How to develop your logic and thinking. Secrets of brain fitness, training memory, attention, thinking, counting

In everyday life, every person has to use logical thinking every day. The use of logic and the construction of chains of relationships is required, both in career matters and during ordinary everyday activities, for example, visiting a supermarket or drawing up routes. Some cope with this easily and naturally, while others experience certain difficulties in finding answers to even the most basic logical problems, the speed and correctness of which depends primarily on how well developed a person’s logical thinking is. This article will tell you what logic is, as well as introduce you to methods and methods for developing logical thinking in an adult.

The essence of the concept of “logical thinking”

Logic is not identical to knowledge, although its area coincides with the area of ​​knowledge. Logic is the general connoisseur and judge of all particular studies. It does not set out to find evidence; it only determines whether evidence has been found or not.

Logic does not observe, does not invent, does not discover - it judges. So, logic is the science of the functions of the mind that serve to evaluate evidence; it is the doctrine both of the process of transition from known truths to unknown ones, and of all other mental actions insofar as they help this process

John Stuart Mill

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To begin with, let us examine separately the two components of the concept of logical thinking - logic and human thinking.

What is logic? Translated from Greek, logic is called “the science of true thinking” and “the ability to reason.” In the generally accepted sense, logic is the science of the methods and laws of human intellectual activity. Logic is the study of methods for achieving truth using experience and knowledge gained previously.

Thinking is considered to be a mental process during which previously received information is processed and interdisciplinary connections are established. Thanks to objectivity and correct thinking, a person has the opportunity to get an idea of ​​​​the true state of things.

Taken together, we get a definition of what human logical thinking is. This is a thought process during which logic is used and logical constructs are applied. The goal of this type of thinking is to arrive at valid, objective conclusions based on available information.

Areas and uses of logic

There is no branch of human life where the use of thinking skills using logic is required. Including the humanities, which are no exception; logical constructs are also used in their study.

Often, a person’s logical thinking manifests itself at an intuitive level, regardless of the efforts made. The use of logic makes it possible to speed up the thinking process, make it better, express your thoughts more correctly, and also draw true conclusions, avoiding false judgments.

Why you need to develop the ability to think logically:

• Express all your thoughts and arguments clearly and in an accessible form.
• Quickly find the right solution to problems, even in a critical situation
• Correct your mistakes, avoid making new mistakes
• Developing the skills to build objective connections helps you achieve success in your career or study
• A creative approach to problem solving is sometimes more productive than generally accepted standards

Many people think that logical thinking is the ability to brilliantly solve puzzles and tricky problems. However, this is not quite true. The structure of logical thinking includes many thinking skills, such as the ability to make correct conclusions, succinctly argue one’s point of view during debate, specify, generalize, analyze and systematize acquired knowledge.

Human logical thinking is divided into three points: figurative, verbal (verbal) and abstract.

1. Figurative-logical thinking. This type of thinking is based on visualization of problems and a visual search for solutions. Simply put, figurative appearance can be another name for the property of imagination.
2. Abstract logical thinking. Logical structures contain abstract models, that is, unreal objects that do not exist in nature. In order to thoroughly master this type of thinking, an individual must be able to abstract from the material.
3. Verbal and logical thinking. Manifests itself through the use of speech structures. Successful verbal thinking requires not only the construction of strict logical chains, but also competent, coherent speech.

When logical thinking begins

Only a few people think logically. Most of us are biased, prejudiced, infected with preconceptions, jealousy, suspicion, fear, pride and envy.

Dale Carnegie

A person is not born immediately with certain inclinations to successfully draw correct conclusions and build logical structures. Human logical thinking is not an innate, but an acquired property. Even the basic type of figurative thinking appears in children at 1.5 years old. The ability to think abstractly appears much later - at primary school age, at approximately 7-8 years. Logic develops gradually with the development of the personality itself. However, regular training and exercises will only give positive results in the development of logical thinking.

The main type of development of preschool children is precisely logical tasks and exercises. Since it is logical thinking that will help a child achieve success in the future by using his intellect. Development occurs in a playful way, according to the age characteristics of children. Logic lessons are included in both the kindergarten and school curriculum. However, parents should not neglect independent studies at home. After all, by developing logical thinking, you improve your child’s intellectual skills.

Is it possible for an adult to improve and improve his logical thinking? Of course, this is possible and even necessary, because in the modern world everything is subject to very rapid changes, the knowledge acquired at school and university gradually becomes outdated, and there is a need to update information. Developing the ability to build logical conclusions for an adult can be a very enjoyable process, since, as in the case of children, it can take place in a playful way. If you are an eternal student or a typical pedant, then you can draw up a detailed plan for serious exercises. However, it will be much more interesting to get together with friends and play logic games. Information obtained in this way will settle more reliably in the mind and be fixed in a person’s memory than dry memorization of rules and solving boring problems.

Ways to develop logical thinking

If you are determined to take up pumping your brain, then the first thing you need to do is eradicate your laziness and start looking for suitable methods and tasks. There are a huge number of ways to train your thinking. Let's look at some of them in more detail:

1. Board games. Couples and for a large group of friends, serious and humorous - the choice is huge, you just need to determine which type is more interesting to you. The most popular board games for developing human logical thinking include:

• Chess
• Checkers
• Backgammon
• "Monopoly" ("Big Business")
• "Erudite" ("Scrabble", "Bulda")
• Card games (“Munchkin”, “Uno”)

2. Logic problems. When searching for and selecting logical problems, use books or the Internet, which is full of various examples and thematic collections. Start with the easiest level, gradually increasing the load, moving towards the highest level of difficulty. If you don’t know the answer, don’t hesitate to peek, because knowing the source data will help you understand the solution and the construction of a logical chain. This type of task includes:

• Rebuses
• Graphic puzzles
• Word problems
• Puzzles
• Anagrams
• Puzzles
• Rubik's Cube
• Solitaire games (“Mahjong”, types of card layouts)

Example of a logical problem: Seven sisters spend their leisure time together. The first one plays chess. The second one is reading. The third one is cleaning. The fourth one is watering the flowers. The fifth one is playing with the cat. The sixth one is embroidering. What does the seventh sister do? Correct answer: The seventh sister plays chess with the first.

3. . There are many online tests based on the principle of cause and effect. Most often these are games of the “Find the odd one out” type.

4. Puzzles, crosswords, scanwords, teawords, etc.. Particularly difficult are the digital types - Japanese crosswords and Sudoku. Also, an excellent task for developing the ability to think logically would be to independently compose a crossword puzzle.

5. Mastering deductive and inductive methods.Deduction– this is logic in its purest form. In 99.99% of cases, the deductive method gives the correct answer to the problem. In everyday life, induction is more often used - reasoning based on facts that have a certain percentage of falsity. In simpler terms, inductive reasoning begins with particular conclusions and seeks confirmation in general concepts. The deductive method, on the contrary, originates from the external world, and the conclusion is already presented in the form of individual conclusions.

Example of a deductive method: Winter has come and that’s why it’s snowing outside.

An example of the inductive method: It snowed outside, therefore winter has come.

There are several useful tips that contribute to the development of a person’s logical thinking without putting in much effort:

1. Learn to write with your right hand if you are left-handed. And vice versa. This exercise helps develop the skills of the less involved hemisphere of the brain.
2. Constant change of activities. Spend exactly an hour on one type, after the time has expired, move on to another activity. Changing your job quickly will help speed up your adaptive thinking skills.
3. Read detective novels. And try to guess the culprit yourself. By doing this, you will do a great job of developing your own deduction.
4. Daily walks in the fresh air can improve not only logical, but also all other types of thinking.
5. Give an explanation for your actions. Analyze everything you do, calculate the options: what will happen if you leave the job unfinished, what the final outcome of the work looks like, etc.

Human logical thinking: why you need to develop logic

Perhaps some people believe that it is not at all necessary to develop logical thinking; you can do just fine without using logical connections. Such judgments are fundamentally wrong. After all, logical thinking and human activity are inextricably linked. Even in everyday life, you should have the skills to build objective chains. For example, in ancient times people were able to save lives thanks to logic and observations - if their fellow tribesman ate a berry and died, then it is quite logical that others should not eat these berries. Or, for the first gardeners and farmers, such skills were useful in order to know that if, for example, you plant a cherry pit, then, logically, a cherry will grow from it and nothing else.

We will not consider the benefits of constructing mental structures for managers or representatives of technical professions. Even an ordinary janitor understands that sweeping dust against the wind is absolutely illogical. Or the painter, using logical connections, will not start painting the floor from door to wall.

Therefore, a person’s logical thinking plays an important role in building a successful career; logic is the key to normalizing communication between people, the ability to defend and argue one’s opinion, as well as to realize the truth and objectivity of everything that happens.

Thinking- a tool that every person has who solves various problems in life. Thinking can be developed, its speed, depth, freedom, and meaningfulness can be changed. Also, thinking can become more interesting and positive.

Development of logical thinking

Logical thinking very useful for every person. It will facilitate the understanding of any laws in science or society. Logic is often needed in everyday life.

The brain needs constant training to maintain its mental activity, to have good thinking and memory. Regular exercise can improve your thinking skills.

Have fun with benefits

1. Start solving logic puzzles for children and adults (puzzles, find 10 differences, attention riddles).
2. Find games that develop attention and logic that you can play with friends and no matter how old you are, it will be fun and have a good time with friends.
3. Use IQ tests. There are interesting tasks that require quite a bit of logical thinking. Although there are many others besides IQ tests.

Educate yourself

For example, you can start with the mega-useful course “Money and the Millionaire Mindset.”

Development of critical thinking

Critical thinking is a step towards active, creative methods. What is critical thinking?

1. Thinking is independent, and the owner puts his own ideas, evaluates the situation, has his own beliefs independently of others.
2. Receiving information is just the beginning, and the end will be processing, that is. generating a complex thought as a conclusion. Another thought is subjected to critical reflection.
3. This kind of thinking starts with asking questions and identifying problems.
4. Critical thinking is convincing arguments, evidence, conclusion.
5. This kind of thinking helps to exchange opinions and points of view.

How to develop critical thinking?

1. Evaluate reality. Reality is a world independent of your desires. Your thinking will be most effective if you learn to understand and “translate” this reality.
2. Mass hobbies. A concept becomes popular, a large number of people accept it, that is, they create a crowd. And there can be no talk of critical thinking there, but only of consistency. Think before you join.
3. Draw parallels between observation and inference.
4. Don't judge a situation or person until you are sure of your information.
5. Don't lose your sense of humor.
6. Be curious. There are many unknown, interesting, shocking things in the world. Having curiosity indicates intelligence. A curious person looks for new ways, ways to solve problems, for example, which gives him new opportunities.
7. Do not give free rein to your emotions, because they can cloud your mind. A striking example is anger, under the influence of which you can do things that you will regret.
8. Don't overestimate your self-esteem.
9. Learn to listen to people.
10. Use your intuition, don't ignore it. Because such thoughts may come to your mind on a subconscious level. This is the result of information that was once received, which you probably no longer remember.

Tasks for the development of thinking

1) What number is hidden under the car?

2) Find the extra figure. Only 15% of people can cope with this task.

3) Where is the bus going?

1. 87, just turn the photo over.
2. The answer is -1, because it is the standard, because the rest of the figures are modifications of it, either the shape, or the color, or the frame has been changed.
3. Even though the bus is moving forward and moving on the right side, as is customary, it is moving to the left. Because the door is not visible.

Development of speed reading

Reading quickly will always allow you to read more interesting and useful books, as well as excellent will develop thinking. Sign up for our Speed ​​Reading course in 30 days. We will teach you not only to read faster, but also to think faster, understand and remember text, as these are the basic requirements for the reading process.

Verbal counting

Learn to quickly and correctly add, subtract, multiply, divide, square numbers, and even take roots. I will teach you how to use easy techniques to simplify arithmetic operations. Each lesson contains new techniques, clear examples and useful tasks.

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Knowledge of the psychology of money and how to work with it makes a person a millionaire. 80% of people take out more loans as their income increases, becoming even poorer. On the other hand, self-made millionaires will earn millions again in 3-5 years if they start from scratch. This course teaches you how to properly distribute income and reduce expenses, motivates you to study and achieve goals, teaches you how to invest money and recognize a scam.

Development of creative thinking

Creative thinking is thinking in which the owner finds unusual, improved or shorter, better solutions. Creative thinking will allow you to generate new ideas.

Creative thinking will give you the opportunity to try your hand at art. You might be able to find yourself in music or drawing, poetry or something unusual. For example, creating sculptures from scrap materials and so on.

We offer several interesting exercises for developing creative thinking:

1. Find a drama or horror film and remake it as a comedy.
2. Also try the opposite. Turn the comedy into a drama.
3. Come up with a script for the film. Take 2-3 pairs of people who have disagreements with each other and develop this plot.
4. Imagine any person or animal or object that could become a serial killer.

In this way, scripts for films and books can appear. And the process of such a game itself will be fun for you and the circle of people with whom you will try to discuss it. This exercise is more interesting to perform in the company of friends and acquaintances.

Development of thinking in children

The mental activity of a child has a special structure of cognition. When a baby is born, he begins to study everything around him, draw parallels, and look for connections between his discoveries. Gradually developing, the child begins to reason, imagine, a fantasy world appears, and speech not only appears, but also becomes more literate over time.

Anagrams

Gorbov-Schulte tables

Color matrix game

The “color matrix” game will be an excellent trainer for your thinking. A field of cells will open in front of you, each of which will be painted in one of two colors.

Your aim: determine which color is greater. The game, of course, is for a while and therefore you have to try. As the game progresses, the field will expand if the answers are correct or narrow if the answers are incorrect.

Game "Quick Count"

The game "quick count" will help you improve your thinking. The essence of the game is that in the picture presented to you, you will need to choose the answer “yes” or “no” to the question “are there 5 identical fruits?” Follow your goal, and this game will help you with this.

Game "Simplification"

The game “Simplification” is a wonderful simulator, not only for mental arithmetic, but also for logic. You will come across examples both simple and complex. But not everything is so complicated in reality, you just need to figure out how to simplify or find the answer from the proposed answers. To do this, you will have to think logically!

Game "Number Reach: Revolution"

An interesting and useful game “Numerical Reach: Revolution” that will help you improve and develop memory. The essence of the game is that the monitor will display numbers in order, one at a time, which you should remember and then reproduce. Such chains will consist of 4, 5 and even 6 digits. Time is limited. How many points can you score in this game?

Game "Memory Matrix"

"Memory Matrices" is a great game for training and developing memory. In the presented game you will need to remember the placement of the colored cells, and then reproduce them from memory. How many levels can you complete? Remember, time is limited!

Lessons in the development of thinking

A good exercise for creativity, as you finally fill out the field, you will understand how highly developed your thinking is. Below you will see a field of crosses. Your goal is to add a picture to each cross. Thinking, creativity and imagination come into play:

When you fill it out, pay attention to this picture (below), maybe you will find some drawing from the ones you just drew.

Also try a field not with crosses, but with other figures or, simply, with a different blank. These can be triangles, circles, squares, and so on. For example:

And another example:

Exercise - Architect

Imagine that you are an architect. Your goal is to design a house. It doesn’t matter whether you can draw or not, whether you can draw, it doesn’t matter. The essence is completely different and no less interesting. Place a piece of paper in front of you and write ten nouns on it. They can be absolutely anything: Orange, water, tomato, cloud, smoke, and so on... Then the fun begins. These ten words become the customer's terms and conditions. If it's orange, then you can paint the roof of the house orange. Water? Make a river behind the house. Tomato? Paint the floors in your house red. Here your imagination and thinking are unleashed. Try to make it as interesting as possible, make up words as complex as possible.

Technologies for the development of thinking

The technology for developing critical thinking is presented in three stages:

1. Challenge. A gap is sought in previously acquired knowledge or experience, which is now the goal of elimination. That is, a goal is set to close this knowledge gap.

2. Understanding. A person who has a serious goal of developing critical thinking must realize that it is necessary to keep a diary and draw tables in order to determine the level of understanding of a certain topic or information.

3. Reflection. At the stage of reflection, a person forms his attitude towards the text, information, book, picture. This attitude is often written down or discussed with someone. This method will help not only in developing critical thinking, but also in developing communication skills.

Development of thinking in children 4-5 years old

There are good exercises for children to help them develop and train their thinking. These are the simplest exercises that will surely help them think and apply thinking to answer the question. If the child finds it difficult, just push him.

Examples of exercises to develop thinking

Exercise 1. The child’s goal is to find the extra word. Below are rows of 4 words, and one of them is extra and your child must determine which one. Ask him the question “why did he choose this word?”

Birch, pine, linden, apple tree.
Bed, table, chest of drawers, spoon.
Oak, chamomile, rose, tulip.
Fork, spoon, chair, knife.
Candy, soup, halva, jam.
Skirt, hat, dress, slippers.
Apple, beets, pears, grapes.

Exercise 2. You come up with a word for the child, and he answers what this person needs from things. It may not be a person at all, but an animal or a bird, and the child names their elements. For example:

Sparrow - branches, grains, puddle.
Doctor - gown, mask, syringe.
Janitor - broom, bucket, rake.
Small baby - rattle, diaper, pacifier.
Dog - booth, bone, leash.
Seller - cash register, goods, calculator.
Bee - flowers, nectar, hive.
Artist - paints, brushes, canvas.
Mother - ...?
And you will learn a lot of interesting things about your status :)

Exercise 3. Name the components of certain items and objects. The task is very difficult. During the exercise, the child’s vocabulary will be replenished, since not all words are known to him yet, and you will help him with this. So:

Car - wheels, body, headlights, steering wheel (let the child name as many elements as possible) ship - ...
airplane - ...
train - ...
bike - ...
trolleybus - ...
table - ...
armchair - ...
book - ...
computer - ...
guitar - ...
piano - ...
drum - ...
house - ...
fence - ...
flower - ...
tree - ...
mushroom - ...
bug - ...
butterfly - ...
dog - ...
Human - ...
apple - ...
watermelon - ...

Development of thinking in children 6-7 years old

Exercise 1: Which vehicle is the odd one out of the four?

Exercise 2: Logical problem. Petya is stronger than Misha, but weaker than Kolya. Which of the guys is the weakest?

Exercise 3: There are three buckets: green, yellow, blue. Grandfather, grandmother and grandson carried water in different buckets (each with its own color). Grandfather's was neither green nor blue. Grandmother's is neither green nor yellow. What was the grandson's?

It would also be helpful to teach your child how to play chess. This game perfectly develops the sense of thinking, logic, mental calculation and many other senses.

For the game “chess” a lot of problems are constantly being written and invented. For example: checkmate in 1 move or checkmate in 2 moves, this can also happen in 4. The problems are very interesting, and being able to solve them means having good thinking.

Development of thinking in children 8-9 years old

The older the child gets, the more difficult the tasks should be for him. Below are exercises that will help your child tense up, think, reflect and give reasons for his answer:

Exercise 1: What can be common and what is the difference between the following pairs of words?

1. table chair
2. Bird, plane
3. Heaven, earth
4. Day Night
5. Slide, hole
6. skis, skates
7. Tree, bush

Let them explain their position.

Exercise 2: How can you seat 6 children on 2 sofas? How to seat 3 sofas? The answer should be given in numbers, and all possible answer options should be used.

Exercise 3: The child is called a series of words, and the child’s goal is to combine the words into one concept:

1. perch, crucian carp, pike (fish)
2. elephant, giraffe, ant (animals)
3. autumn, summer, winter (seasons)
4. shovel, rake, broom (tools)
5. cheese, sour cream, butter (dairy products)
6. hand, ears, legs (body parts)

Properties of thinking

There are several properties of thinking, which we discussed below:

Speed ​​of thinking

Each person has his own speed of thinking, and therefore each person copes with a task differently. There are techniques for increasing your thinking speed:

1. Do facial exercises, that is. normal warming up of the facial muscles.
2. Stop being lethargic, sleepy and with an expressionless face. The more alive you and your facial expressions, the more alive your thinking!
3. Increase the speed of internal reasoning and thoughts. This will help speed up your thinking.
4. Try to massage your head regularly. Massage stimulates the blood vessels in the brain, which improves their functioning, and at this moment great thoughts may come to your mind.
5. Speed ​​reading training. By perceiving text faster, you not only improve your reading speed, but also your thinking speed. Indeed, if you read faster and remember what you read, then your thoughts also speed up.

Meaningful thinking

The most common type of thinking is internal chatter - this is negative thinking, it “seems to fill” the spiritual emptiness, it is an illusion. Such thinking is a problem, an obstacle to concentration on any task. To keep your thinking clear, you need to perform actions with full understanding of them. It is also advisable to write down thoughts, draw, tell stories to friends, acquaintances, and relatives.

Take Notes and Drawings Get into the habit of expressing your thoughts in writing or drawings. Some people, when explaining or telling something, not only speak, but also draw, that is, they give you a picture and clarify the situation.

Tell your thoughts It will be useful to express your thoughts to others who will be really interested in it. Telling this to someone will help you get feedback. Another plus is that the more you tell your thoughts, the more clear they will be for you (if there were any points that were not clear).

DiscussDiscussing thoughts is an effective thing. One head it's good, but two better. The main thing is that the discussion does not turn into a quarrel. If you suddenly do not agree with your interlocutor’s thesis, then make up your own, but do not start a heated argument, but have a calm conversation.

Watch your speech Thinking and speech are closely related to each other. Therefore, in order to contribute to the development of thinking, it is worth constructing your speech correctly. Advice: exclude the words “problems”, “horror”, “difficult”, include “interesting”, “goal”.

Why are speech and thinking closely related? Thinking is fleeting and difficult to remember, but speech is a different story. Speech is memorable and easier to follow. Do you want to improve your thinking? Pay attention to your speech.

Pay attention to other people's speech It is easier to monitor someone else's speech than your own. Because someone else’s speech is something new and all the shortcomings and failures in logic can be heard in it. Studying the mistakes of other people's speech will help you find mistakes in your own speech.

Improve your skills in working with texts Text analysis can be compared to listening to someone else's speech. In both cases, you look for mistakes, roughness and take notes. Improved thinking depends on word processing skills.

Depth and freedom of thinking

People use their thinking in different ways and with varying degrees of freedom. It all depends on the position of perception. Depth and freedom of thinking can be represented in the form of several criteria:

1. Template thinking, as a rule, this is the view of an egoist: “Forgot - it means he doesn’t respect”, “Didn’t kiss - it means he doesn’t love” and so on.
2. My interests: Does this concern me and my plans? “I was cooking dinner, but he didn’t distract me - oh well. If I wanted to kiss, then that’s exactly what I wanted, which means I’ll kiss when he comes.”
3. Interests of loved ones: "He was in such a hurry that he even forgot to kiss me. I love him :)"
4. Objectivity: “The world is a stream of neutral events, nothing serious happened, it was just in a hurry.”
5. Systemic view: He ran to work, takes care of us! My love!
6. Angel Position: My husband works for people, and this is very important. I'm proud of him!

Efficiency of thinking

To create more effective thinking, you need to master meaningful thinking, and then master areas for increasing the efficiency of thinking:

1. Move from your worries to specifics.
2. Replace negative thinking with positive thinking.
3. Find the bridge from right thinking to productive thinking.

Thinking control

Control of thinking is primarily related to the development of thinking and higher functions of human psychology, the development of will and attention.

It happens that useless and unnecessary thoughts are spinning in your head that you want to discard. Don't bother trying to eradicate them, but try:

1. Think positively and constructively
2. Do something so that your thoughts are involved in this activity.
3. Start remembering funny moments, positive stories and pleasant things that will create a good atmosphere.

Courses for the development and training of thinking

In addition to games, we have interesting courses that will perfectly pump up your brain and improve memory, thinking, and concentration:

Money and the Millionaire Mindset

Why are there problems with money? In this course we will answer this question in detail, look deep into the problem, and consider our relationship with money from psychological, economic and emotional points of view. From the course you will learn what you need to do to solve all your financial problems, start saving money and invest it in the future.

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The course includes 30 lessons with useful tips and exercises for children's development. Each lesson contains useful advice, several interesting exercises, an assignment for the lesson and an additional bonus at the end: an educational mini-game from our partner. Course duration: 30 days. The course is useful not only for children, but also for their parents.

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As soon as you sign up for this course, you will begin a powerful 30-day training in the development of super-memory and brain pumping.

Within 30 days after subscribing, you will receive interesting exercises and educational games in your email that you can apply in your life.

We will learn to remember everything that may be needed in work or personal life: learn to remember texts, sequences of words, numbers, images, events that happened during the day, week, month, and even road maps.

Speed ​​reading in 30 days

Would you like to quickly read books, articles, newsletters, etc. that interest you? If your answer is “yes,” then our course will help you develop speed reading and synchronize both hemispheres of the brain.

With synchronized, joint work of both hemispheres, the brain begins to work many times faster, which opens up much more possibilities. Attention, concentration, speed of perception intensifies many times over! Using the speed reading techniques from our course, you can kill two birds with one stone:

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We speed up mental arithmetic, NOT mental arithmetic

Secret and popular techniques and life hacks, suitable even for a child. From the course you will not only learn dozens of techniques for simplified and quick multiplication, addition, multiplication, division, and calculating percentages, but you will also practice them in special tasks and educational games! Mental arithmetic also requires a lot of attention and concentration, which are actively trained when solving interesting problems.

Bottom line

In this article, we analyzed the features of thinking, learned how to develop thinking, what browser and board games and exercises help develop thinking.

Instructions

The comparison method involves identifying common, similar characteristics of objects and their differences. In order for a child to see different properties, he needs to be taught to analyze an object from all sides, to compare one object with another. If you select objects for such comparison in advance, you can teach him to see in them those properties that were previously inaccessible to his mental gaze.

The next step is to teach how to identify common and distinctive features of the objects of study. You need to start by identifying the distinctive features and only then move on to generalization. First two items are used, and then several.

After this, you need to learn to identify the essential and non-essential features of an object. In visual material, the essential should be immediately visible. For example, two flowers may differ from each other and from other parts of the plant, but all flowers have one thing - to bear fruit - this is the most significant sign of a flower.

Generalization and classification are some of the most difficult thinking techniques to master. Classification is the division of all objects into certain classes based on their most significant characteristics. To learn to attribute an object to a specific class, a child needs generalizing ones. They learn them in the process of communicating with adults and children, in the process of learning. The teacher’s task is to provide him with such categories. The process of developing the ability to classify in several stages. First, the child collects objects into a group, but does not know what to call it. Then he tries to give them , but chooses the name of one of the grouped objects, or an action that can be done with these objects. He then defines a generic concept for this group. And finally, distributes items into classes.

After mastering comparison, generalization and classification, the child systematizes knowledge. To do this, you need to learn to find patterns in the arrangement of objects, objects that have a common feature. To help the child develop this skill, you need to offer a task in which you need to add another one to some already ordered objects. First, these should be visual signs. Here the child must himself find the sign by which objects are ordered. Next, you need to offer a task to organize objects that are located in random order. This task is more complex and is aimed at developing the ability to operate with invisible, that is, abstract features. This task is given orally and the child solves it only in his head.

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Helpful advice

It is very important that the child learns to justify his opinion, even if it is wrong. And then prove it true or false.

Every person in childhood was tormented with problems about how he had three apples, two were taken away, how many were left, and the poor schoolchild could not understand where he had the apples and on what basis someone took them for themselves. Abstract thinking is very useful in life, especially if you have chosen a technical specialty, but it needs to be developed, since tasks become more difficult with age.

Instructions

The child begins to develop abstract thinking as early as the age of 19, when he tells his parents that the cloud is a dinosaur. The task of parents is to support the child’s fantasies. A construction crane is, and let him count how many giraffes he sees. The chair is a hippopotamus, and the stapler is a crocodile. In this way, you will not only develop your child’s abstract thinking, but also save on toys. Come up with ideas by making heroes from available materials. For example, a handbag with its contents is perfect for this. A mirror can become a lake, a crumpled one can become a snow-white bird, a coin can become a kolobok, or a hedgehog.

Play this game with your child: draw a random squiggle on a piece of paper, and let the child figure out what it is like. Perhaps he will see the ears of a hare, or a burning house, or the curls of a princess.

Together with your child, imagine the life of a random passerby. Where does he work, where is he in a hurry, who is waiting for him at home. Develop your story by observing other people passing by. Perhaps they are friends of your main character, or, conversely, he will have to fight with them.

One of my favorite games is shadow theater. Make a shape that casts a shadow on the wall and have your child guess what it looks like. You can find the finger placement for building some animals on the Internet. But you can come up with your own! Invite your child to make a dog, a soaring bird, a giraffe, a house.

Invite your child to find common features of objects that, at first glance, have nothing in common. For example, it could be an apple - round and yellow, a lawn and a hedgehog - the grass on the lawn looks like the thorns of a hedgehog. This will teach the child to focus on a specific subject and work only with the qualities he needs.

Just as developed abstract thinking helps to solve mathematical problems, so solving problems helps to develop abstract thinking. So let your child imagine that he has three apples.

Sources:

• development of abstract thinking

In preschool and primary school age, it is important for a child to be able to form imaginative thinking. It is this that will become a prerequisite for verbal and logical thinking. In the process of visual-figurative thinking, visual images are compared, as a result of which the child is able to solve one or another problem.

Instructions

Already at preschool age, a child acquires the ability to imagine an object without holding it in his hands. This indicates the child’s transition to visual-figurative thinking. To better develop it, various kinds of games with counting sticks and matches help. Tasks can be such as making two identical triangles from five counting sticks. The most difficult tasks are those where you need to rearrange one match to form a certain shape. It is usually quite difficult for children to cope with such exercises. However, some guys quickly grasp the essence of the task and solve it within a couple of minutes.

The next category of tasks for the development of visual-figurative thinking is the continuation of drawings. Some form is depicted on a sheet of paper. The child is given the task to continue the drawing. Another variation of this task is to complete the drawing of thematic elements. Let's say a child is presented with a picture of a dining table. There is a plate and a cup on it. Next, the child is asked to draw the missing accessories for the table. This task not only speaks about the development of the child’s thinking, but also about his level of cultural development.

One of the tasks for the development of imaginative thinking is to compose a story based on a picture. The child learns to analyze what is shown in the picture. Tries to think out, independently guess what is happening to the character. Usually children are given a story to tell about a particular time of year. This task was often used when admitting children to first grade. This was how their level of development was determined.

The task “Eliminate the unnecessary” is also popular. The child needs to choose among the objects the one that does not have any common characteristics with the others. Initially, the task may seem quite easy, but in fact, many children have difficulty comparing objects. When completing the task, ask your child to answer the question why he excluded this particular subject. It is possible that the child saw some other logical connection between the other objects. This task does not have a correct answer, since each child can find some common characteristic for objects. If your child does not go to kindergarten and does not study separately with a teacher-psychologist, then you should independently conduct similar games with him in order to develop visual-figurative thinking.

According to B. Elkonin’s age periodization, junior school age is usually understood as children aged 7 to 11 years. This age is characterized by abundant development of higher mental functions. The most important thing in one’s development is thinking. According to statistics, after children graduate from preschool, parents’ attention to the formation of creative thinking in their children decreases sharply.

Various clubs and sections help promote children's abilities. However, this is not the only way out of the situation. The family plays a huge role in children's development. Joint activities between children and parents not only motivate the child’s cognitive interest, but also strengthen emotional ties.

There are many options for the development of creative thinking: visual activity, design, modeling, reproduction of experiments. Creativity can be expressed in various types of activities. This could be preparing a family breakfast, creating a photo collage, sewing an unusual costume, or decorating the lawns of personal plots.

It must be remembered that creative thinking is one of the powerful factors in personal development and determines a person’s willingness to change and abandon stereotypes imposed by society.

Sources:

• "Psychology of Creativity", E.P. Ilyin, 2000.

Development of thinking is an exercise in which we change the course of our thoughts about the same object or phenomenon. For example, when it's a hot summer day outside, you can think about it in completely different ways. The first, as mentioned earlier, is simply a statement of fact: “It’s a hot summer day outside.” Or: “Great weather.” Or: “Unbearable heat.” Or: “Perfect weather for going to the beach!” There are many ways to talk about a hot summer day, and each of them carries its own emotional connotation, and therefore determines our attitude to the weather outside the window and determines further behavior. The same is true with any event happening around us.

This is where the biggest problem arises - we always think in the same way to which we are accustomed and do not even think about the possibility of looking at a familiar phenomenon from a different angle.

It turns out to be a very interesting situation. Thousands of people live with each other, communicate, but at the same time, everyone considers their way of thinking to be the most correct and the only possible one. At the same time, almost no one even thinks about the fact that you can think differently.

That's why it lies development of thinking It is precisely to learn to think differently, to make your thinking more flexible.

It’s very simple to start developing thinking - take some problem that has been bothering you for a long time, but you cannot find a solution to it. Think about it differently, then change your perspective again, and then again and again. Eventually, you will find the path that can solve your problem.

In general, the very occurrence of a problem is usually associated with incorrect thinking, an incorrect approach to solving it.

Ways to develop thinking

1. Remember childhood tasks where you need to find a way out of a maze. If you go the wrong way, you will hit a dead end, and you can only get to the exit by returning to one of the forks. Thinking should be developed in the same way.

2. Take a closer look at how other people think (speak or write). Try to think about how each of them, maybe one of these ways will appeal to you.

3. You can also study various ways of thinking described in literature - fiction and psychological.

4. Try to put together the ways of thinking that you have learned about and, based on them, create your own way of thinking; most likely, it will be closest to you.

But most importantly, do not settle on any of the ways of thinking you find, since each of them is suitable for successfully solving only certain situations.

The point of developing thinking is not to find an ideal way of thinking, but to make your thinking more plastic, as diverse as possible, because the more ways of thinking you have, the more problems that arise in front of you, you will be ready .

It is believed that rich people and poor people, happy and unhappy people think completely differently, learn to think differently, develop your thinking and, most likely, you will find the way of thinking that will help you become successful and happy.

Hello friends. Yuri Okunev is with you.

Do you have a good imagination? Can you, for example, write a story right away like this? Or write a poem? Were you good at solving equations at school? Today we’ll talk about how to develop abstract thinking. Let's look at what this type of thinking is and how it is formed.

From childhood we are taught to think, analyze, and draw conclusions. It is believed that it is the ability to think and make logical conclusions that distinguishes a person from any other creature living on Earth. What is thinking?

On Wikipedia we find the following answer:

This is already more clear. This means that we are dealing with a mental process responsible for understanding the world.
How do we understand the world? There are two ways:

1. Through sensory awareness aimed at the external signs of objects - color, size, shape. The instruments are the senses - smell, touch, vision, hearing.
2. Through objective awareness - through one’s own conclusions, by penetrating into the essence of things.

In the second case, it makes sense to talk about the development of thinking abilities.

Imagination is the basis of thinking

The leading role here is given to the imagination. Let's look at Wikipedia again:

In simple terms, imagination is our fantasy. Thanks to him, we can imagine a fly the size of an elephant; rap dancing elephant; a rapper the size of a fly. We can move into the past, replay events that have already happened, or safely travel into the future in our thoughts, inventing a new reality.

Three stages of development

From birth to adulthood, a person goes through three stages of thinking development:

• Effective;
• Figurative;
• Boolean.

It can be represented like this:

Thus, it can be argued that the presence of abstract thinking is a sign of mature intelligence.

Three shapes

There are three known forms of abstract thinking: concept, judgment and inference.
What are these forms?

When we say: “autumn”, “rain”, “street”, we are dealing with concepts. If we say: “It’s raining outside” or “It’s always cold when it rains”, this will be a judgment. And finally, a statement like: “It’s cold outside” can be called an inference, since it draws a general conclusion from the two previous statements.

Why do we need this?

In fact, abstract thinking is formed in early childhood and is constantly present in our lives. Little children love to fantasize and come up with all sorts of tall tales. It turns out that they develop abstract (or figurative) thinking, learn to abstract (move away) from the object itself and perform operations with its properties.

Later, when the child grows up and goes to school, this skill will be useful to him to master mathematical skills. For example, solve the problem: “Vasya has 6 candies in his pocket. He gave two of them to Petya. How much is left?".

Where else is abstract thinking used? Anywhere:

• In philosophy;
• In the art of writing when creating images and plot lines;
• In engineering – modeling of new processes;
• In management psychology.

Almost in any area of ​​our activity.
The pearl, the highest point in the development of abstract thinking, is intuition.

So, we found out that in order to achieve good results in increasing intelligence and to be a successful person, you need to devote enough time to the development of abstract thinking. How can it be developed?

Methods for adults

In adults, thinking is usually already formed. With age, it becomes more and more difficult to perceive new knowledge and new material - thinking loses its flexibility. The following exercises are designed to help you cope with this process. Develop your creativity and open-mindedness.

Exercises for children

Every child is naturally inquisitive. This means that a child’s thinking develops much faster than that of an adult. It is important to help the child move from actions with specific objects to more abstract concepts, to broaden his horizons. Developed imaginative thinking is the key to successful schooling.

1. Together with your children, come up with strange, unusual names and titles. Find an interesting picture on the Internet and try to find at least 3 catchy names for it.
2. Do dramatizations. Create costumes for the characters using available materials. Play shadow theater.
3. Solve anagrams, puzzles, puzzles. Come up with unrealistic phrases: “low skyscraper”, “round house”, “ringing silence” and so on.
4. Take a blank landscape sheet and spill some ink or gouache paint on it. The result will be a blot. Together with your child, turn this shapeless spot into a drawing. For example, in a smiling face.

Summarize

Developed abstract thinking allows you to solve many problems much easier and faster (especially tasks of rearranging furniture :)). Instead of looking for your own solution in each specific case, you can use general conclusions and ready-made templates for solutions. This expresses creativity and efficiency of thinking. Therefore, don’t be lazy and set aside time for studying, at least a couple of minutes a day.

You can find even more exercises for developing thinking in the online service for developing intelligence B rainapps. The game form of tasks allows you to very quickly improve the intelligence of both adults and children. Convenient statistics and an attractive interface make classes even more fun.

That's all.
I hope you liked the article. Write in the comments what role imaginative thinking plays in your life, share the information with your friends on social networks.

See you again! Yours, Yuri Okunev.