich Rodzevich, dedicating many poems to him.
- February 1, 1925 - Tsvetaeva and Efron have a son, Georgy. The family is preparing to move to Paris. The poetess is working on the poem “The Pied Piper.”
- November 1 of the same year - arrival in Paris. Due to poverty, the family is forced to live in the suburbs.
- 1928 - Marina Tsvetaeva’s book of poems “After Russia” is published. This is the last book published during the poetess's lifetime. Meeting V.V. Mayakovsky and the birth of rumors about their romance, which slightly spoil Tsvetaeva’s reputation.
- 1931 - Sergei Efron changes his political beliefs and applies for Soviet citizenship. He works in a security organization and is planning to return to Russia. His wife does not support him in this.
- 1933 - the poetic cycle “The Table” was written, along with a number of autobiographical essays and articles.
- 1935 - the cycle of poems “Tombstone”, the poem “Singer”, and the essay “Devil” were completed.
- 1936 - Marina Tsvetaeva writes a cycle of poems “Poems for an Orphan”, finishes the poem “Bus”, writes the essays “Charlottenburg”, “The Uniform”, “The Laurel Wreath”, “The Tale of Balmont”.
- 1937 - essays “My Pushkin”, “Pushkin and Pugachev”, “The Tale of Sonechka” were written. In March of the same year, Ariadne left for the Soviet Union. In October, with the help of Soviet intelligence, Sergei Efron, involved in a political murder, was urgently sent there. Marina Tsvetaeva is summoned for questioning by the French police.
- 1938 – 1939 – Tsvetaeva writes a lot about the Czech Republic (the cycles “September”, “March”, “Poems about the Czech Republic”).
- June 1939 - Marina Tsvetaeva and her son leave Paris for the Soviet Union.
- July - August 1939 - work on translations into French of poems by M.Yu. Lermontov.
- August - October 1939 - Ariadna and Sergei were arrested. Tsvetaeva writes letters to the NKVD and personally to L.P. Beria with requests to sort it out, but to no avail.
- 1940 - Tsvetaeva and Georgy live in poverty, renting only part of a room in Golitsin (Moscow region). They manage to receive the luggage sent from Paris only in August of this year - it was detained by the NKVD. In despair, Tsvetaeva sends a telegram to the Central Committee: “Help me, I’m in a desperate situation, writer Marina Tsvetaeva.” Manages to get a room in Moscow.
- October of the same year - Tsvetaeva compiles a book of her poems. K. Zelinsky, having read the manuscript, writes a devastating review. The poetess has to earn money by translating.
- Summer 1941 - Marina Tsvetaeva and her son are evacuated to Yelabuga. Here again difficulties with housing and work begin: they rent part of the room “behind the curtain,” and Tsvetaeva writes a request to be hired as a dishwasher in the Literary Fund’s canteen, which has not yet opened.
- August 31, 1941 - Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva committed suicide. Before hanging himself, he leaves notes for his son, the owners of the hut, and those who will bury her. The poetess is buried at the Yelabuga cemetery, her grave is lost.
From winter to early summer. M. Tsvetaeva and Moore live in Golitsyn, near Moscow;
she rents part of a room in a hut, not far from the House of Writers (they go there for lunch and dinner).
December 23. He writes a letter to Stalin about his husband and daughter, asking him to sort it out.
Without consequence. Periodically travels to Moscow with parcels for her husband and daughter.
Several lyric poems were written in Golitsyn, an autobiography for the proposed “Literary Encyclopedia”, and he corresponded with the writer L. Vepritskaya. M. Tsvetaeva devotes most of her time to translating poems by Vazha Pshavela, ballads about Robin Hood, etc. On June 7, 1940, M. Tsvetaeva was forced to leave Golitsyn forever.
In Moscow, at first, M. Tsvetaeva found a short-lived refuge on Nikitskaya (then Herzen Street).
June 14. She wrote a second letter to Beria, terribly worried about her husband’s health and asking for permission to meet with him.
To no avail.
In the summer I worked on translations of Bulgarians (E. Bagryany, N. Lankova, L. Stoyanov). In August the luggage was finally received.
August. M. Tsvetaeva sent a telegram to the Kremlin: “Help me, I’m in a desperate situation, writer Marina Tsvetaeva.” Moore sent this telegram by mail.
August 31. M. Tsvetaeva was summoned to the Central Committee;
there they turned to the writers to help them find a room (as M. Tsvetaeva’s son wrote down.)
End of September. M. Tsvetaeva moved into a room at house No. 14/5 on Pokrovsky Boulevard; the owners were leaving for a long time.
September. Working on translation.
October. She worked on compiling her own book of poems.
The manuscript of the book came to K. Zelinsky, who responded to it with a vile review: M. Tsvetaeva’s poems, he wrote, “from the other world,” the book is “stifling, sick”; M. Tsvetaeva “has nothing to say to people.” (Marina Ivanovna, of course, was not shown the entire review.)
December. M. Tsvetaeva worked on translations of Ivan Franko. And most importantly, she completed the brilliant translation of “Swimming” by Charles Baudelaire. And she translated several French songs.
1912 - marriage, birth of daughter Ariadne. The second book of poems "The Magic Lantern".
1917-1920 - work on the book “Swan Camp”.
1922-1925 - intense literary work: the books “Versts” (1922), “The Craft”, “Psyche” (1923), the tragedies “Ariadne” (1924), “Phaedra” (1927), an essay about the poets “My Pushkin” ", "Living about Living" (1926), poems "Poem of the Mountain", "Poem of the End" (1924).
1922-1939 - emigration. Life in Berlin, Czechoslovakia, France. Homesickness, difficult living conditions. Publication of the poem “The Tsar Maiden”, books of poems “Separation”, “Poems to Blok”, “Craft” and “Psyche” in various publishing houses in Berlin. The poem “Well done” and the autobiographical story “My Services” were published in Prague; “Poem of the Mountain” and “Poem of the End” were published in Paris.
1937 - permission to return to Russia. Material from the site
1939 - return to Russia. The arrest of her husband and daughter, a new stage of homelessness and poverty, a miserable existence at the expense of meager transfers.
1941 - the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. Evacuation with my son in the Kama region (Elabuga).
1941, August 31 - in Yelabuga, under the weight of personal misfortunes, alone, in a state of mental depression, Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva committed suicide.
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