Russian language. Rules when writing the prefix -pre -pri and received the best answer
Answer from Nana Chan[master]
First you need to make sure that pre/pri is a prefix and not part of the root.
When it is written:
PRE is written:
It is also necessary to distinguish between prefixes according to their meaning - “Arrive at the meeting place” and “Stay at sea” (1 case - approaching, 2 case - meaning “to be”). Plus there are prefixes with unclear meaning, for example, “to betray” (someone), quirk, etc.
Source: head and exams :)
Answer from Yoasha Gordeev[newbie]
The prefix indicates:
1) spatial proximity): school, suburban;
2) joining, approaching: solder, approach;
3) performing an action incompletely or for a limited period: open, pause
4) bringing the action to the end: to swim, to accustom;
5) an action performed in the interests of the subject: to appropriate. hide
The prefix pre- indicates:
1) the meaning of “through” (close in meaning to the prefix per): transgress (step over);
2) the meaning of “in a different way”: to transform (to do to others, to change), to argue (to say differently, not what they want to hear);
3) a high degree of quality (close in meaning to the word “very”): very interesting (very interesting);
4) to an action that reaches the limit: exceed
Answer from Kolyan Borodin[active]
PRE
1 If it matters VERY
2 If the value is PER
AT
2 If the action is incomplete
save, hide
Answer from Kirill Popov[newbie]
pa
Answer from Yergey[active]
4 years
Answer from Ilmir Imamov[newbie]
an incomplete family is a family with a child in which there is no married couple
Answer from Sasha Vikhorev[newbie]
When it is written:
1.in the meaning of approaching - to approach, to come
2. In the meaning of accession - to attach, to nail
3. In the sense of proximity to something - station, seaside
4. Incomplete action - lie down, sit down
5. In the meaning of touch - to touch
PRE is written:
1. In the meaning of “very” - wise, beautiful
2. Similar to the meaning of the prefix “pere” - to block
It is also necessary to distinguish between prefixes according to their meaning - “Arrive at the meeting place” and “Stay at sea” (1 case - approaching, 2 case - meaning “to be”). Plus there are prefixes with unclear meaning, for example “to betray” (someone), a quirk
Answer from Pavel Korytov[newbie]
The prefix indicates:
1) spatial proximity
2) joining, approaching
3) performing an action incompletely or for a limited period
4) bringing the action to completion
5) action performed in the interests of the subject: assign
The prefix pre- indicates:
1) the meaning of “through” (close in meaning to the prefix per)
2) meaning “differently”
3) high degree of quality (close in meaning to the word “very”)
4) to an action that reaches the limit
Answer from 66iydf[newbie]
how?
Answer from Alexey Grechishchev[newbie]
PRE
1 If it matters VERY
very large - very large, exaggerate - greatly increase, etc.
2 If the value is PER
break the law (transgress), transform (change appearance)
AT
1 If denotes proximity, coming together or joining
nail, adjacent, bring, approach
2 If the action is incomplete
ajar, burn, touch
3 If action is complete
dampen, invent, look after
4 Performs an action in someone else's interests
save, hide
When is the prefix at and when is the prefix written?
- approximation: at be, at jump, at fly, at crawl;
- accession: at screw, at fasten, at sculpt, at beat;
- close location: at station, at city, at Volga;
- incompleteness of action: at open, at sprinkle (with snow) at jam (sound);
- bringing the action to completion: at think, at squint;
- accompanying action: at dance, at clap at whistle
- approximation. For example: come, come, arrive, come running,
- accession. For example: attach, sew, stick, nail,
- close location. For example: front-line, courtier,
- incompleteness of actions. For example: lower, open,
- accompanying action. For example, chorus, dance.
- if it is synonymous with the prefix PERE. For example, to overcome
- if the prefix matters very much. For example, beautiful (very beautiful), wise (very wise).
ADD - write when you attach or bring something closer: screw, stick, add, glue, run, infield (plot).
PRE- write when this prefix can be replaced with the word very: beautiful, prevails, etc.
When-: approximation, accession, incompleteness of action; pre- = meaning very, close in meaning to the prefix re-. This is the basic rule, but there are many exceptions, you need to check the dictionary.
To understand how to spell a particular word with the prefix pri- or pre-, you need to analyze the meaning of the word itself. This is what writing depends on.
Specifically, the prefix is assigned in the following semantic meanings: approach, accession, incomplete action, accompanying action, close location. And the prefix is written in the meaning pere, as well as in the meaning very.
IMHO, everyone should know when the prefix at and when pre is written - after all, the school curriculum devotes quite a few hours to this, and the rules are simple and understandable on an intuitive level.
Prefix:
1) in the meaning of very, gives the words a superior tone: wonderful, excellent, most unpleasant, successful, most lovely;
2) in the meaning through or re: transform, criminal, obstacle, perversely.
Prefix at.
The prefix PRI- has five works in Russian: - location near something (seaside, school); - incomplete action (open slightly, pause); - joining, adjoining, approaching something (attach, nail); - bringing the action to the end (invent, knock); - performing an action in someone’s interests (save, hide).
The prefix PRE- has only two jobs: - when the prefix pre can be replaced with the words very or very (pre-kind, very interesting); meaning through or otherwise (transform, stumbling block)
The prefix is assigned when it denotes the approach or attachment of actions, for example, bring, attach, and others. This prefix is also used in cases of incomplete actions, close proximity, accompanying actions, for example, open slightly, suburb, dance and others.
The prefix pre- has a very significant meaning, for example, beautiful and others.
According to the rules of the Russian language, the spelling of prefixes in this case depends on the meaning of the word.
Thus, we will write the prefix when in the case when we are talking about approaching and joining. For example, glued, screwed, suburb.
We will write the prefix pre in the case when the meaning is very. For example, beautiful, wise.
Spelling of prefixes pre- And at- in Russian orthography it is semantic, that is, based on the meaning of the prefix, which it introduces into the semantics of the word.
How can you learn to distinguish between these prefixes with unstressed vowels? e And And in them?
Let's take a closer look at this.
Console at- has the following meanings:
Console pre- synonymous with the prefix re-:
pre break up the conversation - re break up a conversation;
pre break - re break.
At the console pre- there is a meaning Very in words: pre cute (very cute) pre rude (very rude), pre curious (very curious).
In this meaning the prefix pre- forms qualitative adjectives with a heightened attribute.
For a number of words, the prefixes do not stand out, but have become part of the root. We will remember the spelling of these words or learn from the dictionary, for example: hello, example, diligent, private, primitive, pursue, advantage, drug, neglect.
Some words are borrowed, we will remember their spelling: applicant, prelude, president, precedent, claim, preamble, prima donna, prevail, etc.
For verbs, the prefix PRI is written in the following cases when the verbs have a meaning:
The prefix PRE is written on verbs in the following cases:
The writing of these prefixes follows a general rule; both prefixes occur under stress: cf. tether, approach, sound, whistle, arrived, given, called And interrupted, betrayed. The application of a general rule requires taking into account the different meanings of these prefixes.
The prefix PRE- is written in cases:
1) when she gives words action limit value exceeding any measure, or the highest degree of quality: extol, exceed, exaggerate, excel, excel; excellent, very pretty, very nice, very nice;
2) when she has the meaning of the prefix re -: block (block), transform, stop, tradition (transmit), transgress (step over), perverse (inverted), successor (adopt).
The prefix PRI- gives meaning to words:
1) spatial proximity , adjacencies: seaside, Amur region, coastal area, station, household;
2) addition, approximation, accession : bend, drive, bring, tie, freeze, fasten;
3) incompleteness of action : attach, open, lie down, lower, subside;
4) bringing an action to completion, to a certain result : find, finish off, muffle ("muffle completely"), accustom, invent, kill;
5) taking action in one's own interests , enhanced manifestation of action: take a closer look, pocket, lure, dress up, hide, appropriate, listen;
6) accompanying action : hum, whistle, dance.
Note 1. The prefix is of Old Slavonic origin. In Russian, it corresponds to a prefix with a full-vowel combination of re-, cf.: barrier - partition, betray - hand over.
Note 2. It is necessary to distinguish between the spellings of words that are similar in sound but different in meaning with the prefixes pre- and pre-; Wed: despise(hate) and despise(give shelter); Wed Also: contempt And charity; bow down(head) and bow down(branch to the ground); implement(dream into reality) and pretend(door), pretend(sleeping); endure(inconvenience) and get used to it(to inconvenience); transient(moment, cf.: transitory) and coming(postman, participle of come).
Note 3. It is necessary to distinguish between the spelling of words multiply(“multiply greatly”) and increase(“add a small amount”), although these meanings are often difficult to distinguish.
Note 4. In the following words, the former prefixes are no longer distinguished: limit, item, advantage, contradict, deceive, pass over, (punctuation marks), obstacle, hindrance, bicker, notorious, satiate, abhor, stumbling block (stumbling block), device, fastidious, handsome, order, decent, primitive, claim, communion, reason, affection.
Note 5. In borrowed words the prefixes both pre- and pri- are written: preamble, prevail, president, presidium, drug; private, prima donna, privilege, primitive, priority.
Spelling words with prefixes PRE- and PRI-
In order to write words starting with PRE- or PRI without errors, you need to learn the following rule.
In most words, the choice of vowel I or E depends on the meaning of the prefix.
The prefix PRI- can mean:
1. Spatial contiguity, proximity: COASTAL, SCHOOL.
2. Approaching, joining: ARRIVE, LEAN, STICK.
3. Incomplete action: CLOSE THE DOOR, BEND, DECORATE.
4. Bringing the action to an end: SHOOT, IMAGINE.
The prefix PRE- can express:
1. A high degree of quality or action and have a meaning close to the meaning of the word “very”: WORST, PRECIOUS, PREVAIL.
2. A meaning close to the meaning of the prefix PERE-: TRANSFORM, TRANSFORM, BARRIER.
This rule has two notes:
1. It is necessary to distinguish between the spellings of words that are similar in sound, but different in meaning:
DESPITE (hate) – DESPITE (give shelter), BEND (kneel) – BEND (branch), SUFFER (difficulties, misfortunes) – BEAR (to circumstances), TRANSIENT (moment) – COMING (postman),
STAY (be) – ARRIVE (approach).
2. There are words in which the spelling of the vowel cannot be explained by the rule stated above. These are Russian words in which the prefix is no longer singled out (for example, NATURE, REASON, CLAIM, DEVICE, PRELESTCHAT, PREPONA, PREPOSVOVITI), as well as borrowings (PRESIDIUM, PREAMBLE, PREPARATION, PRIVILEGE, PRIMITIVE, PRIVATE, PRIORITY). In such cases, to avoid mistakes, you need to use a dictionary.
Exercise
1. Korotkov didn’t hear, although he kept his ear to the keyhole. (M. Bulgakov, "Diaboliada")
2. Dasha climbed onto the stove with difficulty, covered herself with her coat, and pulled up her legs. (A. Tolstoy, “Walking through Torment”)
3. So, I got down and went to my unit. (A. Tolstoy, “Walking through Torment”)
4. Overcoming a headache, he got ready for the last fight. (A. Tolstoy, “Walking through Torment”)
5. This Kuzma Kuzmich, while still in the carriage, was looking at Dasha - somehow he liked her. (A. Tolstoy, “Walking through Torment”)
6. The siskin was constantly chirping and jumping, and the cage was constantly swaying and shaking. (According to I. Turgenev, “Fathers and Sons”)
7. He pushed his hat to the back of his head, holding the rifle. (A. Tolstoy, “Walking through Torment”)
8. Instead of sunflowers, luring the sun into the small windows of the huts, only rotten stems stick out. (A. Tolstoy, “Walking through Torment”)
9. At that moment the boat was sailing. (I. Turgenev, “On the Eve”)
10. Let grief give you strength. (A. Tolstoy, “Walking through Torment”)
11. Isn’t this property based on the fact that they have fewer traces of nobility than we do? (I. Turgenev, “Fathers and Sons”)
12. But I cannot feel inferior, the last of all. (A. Tolstoy, “Walking through Torment”)
13. Why assume in advance that I am an enemy? (A. Tolstoy, “Walking through Torment”)
14. You will have to give up all your habits; there, alone, you will have to work... (I. Turgenev, “On the Eve”)
15. I, despite numerous vices, have never known misfortune. (A. Tolstoy, “Walking through Torment”)
16. Further service record is enclosed with the passport. (A. Tolstoy, “Walking through torment”)
17. At that moment A.V. entered the room, and the conversation stopped. (I. Turgenev, “On the Eve”)
18. Insarov read Elena’s note and immediately began to put his room in order. (I. Turgenev, “On the Eve”)
19. Agrippina walked as if tied, step by step - behind her husband. (A. Tolstoy, “Walking through torment”)
20. I know a nasty tavern where they will give us a nasty little lunch. (I. Turgenev, “On the Eve”)
21. Kuzma Kuzmich lined up on the bench under the stove and also couldn’t fall asleep right away - he muttered, smacking his lips. (A. Tolstoy, “Walking through torment”)
22. And you talk to him and look at him at the same time. (I. Turgenev, “Fathers and Sons”)
23. Ivan Ilyich, without moving, opened his eyelids just a little. (A. Tolstoy, “Walking through torment”)
24. The expression in her eyes was charming. (I. Turgenev, “Fathers and Sons”)
25. Even if you have seven spans in your forehead, you haven’t mastered science, and you will always make a mistake. (According to A. Tolstoy, “Walking through torment”)
26. And the girl is written badly. (I. Turgenev, “Fathers and Sons”)
27. I advise you, my friend, to botanize: this is the best thing you can think of. (According to I. Turgenev, “On the Eve”)
28. You seem to be a smart person: why should we pretend? (A. Tolstoy, “Walking through Torment”)
29. And good men will definitely cheat your father. (I. Turgenev, "Fathers and Sons")
30. The singer surrendered to the wave that lifted her, her face was transformed. (I. Turgenev, “On the Eve”)
31. Bring him to me, I’ll interrogate him myself. (A. Tolstoy, “Walking through Torment”)
32. Elena could no longer carelessly indulge in the feeling of her happiness. (I. Turgenev, “On the Eve”)
33. She put the lamp on the table, turned off the light, and sat down. (A. Tolstoy, “Walking through Torment”)
34. And N.P. took out the notorious brochure from the back pocket of his coat. (I. Turgenev, “Fathers and Sons”)
35. There he saw her for the first time, she seemed to him as red as spring. (A. Tolstoy, “Walking through torment”)
The exercise was prepared by D. Zhuzhleva and B. A. Panov (“League of Schools”).
Almost every person wants to write correctly. But the Russian language is very complex, and it is not always possible to understand which spelling of a given word will be correct. In this article we will once again recall the rule on pre- and pre-.
Pre- and pre-
- First, let's look at how the prefix pri- is written.
This prefix gives words the following meaning:
- Spatial proximity, contiguity. Examples would be the following words: coastal, homestead, frontline, seaside, Dnieper region.
- Addition, approximation, accession. Examples of words are: tie, fasten, drive, freeze, bring.
- Incomplete action. Examples of words: lie down, sit down, calm down, open slightly, attach.
- Bringing an action to completion, to some specific result. Examples would be the words: muffle (completely muffle), finish off, invent, find, kill.
- Performing an action in one’s own interests, enhanced manifestation of action. Examples of words: lure, take a closer look, dress up, listen, hide.
- Related action. Examples: dance, whisper.
- We continue to study the pre- and pre- prefixes. The rule about the prefix pre-.
This prefix will be written in the following cases:
- The words mean the ultimate degree of action, exceeding any boundary or highest degree of quality. Examples of words include the following: exceed, lovely, exaggerate, pretty, extol.
- When the prefix pre- has the meaning of the prefix re-. Examples of words: transgress, block.
Additional Information
This rule has an addition. Spelling in, pre- in special cases:
- The origin of the prefix is Old Slavonic. In Russian, it will correspond to a prefix that has the full vowel combination re-. Compare: barrier - partition, transgress - step over, perverted - inverted.
- Words with the prefixes pre- and come are similar in sound and different in meaning. It is necessary to distinguish in which case which prefix to write. For example, for comparison, the following words: bow a branch and bow your head, close the door and make it a reality, a coming neighbor and a passing moment.
- There are words in which the former prefixes are no longer distinguished. Examples would be the words: object, abhor, limit, device, order, primitive.
- It is often difficult to distinguish between the meanings of words: multiply (add a small amount) and multiply (multiply very much). It is necessary to distinguish this.
- In borrowed words, it is possible to write both pri- and pre-. As a rule, these elements are not considered prefixes. Examples: preamble, presidium, privilege, priority, president, prima donna.
You and I learned a very important rule in the Russian language - the spelling of the prefixes pre-, pri-.
