The MS Word text editor has a fairly large set of special characters, which, unfortunately, not all users of this program know about. That is why, when the need arises to add this or that symbol, sign or designation, many of them do not know how to do it. One of these symbols is the diameter symbol, which, as you know, is not on the keyboard.
All special characters in Word are in the tab "Insert", in Group “Symbols”, to which we need to turn for help.
1. Place the cursor at the place in the text where you want to add the diameter icon.
2. Go to the tab "Insert" and click there in the group “Symbols” on the button "Symbol".
3. In the small window that will open after clicking, select the last item - “Other symbols”.
4. A window will open in front of you "Symbol", in which we have to find the designation of diameter.
5. In section "Kit" select item “Augmented Latin-1”.
6. Click on the diameter icon and press the button "Insert".
7. The special character you selected will appear in the document in the location you specified.
Adding a “diameter” sign using a special code
All characters that are in the “Special Characters” section of Microsoft Word have their own code designation. If you know this code, you can add the required character to the text much faster. You can see this code in the symbol window, in its lower part, by first clicking on the symbol that you need.
So, to add the “diameter” sign using code, do the following:
1. Place the cursor at the location where you want to add the symbol.
2. Enter the combination in the English layout “00D8” without quotes.
3. Without moving the cursor from the set position, press the keys “Alt+X”.
4. The diameter sign will be added.
That's all, now you know how to insert a diameter icon in Word. Using a set of special characters available in the program, you can also add other necessary characters to the text. We wish you success as you continue to explore this advanced document management program.
In the process of carrying out construction work at home or at work, it may become necessary to measure the diameter of a pipe that is already installed in the water supply or sewerage system. It is also necessary to know this parameter at the design stage of laying utility lines.
Hence the need arises to figure out how to determine the diameter of the pipe. The specific measurement method chosen depends on the size of the site and whether the piping location is accessible.
Determining diameter at home
Before measuring the diameter of the pipe, you need to prepare the following tools and devices:
- tape measure or standard ruler;
- calipers;
- camera - it will be used if necessary.
If the pipeline is accessible for measurements, and the ends of the pipes can be measured without problems, then it is enough to have a regular ruler or tape measure at your disposal. It should be borne in mind that this method is used when minimal requirements are imposed on accuracy.
In this case, measure the diameter of the pipes in the following sequence:
- The prepared tools are applied to the place where the widest part of the end of the product is located.
- Then count the number of divisions corresponding to the diameter size.
This method allows you to determine the parameters of the pipeline with an accuracy of several millimeters.
To measure the outer diameter of pipes with a small cross-section, you can use a tool such as a caliper:
- Spread its legs and apply it to the end of the product.
- Then they need to be moved so that they are pressed tightly against the outside of the pipe walls.
- Based on the scale of device values, the required parameter is found out.
This method of determining the pipe diameter gives fairly accurate results, down to tenths of a millimeter.
When the pipeline is inaccessible for measurement and is part of an already functioning water supply structure or gas main, proceed as follows: a caliper is applied to the pipe, to its side surface. In this way, the product is measured in cases where the length of the measuring device’s legs exceeds half the diameter of the pipe product.
Often in everyday life there is a need to learn how to measure the diameter of a pipe with a large cross-section. There is a simple way to do this: it is enough to know the circumference of the product and the constant π equal to 3.14.
First, using a tape measure or a piece of cord, measure the girth of the pipe. Then they substitute the known quantities into the formula d=l:π, where:
d – determined diameter;
l is the length of the measured circle.
For example, the girth of the pipe is 62.8 centimeters, then d = 62.8:3.14 = 20 centimeters or 200 millimeters.
There are situations when the laid pipeline is completely inaccessible. Then you can use the copy method. Its essence lies in the fact that a measuring instrument or a small object whose parameters are known is applied to the pipe.
For example, it could be a box of matches, the length of which is 5 centimeters. Then this section of the pipeline is photographed. Subsequent calculations are performed from the photograph. The photograph measures the apparent thickness of the product in millimeters. Then you need to convert all the obtained values into real pipe parameters, taking into account the scale of the photograph taken.
Measuring diameters in production conditions
At large facilities under construction, pipes are subject to incoming inspection before installation begins. First of all, they check the certificates and markings applied to pipe products.
The documentation must contain certain information regarding the pipes:
- nominal dimensions;
- technical specifications number and date;
- brand of metal or type of plastic;
- product lot number;
- results of the tests performed;
- chem. smelting analysis;
- type of heat treatment;
- X-ray flaw detection results.
In addition, markings containing:
- manufacturer's name;
- heat number;
- product number and its nominal parameters;
- date of manufacture;
- carbon equivalent.
Pipe lengths under production conditions are determined using measuring wire. There are also no difficulties with how to measure the diameter of a pipe with a tape measure.
For first class products, the permissible deviation in one direction or the other from the declared length is 15 millimeters. For second class – 100 millimeters.
The outer diameter of pipes is checked using the formula d = l:π-2Δр-0.2 mm, where in addition to the above values:
Δр – thickness of the tape measure material;
0.2 millimeters is the allowance for the tool to adhere to the surface.
The deviation of the external diameter from that declared by the manufacturer is allowed:
- for products with a cross-section of no more than 200 millimeters–1.5 millimeters;
- for large pipes – 0.7%.
In the latter case, ultrasonic measuring instruments are used to check pipe products. To determine the wall thickness, calipers are used, in which the division on the scale corresponds to 0.01 millimeters. The minus tolerance should not exceed 5% of the nominal thickness. In this case, the curvature cannot be more than 1.5 millimeters per 1 linear meter.
From the information described above, it is clear that it is not difficult to figure out how to determine the diameter of a pipe by its circumference or using simple measuring tools.
"Symbol table". A link to launch it can be found in the main menu on the “Start” button - by opening it, go to the “All Programs” section, to the “Standard” subsection, and then to the “Service” section, where you will find a link with this name. Another is to press win + r, in the program launch dialog that opens, enter charmap and press Enter.
Find the icon in the table diameter. Please note that there may be several similar characters here - at least two (depending on the installed font). On the first page you can find two options - select the most suitable one and double-click it, and then copy it to the clipboard by clicking the “Copy” button.
You can do without a symbol table if you are matched with this sign y code in the coding table. In Microsoft Office Word, you can enter a hexadecimal code, then press alt+x and the word processor will replace the code with its corresponding icon. The two icons you found on the first page of the symbol table correspond to hexadecimal codes 00D8 and 00F8.
Use mnemonic character codes to insert icons diameter into html pages. For example, if you place the sequence of characters ∅ or ∅ in the document code, then for a page visitor the result will look like this: ∅. The symbolic primitive ⊕ or ⊕ is like this: ⊕, ⊗ or ⊗ - ⊗, Ø or Ø - Ø, ø or ø - ø.
Sign diameter found in his drawings and accompanying documents. It is not available in all code tables, and is completely absent from the keyboard. This sign has to be entered indirectly.
Instructions
If the diameter of a metric thread is indicated, a special sign is not required. Use the capital letter M instead.
To enter a character diameter When using the OpenOffice.org Writer, Abiword and Microsoft Office Word office suites, open the symbol table. To do this, use the menu item called “Insert” - “Special character” or similar. Find the sign in the table diameter, and if that fails, try finding it in a different font. After that, click on this symbol and then on the OK button and it will be inserted.
To enter a character diameter when typing text in the browser input field, as well as when working with HTML in a TXT file editor, launch one of the office packages mentioned above, type in it diameter, using the symbol table, then select it with the mouse, copy it to the clipboard by pressing Ctrl+C, go to the desired place in the edited text, and then paste the character from the clipboard by pressing Ctrl+V. This technique only works if you are editing a document in Unicode. Please note that the Notepad editor may not support this encoding. Use Geany, Kwrite (on Linux), or Notepad++ (on Windows) instead.
You can also take a sign diameter straight from this paragraph: ⌀. Select it, copy it to the clipboard and paste it from the latter into the document as indicated above.
In computer-aided design systems (CAD) the sign diameter is inserted automatically when the measure and dimension function is used. Through the menu, indicate that this size is a diameter. For example, if the “Sudarushka” program is used, the corresponding menu item has the following location: “Dimensions” - “Diameter”. The linear dimension, if it relates to the projection, has the sign diameter in this program you can put it like this: “Dimensions” - “Change size” - “Text” - “Size type”.
When editing a document in eight-bit Cyrillic encoding, inserting a character diameter impossible. Use the capital Russian letter "F" instead.
For replacement processor there can be many reasons: improving computer performance, installing a new processor to replace a damaged old one, a desire to experiment, etc. It doesn’t matter why you are planning to change the processor, what is important is how to do it without damaging the “stone” itself, the motherboard or other equipment.
You will need
- CPU
- Thermal paste
- Crosshead screwdriver
Its diameter. To do this, you just need to apply the formula for the circumference of the circle. L = p D Here: L is the circumference, p is the number Pi equal to 3.14, D is the diameter of the circle. Rearrange the required value in the formula for the circumference to the left side and get: D = L /P
Let's look at a practical problem. Suppose you need to make a cover for a round country well, which is currently not accessible. No, and unsuitable weather conditions. But do you have data on length its circumference. Let's assume this is 600 cm. We substitute the values into the indicated formula: D = 600/3.14 = 191.08 cm. So, the diameter of your is 191 cm. Increase the diameter to 2, taking into account the allowance for the edges. Set the compass to a radius of 1 m (100 cm) and draw a circle.
Helpful advice
It is convenient to draw circles of relatively large diameters at home with a compass, which can be quickly made. It's done like this. Two nails are driven into the lath at a distance from each other equal to the radius of the circle. Drive one nail shallowly into the workpiece. And use the other one, rotating the staff, as a marker.
A circle is a geometric figure on a plane that consists of all points of this plane that are at the same distance from a given point. The given point is called the center circle, and the distance at which the points circle are from its center - radius circle. The area of the plane bounded by a circle is called a circle. There are several calculation methods diameter circle, the choice of a specific one depends on the available initial data.
Instructions
In the simplest case, if the circle is of radius R, then it will be equal to
D = 2 * R
If radius circle is not known, but it is known, then the diameter can be calculated using the length formula circle
D = L/P, where L is length circle, P – P.
Same diameter circle can be calculated knowing the area limited by it
D = 2 * v(S/P), where S is the area of the circle, P is the number P.
Sources:
- circle diameter calculation
In the course of high school planimetry, concept circle is defined as a geometric figure consisting of all points of the plane lying at a distance of a radius from a point called its center. Inside a circle you can draw many segments connecting its points in different ways. Depending on the construction of these segments, circle can be divided into several parts in different ways.
Instructions
Finally, circle can be divided by constructing segments. A segment is a part of a circle made up of a chord and an arc of a circle. In this case, a chord is a segment connecting any two points on a circle. Using segments circle can be divided into an infinite number of parts with or without a formation at its center.
Video on the topic
note
The figures obtained by the above methods - polygons, segments and sectors - can also be divided using appropriate methods, for example, diagonals of polygons or bisectors of angles.
A flat geometric figure is called a circle, and the line that bounds it is usually called a circle. The main property is that every point on this line is the same distance from the center of the figure. A segment with a beginning at the center of the circle and ending at any point on the circle is called a radius, and a segment connecting two points on the circle and passing through the center is called a diameter.
Instructions
Use Pi to find the length of a diameter given the known circumference. This constant expresses a constant relationship between these two parameters of the circle - regardless of the size of the circle, dividing its circumference by the length of its diameter always gives the same number. It follows from this that to find the length of the diameter, the circumference should be divided by the number Pi. As a rule, for practical calculations of the length of a diameter, accuracy to hundredths of a unit is sufficient, that is, to two decimal places, so the number Pi can be considered equal to 3.14. But since this constant is an irrational number, it has an infinite number of decimal places. If there is a need for a more precise definition, then the required number of signs for pi can be found, for example, at this link - http://www.math.com/tables/constants/pi.htm.
Given the known lengths of the sides (a and b) of a rectangle inscribed in a circle, the length of the diameter (d) can be calculated by finding the length of the diagonal of this rectangle. Since the diagonal here is the hypotenuse in a right triangle, the legs of which form sides of known length, then according to the Pythagorean theorem, the length of the diagonal, and with it the length of the diameter of the circumscribed circle, can be calculated by finding from the sum of the squares of the lengths of the known sides: d=√(a² + b²).
Dividing into several equal parts is a common task. This way you can build a regular polygon, draw a star, or prepare the basis for a diagram. There are several ways to solve this interesting problem.
You will need
- - a circle with a designated center (if the center is not marked, you will have to find it in any way);
- - protractor;
- - compass with stylus;
- - pencil;
- - ruler.
Instructions
The easiest way to divide circle into equal parts - using a protractor. Dividing 360° into the required number of parts, you get the angle. Start at any point on the circle - the corresponding radius will be the zero mark. Starting from there, make marks on the protractor corresponding to the calculated angle. This method is recommended if you need to divide circle by five, seven, nine, etc. parts. For example, to build a regular pentagon, its vertices must be located every 360/5 = 72°, that is, at 0°, 72°, 144°, 216°, 288°.
To share circle into six parts, you can use the property of a regular one - its longest diagonal is equal to twice the side. A regular hexagon is, as it were, made up of six equilateral triangles. Set the compass opening equal to the radius of the circle, and make notches with it, starting from any arbitrary point. The serifs form a regular hexagon, one of the vertices of which will be at this point. By connecting the vertices through one, you will build a regular triangle inscribed in circle, that is, it is divided into three equal parts.
To share circle into four parts, start with an arbitrary diameter. Its ends will give two of the required four points. To find the rest, set the compass opening equal to the circle. Place the compass needle on one end of the diameter and make notches outside the circle and below. Repeat the same with the other end of the diameter. Draw an auxiliary line between the intersection points of the serifs. It will give you a second diameter, strictly perpendicular to the original one. Its ends will become the remaining two vertices of the square inscribed in circle.
Using the method described above, you can find the middle of any segment. As a consequence, with this method you can double the number of equal parts into which you circle. Having found the midpoint of each side of the correct n- inscribed in circle, you can draw perpendiculars to them, find the point of their intersection with circle yu and thus construct the vertices of a regular 2n-gon. This procedure can be repeated as many times as you like. So, the square turns into, that - into, etc. Starting with a square, you can, for example, divide circle into 256 equal parts.
note
To divide a circle into equal parts, dividing heads or dividing tables are usually used, which make it possible to divide the circle into equal parts with high accuracy. When it is necessary to divide a circle into equal parts, use the table below. To do this, you need to multiply the diameter of the circle being divided by the coefficient given in the table: K x D.
Helpful advice
Dividing a circle into three, six and twelve equal parts. Two perpendicular axes are drawn, which, intersecting the circle at points 1,2,3,4, divide it into four equal parts; Using the well-known technique of dividing a right angle into two equal parts using a compass or square, they construct bisectors of right angles, which, intersecting with the circle at points 5, 6, 7, and 8, divide each fourth part of the circle in half.
When constructing various geometric shapes, it is sometimes necessary to determine their characteristics: length, width, height, and so on. If we are talking about a circle or circle, then we often have to determine its diameter. A diameter is a straight line segment that connects the two points furthest from each other located on a circle.
You will need
- - yardstick;
- - compass;
- - calculator.
Instructions
In the simplest case, determine the diameter using the formula D = 2R, where R is the radius of the circle centered at point O. Such
Very often, when solving school assignments in physics or science, the question arises - how to find the circumference of a circle, knowing the diameter? In fact, there are no difficulties in solving this problem; you just need to clearly imagine what formulas,concepts and definitions are required for this.
In contact with
Basic concepts and definitions
- Radius is the line connecting the center of the circle and its arbitrary point. It is denoted by the Latin letter r.
- A chord is a line connecting two arbitrary points lying on a circle.
- Diameter is the line connecting two points of a circle and passing through its center. It is denoted by the Latin letter d.
- is a line consisting of all points located at equal distances from one selected point, called its center. We will denote its length by the Latin letter l.
The area of a circle is the entire territory enclosed within a circle. It is measured in square units and is denoted by the Latin letter s.
Using our definitions, we come to the conclusion that the diameter of a circle is equal to its largest chord.
Attention! From the definition of what the radius of a circle is, you can find out what the diameter of a circle is. These are two radii laid out in opposite directions!
Diameter of a circle.
Finding the circumference and area of a circle
If we are given the radius of a circle, then the diameter of the circle is described by the formula d = 2*r. Thus, to answer the question of how to find the diameter of a circle, knowing its radius, the last one is enough multiply by two.
The formula for the circumference of a circle, expressed in terms of its radius, has the form l = 2*P*r.
Attention! The Latin letter P (Pi) denotes the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter, and this is a non-periodic decimal fraction. In school mathematics, it is considered a previously known tabular value equal to 3.14!
Now let's rewrite the previous formula to find the circumference of a circle through its diameter, remembering what its difference is in relation to the radius. It will turn out: l = 2*P*r = 2*r*P = P*d.
From the mathematics course we know that the formula describing the area of a circle has the form: s = П*r^2.
Now let's rewrite the previous formula to find the area of a circle through its diameter. We get,
s = П*r^2 = П*d^2/4.
One of the most difficult tasks in this topic is determining the area of a circle through the circumference and vice versa. Let's take advantage of the fact that s = П*r^2 and l = 2*П*r. From here we get r = l/(2*P). Let's substitute the resulting expression for the radius into the formula for the area, we get: s = l^2/(4P). In a completely similar way, the circumference is determined through the area of the circle.
Determining radius length and diameter
Important! First of all, let's learn how to measure the diameter. It's very simple - draw any radius, extend it in the opposite direction until it intersects with the arc. We measure the resulting distance with a compass and use any metric tool to find out what we are looking for!
Let us answer the question of how to find out the diameter of a circle, knowing its length. To do this, we express it from the formula l = П*d. We get d = l/P.
We already know how to find its diameter from the circumference of a circle, and we can also find its radius in the same way.
l = 2*P*r, hence r = l/2*P. In general, to find out the radius, it must be expressed in terms of the diameter and vice versa.
Suppose now you need to determine the diameter, knowing the area of the circle. We use the fact that s = П*d^2/4. Let us express d from here. It will work out d^2 = 4*s/P. To determine the diameter itself, you will need to extract square root of the right side. It turns out d = 2*sqrt(s/P).
Solving typical tasks
- Let's find out how to find the diameter if the circumference is given. Let it be equal to 778.72 kilometers. Required to find d. d = 778.72/3.14 = 248 kilometers. Let's remember what a diameter is and immediately determine the radius; to do this, we divide the value d determined above in half. It will work out r = 248/2 = 124 kilometer
- Let's consider how to find the length of a given circle, knowing its radius. Let r have a value of 8 dm 7 cm. Let's convert all this into centimeters, then r will be equal to 87 centimeters. Let's use the formula to find the unknown length of a circle. Then our desired value will be equal to l = 2*3.14*87 = 546.36 cm. Let's convert our obtained value into integer numbers of metric quantities l = 546.36 cm = 5 m 4 dm 6 cm 3.6 mm.
- Let us need to determine the area of a given circle using the formula through its known diameter. Let d = 815 meters. Let's remember the formula for finding the area of a circle. Let's substitute the values given to us here, we get s = 3.14*815^2/4 = 521416.625 sq. m.
- Now we will learn how to find the area of a circle, knowing the length of its radius. Let the radius be 38 cm. We use the formula known to us. Let us substitute here the value given to us by condition. You get the following: s = 3.14*38^2 = 4534.16 sq. cm.
- The last task is to determine the area of a circle based on the known circumference. Let l = 47 meters. s = 47^2/(4P) = 2209/12.56 = 175.87 sq. m.
Circumference
