Clean air is the key to life on earth. "Clean air is the key to health"

Topic: Clean air is the key to health

Goals: Study the mechanisms of interaction of natural objects with air.

Tasks: give an idea of ​​why air necessary for life on earth, about its significance for life; develop research skills, the ability to observe, compare, draw conclusions, develop thinking, cognitive interest in the world around us; develop communication skills, collaborate in a small group, listen to comrades, cultivate a caring attitude towards nature.

Lesson type. Combined lesson.

Lesson type. Research project.

Equipment: presentation, for experience: matches, flask, 2 candles, presentations, film “Air Pollution” - 3.45 minutes, rebus, task cards.

Progress of the lesson.

I. Psychological attitude

Breathing exercises.

1. Take a deep breath, exhale in portions.

2. Take a deep breath, exhale with a hiss.

3. Take a deep breath - arms up through your sides, rise onto your toes, exhale - lower your arms down.

Why did we start the lesson with a breathing warm-up? (oxygen enters the blood through the lungs and improves brain function)

II. Updating knowledge and goal setting

We received an unusual telegram marked “ECOLOGY”.

What is ecology? (on the table of each group is a definition from Ozhegov’s dictionary)

Ecology is a science that studies how plants and animals are connected to air, water, earth, and humans, how humans depend on nature and how they influence it through their actions.

Study the telegram and tell me what it is about. (We are for clean air).

Based on the concept of ECOLOGY, who do you think could have sent this telegram? Anyone who depends on clean air (plants, water, animals, humans).

An interaction diagram appears on the board.

What does the phrase “CLEAN AIR” mean? Is there DIRTY air?

The problem is air pollution

Hypothesis –air people pollute.

Target. Find ways to solve the problem (how to save air).

What people are called. Which ones solve such problems? (ecologists)

Ozhegov’s dictionary says that ecologists are people who deal with ecology and protect nature. They explain to everyone how to live and run a household so as not to destroy nature and themselves.

– To realize the purpose of the lesson, I propose to work according to the following plan and do a little research.

Students read the points of the plan :

PLAN

2. Study of air pollution factors.

3. Study of natural factors that purify the air.

4. Studying methods of air purification.

1. Properties and composition of clean air.

Brainstorming Strategy

Name the basic concepts that relate to the topic “Air” (from each group in turn)

Carousel strategy

The box contains questions on the topic “Air”. We read the question to the next group. The neighboring group responds and so on.

Mini-test “Air and its protection” (one group does the test on a computer - simulator, the rest on pieces of paper)

peer review in pairs.

Evaluation criteria:

“5” - all answers are correct

“4” - four correct answers

“3” - three correct answers

lower than three – did not finish studying (textbook page 66 -67)

1. What is air?

A) gas

B) special liquid

B) mixture of gases

2. What substances make up air?

a) hydrogen, copper, zinc;

b) oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide;

c) chlorine, fluorine, iodine.

3. What air gas is needed for breathing?

a) nitrogen;

b) oxygen;

c) carbon dioxide.

4. What properties does air have?

a) blue, like the sky, conducts sounds, transmits sun rays, has no odor.

b) transparent, colorless, odorless, expands when heated and contracts when cooled, conducts heat poorly.

c) dust blows through the air with the wind, the smell depends on surrounding objects, and with a sharp change in the boundary of heat and cold, winds are formed.

5. What happens to air when heated?

a) boils

b) turns into water

c) expands

III. Research project.

3. Study of air pollution factors (work in groups with the textbook text from 68-69)

Study the text and answer the questions:

What pollutes the atmosphere? ( 1 group)

How does air pollution affect human health? ( 2nd group)

How does air pollution affect plants? ( 3 group)

Look at the photographs and name the main sources of air pollution. (4 group)

Guys, people and animals, factories and machines - everyone needs air. Why isn’t there less of it on earth? (answers)

Because there are green plants on Earth. A person breathes oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide. And plants, as it were, breathe carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen, which is necessary for people and animals.

Guys, what can cause air pollution?

Many factories are being built in cities. From their chimneys smoke rises into the air, containing a lot of dust and toxic substances harmful to the health of all living beings. Car exhaust fumes also pollute the air.

What do people do to keep the air clean? (answers)

Factories operate installations that capture dust and toxic gases. Scientists are developing new cars that will not pollute the air..

The main air purifier is green spaces. That's why it's so easy to breathe in the forest.

And in the city, poplar and sunflower are the best at purifying the air from pollution. The poplar tree alone produces as much oxygen as 3 linden trees, 7 spruce trees, and 4 aspen trees.

Nowadays, a lot is being done to protect air cleanliness:

1) Many enterprises operate installations that capture dust, soot, and toxic gases.

2) Scientists are developing new cars that will not pollute the air.

- "Candle Burning" Experience

Problem: Do you think fire pollutes the air?

What happens if you hold a metal spoon over the flame of an ordinary candle?

Proposing hypotheses: Those who want to express their opinions.

(We repeat the rules for handling fire and hot objects)

Conducting the experiment:

Hold a metal spoon over the candle flame. We show the resulting soot, cool it and offer to touch it with your finger. What did your finger look like?

Conclusion: the same dirt gets into the air along with the smoke, and then we breathe it.

Which gas is the most important in the air? (Oxygen - we all breathe oxygen.)

We inhale air that contains oxygen, and we exhale air without oxygen. This gas is called carbon dioxide and is unsuitable for breathing.
We need oxygen to breathe, just like plants. Only during the day they produce oxygen, and at night, on the contrary, they release carbon dioxide, so you can’t keep a lot of flowers in the room where you sleep.

Physical exercise.

Game “What pollutes the air?” (clap hands)

Forest, fire, plastic bottles, birds, car exhaust, cigarettes, animals, factory smoke, grass, plowed land, insects.

4. Solving environmental problems (work in groups).

Solve the problem:

1 group . One large tree produces as much oxygen per day as is needed for one person. In the city, due to the release of exhaust gases into the atmosphere, the release of oxygen is reduced by 10 times.How many trees should there be? to provide oxygen to the city of Rudny, home to 100,000 people?(1,000,000 large trees)

2nd group . A small coniferous forest filters out 35 tons of dust per year, and the same deciduous forest filters out 70 tons.How many times Does a coniferous forest filter out less dust per year than a deciduous forest? What trees are best to plant in the city?(2 times. It is better to plant deciduous trees)

3 group . The oak grove releases 830 kg per year. oxygen, and the same pine grove - 540 kg.How much more does an oak grove produce more oxygen than a pine grove?(290kg more)

4 group . Of the 250,000 plant species on Earth, 1/10 are endangered.How many plant species on Earth are on the verge of extinction? (25,000 species)

5 group. Each inhabitant of the Earth spends the amount of paper per year that is obtained from three coniferous trees. How many coniferous trees per year are required foryours family?(5 people=15 coniferous trees)

Based on the results of the tasks, draw a conclusion on the third point of our plan.

Unfortunately, there are often problems with the green spaces of the city: the wrong tree species are chosen that are required for the city.

Man and air

Human activities sometimes cause enormous harm to the planet.

Waste from plants and factories Slide “Smoke of factories and factories”

Forest fires Slide “Fires”

Urban pollution Slide " Smog of cities"

Lots of cars Slide “Cars”, Slide “Deforestation”

Is the air on our planet clean?

5. Watch the film “Air Pollution” - 3 min. 45 sec

What can we do to maintain clean air? (students' answers)

On whom does the cleanliness of our planet depend? ?

IV. Reflection. Poster “Clean air is the key to health”

Children bring illustrations and material from newspapers and magazines in advance , and the group makes a collage on the topic.

Plant trees

Love trees!

Let there be more of them

By rivers and roads...

Life is cloudless -

And the earth turns green,

And gentle

Born in the leaves

Breeze.

V. Homework: Work on the “Clean City” project:

Draw a picture on A-4 format, write at least 5 rules: “How to make the city clean.”

Full name teachers, position and place of work: Gavrilova Elena Vikorovna. Teacher of primary classes of secondary school No. 12 named after. F. Dosymova, Atyrau
Class: 3rd grade
Topic: “Clean air is the key to health. Peace"
Subject: Knowledge of the world
Objective of the lesson:
To form students’ ideas about the sources of air pollution, about ways to solve the problem of air pollution, about the importance of air in the life of humans, animals and plants, to convince them of the need to maintain cleanliness in the house, city, and nature.
To develop elements of research, the ability to look for ways to solve a problem, reason, draw conclusions, and the creative abilities of students.
To cultivate a caring attitude towards the air - the wealth of nature, the ability to work in pairs, and interest in the subject.
Lesson type: Learning new knowledge.
Methods: Verbal, visual, partially search, practical, independent
work, project method.
Forms: Frontal-collective, individual, work in pairs, collective,
role play
Lesson progress
Organizational moment.
Psychological mood.
The world around us
Interesting to know
Its secrets and mysteries
We are ready to solve
- Which section are we working on now?
- Let's remember how everything works in nature?
- We are surrounded by bodies created by nature and made by human hands.
- What does the body consist of?
- The body consists of matter.
- Have we talked about all the substances that exist in nature?
- Of course not.
2. Updating knowledge.
- Without what substances is there life?
- Without food, water, air, heat.
- We got several answers. I will ask a riddle, and the answer will be the answer to my question:
Passes through the nose into the chest,
And he's on his way back.
He's invisible and yet
We cannot live without him.
- This substance is air.
Association "Air".
Students work independently in their notebooks for 1-2 minutes.
Exchange of notebooks
Drawing up a general map.
Discussion.
Summing up.
3. Statement of the educational task.
- What is the topic of our lesson?
- Air and its protection.
- Yes, we will talk about air, but our topic may sound different?
- Why does air need to be protected?
- This is a substance necessary for life.
- Why is air necessary for life on earth? This is the question we will have to answer.
4. Work on new material.
To answer this question we will conduct a little research.
Preserving clean air. Slide: “The planet is suffocating!”
Our planet is human home.
How can she live under a smoky hood?!
Here she is sad, delving into her thoughts.
Here she is swimming! Still trusts people!
Still lives! Still trusts people!
Here she is crying, asking for help,
Asks to come to the rescue!
- Look, guys, our planet is suffocating and crying.
- What are these tears?
1 tear - slide "Transport". - What does this drawing say? (students' reasoning)
-Right. The largest amount of harmful substances enters the air with car exhaust gases. Every car must have filters that clean exhaust gases. The future lies in cars that run using solar energy, electricity and hydrogen.
2 Tear – slide “Factories”
- What does this drawing say? (students' reasoning)
-Man uses everything the Earth gives without thinking about the consequences. As the population grows, the needs of humanity grow. People require more and more different things to satisfy them. Therefore, more and more resources are being consumed, the economy and technology are developing, and there are more and more factories. Harmful substances enter the air from the chimneys of factories and factories, and it becomes polluted. Breathing such air is harmful, and people often get sick. It is necessary for plants and factories to have special installations that capture harmful substances and do not release them into the air. Our republic has adopted the Law “On Environmental Protection”. The country's President N. Nazarbayev has identified ways to achieve the environmental safety of our state: environmental work in Atyrau.
3rd tear – slide “Deforestation” “Fires”. -What does this picture tell you? (students' reasoning)
- Every leaf, every blade of grass is a natural oxygen factory on the planet, a natural filter that cleanses the earth’s atmosphere. They absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, collect harmful substances on their leaves, which end up in the air along with the smoke of factories and factories. One large tree produces as much oxygen per day as is needed for one person. Therefore, in the forest it is easier to breathe, food becomes tastier, and healthy, sound sleep comes.
- What do you think is the most terrible disaster for the forest, which can completely destroy it?
- Fire.
- No wonder they say: “1 million matches can be made from 1 tree, 1 match can destroy 1 million trees.”
The poem "What can trees do?" Practical work.
4 tears - slide “Garbage”
We, the inhabitants of the Earth, throw away a huge amount of household waste. Household waste includes food scraps, boxes, bags, paper, cans, rags, bottles. Every year the amount of garbage that people throw away increases, because the world's population is growing all the time. There are special containers for garbage, located in specially designated places, and you cannot throw garbage anywhere.
Physical exercise. Breathing exercises.
Work according to the textbook.
Reading text with stops.
Reading 1 paragraph.
-What can happen to people, animals and plants on Earth if the air is heavily polluted?
Reading 2 paragraphs.
- Do you know which organ is responsible for purifying the air that enters it, and how the purification takes place.
Reading 3 paragraphs.
- Where do you think the air is cleaner - in the field, in the forest or in the city? Explain why?
Reading 4 paragraphs.
- What helps keep the air clean?
Reading paragraph 5.
Creative work. Work in pairs. On the first half of the sheet, draw how you take part in keeping the air clean, and on the second half, what you will do when you become adults.
Presentation of works. Project protection.
- What kind of work is being carried out in our city?
- What changes have you noticed?
Work from the textbook. Reading the rules for planting trees.
Lesson summary. Generalization of syncwine composition.
- What pollutes the air the most?
- Life without air is impossible.
- Without air, our planet would be a lifeless celestial body. The Earth is not a massive giant, but rather a fragile Christmas ball.
- Slide “Did you like the lesson?”
11. Assessment.
12. Homework.

Creation date: 2013/11/27

People have long understood that clean air is necessary for humans, clean air is the key to health. A person can live without food for about five weeks, without water for five days, without air for only five minutes.

A person eats 1.5 kg of food per day, drinks about two liters of water and inhales several thousand liters of air. He may refuse poor quality food or water of questionable purity, but he has to inhale the air in which he is currently located, even if it is polluted or hazardous to health.

Air and human health are closely related and interdependent. Experts have long established that among various environmental factors affecting public health, air pollution plays a special role.

Air pollution problem

Until recently, the issue of air pollution was not given much importance. But over the past decades, due to the rapid growth of industry and transport, the situation has changed dramatically. Currently, the problem of air pollution and poisoning affects literally everyone.

In 1991, the amount of harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere of the Kirov region reached 413.7 thousand tons. In subsequent years, by the beginning of 1996, the amount of emissions decreased by 1.8 times. Consequently, each square kilometer of territory receives an average of 1.8 tons of pollutants, which is 1.2 times higher than this figure for Russia.

The main role in anthropogenic pollution of the region's air is played by industry and transport. The activities of industrial enterprises are the leading factor that has a negative impact on the quality of the natural environment. The structure of their emissions is dominated by carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, solids, and nitrogen oxides. Among the main industrial air pollutants are energy, forestry, chemical and petrochemical industries, which account for about half of all emissions of harmful substances.

A significant contribution to the level of air pollution is made by road transport, which accounts for 80% of all emissions. Cars, when burning fuel, emit about 300 types of pollutants into the atmosphere along with exhaust gases. One car absorbs 4 tons of oxygen from the atmosphere, emitting 800 kg of carbon monoxide, about 40 kg of nitrogen oxides and almost 200 kg of hydrocarbons with exhaust gases. Exhaust gases also contain lead compounds, which is a heavy metal that accumulates in the human body and can contribute to the formation of various tumors.

Air and human health

The wealth of any state consists not only of material and spiritual values, but also of the people who inhabit it and produce values, and not just people, but healthy people. The health of citizens is a national treasure. According to some data, the health of the population depends 50% on lifestyle, 20% on genetic factors, 10% on the work of health authorities and 20% on the state of the environment. The quality of the natural environment, especially the air, is noticeably decreasing, and this in turn has an extremely negative impact on the health of the population, increasing its morbidity.

According to a study of oncological diseases, in heavily polluted cities of Siberia and the Far East, the incidence rate in men is 25%, and in women 39% higher than in moderately and lightly polluted cities. In general, an increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms is observed in most countries of the world. In Russia, from 1980 to 1990, the number of newly diagnosed cancer patients increased by 22%, and the number of deaths by 27.3%. According to available data, about 20% of the population lives in conditions of constantly high levels of air pollution with several harmful substances, which affects people's health.

The overall morbidity rate in the population of the Kirov region, compared to 1990, has increased by 10%, which is undoubtedly due to the polluted environment. Due to air pollution, the annual growth rate of cancer is increasing by 2.3%. The most common tumors are the lungs, breast, skin and hematopoietic organs. In recent years, high incidence rates have been recorded in the northwestern and central regions of the region.

Main environmental pollutants and their effects:

• sulfur dioxide - irritating effects, disruption of metabolic processes in the body, enhances the effect of carcinogenic substances. Causes diseases of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, blood, endocrine system;
• carbon monoxide - disrupts the ability of the blood to deliver oxygen to tissues, causes vascular spasms, reduces the body’s immunological reactivity;
• nitrogen oxides - decreased body resistance to diseases, decreased hemoglobin in the blood, irritation of the respiratory tract, oxygen starvation of tissues, especially in children. Strengthens the effect of carcinogenic substances. Causes diseases of the respiratory system, blood circulation, malignant neoplasms;
• lead - affects many organs and systems. Causes damage to the nervous system, hematopoietic system, and mutagenic effects.

Determination of air purity by lichen indication

There are three known ways to assess the ecological state of the environment: human sensations that arise upon contact with the environment; bioindication; chemical analysis of samples of various components of the environment.

Human perception (sense of smell) allows us to assess the state of air purity. You don't have to be a big expert to determine this. However, this perception is individual in nature and allows for a qualitative assessment. But the most accurate information can be determined using bioindication - based on the condition of the plants. Since in our area one of the main pollutants is sulfur dioxide, which is formed during the combustion of sulfur-containing fuel - heating stoves of the population, during the operation of boiler houses, as well as transport, especially diesel.

Plant resistance to sulfur dioxide varies: the least resistant to sulfur dioxide are lichens, annual bluegrass, conifers, wheat, barley and alfalfa. For a number of plants, the boundaries of their life activity and maximum permissible concentrations of sulfur dioxide in the air have been established. MPC value (mg/cubic m): for timothy and common lilac - 0.2; barberry - 0.5; meadow fescue - 1.0; maple - 2.0.

Lichens are widespread organisms with a fairly high tolerance to environmental pollution. The special sensitivity of lichens to toxic substances is explained by the fact that they cannot release harmful elements they have absorbed into the environment. Lichens react most sharply to sulfur dioxide, which quickly destroys the already small amount of their chlorophyll. A sulfur dioxide concentration of 0.5 is detrimental to all types of lichens.

Based on the structure of the thallus, lichens are divided into three types:

• crustose lichens (crust), having a thallus in the form of a thin crust and fused with the substrate so that it is impossible to separate the lichen without damaging the substrate; the crust can be smooth, granular, lumpy;
• leafy, having the appearance of thin scales or plates attached by bunches of mushroom vultures to the substrate, from which they are easily separated;
• bushy, having the appearance of thin threads or branching bushes, attached to the substrate at their base.

In order to determine the class of air pollution by lichen indication, you need to select three points: the end of Tsentralnaya Street, the school area and the turn onto the asphalt. To conduct the study, 3-5 mature trees aged 30-35 years and with a trunk diameter of more than 15 cm are selected. Based on the study, we can conclude that, based on the type of pollution, the air in the village belongs to pollution class I-II. The air around the turn onto the asphalt is more polluted. This is explained by the fact that cars and tractors constantly pass through the village. Analyzing the availability of equipment in the village, we can conclude that the exhaust gases of cars and tractors cause great harm to the cleanliness of the air. The air is also polluted by burning stoves, dust and burning garbage.

Characteristics of human health status

As a result of this air quality, today there are many people living in this village whose health has deteriorated due to the quality of the air they breathe. Due to environmental pollution, the number of diseases associated with clean air has increased over the past year. Allergic diseases and bronchitis predominate among them.

The country is undertaking a major fight against air pollution. The Law on Atmospheric Air Protection was adopted. In recent years, air pollution in cities has decreased. Measures have been developed to prevent air pollution from road transport. One of the important measures is to improve the quality of motor fuel, as well as to prohibit the use of lead-containing gasoline in cities. To reduce harmful emissions, a set of measures is used: improvement of production process technologies; development of low-waste and non-waste technologies; improvement of gas purification methods and designs of dust and gas purification traps; equipment sealing. However, the creation of the most advanced treatment facilities cannot solve the problem of protecting atmospheric air. The true fight for its purity is the fight against the need for such structures. The quality of atmospheric air can only be improved by creating waste-free industries. The bottom line is that all raw materials are converted into one product or another. Waste-free production is an almost closed system, organized by analogy with natural systems, the functioning of which is based on the biogeochemical cycle of substances.

Green spaces play a major role in protecting and maintaining the purity of atmospheric air: they absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, leaves trap dust particles. For example, up to 70% of dust settles on trees, bushes and grass. 1 hectare of forest annually absorbs about 15 tons of carbon dioxide and releases about 11 tons of oxygen.

In order to maintain clean air in the area, the following measures must be taken:

• plant green spaces, since most of the pollutants and dust settle on their leaves. Especially a lot of such substances settle on the leaves of lilac and poplar;
• in order to maintain clean air in the village in the summer, water the streets so that after the passage of a car or tractor, dust does not rise into the air;
• prohibit the burning of garbage, since burning releases many harmful substances into the air;
• use gas fueled cars or use cars whose gasoline contains low sulfur.
• administration of the rural settlement to monitor the implementation of some recommendations.

Topic: Clean air is the key to health

Goals:Study the mechanisms of interaction of natural objects with air.

Tasks: give an idea of ​​whyairnecessary for life on earth, about its significance for life; develop research skills, the ability to observe, compare, draw conclusions, develop thinking, cognitive interest in the world around us; develop communication skills, collaborate in a small group, listen to comrades, cultivate a caring attitude towards nature.

Lesson type. Combined lesson.

Lesson type . Research project.

Equipment: presentation, for experience: matches, flask, 2 candles, presentations, film “Air Pollution” - 3.45 minutes, task cards.

Progress of the lesson.

I. Psychological attitude

Breathing exercises.

1. Take a deep breath, exhale in portions.

2. Take a deep breath, exhale with a hiss.

3. Take a deep breath - arms up through your sides, rise onto your toes, exhale - lower your arms down.

Why did we start the lesson with a breathing warm-up? (oxygen enters the blood through the lungs and improves brain function)

II. Updating knowledge and goal setting

We received an unusual telegram marked “ECOLOGY”.

What is ecology? (on the table at each group is a definition from Ozhegov’s dictionary

Ecology is a science that studies how plants and animals are connected to air, water, earth, and humans, how humans depend on nature and how they influence it through their actions.

Based on the concept of ECOLOGY, who do you think could have sent this telegram? Anyone who depends on clean air (plants, water, animals, humans).

What does the phrase “CLEAN AIR” mean? Is there DIRTY air?

The problem is air pollution

Hypothesis –airpeople pollute.

Target. Find ways to solve the problem (how to save air).

What people are called. Which ones solve such problems? (ecologists)

Ozhegov’s dictionary says thatecologists – these are people who are engaged in ecology and protect nature. They explain to everyone how to live and run a household so as not to destroy nature and themselves.

– To realize the purpose of the lesson, I propose to work according to the following plan and do a little research.

Students read the points of the plan :

PLAN

2. Study of air pollution factors.

3. Study of natural factors that purify the air.

4. Studying methods of air purification.

1. Repetition. Properties and composition of clean air.

"Brainstorm"

Name the basic concepts that relate to the topic “Air” (from each group in turn)

Work in pairs. Reception of the Association. Fill in the empty squares with key concepts on the topic “Air”

AIR

Carousel game (dialogue learning – low order questions)

The box contains questions with numbers from 1-12 on the topic “Air”. The speaker takes out the question number, the teacher reads the question, and the group answers (3 questions for each group).

What is air

How much does air weigh

Where is the air

What is atmosphere

What does the atmosphere protect against?

What is the thickness of the atmosphere

Name the properties of air

What is air made of?

What gas does a person need?

How long can a person live without air?

How much oxygen does a person need per day?

Which planet has an atmosphere but no life?

Mini-test “Air and its properties” (one group does the test on the computer, the rest on pieces of paper)

peer review in pairs.

Evaluation criteria:

“5” - all answers are correct

“4” - four correct answers

“3” - three correct answers

lower than three – did not finish studying (textbook page 66 -67)

1. What is air?

A) gas

B) special liquid

B) mixture of gases

2. What substances make up air?

a) hydrogen, copper, zinc;

b) oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide;

c) chlorine, fluorine, iodine.

3. What air gas is needed for breathing?

a) nitrogen;

b) oxygen;

c) carbon dioxide.

4. What properties does air have?

a) blue, like the sky, conducts sounds, transmits sun rays, has no odor.

b) transparent, colorless, odorless, expands when heated and contracts when cooled, conducts heat poorly.

c) dust blows through the air with the wind, the smell depends on surrounding objects, and with a sharp change in the boundary of heat and cold, winds are formed.

5. What happens to air when heated?

a) boils

b) turns into water

c) expands

III. Research project.

3. Study of air pollution factors (work in groups with the textbook text from 68-69)

Study the text and answer the questions:

What pollutes the atmosphere? (1 group)

How does air pollution affect human health? (2nd group)

How does air pollution affect plants? (3 group)

Look at the photographs and name the main sources of air pollution.(4 group )

Guys, people and animals, factories and machines - everyone needs air.

Why isn’t there less of it on earth? (discussion and answers)

Because there are green plants on Earth. A person breathes oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide. And plants, as it were, breathe carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen, which is necessary for people and animals. That's why it's so easy to breathe in the forest.

Where do you think the air is cleaner: outdoors or indoors? ( group discussion and children's answers)

The room is 10 times dirtier.

Where does dust come from? (Particles of human and animal skin,

villi of various fabrics and carpets, and they contain a lot of bacteria and

microbes that infect the respiratory tract and cause various

forms of allergies.)

How to protect indoor air: at home, in the classroom?

Health rules:

1. Try to stay near the road less, and if necessary,

try not to breathe deeply, breathe only through your nose.

3. The air in apartments is very dirty due to the accumulation of dust, so

rooms must be constantly ventilated with good drafts; people should be in another room at this time.

4. Residents of the first floors should not open the windows when there are a lot of working machines under the windows, especially in the mornings, when

drivers warm up their engines.

Guys, what can cause air pollution? ?

Many factories are being built in cities. From their chimneys smoke rises into the air, containing a lot of dust and toxic substances harmful to the health of all living beings. Car exhaust fumes also pollute the air.

Human activities sometimes cause enormous harm to the planet.

Waste from plants and factories Slide “Smoke of factories and factories”

Forest fires Slide “Fires”

Urban pollution Slide " Smog of cities"

Lots of cars Slide “Cars”, Slide “Deforestation”

- "Candle Burning" Experience

Problem: Do you think fire pollutes the air?

What happens if you hold a metal spoon over the flame of an ordinary candle?

Proposing hypotheses: Those who want to express their opinions.

(We repeat the rules for handling fire and hot objects)

Conducting the experiment:

Hold a metal spoon over the candle flame. We show the resulting soot, cool it and offer to touch it with your finger. What did your finger look like?

Conclusion : the same dirt gets into the air along with the smoke, and then we breathe it.

Which gas is the most important in the air? (Oxygen - we all breathe oxygen.)

We inhale air that contains oxygen, and we exhale air without oxygen. This gas is called carbon dioxide and is unsuitable for breathing.
We need oxygen to breathe, just like plants. Only during the day they produce oxygen, and at night, on the contrary, they release carbon dioxide, so you can’t keep a lot of flowers in the room where you sleep.

Is the air on our planet clean?

What do people do to keep the air clean? (answers)

Factories operate installations that capture dust and toxic gases. Scientists are developing new cars that will not pollute the air.

And in the city, poplar and sunflower are the best at purifying the air from pollution. The poplar tree alone produces as much oxygen as 3 linden trees, 7 spruce trees, and 4 aspen trees.

Physical exercise.

Game “What pollutes the air?” (clap hands)

Forest, fire, plastic bottles, birds, car exhaust, cigarettes, animals, factory smoke, grass, plowed land, insects.

4. Solving environmental problems (work in groups).

Solve the problem:

1 group . One large tree produces as much oxygen per day as is needed for one person. In the city, due to the release of exhaust gases into the atmosphere, the release of oxygen is reduced by 10 times.How many trees should there be? to provide oxygen to the city of Rudny, home to 100,000 people?(1,000,000 large trees)

2nd group . A small coniferous forest filters out 35 tons of dust per year, and the same deciduous forest filters out 70 tons.How many times Does a coniferous forest filter out less dust per year than a deciduous forest? What trees are best to plant in the city?(2 times. It is better to plant deciduous trees)

3 group . The oak grove releases 830 kg per year. oxygen, and the same pine grove - 540 kg.How much more does an oak grove produce more oxygen than a pine grove?(290kg more)

4 group . Of the 250,000 plant species on Earth, 1/10 are endangered.How many plant species on Earth are on the verge of extinction? (25,000 species)

5 group. Each inhabitant of the Earth spends the amount of paper per year that is obtained from three coniferous trees. How many coniferous trees per year are required foryours family?(5 people=15 coniferous trees)

Based on the results of the tasks, draw a conclusion on the third point of our plan.

Unfortunately, there are often problems with the green spaces of the city: the wrong tree species are chosen that are required for the city.

5. Watching the film “Atmospheric Pollution” - 3 min. 45 sec

What can we do to maintain clean air? (students' answers)

On whom does the cleanliness of our planet depend?

6. Individual work. Show with arrows what pollutes the air.

IV. Poster “Clean air is the key to health”

Children bring illustrations in advance, material from newspapers, magazines, and in a group they makeposteron the topic.

We are talking about
That the whole Earth is our common home -
Our good home, spacious home,
We all live in it from birth.
We are also talking about this,
That we must take care of our home.
Let's prove that it's not in vain
The Earth hopes for us.
Let's save the planet
There is no other like it in the world.
Let's scatter clouds and smoke over it,
We won’t let anyone offend her!

V. Reflection.

Individual score sheet

Lesson

on the blackboardreception "Traffic light"

(children use a sticker to show how they have mastered the material)

THE SUBJECT IS UNCLEAR -

ANY QUESTIONS REMAIN –

I UNDERSTAND EVERYTHING –

V. Homework: Work on the “Clean City” project:

Draw a picture on A-4 format, write at least 5 rules: “How to make the city clean.”

Municipal budgetary educational institution
Svetlorechnaya secondary school
Zernogradsky district
“Clean air is the key to health.”
Primary school teacher:
Kovalenko A.I.
Topic: Clean air is the key to health
Objectives: To study the mechanisms of interaction of natural objects with air.
Objectives: to give an idea of ​​why air is necessary for life on earth, its importance for life; develop research skills, the ability to observe, compare, draw conclusions, develop thinking, cognitive interest in the world around us; develop communication skills, collaborate in a small group, listen to comrades, cultivate a caring attitude towards nature.
Equipment: presentation, for experience: matches, flask, 2 candles, presentations, film “Air Pollution” - 3.45 minutes, cards with tasks. Course of the lesson.
I. Psychological attitude
Breathing exercises.
1. Take a deep breath, exhale in portions.
2. Take a deep breath, exhale with a hiss.
3. Take a deep breath - arms up through your sides, rise onto your toes, exhale - lower your arms down.
- Why did we start the lesson with a breathing warm-up? (oxygen enters the blood through the lungs and improves brain function)
II. Updating knowledge
- We received an unusual telegram marked “ECOLOGY”.
- What is ecology? (on the table at each group is a definition from Ozhegov’s dictionary. Ecology is a science that studies how plants and animals are connected to air, water, earth, and humans, how humans depend on nature and how they influence it through their actions.
- Based on the concept of ECOLOGY, who do you think could have sent this telegram? Anyone who depends on clean air (plants, water, animals, humans).
What does the phrase “CLEAN AIR” mean? Is there DIRTY air?
The problem is air pollution
Hypothesis: people pollute the air.
Target. Find ways to solve the problem (how to save air).
- What people are called. Which ones solve such problems? (ecologists)
- Ozhegov’s dictionary says that ecologists are people who deal with ecology and protect nature. They explain to everyone how to live and run a household so as not to destroy nature and themselves.
– do a little research.
Students read the points of the plan:
1. Repetition. Properties and composition of clean air.
2. Study of air pollution factors.
3. Study of natural factors that purify the air.
4. Studying methods of air purification.
Properties and composition of clean air.
Game "Carousel"
The teacher reads out the question. What is air?
How much does air weigh
Where is the air
What is atmosphere
What does the atmosphere protect against?
What is the thickness of the atmosphere
Name the properties of air
What is air made of?
What gas does a person need?
How long can a person live without air?
How much oxygen does a person need per day?
Which planet has an atmosphere but no life?
Test
1. What is air?
A) gas
B) special liquid
B) mixture of gases
2. What substances make up air?
a) hydrogen, copper, zinc;
b) oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide;
c) chlorine, fluorine, iodine.
3. What air gas is needed for breathing?
a) nitrogen;
b) oxygen;
c) carbon dioxide.
4. What properties does air have?
a) blue, like the sky, conducts sounds, transmits sun rays, has no odor.
b) transparent, colorless, odorless, expands when heated and contracts when cooled, conducts heat poorly.
c) dust blows through the air with the wind, the smell depends on surrounding objects, and with a sharp change in the boundary of heat and cold, winds are formed.
5. What happens to air when heated?
a) boils
b) turns into water
c) expands
III. Research project.
3. Study of air pollution factors
answer the questions:
- What pollutes the atmosphere?
- How does air pollution affect human health?
- How does air pollution affect plants?
- Look at the photographs and name the main sources of air pollution.
Guys, people and animals, factories and machines - everyone needs air.
Why isn’t there less of it on earth? (discussion and answers)
Because there are green plants on Earth. A person breathes oxygen and exhales carbon dioxide. And plants, as it were, breathe carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen, which is necessary for people and animals. That's why it's so easy to breathe in the forest.
Where do you think the air is cleaner: outdoors or indoors? (group discussion and children’s answers)
The room is 10 times dirtier.
-Where does dust come from? (Particles of human and animal skin, villi of various fabrics and carpets, and they contain a lot of bacteria and
microbes that infect the respiratory tract and cause various
forms of allergies.)
- How to protect indoor air: at home, in the classroom?
Health rules:
1. Try to stay near the road less, and if necessary,
try not to breathe deeply, breathe only through your nose.
2. It is better to walk in parks away from roads.
3. The air in apartments is very dirty due to the accumulation of dust, so
rooms must be constantly ventilated with good drafts; people should be in another room at this time.
4. Residents of the first floors should not open the windows when there are a lot of working machines under the windows, especially in the mornings, when
drivers warm up their engines. Guys, what can cause air pollution?
Many factories are being built in cities. From their chimneys smoke rises into the air, containing a lot of dust and toxic substances harmful to the health of all living beings. Car exhaust fumes also pollute the air.
Human activities sometimes cause enormous harm to the planet.
Waste from factories and factories Slide “Smoke from factories and factories”
Forest fires Slide “Fires”
Urban pollution Slide “City smog”
Many cars Slide “Machines”, Slide “Deforestation”
- Experience “Burning a Candle”
Problem: Do you think fire pollutes the air?
What happens if you hold a metal spoon over the flame of an ordinary candle?
Proposing hypotheses: those who wish express their opinions.
(We repeat the rules for handling fire and hot objects)
Conducting the experiment:
Hold a metal spoon over the candle flame. We show the resulting soot, cool it and offer to touch it with your finger. What did your finger look like?
Conclusion: the same dirt gets into the air along with smoke, and then we breathe it.
Which gas is the most important in the air? (Oxygen - we all breathe oxygen.)
We inhale air that contains oxygen, and we exhale air without oxygen. This gas is called carbon dioxide, it is unsuitable for breathing. We need oxygen for breathing, just like plants. Only during the day they produce oxygen, and at night, on the contrary, they release carbon dioxide, so you can’t keep a lot of flowers in the room where you sleep.
Is the air on our planet clean?
What do people do to keep the air clean? (answers)
Factories operate installations that capture dust and toxic gases. Scientists are developing new cars that will not pollute the air.
And in the city, poplar and sunflower are the best at purifying the air from pollution. The poplar tree alone produces as much oxygen as 3 linden trees, 7 spruce trees, and 4 aspen trees.
Physical exercise.
Game “What pollutes the air?” (clap hands)
Forest, fire, plastic bottles, birds, car exhaust, cigarettes, animals, factory smoke, grass, plowed land, insects.4. Watching the film “Atmospheric Pollution” - 3 min. 45 sec
What can we do to maintain clean air? (students' answers)
On whom does the cleanliness of our planet depend?
IV. “Clean air is the key to health”
We are talking about the fact that the whole Earth is our common home - Our good home, a spacious house, We have all lived in it since birth. We are also talking about that, That we must take care of our home. Let's prove that it is not in vain The Earth hopes for us. Let's take care of the planet, There is no other one like it in the world. Let's scatter clouds and smoke over it, We won't let anyone offend it!
V. Reflection.
Draw a picture on A-4 format “How to make a village clean.”