This is the question I asked myself while studying the latest newfangled planning techniques.
Time management gurus argue hotly on this issue - some argue that multitasking is a way to get more done, others argue that it is impossible to do several things well at once.
Who to believe more?
My conclusion from my own experience is this: everything depends on each individual person, his character and temperament. For example, women are more multitasking - driving a car, putting on lipstick and talking on the phone is our purely “girlish” trick.
If you can quickly and without loss perform several important tasks at once, this is a cool skill that can and should be used!
For example, I belong to that same breed of Julius Caesars who are simply bored with doing one thing. But at the same time, it is sometimes very difficult for me to concentrate on an important task in order to complete it. This is a serious drawback that you have to work on manually.
So, multitasking is a great thing if you follow a few simple rules:
- Try to combine activities from different areas - for example, physical and mental activity - listening to audiobooks while jogging in the morning, washing dishes and thinking through plans for the day, talking on the phone and dusting. This is purely female advice, based on the ability to use two hemispheres of the brain at once. And this is very helpful in the daily routine.
- One of the tasks performed must necessarily be a skill brought to automaticity. That is, when performing it, you should not think at all about WHAT and HOW you are doing - your hands themselves perform the necessary manipulations. Then you can safely add one more thing.
- Use "helpers". For example, simultaneously preparing lunch and negotiating with a client on Skype is my daily practice. Thanks to such a wonderful device as a multicooker.
- One of the things being done is always a priority. That is, if you notice that you are tired, you need to leave minor things and complete the main things. Typically, this is a task with a time constraint or one on which the work of others depends. You cannot fail to do it.
- Evaluate the results upon completion of the work. Are you satisfied with the quality of work? If you only did one of two things, would it be done better?
- And finally, my personal rule is not to combine games and activities with the child and work. It’s better to captivate your baby with something interesting and get things done than to try to do everything at once, shouting over crying and indignation.
Modern life imposes more and more responsibility on a person, while at the same time taking up more and more of his resources. In this regard, many people have to do several things at the same time, otherwise they will not have time.
Is it possible to productively do several things at the same time? As practice shows, many people live in such a rhythm: they simultaneously check email, talk, and solve problems. Plus, they have a snack.
This mode of life is called multitasking - solving many problems in one period of time.
Working on one problem at a time is called single-tasking.
It seems that multitasking is far superior to single-tasking in its effectiveness. Is it true?
Unfortunately, everything is exactly the opposite.
Whatever multitasking involves, in addition to purely physical participation, this mode of work always seriously increases the demands on both the human brain and the emotional sphere in general.
At the same time, both with multitasking and with single-tasking, a person cannot go beyond the limits of his own resources.
But if, with single-tasking, all the forces of the body, roughly speaking, are aimed at solving one specific problem with maximum efficiency, then with multitasking, these same forces are scattered over many areas.
In this regard, if a person does many things at the same time (even if it is a set of extremely simple actions), then this negatively affects the productivity of his work:
- The brain has difficulty sorting and filtering out information;
- Human memory in such conditions works with low efficiency;
- Thought processes, due to scattered attention, are disrupted;
- The concentration of attention itself falls;
- It is difficult for a person to complete the work he has begun;
- The percentage of creative, imaginative solutions is low.
It turns out that even introducing a simple action simultaneously with the main work can seriously reduce the likelihood of a quick positive result.
What happens if you do only one thing at a time?
Sequential task completion, as opposed to multitasking, is an efficient way to work.
With single-tasking, all thought processes are subordinated to only one thing: to complete the work as accurately, efficiently and quickly as possible.
At the same time, the brain of such a person retains concentration much longer and is able to work without loss of speed and efficiency. And human creative abilities are subordinated to one task - finding the most correct solution to a problem.
Remember how often we do something while simultaneously listening to our favorite songs, talking with someone on distant topics, or periodically glancing at the TV screen.
By learning to avoid this (to avoid even this kind of multitasking), we can take our productivity and efficiency to a whole new level.
Gaius Julius Caesar - one of the most famous people in human history. He is famous for establishing imperial power in the huge Roman state. Before Caesar, Rome was a republic and was governed by an elected body - the Senate.
Julius Caesar was born in Rome in 100 BC. His path to power has begun in 65 BC , when Caesar was elected aedile - organizer of spectacles. This position in ancient Rome was much more important than it may seem to us now. The Romans were very fond of spectacles. The most famous slogan of the riots of the Roman poor - "Meal'n'Real!". The Colosseum amphitheater, which could accommodate up to 50 thousand people, has survived to this day in Rome. It hosted fights between gladiators and animals. Julius Caesar knew how to stage magnificent spectacles, for which he earned the love of the Romans.
In 60 BC he was elected chief judge, and two years later, while seeking the post of consul, he won over to his side two prominent citizens of Rome - Pompey and Crassus. Together with them, Julius Caesar formed an influential political alliance - the first triumvirate (“union of three husbands”). This political body replaced the government and greatly limited the power of the Senate. Senators, concerned that Julius Caesar had achieved too much power, attempted to get rid of him. They sent him as governor to Gaul (modern France, Switzerland and Belgium), where the war was then going on. However, Caesar turned out to be not only a cunning politician, but also a talented commander.
The Gallic campaign was very successful, and Caesar significantly expanded the boundaries of the Roman state. As a result, Julius Caesar added to his popularity among the people his popularity in the army. The Roman legions in Gaul were ready to follow him anywhere.
In 49 BC The Roman Senate made a last desperate attempt to remove Caesar from power. He was ordered to leave his troops in Gaul and report to Rome. Julius Caesar understood that fulfilling the demands of the Senate would put an end to all his ambitious dreams. However, disobeying the Senate meant starting a war with powerful Rome. By then the triumvirate had collapsed. Crassus died in a military campaign, and Pompey took the side of the senators and led their troops.
A few days Caesar with his legions stood by the Rubicon River in Northern Italy, not daring to invade the possessions of Rome. However, ambition took over, and Caesar entered the civil war. This war was quick and successful, luck was on the side of Julius Caesar. He entered Rome as a winner, where he was greeted by enthusiastic crowds of people. Pompey fled outside Italy and a year later was finally defeated and killed.
After this victory, the power of the Senate was greatly weakened, and in 45 BC Caesar was appointed dictator for life. But even this seemed not enough to him: he strove for absolute power, which he could pass on by inheritance. However, the patience of the senators was not unlimited. In response to the dictator's demands, a group of senators hatched a conspiracy. The supporters of the republic were led by Caesar's closest friend Brutus and Cassius, an ally of Pompey who was pardoned by Caesar.
In 44 BC Caesar was killed right in the Senate chamber. The conspirators stabbed him with daggers. However, this did not save the Roman Republic. The Roman people were outraged by the death of Caesar. Brutus and Cassius had to flee to Greece. There they tried to gather an army, but were defeated by Caesar's friend Mark Antony. From that time on, Rome became an empire, and Caesar's adopted son Augustus Octavian became the first emperor of Rome.
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Gaius Julius Caesar - commander, politician, writer, dictator, high priest. He came from an ancient Roman family of the ruling class and consistently sought all government positions and led a line of political opposition to the senatorial aristocracy. He was merciful, but sent a number of his main opponents to execution.
The Yuliev family originated from a noble family, which, according to legend, descended from the goddess Venus.
Julius Caesar's mother, Avrelia Kotta, was from the noble and wealthy Aurelius family. My paternal grandmother came from the ancient Roman family of Marcii. Ancus Marcius was the fourth king of Ancient Rome from 640 to 616. BC e.
Childhood and youth
We have not received exact data about the time of birth of the emperor. Today it is generally accepted that he was born in 100 BC. e., however, the German historian Theodor Mommsen believes that it was 102 BC. e., and the French historian Jerome Carcopino points to 101 BC. e. Both July 12 and July 13 are considered birthdays.
Gaius Julius spent his childhood in the poor ancient Roman region of Subura. Parents gave their son a good education, he studied Greek, poetry and oratory, learned to swim, rode horseback and developed physically. In 85 BC. e. the family lost its breadwinner and Caesar, after initiation, became the head of the family, since none of the older male relatives remained alive.
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Beginning of a career as a politician
In Asia
In the 80s BC. e. The military leader Lucius Cornelius Cinna proposed the person of Gaius Julius to replace the flamenes, priest of the god Jupiter. But for this he needed to marry according to the solemn ancient rite of confarreatio, and Lucius Cornelius chose his daughter Cornelia Cinilla as his wife for Caesar. In 76 BC. e. The couple had a daughter, Julia (Ivlia).
Today, historians are no longer sure about the inauguration ceremony of Julius. On the one hand, this would prevent him from engaging in politics, but, on the other, the appointment was a good way to strengthen the position of the Caesars.
After the betrothal of Gaius Julius and Cornelia, there was a riot in the troops and the military attacked Cinna, he was killed. The dictatorship of Lucius Cornelius Sulla was established, after which Caesar, as a relative of the opponent of the new ruler, was outlawed. He disobeyed Sulla, refused to divorce his wife and left. The dictator searched for the disobedient man for a long time, but, as time passed, he pardoned him at the request of his relatives.
Caesar soon joined Marcus Minucius Thermus, governor of the Roman province of Asia Minor - Asia.
Ten years ago, his father held this position. Julius became an equites (equites) of Marcus Minucius, a patrician who fought on horseback. The first task that Therm gave to his contubernal was to negotiate with the Bithynia king Nycomed IV.
As a result of successful negotiations, the ruler transfers Thermae a flotilla to take the city of Mytilene on the island of Lesvos, which did not accept the results of the First Mithridatic War (89-85 BC) and resisted the Roman people. The city was successfully captured.
For the operation on Lesbos, Gaius Julius received a civilian crown - a military award, and Marcus Minucius resigned.
In 78 BC. e. Lucius Sulla dies in Italy and Caesar decides to return to his homeland.
Roman events
In 78 BC. e. The military leader Marcus Lepidus organized a revolt of the Italians (Italici) against the laws of Lucius. Caesar then did not accept the invitation to become a participant. In 77-76. BC e Gaius Julius tried to sue Sulla's supporters: the politician Cornelius Dolabella and the commander Antonius Hybrida. But he failed, despite his brilliant indictments.
After this, Julius decided to visit the island of Rhodes (Rhodus) and the school of rhetoric of Apollonius Molon, but on the way there he was captured by pirates, from where he was later rescued by Asian ambassadors for fifty talents. Wanting revenge, the former captive equipped several ships and himself took the pirates prisoner, executing them by crucifixion. In 73 BC. e. Caesar was included in the collegial governing body of the pontiffs, where his uncle Gaius Aurelius Cotta had previously ruled.
In 69 BC. e. Caesar's wife Cornelia died during the birth of her second child; the baby also did not survive. At the same time, Caesar's aunt, Ivlia Maria, also dies. Soon Gaius Julius becomes a Roman ordinary magistrate (magistratus), which gives him the opportunity to enter the Senate. He was sent to Far Spain (Hispania Ulterior), where he took upon himself the resolution of financial issues and the execution of orders from the propraetor Antistius Vetus.
In 66 BC. e. Gaius Julius is elected magistrate of Rome. His responsibilities include expanding construction in the city, maintaining trade and public events.
In 65 BC. e. he held such memorable Roman games with gladiators that he managed to amaze his sophisticated citizens.
In 64 BC. e. Gaius Julius was the head of the judicial commission (Quaestiones perpetuae) for criminal trials, which allowed him to bring to account and punish many of Sulla's henchmen.
In 63 BC. e. Quintus Metellus Pius died, vacating the lifelong seat of Pontifex Maximus. Caesar decides to put forward his own candidacy for her. The opponents of Gaius Julius are the consul Quintus Catulus Capitolinus and the commander Publius Vatia Isauricus. After numerous bribes, Caesar wins the election by a large margin and moves to live on the Sacred Road (via Sacra) in the state housing of the pontiff.
Participation in the conspiracy
In 65 and 63 BC e. One of the political conspirators, Lucius Sergius Catilina, twice attempted a coup. Marcus Tullius Cicero, being an opponent of Caesar, tried to accuse him of participating in conspiracies, but could not provide the necessary evidence and failed. Marcus Porcius Cato, the informal leader of the Roman Senate, also testified against Caesar and ensured that Gaius Julius left the Senate persecuted by threats.
First triumvirate
Praetura
In 62 BC. BC, using the powers of praetor, Caesar wanted to transfer the reconstruction of the plan of Jupiter Capitolinus (Iuppiter Optimus Maximus Capitolinus) from Quintus Catulus Capitolinus to Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, but the Senate did not support this bill.
After the proposal of the tribune Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos, supported by Caesar, to send Pompey with troops to Rome to pacify Catiline, the Senate removed both Quintus Caecilius and Gaius Julius from their posts, but the second was quickly restored.
In 62 BC. e. Caesar's wife Pompey organized a festival in their house dedicated to the Good Goddess (Bona Dea), which could only be attended by women. But one of the politicians, Publius Clodius Pulcher, came to the holiday; he dressed up as a woman and wanted to meet Pompeii. Senators found out about what happened, considered it a disgrace and demanded a trial. Gaius Julius did not wait for the outcome of the trial and divorced Pompeia so as not to expose his personal life to the public. Moreover, the spouses never produced any heirs.
In Farther Spain
In 61 BC. e. The trip of Gaius Julius to Far Spain as propraetor was postponed for a long time due to the presence of a large number of debts. The commander Marcus Licinius Crassus vouched for Gaius Julius and paid part of his loans.
When the new propraetor arrived at his destination, he had to deal with the dissatisfaction of the inhabitants with the Roman authorities. Caesar gathered a detachment of militia and began to fight the “bandits.” The commander with an army of twelve thousand approached the Serra da Estrela mountain range and ordered the local residents to leave there. They refused to move and Gaius Julius attacked them. The highlanders went across the Atlantic Ocean to the Berlenga Islands, killing all their pursuers.
But Caesar, after a series of thoughtful operations and strategic maneuvers, still conquers the popular resistance, after which he was awarded the honorary military title of emperor, victor.
Gaius Julius was also active in the daily affairs of the subordinate lands. He presided over court hearings, introduced tax reforms, and eradicated the practice of sacrifice.
During his period of activity in Spain, Caesar was able to pay off most of his debts thanks to rich gifts and bribes from residents of the wealthy south. At the beginning of 60 BC. e. Gaius Julius relinquishes his assigned powers ahead of schedule and returns to Rome.
Triumvirate
Rumors about the victories of the propraetor soon reached the Senate and its members considered that Caesar's return should be accompanied by a triumph (triumphus) - a ceremonial entry into the capital. But then, before the triumphant event, Gaius Julius was not allowed, by law, to enter the city. And since he also planned to take part in the upcoming elections for the post of consul, where his personal presence was required for registration, the commander abandoned his triumph and began to fight for a new position.
By bribing voters, Caesar nevertheless becomes consul, and with him the military leader Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus wins the elections.
In order to strengthen his own political position and existing power, Caesar enters into a secret conspiracy with Pompey and Crassus, uniting two influential politicians with opposing views. As a result of the conspiracy, a powerful alliance of military leaders and politicians appears, called the First Triumvirate (triumviratus - “union of three husbands”).
Consulate
In the first days of the consulate, Caesar began to submit new bills to the Senate for consideration. The first agrarian law was adopted, according to which the poor could receive plots of land from the state, which it bought from large landowners. First of all, land was given to large families. To prevent speculation, new landowners had no right to resell their plots for the next twenty years. The second bill concerned the taxation of farmers in the province of Asia; their contributions were reduced by one third. The third law dealt with bribes and extortion; it was adopted unanimously, unlike the first two.
To strengthen the connection with Pompey, Gaius Julius married his daughter Julia to him. Caesar himself decides to marry for the third time, this time his wife is Calpurnia, daughter of Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus.
Proconsul
Gallic War
When Gaius Julius, after the expiration of his term, resigned as consul, he continued to conquer lands for Rome. During the Gallic War (Bellum Gallicum), Caesar, displaying extraordinary diplomacy and strategy, skillfully took advantage of the disagreements of the Gallic leaders. In 55 BC. e. He defeated the Germans who crossed the Rhine (Rhein), after which in ten days he built a bridge 400 meters long and attacked them himself, the first in the history of Rome.
He was the first of the Roman commanders to invade Great Britain, where he carried out several brilliant military operations, after which he was forced to leave the island.
In 56 BC. e. A regular meeting of the triumvirs took place in Lucca, at which it was decided to continue and develop political support for each other.
By 50 BC. e. Gaius Julius suppressed all the uprisings, completely subjugating his former territories to Rome.
In 53 BC. e. Crassus dies and the triumvirate ceases to exist. A struggle began between Pompey and Julius. Pompey became the head of the republican government, and the Senate did not extend the powers of Gaius Julius in Gaul. Then Caesar decides to revolt. Having gathered soldiers, with whom he was extremely popular, he crosses the border river Rubicone and, seeing no resistance, captures some cities. Frightened Pompey and his close senators flee the capital. Caesar invites the rest of the Senate to rule the country together.
In Rome, Caesar is appointed dictator. Pompey's attempts to prevent Gaius Julius failed, the fugitive himself was killed in Egypt, but Caesar did not accept the enemy's head as a gift; he mourned his death. While in Egypt, Caesar helps Queen Cleopatra, conquers Alexandria, and in North Africa annexes Numidia to Rome.
Murder
The return of Gaius Julius to the capital is accompanied by a magnificent triumph. He does not skimp on rewarding his soldiers and commanders, arranges feasts for the citizens of the city, organizes games and mass shows. Over the next ten years, he is proclaimed "emperor" and "father of the fatherland." He issues many laws, including laws on citizenship, on the structure of the state, against luxury, on unemployment, on the issuance of free bread, changes the time system and others.
Caesar was idolized and given great honor by erecting his statues and painting his portraits. He had the best security, he was personally involved in the appointment of people to government positions and their removal.
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Seven at the same time, unrelated to each other.
In ancient Rome, gladiator fights were not just entertainment, they carried an important religious meaning. In fact, these were sacrifices to the gods. Therefore, those who did not go to fights were looked at rather askance - much like in Russia they look askance at those who do not drink vodka :) Gaius Julius Caesar was precisely one of those who were not interested in gladiator fights. It’s unlikely that it was because he couldn’t stand the sight of blood, but rather because after all the wars he fought, gladiator fights looked the same as street football after the World Cup. However, as a “consul for life” he was forced to attend the battles. Populism in those years was much cooler than now :) In order not to waste time, Caesar was busy working with correspondence in his box.) So, when one of Caesar’s close people reproached Caesar - how can he watch battles and write letters at the same time? - Gaius Julius invariably answered, without taking his eyes off the letter, that “Caesar can do not only two, but even three things at the same time - watch battles, write letters, and talk. "
Healthy
Gaius Julius Caesar - ancient Roman statesman and politician, dictator, commander, writer. Gaius Julius Caesar was born in Subura, a suburb of Rome, located not far from the Forum, into a patrician family from the Julius family, which played a significant role in the history of Rome since ancient times. Before Caesar, the Julian family, despite their aristocratic origins, was not rich by the standards of the Roman nobility of that time. That is why, until Caesar himself, almost none of his relatives achieved much influence. After Sulla's death, Caesar returned to Rome and joined the political struggle. Caesar lost both trials, but despite this, he gained fame as one of the best orators in Rome. In 65 BC, according to some conflicting contemporary accounts, Caesar was involved in an unsuccessful plot to seize power. In 62 BC. Julius Caesar sends a praetor. Caesar's Gallic proconsulate was a direct continuation of his activities in the previous 7-8 years, aimed at obtaining under his command large military forces that could allow him to claim power and, if necessary, balance the military influence of Pompey. The brilliant results of the first expeditions enormously raised Caesar's prestige in Rome; Gallic money supported this prestige no less successfully. Senate opposition to the triumvirate, however, did not sleep, and Pompey in Rome experienced a number of unpleasant moments. Over the long period of his political activity, Julius Caesar clearly understood that one of the main evils causing a serious illness of the Roman political system is the instability, impotence and purely urban character of the executive power, the selfish, narrow party and class character of the power of the Senate. From the early moments of his career, he openly and definitely struggled with both. The guiding idea of Caesar's foreign policy was the creation of a strong and integral state with natural borders, if possible. Caesar pursued this idea in the north, south, and east. In all of Caesar's reform activities, two main ideas are clearly noted. One is the need to unite the Roman state into one whole, the need to smooth out the difference between the citizen-master and the provincial-slave, to smooth out the differences between nationalities; the other, closely related to the first, is the streamlining of administration, close communication between the state and its subjects, the elimination of intermediaries, and a strong central government. Caesar was assassinated on March 15, 44 BC. at a meeting of the Senate. When friends once advised the dictator to beware of his enemies and surround himself with guards, Caesar replied: “It is better to die once than to constantly expect death.” A broad education, grammatical and literary, gave Caesar the opportunity, like most educated people of that time, to be active not only in politics, but also in literature. Caesar's literary activity in his mature years was, however, not a goal for him, but a means of a purely political nature. According to the unanimous testimony of all ancient authors, Caesar was distinguished by sexual promiscuity: “he was the lover of many famous people.”
noble women,” including the wives of his fellow triumvirate members - Tertulla, the wife of Crassus, and Mucia, the wife of Pompey; They also claimed his connection with the wife of his ally, King Bogud of Mauritania, Eunoe. Caesar was especially loved by Servilia, the sister of Cato the Younger and the mother of Brutus, which gave rise to the legend that Brutus was Caesar’s own son (although Brutus was only 17-19 years younger than Caesar, the height of the affair with Servilia was at the end of his 60s). s, when Brutus was already entering adulthood, the personality of Caesar always attracted the attention of researchers of ancient history, but assessments of his activities were different. The founder of one of the first scientific schools of studying Roman history, Barthold Niebuhr, reservedly assessed the activities of the dictator. In 1724, on the instructions of Peter. I F. Anokhin translated four books of “Notes” into Russian, but the translation was not published and was lost.
Caesar- one of the titles of the rulers of the Roman Empire. Descended from the cognomen of the Julius family “Caesar”, the bearer of which was a politician and commander of the Roman Republic of the 1st century. BC. Gaius Julius Caesar. Gaius Julius Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC. In the 3rd-4th centuries, the title “Caesar” was inextricably linked with the idea of co-government, when the senior ruler, to whom the title “August” was assigned, shared power with the junior co-ruler, “Caesar”.
