ESENIN SERGEY ALEXANDROVICH 1895-1925
Born in the village of Konstantinov, Kuzminsk volost, Ryazan province, into a peasant family. The Yesenins and Titovs (Sergei’s relatives on his mother’s side) belonged to hereditary Konstantinovites. Sergei's father, Alexander Nikitich Yesenin (1875-1932); mother - Tatyana Fedorovna Titova (01/25/1877-07/3/1955); Sergei's sisters - Ekaterina and Alexandra. Sergei's grandfather - Nikita Osipovich Yesenin - in his youth was going to become a monk, for which he was nicknamed "monk" in the village. At the age of 28, he married a 16-year-old girl - Agrafena Pankratievna - and his young wife began to be called “nun”. Since then, according to Sergei’s sister, Ekaterina Alexandrovna, the entire generation of Yesenins bore the nicknames “monks” and “nuns.” Nikita Osipovich Yesenin was literate, wrote various kinds of petitions to his fellow villagers, was a village elder for many years, and was highly respected in the village. As a result of the division of property between the brothers, Nikita Osipovich did not receive land and decided to open a small shop on the first floor of his house. At forty, in 1887, he died, leaving his wife and six children. Father of Sergei Yesenin - Alexander Nikitich Yeseni n - was the eldest child. At the age of 11-12, Alexander was sent to study butchery with the merchant Krylov in Moscow, and later he became a clerk in his store. In 1893, eighteen-year-old Alexander Nikitich Yesenin married his fellow villager Tatiana Fedorovna Titova, who was sixteen and a half years old. She had a good voice, a good memory, she knew many songs and ditties. For this she was invited to sing along with the daughters of the owners. From them she learned many good poems and romances. After the wedding, Alexander returned to Moscow, and his wife remained in the house of her mother-in-law, who from the first days disliked her daughter-in-law. The grandmother was the full owner, in whose house many guests constantly lived. For them it was necessary to cook, wash, carry water, clean up after everyone, and almost all the work fell on the shoulders of the young daughter-in-law, who received only sidelong glances from her mother-in-law as a reward. When Sergei was born in 1895, Tatyana Feodorovna’s first surviving child, Alexander Nikitich was not in the village; “They let my father know in Moscow, but he couldn’t come.” As before his marriage, Alexander Nikitich sent his salary to his mother. A quarrel broke out between the young couple - Sergei's mother and father - and they lived separately for several years: Alexander Nikitich in Moscow, Tatyana Fedorovna in Ryazan.
When Sergei was three years old, his mother left the Yesenins. Sergei was taken to live by his second grandfather, Fyodor Andreevich Titov, who had quarreled with the Yesenin family back when his daughter was a bride. According to Sergei’s reviews, his grandfather was “a bright personality and broad-minded, had an excellent memory and knew by heart many folk songs and spiritual poems.” They lived in that part of the village, located on the high bank of the Oka and stretching for several kilometers, which was called Matovo. Fedor Andreevich sent Sergei’s mother to live in Ryazan so that she could try to get a piece of bread for herself and her son. When sending his daughter, Sergei’s grandfather ordered her to send three rubles a month to support his grandson. For five years, Sergei’s parents lived separately, and the boy lived in the house of his grandfather, Fyodor Andreevich, and grandmother, Natalya Evteevna. At the insistence of his grandfather, Sergei began reading at the age of five, learning to read and write from church books. He began writing poetry at the age of 8. In 1904, Sergei’s mother returned to Konstantinovo, and his father still worked in Moscow as a clerk, but came to visit the family several times a year. Sergei again began to live with his mother in the Yesenins’ house
In 1912 he moved to Moscow, where his father worked for a merchant.
“From his first collections (Radunitsa, 1916; Rural Book of Hours, 1918) he appeared as a subtle lyricist, a master of deeply psychologized landscapes, a singer of peasant Rus', an expert in the folk language and the folk soul. In 1919-23 he was a member of the Imagist group. A tragic attitude and mental confusion are expressed in the cycles “Mare’s Ships” (1920), “Moscow Tavern” (1924), and the poem “The Black Man” (1925). In the poem “The Ballad of the Twenty-Six” (1924), dedicated to the Baku commissars, the collection “Soviet Rus'” (1925), and the poem “Anna Snegina” (1925), Yesenin sought to comprehend “the commune-raised Rus',” although he continued to feel like a poet of “Leaving Rus'” ", "golden log hut". Dramatic poem "Pugachev" (1921).
1923 - lived in Moscow, Kozitsky lane
In a state of depression, he committed suicide.”
He was buried in section 17 of the Vagankovsky cemetery, Moscow. Relatives and friends are buried nearby: mother Tatyana Fedorovna 1875-1955, Zinaida Reich, son Konstantin, Galina Arturovna 1897-1926, poet Shiryaevets-Abramov Alexander Vasilyevich 1887-1924, journalist Ustinov Georgy Feofanovich 1888-1932, writer and party leader Petr Ivanovich 1898 -1967, poet Nikolai Konstantinovich 1887-1930
Wives ZINAIDA NIKOLAEVNA, ISADORA DUNCAN (1877-1927). Children:
- YURI (GEORGE) SERGEEVICH (1914-1937). Son of SA Yesenin and IZRYADNOVA Anna Romanovna. He had no children.
- KONSTANTIN SERGEEVICH 02/03/1920, Moscow
- 04/26/1986, Moscow. He was a famous football statistician. He was buried in section 17 of the Vagankovsky cemetery, Moscow. Daughter MARINA. (Graduated from the Polygraphic Institute. She writes poetry, prose, is published in newspapers and magazines. She looks like Reich, her grandmother. She is still beautiful. She has a son - Dmitry Polyakov - the great-grandson of S. A. Yesenin. At 24 years old he is a doctor Philosophical Sciences, professor. Handsome, curly, fair-haired, tall. Lives and works abroad.)
- TATYANA SERGEEVNA (Died in 1992. Member of the Writers' Union. Lived in Tashkent. Director of the Sergei Yesenin Museum. Two sons: VLADIMIR Kutuzov and SERGEY Yesenin. Vladimir has a son, Ivan, graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute, is now engaged in business. Sergei has daughters: Zinaida and Anna)
- ALEXANDER SERGEEVICH. Son of SA Yesenin and Volpin Nadezhda Davydovna. Mathematician, Candidate of Sciences. As a human rights activist, he was forced to leave the USSR for the USA. He has lived there since 1971. Have no children.

Yesenin's sisters:
*ESENINA EKATERINA ALEXANDROVNA (1905-1977). She died of a heart attack. Husband - Yesenin's friend, poet NASEKIN VASILY Fyodorovich (01/1/1895 - executed 03/15/1938). The marriage took place in December 1925. Son ANDREY 1927-1965 (buried in section 22 of the Vagankovsky cemetery in Moscow). Daughter - NATALIA, graduated from the Agricultural Academy. K. A. Timiryazev, majoring in agrochemistry and soil science. Completed an internship at Moscow State University. M. V. Lomonosov at the Department of Analytical Chemistry. She worked as a chemist in a soil expedition on the Northern Dvina, in a geological party in Transbaikalia, and for about 30 years at the GIREDMET Research Institute. PhD in Chemistry. Veteran of labour. Currently disabled of the first group. Have no children
*ESENINA ALEXANDRA ALEXANDROVNA (1911-1981). Husband Peter and son Alexander ILIIN. Daughter FLOR TATIANA PETROVNA 1933-1993, journalist, graduated from the correspondence printing institute. (buried in section 19 of the same cemetery). Son-in-law. They were buried in section 20 of the Vagankovskoye cemetery. 2 daughter - Svetlana Petrovna, graduated from the correspondence pedagogical institute, employee of the State Museum of S. A. Yesenin in Moscow, in B. Strochenovsky Lane. Every year, since 1946, he spends all the summer months in Konstantinov.

Biography of Sergei Yesenin

Russian poet. Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin was born on October 3 (old style - September 21) 1895 in the village of Konstantinov, Kuzminsk volost, Ryazan province, into a peasant family. The Yesenins and Titovs belonged to hereditary Konstantinovites. Sergei's father, Alexander Nikitich Yesenin (1875-1932); mother - Tatyana Fedorovna Titova (1877-?); Sergei's sisters - Ekaterina and Alexandra. Sergei's grandfather - Nikita Osipovich Yesenin - in his youth was going to become a monk, for which he was nicknamed "monk" in the village. At the age of 28, he married a 16-year-old girl - Agrafena Pankratievna - and his young wife began to be called “nun”. Since then, according to Sergei’s sister, Ekaterina Alexandrovna, the entire generation of Yesenins bore the nicknames “monks” and “nuns.” Nikita Osipovich Yesenin was literate, wrote various kinds of petitions to his fellow villagers, was a village elder for many years, and was highly respected in the village. As a result of the division of property between the brothers, Nikita Osipovich did not receive land and decided to open a small shop on the first floor of his house. At forty, in 1887, he died, leaving his wife and six children. Sergei Yesenin's father, Alexander Nikitich Yesenin, was the eldest child. At the age of 11-12, Alexander was sent to study butchery with the merchant Krylov in Moscow, and later he became a clerk in his store. In 1893, eighteen-year-old Alexander Nikitich Yesenin married his fellow villager Tatyana Fedorovna Titova, who was sixteen and a half years old. After the wedding, Alexander returned to Moscow, and his wife remained in the house of her mother-in-law, who from the first days disliked her daughter-in-law. The grandmother was the full owner, in whose house many guests constantly lived. For them it was necessary to cook, wash, carry water, clean up after everyone, and almost all the work fell on the shoulders of the young daughter-in-law, who received only sidelong glances from her mother-in-law as a reward. When Sergei was born in 1895, Tatyana Feodorovna’s first surviving child, Alexander Nikitich was not in the village; “They let my father know in Moscow, but he couldn’t come.” As before his marriage, Alexander Nikitich sent his salary to his mother. A quarrel broke out between the young couple - Sergei's mother and father - and they lived separately for several years: Alexander Nikitich in Moscow, Tatyana Fedorovna in Ryazan.

When Sergei was three years old, his mother left the Yesenins. Sergei was taken to live by his second grandfather, Fyodor Andreevich Titov, who had quarreled with the Yesenin family back when his daughter was a bride. According to Sergei’s reviews, his grandfather was “a bright personality and broad-minded, had an excellent memory and knew by heart many folk songs and spiritual poems.” They lived in that part of the village, located on the high bank of the Oka and stretching for several kilometers, which was called Matovo. Fedor Andreevich sent Sergei’s mother to live in Ryazan so that she could try to get a piece of bread for herself and her son. When sending his daughter, Sergei’s grandfather ordered her to send three rubles a month to support his grandson. For five years, Sergei’s parents lived separately, and the boy lived in the house of his grandfather, Fyodor Andreevich, and grandmother, Natalya Evteevna. At the insistence of his grandfather, Sergei began reading at the age of five, learning to read and write from church books. He began writing poetry at the age of 8. Among his peers, Sergei, who had the nickname Seryoga the Monk, was a recognized horse breeder, a fighter and a tireless inventor of various boyish games.

In 1904, Sergei’s mother returned to Konstantinovo, and his father still worked in Moscow as a clerk, but came to visit the family several times a year. Sergei again began to live with his mother in the Yesenins’ house; after a forced almost five-year separation from her son, Tatyana Fedorovna began to treat him with even greater care and love. Living almost all the time alone with her children, she tried not to spoil them, to keep them strict, she did not like to caress them and undead in public. By nature, Tatyana Fedorovna was endowed with remarkable intelligence, beauty, and a wonderful gift of song. In 1904, at the age of nine, Sergei went to study at the Zemstvo four-year Konstantinovsky School. Few had the opportunity to study and there were no more than 10-12 students in each class. According to the recollections of Sergei’s classmates and his teachers, “he studied easily, as if jokingly, was gifted with a clear mind, had an excellent memory and was rightfully considered a capable student; Sergei was an avid book lover and what distinguished him from his peers was what was in his hands or under his shirt There was almost always some kind of book." “I had little faith in God, I didn’t like going to church. At home they knew this and, in order to test me, they gave me 4 kopecks for a prosphora, which I had to take to the altar to the priest for the ritual of removing the parts. The priest made 3 cuts on the prosphora and charged for it 2 kopecks. Then I learned to do this procedure myself with a pocketknife, and put 2 kopecks in my pocket and went to the cemetery to play with the boys.” “At about the age of 11-12, he stopped wearing a cross and another nickname was added to Seryoga the Monk - Atheist.” In 1909, Sergei Yesenin graduated from school with a certificate of merit: out of eleven students, only four passed the “tests at the end of the course” with a “five”, among them was Sergei.

In the fall of 1909, Sergei Yesenin’s parents sent him to study at the Spas-Klepikovskaya second-grade church and teachers’ school, located not far from Konstantinov. After spending several days in a boarding school, Sergei, feeling homesick, made an “escape” and returned to his native village on foot, but was taken back. The school, which was a closed educational institution, was run by church authorities and trained teachers of parochial literacy schools; the program, designed for three years, included general church and Russian history, the law of God, the Russian language, Church Slavonic language, national history, geography, arithmetic, geometric drawing, drawing, and didactics. The pupils were in the school building all day: in the morning - in classes, in the evening they prepared lessons under the supervision of teachers; on Saturday and Sunday - mandatory attendance at church services. Everyone living in the boarding school paid 30 rubles a year for food and dormitory. In 1912, Sergei Yesenin graduated from teacher's school, receiving the "title of literacy school teacher." Of the works created by Sergei Yesenin in 1910-1912, more than 60 are currently known, including the first poem - “The Tale of Evpatiy Kolovrat...”.

In the summer of 1911, Sergei briefly came to Moscow for the first time to visit his father, who lived in Zamoskvorechye; Having returned home, he brought with him more than twenty books that he had bought in the city. At the end of the summer of 1912, Sergei Yesenin came to Moscow at the call of his father and began working in his office. He treated his father with great respect, but constant quarrels arose between them, caused by the fact that Alexander Nikitich, who knew from his bitter life experience how difficult it was to become a leader without education, was dissatisfied with the fact that his son did not want to continue his education and become a teacher. ; He also did not believe that he could live on money earned through poetry. Later, Sergei gave his first fee for poetry, received at the beginning of 1914, entirely to his father. At the beginning of 1913, Sergei left his father and began working in the printing house of the I.D. Sytin Partnership - first on an expedition, then as a proofreader (assistant proofreader). At that time, I.D. Sytin employed more than one and a half thousand workers, and every fourth book was printed in his printing house. In the same year, Sergei Yesenin began collaborating in the children's magazines Protalinka, Good Morning, Mirok, and in the newspapers Put Pravdy and Nov. At Sytin's printing house, Yesenin met Anna Romanovna Izryadnova, who had worked in the proofreading department since 1909, and in 1914 entered into a civil marriage. At the end of December 1914, Yesenin had a son, Yuri. After some time, Sergei married Zinaida Reich. In the spring of 1913, in connection with Yesenin’s participation in the revolutionary movement of the workers of Sytin’s printing house, the Moscow security department opened a case. In the secret police, Yesenin, who was under surveillance, had the nickname “Nabor”. He distributed illegal literature, participated in strikes and protest demonstrations held in factories and factories at the call of the Moscow Committee of the RSDLP. In the fall of 1913, a search was carried out at his apartment. Since the fall of 1913, together with A.R. Izryadnova, studied at the historical and philosophical department of the Moscow City People's University named after A.L. Shanyavsky, where he stayed for about two years, listening to lectures on Russian and Western European literature, the history of Russia and France, the history of modern philosophy, political economy, and logic. You had to pay for your studies annually. The amount was small, but significant for Yesenin’s modest earnings. Sergei Yesenin's first poem ("Birch") was published in 1914 under the pseudonym Ariston; The publication was in the children's magazine "Mirok" (No. 1).

Soon he began publishing under his own name, receiving 15 kopecks per line. Since the fall of 1914, Sergei Yesenin worked in the printing house of D. Chernyshev and N. Kobelkov. In 1913, Yesenin became a full member of the Surikov literary and musical circle, worked as a secretary, and at the end of 1914 he was elected secretary of the editorial board of the Surikov magazine “Friend of the People,” created with funds received from workers and employees. In February 1915, Yesenin was elected to the updated editorial staff of the magazine, but soon disagreements arose with the leaders of the circle, who insisted on publishing all works in the magazine, regardless of their artistic level.

Sergei Yesenin left the Surikov circle and in March 1915 went to Petrograd, where he met Alexander Blok, Andrei Bely, and Vladimir Mayakovsky. He met A. Blok, whom Yesenin considered “the first poet,” on the very first day of his arrival - March 9, 1915, having independently found his apartment on Ofitserskaya Street and asked the poet to meet. During the first meeting, Blok himself selected six of Yesenin’s poems for publication and wrote a letter of recommendation to the writer Mikhail Pavlovich Murashev, who sent the young poet to several editorial offices. On March 11, 1915, thanks to a recommendation note from A. Blok, Yesenin met with the poet S.M. Gorodetsky. On the same day, Gorodetsky wrote to the editor of the Monthly Magazine V.S. Mirolyubov: “Dear Viktor Sergeevich. Caress the young talent - Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin. He has a ruble in his pocket, but wealth in his soul.” Following the “Monthly Magazine,” Yesenin’s poems appear in other metropolitan magazines. “My poems in St. Petersburg were successful,” Yesenin wrote on April 24, 1915, “out of 60, 51 were accepted. They took “Northern Notes”, “Russian Thought”, “Monthly Magazine” and others.” There was no money, no home of his own, and Yesenin had to spend the night wherever he could. He often lived with Murashev, whom he later called “the first of my first friends in the city of St. Petersburg.” Already in September 1915, the owner of the Prometheus book publishing house N.N. Mikhailov sent a letter to Yesenin with a proposal to publish a collection of his works, and on October 25, 1915, Sergei Yesenin’s first performance took place at the “evening of folk poetry” held by the literary and artistic group “Krasa” in the hall of the Tenishevsky School. On the eve of the new year, 1916, the Birzhevye Vedomosti newspaper told readers the names of writers whose works were supposed to be published on its pages next year: next to the name of Alexander Blok and other famous writers was the name of Sergei Yesenin. In February - May 1916, the magazine "Northern Notes" published S. Yesenin's first prose work - the story "Yar". At the beginning of 1916, Averyanov’s publishing house published the first collection of poems by Sergei Yesenin, “Radunitsa,” which he himself was very critical of, considering that some of the poems were not worth printing; in 1918, when preparing the second edition of "Radunitsa", he excluded sixteen poems.

Yesenin was very demanding about the titles of his subsequent collections, among which were “Dove”, “Zarenka”, “Transfiguration”, “Russian”, “Treryadnitsa”, “Rye Horses”, “Soviet Country”, “Birch Calico”, “ Persian motives". Soon after the publication of Yesenin’s first book “Radunitsa” M.P. Murashev received a letter from Professor S.A. Vengerov, in which the compiler of the “Criticobiographical Dictionary of Russian Writers and Scientists” asked Yesenin to send him a short autobiography. Sergei Yesenin was drafted into the army for the first time in the summer of 1915 in Ryazan, but then he received a temporary deferment; after the deferment, he was drafted in Petrograd. On March 17, 1916 Yesenin brought M.P. Murashev to preserve his manuscripts. Initially, he served in a reserve battalion located in St. Petersburg, from April - as a nurse in one of the Tsarskoye Selo hospitals, and traveled to Crimea with the Tsarskoye Selo field military hospital train No. 143. He served in the army until March 1917, leaving service without permission after the February Revolution. Yesenin lived in St. Petersburg until March 1918.

In 1918, Sergei Yesenin broke with the literary group "Scythians" and joined the group of imagists "Keys of Mary". On August 31, 1924, in a letter to the newspaper Pravda, he announced his withdrawal from the group, which led to its actual collapse. In 1918, one hundred and seven ditties, which were an insignificant part of Yesenin’s collection, were published on the pages of the Moscow newspaper “Voice of Labor Krustianism”: according to V.S. Chernyavsky Yesenin collected about four thousand ditties. In 1918-1921 Yesenin traveled a lot around the country: Murmansk, Arkhangelsk, Crimea, the Caucasus, Turkestan, Bessarabia. In 1921, Sergei Yesenin married the American dancer Isadora Duncan (1878-1927), who took the surname Duncan-Yesenin. Isadora Duncan, one of the founders of modern dance, was greeted by packed theaters throughout Europe: as the basis for her dance, she took examples of ancient Greek plastic arts, which she studied in the halls of art of ancient Greece in the British Museum; Isadora replaced the traditional ballet costume with a tutu for a tunic, performed barefoot on stage, and abandoned the language of conventional gestures. In 1920, Duncan was invited to Soviet Russia to organize her own ballet school. The marriage to Yesenin was soon followed by a divorce, but on May 2, 1922, in the registry office of the Khamovnichesky district of Moscow, the re-marriage of Sergei Yesenin and the American dancer Isadora Duncan, who took the name Yesenin, took place. In the fall of 1922 the couple went abroad. Having visited many European countries, “touring all of Europe, except Spain,” Yesenin went to America, where he stayed for four months until February 1923. He returned to Moscow on August 3, 1923. After returning, he became close to the actress of the Moscow Chamber Theater A.L. Miklashevskaya, to whom he dedicated the cycle of poems “The Love of a Hooligan.” In 1924 Yesenin lived with G.A. Benislavskaya. In 1924 he travels to the Caucasus. In 1924-1925 he was published in the newspapers Izvestia, Baku Worker, and Zarya Vostoka. During this period (1924-1925) Sergei Yesenin created the poems “Anna Snegina”, “Song of the Great March”, “Gulyai-Pole” (excerpt “Lenin”), “Ballad of Twenty-Six”, “Poem 36”, “Black man", most of the "small poems": "Soviet Rus'", "Departing Rus'", "Return to the Motherland", a cycle of poems "Persian motives" and more than sixty lyric poems. When preparing the Collected Works in 1925, out of fifteen thousand lines written, Sergei Yesenin selected only ten thousand for publication - “the best”.

In the summer of 1925, with the firm intention of “not making friends” with bohemians, Yesenin returned to Moscow. In June 1925, Sergei Yesenin married S.A. Tolstoy (granddaughter of L.N. Tolstoy), who took the surname Tolstaya-Yesenina. In November 1925 he went to a Moscow hospital. On December 24, 1925, Sergei Yesenin left for Leningrad, where he planned to stay until the summer, and then go to Italy to see M. Gorky. But on the night of December 28, at the International Hotel (Angleterre), Yesenin, according to the official version, committed suicide: on the morning of December 28, he was found hanged in his hotel room. The day before, he wrote the poem “Goodbye, my friend, goodbye...” and gave it to his Leningrad friend, the poet Wolf Erlich. “By the end of 1925, Yesenin’s decision to “leave” became manic. He lay down under the wheels of a country train, tried to throw himself out of a window, cut a vein with a piece of glass, and stab himself with a kitchen knife.

In the last months of his tragic existence, Yesenin was human for no more than one hour a day. From the first morning glass his mind was already darkening. And after the first, as an iron rule, came the second, third, fourth, fifth... From time to time Yesenin was admitted to the hospital, where the most famous doctors treated him with the latest methods. They helped as little as the oldest methods with which they also tried to treat him." Moscow said goodbye to Yesenin in the House of Press. Sergei Yesenin was buried at the Vagankovskoye cemetery.

In 1893, eighteen-year-old Alexander Nikitich Yesenin married his fellow villager Tatyana Fedorovna Titova, who was sixteen and a half years old. After the wedding, Alexander returned to Moscow, and his wife remained in the house of her mother-in-law, who from the first days disliked her daughter-in-law. The full mistress was the father's mother, in whose house many guests constantly lived. For them it was necessary to cook, wash, carry water, clean up after everyone, and almost all the work fell on the shoulders of the young daughter-in-law, who received only sidelong glances from her mother-in-law as a reward. When Sergei was born in 1895, Tatyana Feodorovna’s first surviving child, Alexander Nikitich was not in the village; “They let my father know in Moscow, but he couldn’t come.” As before his marriage, Alexander Nikitich sent his salary to his mother. A quarrel broke out between the young people and they lived separately for several years: Alexander Nikitich - in Moscow, Tatyana Fedorovna - in Ryazan. The mother of the future poet, Tatyana Titova, was married against her will, and soon she and her three-year-old son went to live with her parents. Then she went to work in Ryazan. From the memoirs of Yesenina A:

“The mother sued the father and asked for a divorce. The father refused the divorce. She asked for permission to obtain a passport, but her father, taking advantage of her husband’s rights, refused a passport. This circumstance forced her to return to our father. Illiterate, without a passport, and without a profession, the mother found work either as a servant in Ryazan or as a worker at a confectionery factory in Moscow. But despite her difficult life, her small income, from which she paid three rubles a month to her grandfather for Sergei, she always asked our father for a divorce. Loving our mother and considering divorce a disgrace, my father did not give her a divorce, and after suffering for five years, my mother was forced to return to him...”

In 1904, Sergei’s mother returned to Konstantinovo, and his father still worked in Moscow as a clerk, but came to visit the family several times a year. Sergei again began to live with his mother in the Yesenins’ house; after a forced almost five-year separation from her son, Tatyana Fedorovna began to treat him with even greater care and love. Living almost all the time alone with her children, she tried not to spoil them, to keep them strict, she did not like to caress them and undead in public. By nature, Tatyana Fedorovna was endowed with remarkable intelligence, beauty, a wonderful gift of song, and was an excellent needlewoman both in her youth and in her senior years.age. She had excellent command of the needle, knitting needles, and crochet. She had a good voice, a good memory, she knew many songs and ditties. They say that there was no folk song existing in the Prioksky region that Tatyana Fedorovna did not know and would not sing. She was a person who was responsive to the grief of others and always helped orphans and the poor. T.F. Yesenina was illiterate, but did everything possible to ensure that her children received an education. Already as an adult, Sergei never forgot about his home. After leaving home, he constantly helped his parents, “having received money, he usually went to the post office and sent most of it to his mother in Konstantinovo.” He always sought support in his mother's compassion and empathy. She was his “help and joy.”

We are all homeless, how much do we need?
What was given to me is what I sing about.
Here I am again at my parents' dinner,
I see my old lady again.

He looks, and his eyes are watering, watering,
Quietly, silently, as if without pain.
Wants to take the tea cup -
The tea cup slips from your hands.

Sweet, kind, old, gentle,
Don't be friends with sad thoughts,
Listen, to this snowy harmonica
I'll tell you about my life.

I have seen a lot and I have traveled a lot,
I loved a lot and suffered a lot,
And that’s why he behaved and drank,
That I have never seen anyone better than you.

Before finding out who Yesenin’s parents were, we must honestly admit that the whole story will ultimately come down to the life and work of the poet himself. And you can write about him endlessly, because fans have always been interested in the people who influenced the formation of his personality, and the environment in which this unique Russian nugget grew up, close in size to Pushkin and Lermontov, the path of love for whom to this day is not overgrown .

Motherland

Yesenin's birthday took place in a picturesque corner of Russia on October 3, 1895. This magnificent Yesenin region today receives a huge number of visitors every day. The future poet was born in Konstantinovo (Ryazan region), in an ancient village, which was freely spread out among forests and fields on the right bank of the Oka. The nature of these places is inspired by God, it is not for nothing that a genius with a devoted Russian soul was born here.

Yesenin's house in Konstantinovo has long become a museum. Wide carpets of flooded meadows and picturesque lowlands near the river became the cradle of the great poet’s poetry. The homeland was the main source of his inspiration, to which he constantly fell, drawing the strength of Russian love for his father’s home, the Russian spirit and his people.

Yesenin's parents

The poet's father, Alexander Nikitich Yesenin (1873-1931), sang in a church choir from his youth. He was a peasant, but he was not at all suitable for peasant work, since he could not properly harness a horse. That’s why he went to work in Moscow with the merchant Krylov, who ran a butcher shop. Alexander Yesenin was very dreamy. He could sit thoughtfully by the window for a long time, very rarely smiled, but at the same time he could tell such funny things that everyone around him rolled with laughter.

The poet's mother, Tatyana Fedorovna Titova (1873-1955), was also from a peasant family. She lived almost her entire life in Konstantinovo. The Ryazan region practically captivated her. Tatyana Fedorovna gave her son Sergei strength and confidence in his talent, without this he would never have decided to go to St. Petersburg.

Yesenin’s parents were not happy in their marriage, but his mother lived all her life with a heavy heart and terrible pain in her soul, and there were serious reasons for this.

Brother Alexander Razgulyaev

Not everyone knows, but next to the poet’s grave there is also the grave of Yesenin’s maternal half-brother, Alexander Ivanovich Razgulyaev. The whole point is that Tatyana Fedorovna, while still very young, did not marry Alexander Nikitich for love. Yesenin’s parents somehow didn’t get along right away. Immediately after the wedding, the father returned to Moscow, to the butcher shop of the merchant Krylov, where he had previously worked. Tatyana Fedorovna was a woman of character and did not get along with either her husband or her mother-in-law.

She sent her son Sergei to be raised by her parents, and in 1901 she herself went to work part-time in Ryazan and there she met, as it seemed to her then, her great love. But the obsession quickly passed, and from this sinful love a son, Alexander (1902-1961), was born.

Tatyana Fedorovna wanted to get a divorce, but her husband did not give it. She had to give the boy to the nurse E.P. Razgulyaeva and write it down in her last name. From that moment on, her life turned into a nightmare, she suffered and missed the baby, sometimes visited him, but could not take him away. Sergei Yesenin found out about him in 1916, but they met only in 1924 in the house of his grandfather, Fyodor Titov.

Alexander Nikitich Yesenin wrote to his eldest daughter Ekaterina, who was then living with Benislavskaya, so that they would not accept Alexander Razgulyaev, since it was very painful for him to endure this. The poet also had resentment towards his mother. Although he understood that brother Alexander, they did not have a warm relationship either.

Alexander Ivanovich Razgulyaev, of course, was proud of his brother. He lived the life of a humble railroad worker who raised four children. He described all his terrible memories of his orphan childhood in his Autobiography.

Sisters

Yesenin also had two beloved sisters: Ekaterina (1905-1977) and Alexandra (1911-1981). Catherine followed her brother from Konstantinovo to Moscow. There she helped him in literary and publishing matters, and then after his death she became the custodian of his archives. Catherine married Yesenin’s close friend, Vasily Nasedkin, who was repressed and executed by the NKVD in 1937 in the fabricated “case of writers.” She herself received a two-year sentence. She died of a heart attack in Moscow.

The second sister's name was Alexandra. She also put a lot of work and effort into creating Yesenin museums, providing photographs, manuscripts and other valuable family heirlooms and exhibits. She was 16 years apart from her brother. He affectionately called her Shurenka. At the end of 1924, returning from abroad, he took her to Moscow with him. Her mother blessed her with the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God, which is now in the Poet adored her sisters and received great pleasure from communicating with them.

Grandfather and grandmother

Yesenin was raised for a long time by his mother’s parents. The grandmother's name was Natalya Evtikhievna (1847-1911), and the grandfather's name was Fyodor Andreevich (1845-1927). In addition to their granddaughter Seryozha, their three more sons lived in their family. It was thanks to his grandmother that Yesenin became acquainted with folklore. She told him many fairy tales, sang songs and ditties. The poet himself admitted that it was his grandmother’s stories that pushed him to write his first poems. Grandfather Fyodor was a believer who knew church books well, so every evening there were readings in their house.

Moving to my father's place

After graduating from the Spas-Klepikovskaya church-teacher school in 1912 and receiving a diploma as a teacher of the literacy school, Yesenin immediately moved to his father in Moscow on the street. Pinch to Bolshoi Strochenovsky Lane, 24 (now the Yesenin Museum is located there).

Alexander Yesenin was glad of his arrival and thought that his son would be a reliable assistant, but he was very upset when he told him that he wanted to become a poet. At first he helped his father, but then he began to bring his ideas to life and got a job in the printing house of I. D. Sytin. And then we will not once again retell his entire biography, which is already quite well known, but rather we will try to understand what kind of person he was.

Bawdy and brawler

Many unpleasant things were often said about him. Debauchery and drunkenness were indeed not uncommon in the poet’s life, but he took his talent and service to poetry quite seriously and with great respect. According to the poet himself and from the words of people close to him, for example, such as Ilya Shneider, he did not write while drunk.

As a poet of conscience, he could not remain silent and, feeling pain for the country, which was plunging into complete chaos, devastation and hunger, he began to use his poems as a weapon against the authorities (“The golden grove dissuaded me...", “We are now leaving little by little... ", "Soviet Rus'" and "Leaving Rus'").

His last work bore a symbolic title - “Country of Scoundrels.” After writing it, Yesenin’s life changed dramatically; they began to persecute him and accuse him of rowdyism and drunkenness. The poet was repeatedly interrogated by people from the GPU, who “sewed up” a case for him. At first they wanted to convict him of anti-Semitism, then there were some other developments. Leo Tolstoy's granddaughter Sophia helped him escape persecution in the winter of 1925 by agreeing with the head of the hospital, Professor Gannushkin, to provide the poet with a separate room. But informants were found, and Yesenin was again “at gunpoint.” On December 28, he is brutally killed under the guise of suicide.

Yesenin family

Since 1914, Yesenin lived in a civil marriage with proofreader Anna Romanovna Izryadnova (1891-1946). She gave birth to his son Yuri, who, after graduating from the Moscow Aviation College, did military service in Khabarovsk, but he was shot in 1937 on false charges. The mother died without knowing the fate of her son.

In 1917, the poet married Zinaida Reich, a Russian actress and future wife of director V. E. Meyerhold. Yesenin's family acquired two more children: Tatyana (1918-1992), who later became a writer and journalist, and Konstantin (1920-1986), who became a journalist and football statistician. But things didn’t work out for the couple again, and in 1921 they officially divorced.

Almost immediately, Yesenin met with an American dancer, whom he married six months later. Together they traveled around Europe and the USA. But upon returning home, unfortunately, they separated.

A dramatic story played out with Yesenin’s secretary, who was his true and faithful friend in the most difficult moments for him. He met with her and sometimes lived with her. They met in 1920. After the poet’s death in 1926, she shot herself at his grave at the Vagankovskoye cemetery. She was buried next to him.

Yesenin also had an illegitimate son from the poetess Nadezhda Davydovna Volpin - Alexander. He was born on May 12, 1924, emigrated to the United States as an adult and became a mathematician. Alexander died quite recently - in March 2016 in Boston.

Yesenin built his last family relationship with Sofia Tolstoy. He wanted to start a new life, but death cut short all plans. On Yesenin’s birthday, October 3, 2015, the whole country celebrated 120 years. This talented poet would have reached that age.

Epilogue

During the Leningrad blockade, Yesenin’s son Konstantin, who fought at the front and asked for leave, appeared on one of the gloomy days of 1943 at the intersection of Nevsky and Liteiny Prospekts. A soldier in a cap pulled down and a frayed and burnt overcoat suddenly saw that the Old Book store was open, and without any purpose he simply walked into it. He stood and looked at it. After the stinking swamps and slimy trenches, being among the books was almost bliss for him. And suddenly a man approached the saleswoman, whose face was very tired and bore traces of hunger and difficult experiences, and asked her if they would have a volume of Yesenin. She replied that now his books are very rare, and the man immediately left. Konstantin was surprised that during the blockade, in a harsh and desperate life, someone needed Yesenin. And what’s surprising is that at that very moment soldier Konstantin Yesenin, the poet’s son, appeared in the store in bandages and dirty boots...

1. Family S.A. Yesenina

Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin was born on September 21, 1895 in the village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan province (now the village of Yesenino). “The surname Yesenin is Russian - indigenous, and it has linguistic roots - osen, tausen, autumn, ash - associated with fertility, with the gifts of the earth, with autumn holidays,” wrote Alexei Tolstoy.

Nikita Osipovich Yesenin is the poet’s paternal grandfather. He was the village headman for many years and enjoyed great respect in the village of Konstantinovo. He married late, at the age of 28, for which he received the nickname Monk. The wife was a 16-year-old girl, Agrafena Pankratyevna Artyushina, who was later nicknamed Nun after her husband. Sergei Yesenin was also called a monk, and his sisters Ekaterina and Alexandra were also called nuns.

Nikita Osipovich died at 42 years old. After the death of her husband, Agrafena Pankratievna was left with small children: two sons and two daughters. Its main income came from its residents: artists working in the church and monks.

Alexander Nikitich Yesenin, the poet’s father, while still a boy, sang in the church choir. He had a wonderful treble. They took him all over the area to the rich for weddings and funerals. When he was 12 years old, his mother was offered to send her son to the Ryazan Cathedral as a singer, but he did not agree and then he was sent to Moscow to a butcher shop.

Two years later, the mother sent her second son to Moscow, Vanya. He became a tinsmith, making tin boxes for sweets.

Six years later, Alexander became a butcher. He was 18 years old when he came to the village to get married. His wife, Tatyana Fedorovna, was not yet 17 years old when she got married. After the wedding, Alexander went to work in Moscow, and his wife remained to live with her mother-in-law. After some time, Vanya also got married, and there were two daughters-in-law in the house. Trouble started. Tatyana Fedorovna left the Yesenins’ house. She gave her little son to be raised by her father and went to the city to earn money. “From the age of two, due to the poverty of his father and the large size of his family, he was given over to be raised by a rather wealthy grandfather,” the poet wrote in one of his autobiographies.

The question of the social environment in which Yesenin grew up and was brought up is important. The poet himself returned to him several times. Literary critic I. Rozanov recalls: “Once, telling me about himself, he emphasized that, like Klyuev, he comes not from the ordinary peasantry, which his critics would so much like, but from the upper, bookish layer.” “In general, my grandfather was a strong man,” said Yesenin. - Heavenly - to heavenly, and earthly - to earthly. No wonder he was a wealthy man.”

Yesenin's maternal grandfather, Fyodor Andreevich Titov, a man of strict religious rules, was an Old Believer. He knew the Holy Scriptures well, memorized many pages of the Bible, the lives of saints, psalms and especially spiritual verses. But he referred to the “earthly” as earthly.

He loved his grandson. “Grandfather sang me old songs, so drawn-out and mournful. On Saturdays and Sundays he told me the Bible and sacred history,” Yesenin recalled.

Peasant hut.

The foul smell of tar,

Old goddess

Lamps short light -

These are the future poet’s impressions of his childhood.

Recalling how his grandfather read Old Believer books to him, Yesenin at the same time noted: “The spoken word has always played a big role in my life”; “As a child, I grew up breathing the atmosphere of folk life”; “Grandfather had an excellent memory and knew a great many songs by heart...”

In addition to the boy’s grandfather, Yesenin was introduced to folk art by his grandmother Natalya Evteevna. “I started composing poetry early,” Yesenin wrote about himself. - The grandmother gave the pushes. She told stories. I didn’t like some fairy tales with bad endings, and I remade them in my own way.”

Grandma!.. not the grandfather, known to the whole village as a talker, a mischievous reveler and a zealot of the peasant house-building, but a religious grandmother - a humble woman, a pityer, a compassionate sister of the kalik passers-by, God's wanderers, who found both table and shelter in the hut behind the white light chapel. “Grandma gave the pushes...”

Then for the first time

I clashed with rhyme.

From a host of feelings

My head turned.

And I said:

Since this itch has awakened,

I will pour out my whole soul into words.

Thus, the boy’s spiritual life took shape under the influence of sacred history and folk poetry. Yesenin's religiosity turned out to be fragile. “I had little faith in God. I didn’t like going to church,” he recalled about his childhood. But throughout his life he retained his love for folk tales, fairy tales, songs, and ditties. Here lay the origins of his creativity.

And there were also uncles, three brothers of the mother - Ivan, Alexander and Peter. With them, Yesenin recalled, “almost my entire childhood passed.”

In 1904, the mother returned, but peace did not come, and this remained until 1907, when the Yesenin brothers separated. From that time on, Alexander and Tatyana began to live alone, in a house built by Nikita Osipovich Yesenin, and raise their three children, Sergei, Alexandra and Ekaterina.

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