In my opinion, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is one of greatest poets 20th century. Today this is generally accepted, however for a long time the well-deserved fame of Bunin the prose writer overshadowed his poetry for readers. But it should be noted that the talent of I.A. Bunin, unusually harmonious, everything is balanced: the prose of this writer is plowed with the poet’s plow, his poems often anticipate the problems and even the style of stories and novellas.
Love... This is a topic that has been addressed by more than one poet and writer. I. A. Bunin is no exception. Love lyrics its quantity is small. But it is in it that many issues that worried the writer later are developed, especially the problem of loneliness. Bunin believes that even love does not save from loneliness, from this “terrible illness.” Having exhausted the “earthly” possibilities, it plunges the hero into a state calm despair.
This mood of restrained tragedy permeates almost the most famous poem Bunina - “Loneliness”. It was published in the ninth book of the collection “Knowledge” for 1904 with a dedication to the artist and friend of Bunin P.A. Nilus. In 1910, this poem performed by the author was recorded on a record:
And the wind, and the rain, and the darkness
Above the cold desert of water.
Here life died until spring,
The gardens were empty until spring,
I'm alone at the dacha. I'm dark
Behind the easel, and blowing out the window.
“Loneliness” begins with a description of the dreary autumn nature: “and the wind, and the rain, and the darkness...”. To create a minor mood, Bunin uses a vivid metaphor: “above the cold desert of water,” showing alienation lyrical hero, their rejection of the surrounding reality. It is not for nothing that the hero feels that “here life died until spring,” meaning the life of nature, and with it his own. The lyrical hero is uncomfortable in this world. “It’s dark for me,” he says, but it’s dark not because of the lack of light outside the window, but because of the lack of “light” in life.
The realization that he could have been happy “yesterday”, but “Today the same clouds go endlessly - coming after ridge...” oppresses the lyrical hero. He says goodbye with seeming ease. But this does not come from indifference, but from an understanding of the inevitability of what is happening:
Your footprint in the rain by the porch
It blurred and filled with water.
And it hurts me to look alone
In the late afternoon gray darkness.
Here the poet already openly talks about loneliness. In his opinion, love is not eternal, and “for a woman there is no past.” Love could fill the void in the soul of the lyrical hero, but this is not destined to happen. She left only a trace in his soul, which will “blur” in the rain and disappear. Only loneliness will reign undivided in the soul and life of the hero. The hero can neither overcome nor drown out the pain of his loneliness. One might think that his fate is doomed, and the melancholy of loneliness is hopeless. But perhaps this is not the case. It’s not for nothing that the lyrical hero is waiting for spring: “Somehow until spring I’ll live alone - without a wife...” Maybe spring will come to the hero’s life, and his heart will come to life, just as nature comes to life every year...
But for now, the desire for happiness and the awareness of its impossibility are expressed in a deliberately calm ending:
Well! I’ll light the fireplace and drink...
It would be nice to buy a dog.
This laconicism is the heritage of literature of the new, 20th century, when the confusion of feelings is conveyed by an indifferent, “outsider” phrase. The last line of the poem is such a phrase. Doomed to loneliness among people, misunderstood, abandoned by his beloved woman, the lyrical hero, nevertheless, does not splash out his emotions. We guess about them only from some details or individual words. “I’ll flood the fireplace” - the hero is trying to disperse the “haze”, the “gray darkness” that has enveloped his soul. “I’ll drink” is an age-old way to “drown” one’s grief in wine – a sign of despair, which not everyone is destined to cope with. “It would be nice to buy a dog,” because a faithful dog will never leave, unlike a woman who has fallen out of love, he will be with his owner for the rest of his life.
Buying a dog means somehow starting to act, exist, live. At this stage, the lyrical hero is not ready for this, which is why the author uses the particle “would” - we do not always carry out what we have in mind. But this line is hope that everything will change for the better.
It is noteworthy that in “Loneliness” there are very few artistic and visual means. It must be said that it is in the intimate lyrics that Bunin’s difference from others is clearly visible noble poets. It manifests itself already in the image of a lyrical hero, far from good-heartedness and enthusiasm, avoiding beauty, phrases, and poses. That is why the language of the poem is simple and laconic, which does not prevent Bunin from conveying the hero’s mood, expressing it state of mind, his feelings.
But for a woman there is no past...I loved - I stopped loving, I loved - I stopped loving... Ivan Alekseevich Bunin in 1903 wrote a modest poem called “Loneliness”, he is still married, but already alone. He is 33 years old and still has more to come. whole life. But for now, strange loneliness forces him to write his sad poetic phrase: " She fell out of love and became a stranger to her!” In 1897, an aspiring writer, future Nobel laureate, Ivan Bunin meets the daughter of the Greek revolutionary Anna Nikolaevna Tsakni, and in 1898 marries her for love. However, the happiness lasted only two years: they, as they would now say, modern psychologists, did not get along in character. He was ten years older than Anna: she loved balls, fun and was almost not interested in her husband’s work. She accused him of callousness and indifference to her hobbies. In 1900, Anna left Bunin and gave birth to a son, who died in 1905... But what about Bunin? He was still associated with Anna for a long time, although since 1906 he had already lived with another woman, Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva, but only in 1922 would Anna Tsakni give the writer an official divorce, which would allow him to register his marriage with his second wife. Was there love and when did it end in this whole story? The world was enriched with a poetic sigh about our eternal loneliness...
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Loneliness And the wind, and the rain, and the darkness Yesterday you were with me Today they go on and on I wanted to shout after: |
Anna Nikolaevna Tsakni
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin 1904 |
In 1927-1929, Ivan Bunin will write autobiographical story"The Life of Arsenyev", where one way or another in literary form will talk about his relationship with his first wife. He ends the story with these lines: " Recently I saw her in a dream - the only time in my entire life long life without her. She was the same age as then, in our time common life and general youth, but her face already had the charm of faded beauty. She was thin and was wearing something that looked like mourning. I saw her vaguely, but with such power of love, joy, with such physical and mental closeness that I had never experienced for anyone.."
P.S. Maybe all this will captivate someone and make them remember the classics. She's not as boring as many people think...
"Loneliness" Ivan Bunin
And the wind, and the rain, and the darkness
Above the cold desert of water.
Here life died until spring,
The gardens were empty until spring.
I'm alone at the dacha. I'm dark
Behind the easel, and blowing out the window.Yesterday you were with me
But you are already sad with me.
In the evening of a stormy day
You began to seem like a wife to me...
Well, goodbye! Someday until spring
I can live alone - without a wife...Today they go on and on
The same clouds - ridge after ridge.
Your footprint in the rain by the porch
It blurred and filled with water.
And it hurts me to look alone
Into the late afternoon gray darkness.I wanted to shout after:
“Come back, I have become close to you!”
But for a woman there is no past:
She fell out of love and became a stranger to her.
Well! I’ll light the fireplace and drink...
It would be nice to buy a dog.
Analysis of Bunin's poem "Loneliness"
The theme of loneliness is one of the key ones in the work of the Russian poet and writer Ivan Bunin. This feeling is experienced by many of the characters in his works, which is explained by the state of mind of the author himself, who for many years remained an unrecognized genius both in his homeland and abroad, where he spent the rest of his life. However, the poem “Loneliness,” created in the summer of 1903, is only partly autobiographical. Ivan Bunin dedicated it to his friend, Odessa artist Pyotr Nilus, whom he called only “the poet of painting.”
This work was written during Ivan Bunin’s next trip abroad - he spent the summer of 1903 in dusty and hot Constantinople, far from friends and loved ones. Despite the fact that this period of creativity was one of the most fruitful for him, in his soul Ivan Bunin, like the hero of his poem, suffered from loneliness. Therefore, dedicating this work Peter Nilus, the author seemed to connect him and his fate with an invisible thread, emphasizing that being alone is the lot of the majority creative people who during their lifetime remain misunderstood even by those whom they consider their friends and lovers.
It is worth noting that before his trip to Constantinople, Ivan Bunin experienced a deep spiritual tragedy, breaking up with his wife, Anna Tsakni. The personal drama left a deep imprint on his work, since during this period life seemed gloomy and colorless to Bunin, and, most importantly, devoid of any meaning. Therefore, it is not surprising that the poem “Loneliness,” written at the height of summer, smells of autumn cold and hopelessness; it is designed in gray tones, and wind, rain and mist are used as a picturesque background. The author transfers the plot of this work to a dank autumn day, when his hero remains in an empty dacha, and it “pains for him to look alone into the early evening gray darkness.” The bleak landscape outside the window, the cold and dampness are just an entourage that only emphasizes mental turmoil, the melancholy and emptiness of the character in this work. Gradually, line by line, the author talks about the personal tragedy of his hero, who breaks up with the woman he loves. The reason for the breakup is very banal - he simply ceased to be interesting to the one whom he actually considered his wife. However, the illusions crumbled to dust, and loneliness became the logical conclusion of the novel.
However, it does not frighten either the author or his hero, who have long come to terms with this state of affairs. Therefore, not a single attempt was made to keep his beloved, and not a single reproach was said against her. Only a sad statement of the fait accompli of parting, as well as the fragile hope of “somehow surviving until spring,” when the empty holiday village will again be filled with the voices of vacationers and wake up from winter hibernation.
The character in the poem “Loneliness” does not intend to speed up the course of events; he accepts his fate with amazing humility and some indifference. "Well! I’ll light the fireplace and drink…” - this is the answer of Bunin and the hero of his work to the world and the people who treated them so cruelly. Therefore, the final stanza of the poem that it would be nice to have a dog in such a situation is a veiled hint that the animal is unlikely to betray its owner. People, especially women, not only easily betray, but also instantly forget about those they once loved, since for them, according to Ivan Bunin, the past simply does not exist. A the world around us is woven from momentary desires and sensations, and there is no place for real and deep feelings in it.
Composition
Bunin was not only a wonderful prose writer, but also an outstanding poet. He embraced the traditions of classical Russian poetry, the traditions of Pushkin and Lermontov, their desire for simplicity and clarity, their transparent verse, their subtle sense of nature.
Bunin dedicated many of his poems to Russian nature, which often evoked joyful, bright feelings in the poet’s soul.
Philosophical issues, often interconnected with the theme of nature, are reflected in Bunin’s poetry. Thus, the idea of the continuity of the connection between the past and the present, the theme of death runs through many of his poetic works.
Of course, Bunin, as a magnificent artist and subtle psychologist, devoted his poetic works living human emotions: love, joy, suffering.
This is, for example, the poem “Loneliness”. The genre is a confessional monologue. The lyrical hero turns to his beloved woman who left him. But at the same time, there is a dialogue with himself: after all, the hero is left alone with his memories.
The poem begins with a description of the autumn landscape, setting emotional background the entire lyric work:
And the wind, and the rain, and the darkness
Above the cold desert of water.
Here life died until spring,
The gardens were empty until spring.
The stanza is built on the principle of gradation. Each new line increases the feeling of homelessness. In the second line, the metaphor “desert of water” creates the effect of endless sadness. The third line introduces the theme of death.
The sad spiritual mood of the lyrical hero gives the images of nature reflected in the poem a feeling of emptiness. Nature and man are fused together, suffering for one reason: nature due to the past spring, and man, who has lost his Spring - his beloved, without which autumn has come in the hero’s soul.
The motif of loneliness in Bunin's lyrics is rooted in the feelings of childhood and youth.
Bunin recalled: “I grew up without peers, in my youth I didn’t have them either... Everyone at that time learns something somewhere, and there, each in his own environment, they meet and converge, but I didn’t study anywhere, I didn’t know any environment "
And yet, a desire clearly emerges to get rid of this dejection, to break into the world of light, hope, to find lost harmony with oneself and the world:
And the heart longs for the shine of the day and happiness.
This work is about a lonely soul who is trying to break through her loneliness, because now it is painful for her. This poem is about a woman, about love, and, ultimately, about the meaning of life.
The poet had nature as an interlocutor and friend since childhood. And the lyrical hero of his works is attentive to the world around him, subtly feels nature, empathizes with it. Now he is in the amber surroundings of a “chilled” garden, now in a birch forest, “where birds are singing,” now in a “sweet forest,” now “slumbering over the Dnieper near a wide reach,” but most often — “among the steppe, space and heaven.” .
Yesterday you were with me...
It turns out that yesterday was also a stormy day, but it was perceived differently because “she was” and “seemed like a wife.” Bunin uses the figure of default here twice. Moreover, behind these dots there are opposite thoughts: the first - what would have happened if she had stayed? Second - what will happen now and how to live alone?
But how difficult it will be to live until spring, if now it is only autumn, and it is impossible to live even this day (today)... The image of “today” in the third stanza expands to infinity:
Today they go on and on
The same clouds - ridge after ridge...
And suddenly - from the clouds, from the sky, from infinity - to a very specific earthly detail:
Your footprint in the rain by the porch
It blurred and filled with water.
Bunin is not afraid to introduce everyday detail into the poem, which often acquires special expressiveness under his pen. There are many more such expressive details in this work. For example, line by line
I'm alone at the dacha. I'm dark
Behind the easel and blowing out the window
We guess that the hero lives in solitude, he is an artist - a creative, vulnerable nature, keenly experiencing all failures and shocks, especially if they concern love.
But what is especially impressive is the emphatically everyday, prosaic ending of the poem, which subtly conveys the melancholy of the abandoned artist:
Well! I’ll light the fireplace and drink...
It would be nice to buy a dog.
The theme of love, the relationship between a man and a woman, is, of course, much more deeply understood in Bunin’s prose, especially in his later one. And in the poem “Loneliness” a knot was tied in this theme that is so exciting to the author.
In my opinion, Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is one of the greatest poets of the 20th century. Today this is generally accepted, but for a long time the well-deserved fame of Bunin the prose writer overshadowed his poetry for readers. But it should be noted that the talent of I.A. Bunin, unusually harmonious, everything is balanced: the prose of this writer is plowed with the poet’s plow, his poems often anticipate the problems and even the style of stories and novellas.
Love... This is a topic that has been addressed by more than one poet and writer. I. A. Bunin is no exception. His love lyrics are small in number. But it is in it that many issues that worried the writer later are developed, especially the problem of loneliness. Bunin believes that even love does not save from loneliness, from this “terrible illness.” Having exhausted the “earthly” possibilities, it plunges the hero into a state of calm despair.
This mood of restrained tragedy permeates perhaps Bunin’s most famous poem, “Loneliness.” It was published in the ninth book of the collection “Knowledge” for 1904 with a dedication to the artist and friend of Bunin P.A. Nilus. In 1910, this poem performed by the author was recorded on a record:
And the wind, and the rain, and the darkness
Above the cold desert of water.
Here life died until spring,
The gardens were empty until spring,
I'm alone at the dacha. I'm dark
Behind the easel, and blowing out the window.
“Loneliness” begins with a description of the dreary autumn nature: “and the wind, and the rain, and the darkness...”. To create a minor mood, Bunin uses a vivid metaphor: “above the cold desert of water,” showing the alienation of the lyrical hero, his rejection of the surrounding reality. It is not for nothing that the hero feels that “here life died until spring,” meaning the life of nature, and with it his own. The lyrical hero is uncomfortable in this world. “It’s dark for me,” he says, but it’s dark not because of the lack of light outside the window, but because of the lack of “light” in life.
The realization that he could have been happy “yesterday”, but “Today the same clouds go endlessly - coming after ridge...” oppresses the lyrical hero. He says goodbye with seeming ease. But this does not come from indifference, but from an understanding of the inevitability of what is happening:
Your footprint in the rain by the porch
It blurred and filled with water.
And it hurts me to look alone
In the late afternoon gray darkness.
Here the poet already openly talks about loneliness. In his opinion, love is not eternal, and “for a woman there is no past.” Love could fill the void in the soul of the lyrical hero, but this is not destined to happen. She left only a trace in his soul, which will “blur” in the rain and disappear. Only loneliness will reign undivided in the soul and life of the hero. The hero can neither overcome nor drown out the pain of his loneliness. One might think that his fate is doomed, and the melancholy of loneliness is hopeless. But perhaps this is not the case. It’s not for nothing that the lyrical hero is waiting for spring: “Somehow until spring I’ll live alone - without a wife...” Maybe spring will come to the hero’s life, and his heart will come to life, just as nature comes to life every year...
But for now, the desire for happiness and the awareness of its impossibility are expressed in a deliberately calm ending:
Well! I’ll light the fireplace and drink...
It would be nice to buy a dog.
This laconicism is the heritage of literature of the new, 20th century, when the confusion of feelings is conveyed by an indifferent, “outsider” phrase. The last line of the poem is such a phrase. Doomed to loneliness among people, misunderstood, abandoned by his beloved woman, the lyrical hero, nevertheless, does not splash out his emotions. We guess about them only from some details or individual words. “I’ll flood the fireplace” - the hero is trying to disperse the “haze”, the “gray darkness” that has enveloped his soul. “I’ll drink” is an age-old way to “drown” one’s grief in wine – a sign of despair, which not everyone is destined to cope with. “It would be nice to buy a dog,” because a faithful dog will never leave, unlike a woman who has fallen out of love, he will be with his owner for the rest of his life.
Buying a dog means somehow starting to act, exist, live. At this stage, the lyrical hero is not ready for this, which is why the author uses the particle “would” - we do not always carry out what we have in mind. But this line is hope that everything will change for the better.
It is noteworthy that in “Loneliness” there are very few artistic and visual means. It must be said that it is in the intimate lyrics that Bunin’s difference from other noble poets is clearly visible. It manifests itself already in the image of a lyrical hero, far from good-heartedness and enthusiasm, avoiding beauty, phrases, and poses. That is why the language of the poem is simple and laconic, which does not prevent Bunin from conveying the mood of the hero, expressing his state of mind, his feelings.
