Names of military formations of the armed forces of the Russian Federation. The Russian Army is a long path to perfection

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are reliable protection of borders and a guarantor of the protection of the rights and freedoms of its citizens. It is clear that the political and economic sphere plays a significant role in the state, but only a combat-ready army can maintain peace in the state. History shows that only troops can prevent an aggressor from attacking another country.

The regular army of Russia is one of the leaders in the world in terms of the number of military personnel. In all world rankings of the world's armies, Russia ranks second, losing only to the US Army. The size of the Russian army is determined and regulated by presidential decrees. According to the constitution, the President of the Russian Federation is at the same time the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. According to official statistics (summer 2017), the size of the Russian army reaches 1,885,313 people, although the figure is floating, as demobilizations and conscriptions constantly occur. In case of war, Russia can field 62 million men liable for military service.

Combat potential and annual budget of the Russian Army

Since Russia has the status of a nuclear state, it has huge reserves of nuclear weapons, which serve as a guarantor of protection against any external aggression. All stages of the manufacture of nuclear weapons, as well as the receipt of raw materials and their delivery, take place on the territory of the Russian Federation. In addition, the nuclear weapons production cycle on the territory of the Russian Federation is closed.

The armament of the Russian army is updated every year; over the past five years, the process of replacing outdated weapons and equipment has gone much faster. Due to the fact that the Russian military-industrial complex today is one of the largest in the world, it provides almost one hundred percent of the army’s needs for weapons, equipment and various types of ammunition. The arsenal of weapons produced is extremely wide - from pistol cartridges to nuclear missiles.

The country's military-industrial complex not only fully meets the needs of the army, but is also the world's largest exporter of weapons and military equipment in the world. Every year, Russian-made equipment and weapons are sold for 10-20 billion dollars.

Although the official date of the creation of the Russian armed forces is May 7, 1992, it is not news to anyone that the modern regular army is not only the heir of the USSR Armed Forces, but also the successor of the glorious traditions of the Russian imperial army, whose age goes back hundreds of years.

Unlike the Soviet army, the regular army of modern Russia is formed not only by conscription, but also on a contract basis. State policy is aimed at increasing the number of contract soldiers who are professional warriors with experience. In 2017, the entire junior command staff of the Russian army consists of one hundred percent professionals.

The annual budget in 2015 was about 5.4% of the total GDP of the Russian Federation. At that time it was about 3.3 trillion rubles.

History of modern Russian armed forces

The history of the modern Russian army began on July 14, 1990. It was on this date that the first military department of Russia was formed. Although it was called the State Committee of the RSFSR to ensure interaction with the Ministry of Defense and the KGB, it was on its basis (after the putsch in August) that the Ministry of Defense of the RSFSR was formed.

After the collapse of the USSR, by decree of the first Russian President Boris Yeltsin, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation were created. This decree is dated May 7, 1992. Before this, the United Armed Forces of the CIS were created, but they did not last long.

Initially, the Russian army included all military units that were located on the territory of the Russian Federation. The total strength of the army at that time was about 2.8 million people. Although it seems that the army at that time was a formidable force, all the equipment and weapons were outdated.

Development of the Russian army in the period from 1992 to 2006

The 90s were difficult not only for the army, but for the entire country. Since funding almost completely stopped, officers began to leave the army en masse. Army property was massively sold and stolen. Most of the factories working for the military industry were forced to close due to lack of orders. All development of new weapons and military equipment was curtailed. The old equipment stood motionless, as all fuels and lubricants were stolen.

Already at this stage, plans emerged for the complete transfer of the Russian army to a contract basis, but problems with financing froze these plans for an indefinite period. Military service until 1993 was 2 years, after which it was reduced to 18 months. This relaxation lasted only 3 years, and after the start of the first Chechen campaign, the period of service in the Russian army increased to 2 years (in 1996).

The beginning of the first Chechen campaign in 1995 showed the complete unpreparedness of the Russian army to conduct full-scale hostilities. Not only did the troops have supply problems, but management was also uncoordinated. After this, the contract system in the army began to develop rapidly.

Already during the second Chechen campaign, the share of contract soldiers in combat units fighting on the territory of Chechnya reached 35 percent. Due to large losses among conscripts, in addition to contract soldiers, airborne units took part in the battles.

Division of all formations and units of the Russian Armed Forces into categories

Back in the early 90s, it was decided to divide all army units and units into several parts:

1. Units of constant readiness, which must quickly begin to carry out military tasks that arise suddenly;
2. Reduced strength units;
3. All bases where military equipment and other weapons are stored;
4. All cropped units.

With the onset of the 2000s, military reform to transfer the army to a contract basis was continued. It was decided to staff all permanent readiness units with contract soldiers, and the remaining units with conscript soldiers. The first regiment that was fully staffed with contract soldiers was the Pskov regiment of the airborne division.

2005 marked the beginning of the reform of military management in the Russian army. According to the doctrine of this reform, all armed forces of the Russian Federation were to be subordinate to three territorial commands. Defense Minister Serdyukov, who was appointed to the post of minister in 2007, actively advocated the introduction of territorial division.

Military reform of 2008

In 2008, the armed forces of the Russian Federation entered into an armed conflict in South Ossetia. This military operation showed a catastrophic situation in the army. The main problem turned out to be the insufficient mobility of military units and the lack of coordinated actions between different parts of the army.

After the end of this military campaign, it was decided:

1. Urgently simplify the system of command and control of military units;
2. Reduce the number of military districts from 6 to 4;
3. Gradually increase funding for the army, thereby ensuring the renewal of the military equipment fleet.

Many of the plans were achieved:

1. Military service has become a prestigious profession;
2. The flow of funding made it possible to ensure the supply of new military equipment;
3. The increase in pay made it possible to attract a large number of professional contract soldiers into military service;
4. The involvement of professionals in the command staff made it possible to significantly raise the level of training of all military divisions and regiments.

At the same time, it was decided to reorganize all divisions and regiments. The new units were called brigades, which existed until 2013. 2013 showed that military reform did not go as desired. Many points were revised again, and the brigades again began to be reorganized into divisions and regiments.

Structural division of the armed forces of the Russian Federation

According to the constitution, military service is the duty and responsibility of every citizen of the Russian Federation. The leadership of the armed forces (according to the same constitution) is entrusted to the Supreme Commander-in-Chief, who is the President of the Russian Federation. He is the head of the Security Council, which develops military doctrine and regulates the composition of the command of the Russian army.

Military conscription is controlled by the president, who signs a decree every year on the beginning and end of military conscription periods. All important documents relating to the areas of military cooperation, defense and state security are also signed by the President of Russia.

The management of the armed forces is entrusted to the Ministry of Defense, whose task is:

1. Maintain troops in constant readiness;
2. Development of the defense capability of the army through the purchase of the latest equipment and weapons;
3. Solving various social issues related to the life of military personnel (housing construction and so on);
4. Carrying out all kinds of events related to cooperation in the military sphere.

The current Minister of Defense is Sergei Shoigu, who was appointed to this position in 2012.

In addition to the Ministry of Defense, the General Staff participates in the management of the army. His task is the operational command of the armed forces of the Russian Federation. General Valery Gerasimov was appointed Chief of the General Staff.

The General Staff is engaged in planning the use of all law enforcement agencies of Russia. In addition, his task includes the mobilization and operational training of troops.

Troops within the armed forces of the Russian Federation

The composition of the troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation contains the following types of troops:

1. Ground forces, which are the most numerous;
2. Naval troops (or forces);
3. Military Space Forces (formerly Air Force).

The composition of the Armed Forces will be incomplete if it does not include such types of troops as:

1. VDV (airborne troops);
2. Strategic missile forces;
3. Special troops (they also include the famous GRU special reconnaissance units).

Each type of troops must carry out its tasks and flexibly interact with other branches of the military when carrying out combat missions.

Ground forces, their structure, tasks and strength

The ground forces are the most numerous among all types of troops of the Russian Federation. All ground military operations, the seizure of enemy territory and its clearing are their competence.

The ground forces include:

1. The entire military-industrial complex, which provides weapons and military equipment to the Russian army;
2. Motorized rifle troops, which are the most mobile type, capable of rapid response;
3. Tank troops;
4. Artillery troops (they also include missile troops);
5. Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces;
6. Special troops.

Since the basis of any world army is the ground forces (in some small countries this is the only branch of the military), Russia is no exception in this matter. Troops of this type have a rich history in Russia.

On October 1, military personnel of the ground forces celebrate their professional holiday. The history of this holiday dates back to the time of Tsar Ivan the Terrible. It was he who created the first regular army in Russia on October 1, 1550, and service in the army from that moment became the main occupation of servicemen.

The total number of ground forces in 2017 was 270 thousand people. The ground forces consist of 8 divisions, 147 brigades and 4 military bases. Since 2014, the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces of the Russian Federation has been Oleg Leonidovich Salyukov.

All tasks and goals of the ground forces are divided into several categories:

1. In peacetime, the main task of the ground forces is to maintain combat effectiveness and combat training of personnel. The troops are obliged to create the necessary reserves of weapons and military equipment that may be needed in the event of war. Also, ground forces must be in constant readiness for deployment;
2. During a threatening period, military service is intense. The main tasks of the Ground Forces at this time are increasing numbers, preparing equipment for possible military conflicts, preparing personnel to conduct combat operations in exercises;
3. During war, the main task of the Ground Forces is mobile deployment and repelling enemy attacks, as well as its complete defeat.

In 2017, the Ground Forces received a large amount of new military equipment. The trend towards updating the military equipment fleet is set for 2018.

Navy troops

The Russian Navy was founded in 1696 by a resolution of the Boyar Duma. The main role in this was played by Peter 1, who sought to turn Russia into a maritime power. October 30 is considered the founding day of the Navy. This holiday is celebrated annually.

The main task of the modern navy is to conduct various combat operations on the seas and oceans. In addition, the navy is capable of solving the following tasks:

1. Deliver strikes on various enemy targets, and the strikes can be both conventional and nuclear;
2. Engage in amphibious landings;
3. Carry out naval blockades of enemy ports;
4. Protect Russia's economic interests.

In addition, the navy can conduct various search and rescue operations.

The Russian Navy has a huge arsenal of modern weapons that can be used not only to strike close targets, but also capable of striking targets located hundreds of kilometers away from the fleet.

Like other types of troops, the Navy is capable of responding in the shortest possible time to changes in the military situation in the country and in a short time going into a state of full combat readiness to launch strikes.

In 2017, the Russian Navy purchased several new ships; in 2018, according to the naval modernization program, several more new ships will be put into operation. In total, by 2020 it is planned to purchase 40 new minesweepers.

In addition to surface forces, the navy includes:

1. Submarine Force;
2. All naval aviation;
3. Coastal troops;
4. Special forces (marines).

The Russian submarine fleet is one of the most modern forces of its kind in the world. He is capable of carrying out covert strikes against the enemy. In addition, missile submarines carry ballistic nuclear missiles on board. Since the location of nuclear missile carriers is strictly classified, they are a powerful deterrent for a possible aggressor. In the event of hostilities, the submarine fleet is capable of delivering sudden nuclear strikes of enormous force.

Russian Military Space Forces

The Russian Military Space Forces were formed in 2015, being the youngest type of troops in the entire Russian army. The creation of the Aerospace Forces took place on the basis of the Russian Air Force. In 2017, the Russian Aerospace Forces managed to overcome all the problems associated with the reorganization and began to update the aircraft fleet. For the period from 2018 to 2020, purchases of airplanes and helicopters will take place within the framework of the state program. In 2018, the long-awaited fifth-generation fighter, the SU-57, should enter service with the Aerospace Forces.

The VKS includes the following types of aviation:

1. Army Aviation;
2. Frontline aviation;
3. Military transport aviation;
4. Long-range aviation.

Air defense troops (except for the Air Defense Troops, which are part of the ground forces) and missile defense are also part of the Aerospace Forces.

Rocket Forces and Airborne Troops

The Strategic Missile Forces are the pride of the Russian army. It is in these troops that most of the country's nuclear potential is concentrated. The Strategic Missile Forces guarantee that any nuclear strike from a possible rival will not go unanswered. The main weapons of this type of troops are intercontinental nuclear missiles, capable of wiping out an entire country from the face of the earth.

Airborne troops are the dream of many young men who were called to the military registration and enlistment office for urgent conscription. Few people manage to fulfill their dream, since serving in the Airborne Forces requires ideal health and psychological stability. These criteria were created for a reason, because paratroopers have to operate behind enemy lines, without relying on support from other types of troops.

The Airborne Forces include not only airborne divisions, but also air assault divisions. Since the combat missions of paratroopers are extremely difficult, their training and training are particularly difficult.

Armament of the Russian army

Although funding for the Russian army has increased significantly in recent years, most military equipment is a legacy of the USSR era. Although this technology is of sufficient quality, progress does not stand still. The armies of the United States, NATO and even China have long overtaken Russia in the number of the latest models of military equipment that are in service in the army.

Recent years have been marked by the arrival of new types of military equipment into the Russian army. We can say that the renewal of the military equipment fleet is slowly but surely happening. Many Russian models of aircraft and tanks not only correspond to their foreign counterparts, but also surpass them in many ways.

The main problem that prevents modernization from being carried out quickly is insufficient funding. Although the share of GDP allocated to the defense industry by Russia is 5.3 percent, which is much more than what is allocated by the budgets of China and the United States, in dollar terms the amount is much lower (if compared with the United States, it is 9 times less).

Despite the difficult economic situation in the country, the state allocates a significant amount every year for the purchase of new military equipment.

One of the latest news that pleased the summer of 2017 was that the Russian defense industry has advanced so much in the field of high technology that it no longer needs foreign purchases of electronics. The new Russian army of 2017–2018 will depend only on supplies from domestic defense enterprises.

Military service in the army

Although since 1992 there has been talk about a complete transfer of the army to a contract basis, the question of how many serve in the army by conscription is still relevant. It is worth noting that the current period of military service is one year, which is the minimum period in the entire history of the Russian army.

Conscripts are summoned to a commission where they undergo a thorough medical examination. Based on the results of the examination, future soldiers receive fitness categories in accordance with their state of health.

Despite the fact that the Russian army went through a difficult period in the 90s and 2000s, now the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are able to repel any aggressor, since increased funding makes it possible to gradually update the fleet of military equipment.

The Federation, unofficially called the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, whose number in 2017 is 1,903,000 people, is supposed to repel aggression directed against the Russian Federation, protect its territorial integrity and the inviolability of all its territories, and carry out tasks consistent with international treaties.

Start

Created in May 1992 from the Armed Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the RF Armed Forces at that time had a much larger number. It consisted of 2,880,000 people and had the largest stockpiles of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruction in the world, as well as a well-developed system in the means of delivering them. Now the RF Armed Forces regulate the number in accordance with the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.

There are currently 1,013,000 military personnel in the Armed Forces since the last published presidential decree came into force in March 2017. The total strength of the RF Armed Forces is indicated above. Military service in Russia is carried out both by conscription and by contract, and in recent years it has prevailed. Upon conscription, young people go to serve in the army for one year, their minimum age is eighteen years. For Russian military personnel, the maximum age is sixty-five years. Cadets at special military schools may be slightly younger than eighteen years of age at the time of enrollment.

How does picking happen?

The army, air force and navy accept officers into their ranks for service solely and exclusively on a contract basis. This entire corps is trained in relevant higher educational institutions, where upon graduation cadets are awarded the rank of lieutenant. During the period of study, second-year students enter into their first contract for five years, thus, service begins within the walls of a military educational institution. Citizens who are in the reserve and have an officer rank often replenish the number of personnel of the RF Armed Forces. They can also enter into a contract for military service. Including those graduates who studied at military departments of civilian universities and were assigned to the reserves after graduation, also have the right to conclude a contract with the Armed Forces.

This also applies to military training faculties and its cycles at military training centers. Junior command and rank and file personnel can be recruited both by contract and by conscription, to which absolutely all male citizens from eighteen to twenty-seven years of age are subject. They serve for conscription for one year (calendar), and the conscription campaign is carried out twice a year - from April to July and from October to December, in spring and autumn. Six months after the start of service, any serviceman of the RF Armed Forces can submit a report on concluding a contract, the first contract is for three years. However, after forty years, this right is lost, since forty is the age limit.

Compound

Women are extremely rare in the RF Armed Forces; the vast majority are men. Among almost two million there are less than fifty thousand, and only three thousand of them have officer positions (there are even twenty-eight colonels).

Thirty-five thousand women are in sergeant and soldier positions, and eleven thousand of them are warrant officers. Only one and a half percent of women (that is, approximately forty-five people) occupy primary command positions, while the rest serve on headquarters. Now about the important thing - the security of our country in case of war. First of all, it is necessary to distinguish between three types of mobilization reserve.

Mobilization

The current mobilization reserve, which shows the number of conscripts in the current year, as well as the organized one, where the number of those who have previously served and were transferred to the reserve is added, and the potential mobilization reserve, that is, the number of people who can be counted on in the event of war when mobilized into the army. Here the statistics reveal a rather alarming fact. In 2009, there were thirty-one million people in the potential mobilization reserve. Let's compare: in the USA there are fifty-six of them, and in China - two hundred and eight million.

In 2010, the reserve (organized reserve) amounted to twenty million people. Demographers calculated the composition of the Russian Armed Forces and the current mobilization reserve; the numbers turned out to be bad. Eighteen-year-old men will almost disappear in our country by 2050: their number will decrease fourfold and amount to only 328 thousand people from all territories. That is, the potential mobilization reserve in 2050 will be only fourteen million, which is 55% less than in 2009.

Headcount

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consists of private and junior command personnel (sergeants major and sergeants), officers who serve in the troops, in local, district, central government bodies in various positions (they are provided for by the staff of the units), in military commissariats, in commandant's offices, in representative offices abroad. This also includes all cadets who study at educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense and military training centers.

In 2011, the entire structure of the strength of the RF Armed Forces did not exceed one million people; this was the result of a long-term and powerful reduction from 2,880,000 people in the Armed Forces in 1992 to one million. That is, more than sixty-three percent of the army disappeared. Already by 2008, slightly less than half of all personnel were midshipmen, warrant officers and officers. Next came the military reform, during which the positions of midshipmen and warrant officers were almost eliminated, and with them more than one hundred and seventy thousand officer positions. Fortunately, the president responded. The cuts stopped, and the number of officers returned to two hundred and twenty thousand people. The number of generals of the RF Armed Forces (army generals) is now sixty-four people.

What do the numbers say?

We will compare the size and composition of the Armed Forces in 2017 and 2014. Currently, the military command and control bodies in the apparatus of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Armed Forces comprise 10,500 military personnel. The General Staff has 11,300. The ground forces have 450,000 people, the air force has 280,000. The navy has 185,000, the strategic missile forces have 120,000, and the aerospace defense forces have 165,000 people. make up 45,000 fighters.

In 2014, the total strength of the RF Armed Forces was 845,000, of which ground forces were 250,000, Navy - 130,000, Airborne Forces - 35,000, Strategic Nuclear Forces - 80,000, Air Force - 150,000, and - attention! - command (plus service) was 200,000 people. More than all the air force personnel! However, the figures for 2017 indicate that the size of the RF Armed Forces is growing slightly. (And still now the main part of the army is men, 92.9% of them, and there are only 44,921 female military personnel.)

Charter

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, like the military organization of any other country, has general military regulations, which are a set of main rules, through which, in the process of studying, military personnel form a general idea of ​​how to protect the country’s own rights and interests from external, internal and any other threats. In addition, studying this set of rules helps to master military service.

The Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is the most important part when undergoing initial training for service; with its help, a soldier or sailor becomes familiar with the basic terms and concepts. There are four types of regulations in total, and each must be carefully studied by absolutely every military personnel. From there, general duties and rights, features of the routine, and rules of interaction become known.

Types of statutes

The disciplinary charter reveals the essence of military discipline and dictates the responsibilities for observing it, talks about various types of penalties and rewards. This is how it differs from the Internal Service Charter. It defines the prescribed measures of responsibility for certain violations of the statutory rules. The Charter of the Guard and Garrison Service of the RF Armed Forces contains the designation of the goals, order of organization and performance of guard and garrison service. It also contains the rights and obligations of all military officials and persons performing official duties.

The drill regulations determine the order of movement with and without weapons, drill techniques, types of formation of units with equipment and on foot. After carefully studying the regulations, each serviceman is obliged to understand the essence of military discipline, understand ranks, be able to allocate time, bear the responsibilities of a duty officer and orderly in a company, perform the tasks of a guard, a sentry, and many others.

Command

RF Armed Forces - President V.V. Putin. If aggression is undertaken against Russia or an immediate threat arises, it is he who will have to introduce martial law on the territory of the country or in certain areas in order to create all the conditions for preventing or repelling aggression. At the same time or immediately, the President reports this to the Federation Council and the State Duma in order to approve this decree.

The use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation outside the country is possible only after receiving the appropriate resolution of the Federation Council. When there is peace in Russia, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief leads the overall leadership of the Armed Forces, and during war he oversees the defense of Russia and repelling aggression. Also, it is the president who forms the Security Council of the Russian Federation and heads it; he also approves, appoints and dismisses the high command of the RF Armed Forces. His department houses and approves the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, as well as the concept and plan for the construction of the Armed Forces, the mobilization plan, civil defense and much more.

Ministry of Defense

The Ministry of Defense of the RF Armed Forces is the governing body of the RF Armed Forces, its tasks are to develop and implement state policy in terms of the country's defense, legal regulation and defense standards. The Ministry organizes the use of the armed forces in accordance with federal constitutional laws and international treaties, it maintains the necessary readiness, carries out measures for the construction of the armed forces, and ensures social protection of military personnel, as well as members of their families.

The Ministry of Defense takes part in the development and implementation of state policy in the field of international cooperation. Under his department are military commissariats, command and control bodies of the RF Armed Forces in military districts, as well as many other military command and control bodies, including territorial ones. It is headed by someone appointed and dismissed by the President of the Russian Federation. A board works under his leadership, which includes deputy ministers, heads of services, and commanders-in-chief of all branches of the RF Armed Forces.

RF Armed Forces

The General Staff is the central body of military command and control of the Armed Forces. Here the coordination of the activities of the border troops and the FSB of the Russian Federation, the National Guard, railway, civil defense and all others, including the foreign intelligence service, is carried out. The General Staff includes main directorates, directorates and many other structures.

The main tasks of the Ministry of Defense of the RF Armed Forces are strategic planning for the use of the Armed Forces, troops and other formations and military bodies, taking into account the military administrative division of the Russian Federation, carrying out mobilization and operational work to prepare the Armed Forces, transferring the Armed Forces to the composition and organization of wartime. The General Staff organizes the strategic and mobilization deployment of the armed forces and other troops, formations and bodies, coordinates the activities of military registration activities, organizes intelligence activities for defense and security, plans and organizes communications, as well as topographic and geodetic support of the Armed Forces.

The time has come for both me and you to understand the concept of the Russian Armed Forces. What are the types and types of troops? What do the Russian Armed Forces consist of? And what subtleties exist in these concepts?

We'll talk about this in this article.Let's start, of course, with definitions of basic concepts: types and types of troops. Believe me, there will be a lot of interesting things here.

Types of the Armed Forces- formations in the armed forces of a particular state.

• Ground forces.
• Naval forces.
• Air Force.

In general, everything is simple. The branches of the Armed Forces are divided into subtypes, depending on their environment - land, water or air. Okay, let's move on.

Branch of the Armed Forces- an integral part of the branch of the Armed Forces. They can also be separate (more on these later). Includes units and formations, associations that have weapons and military equipment unique to them, apply their own tactics, have their characteristic combat properties and are intended to perform tactical and operational-tactical tasks in combat and operations.

An interesting fact that will help us understand the difference between the branches of the Armed Forces and the branches of the military.

Previously, the “branch of the military” was called the “branch of the weapon.” In total there were 3 types of troops:

• Infantry.
• Cavalry.
• Artillery.

Time passed. Science did not stand still. And now we can name a larger number of military branches, because now there are not just 3 “branches of weapons” either, but dozens of them.

So. If we summarize all of the above, we can say that branches of troops are components of the branches of the Armed Forces. However, do not forget that there are also certain types of troops that are not subordinate to any branches of the Russian Armed Forces.

These are the Special Purpose Missile Forces (RVSN) and the Airborne Forces (Airborne Forces). We will analyze them at the end of the article.

I depicted all types and branches of the Russian Armed Forces in the form of a diagram. You remember that I love to visualize, right? I love and I can - different things, of course. In general, I got the following.

Now let's talk about each separately. What, why and when is used. Let's go in order.

Ground forces

The Ground Forces are the largest branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in terms of combat strength. They are designed to defeat enemy troop groups, seize and hold enemy territories, regions and borders, and repel enemy invasions and large airborne assaults.

The ground forces include the following types of troops:

Motorized rifle troops - the most numerous branch of the military, forming the basis of the Ground Forces and the core of their combat formations. Together with tank forces, they perform the following main tasks:

In defense - to hold occupied areas, lines and positions, repel enemy attacks and defeat his advancing groups;
in an offensive (counter-offensive) - to break through the enemy’s defenses, defeat groupings of his troops, capture important areas, lines and objects, cross water barriers, pursue the retreating enemy;
conduct oncoming battles and battles, operate as part of naval and tactical airborne assault forces.

The basis of motorized rifle troops are motorized rifle brigades, which have high combat independence, versatility and firepower. They are capable of conducting combat operations in conditions of the use of both conventional means of armed warfare and weapons of mass destruction in various physical, geographical and climatic conditions, day and night.

- branch of the military and the main striking force of the Ground Forces. They are used primarily in conjunction with motorized rifle troops in the main directions and perform the following main tasks:

In defense - in direct support of motorized rifle troops in repelling enemy attacks and launching counterattacks and counterstrikes;

In the offensive - to deliver powerful cutting strikes to great depths, develop success, defeat the enemy in oncoming battles and battles.

The basis of the tank forces are tank brigades and tank battalions of motorized rifle brigades, which have great resistance to the damaging effects of nuclear weapons, firepower, high mobility and maneuverability. They are able to make fullest use of the results of fire (nuclear) destruction of the enemy and in a short time achieve the final goals of the battle and operation.

(RV and A) - a branch of the Ground Forces, which is the main means of fire and nuclear destruction of the enemy during combined arms operations (combat operations). They are designed to perform the following main tasks:

• gaining and maintaining fire superiority over the enemy;
• defeat of its nuclear attack means, manpower, weapons, military and special equipment;
• disorganization of systems for command and control of troops and weapons, reconnaissance and electronic warfare;
• and others...

Organizationally, RV and A consist of missile, rocket, artillery brigades, including mixed, high-power artillery divisions, rocket artillery regiments, individual reconnaissance divisions, as well as artillery of combined arms brigades and military bases.

(air defense SV) - a branch of the Ground Forces, designed to cover troops and objects from the actions of enemy air attacks when combined arms formations and formations conduct operations (combat operations), perform regroupings (march) and are positioned on the spot. They are responsible for the following main tasks:

• carrying out combat duty in air defense;
• conducting reconnaissance of enemy air and alerting covered troops;
• destruction of enemy air attack weapons in flight;
• participation in the conduct of missile defense in theaters of military operations.

Organizationally, the Air Defense Forces of the Army consist of military command and control bodies, air defense command posts, anti-aircraft missile (missile and artillery) and radio technical formations, military units and subunits. They are capable of destroying enemy air attack weapons in the entire range of altitudes (extremely low - up to 200 m, low - from 200 to 1000 m, medium - from 1000 to 4000 m, high - from 4000 to 12000 m and in the stratosphere - more than 12000 m) and flight speeds.

Intelligence units and military units belong to the special troops of the Ground Forces and are designed to perform a wide range of tasks in order to provide commanders (commanders) and headquarters with information about the enemy, the state of the terrain and weather in order to make the most rational decisions for an operation (battle) and prevent surprise in enemy actions.

In the interests of the Ground Forces, reconnaissance is carried out by regular reconnaissance units of combined arms formations (motorized rifle and tank brigades), special forces formations and units, radio and electronic reconnaissance of army and district units, as well as reconnaissance units and units of military branches and special forces of the Ground Forces.

In preparation for and during the conduct of combined arms operations (combat operations), they perform the following main tasks:

• revealing the enemy's plan, his immediate preparation for aggression and preventing the surprise of an attack;
• identifying the combat strength, position, grouping, condition and capabilities of the enemy troops (forces) and its command and control system;
• opening objects (targets) for destruction and determining their location (coordinates);
• and others...

– special troops designed to perform the most complex tasks of engineering support for combined arms operations (combat operations), requiring special training of personnel and the use of engineering weapons, as well as to inflict losses on the enemy through the use of engineered ammunition.

Organizationally, engineering troops consist of formations, units and subunits for various purposes: engineering and reconnaissance, engineering and sapper, barriers, obstacles, assault, road engineering, pontoon-bridge (pontoon), ferry landing, engineering and camouflage, engineering and technical, field water supply and others.

When preparing and conducting combined arms operations (combat operations), engineering troops perform the following main tasks:

• engineering reconnaissance of the enemy, terrain and objects;
• construction (arrangement) of fortifications (trenches, trenches and communication passages, shelters, dugouts, shelters, etc.) and arrangement of field structures for the deployment of troops (residential, economic, medical);
• installation of engineering barriers, including the installation of minefields, blasting operations, installation of non-explosive barriers (anti-tank ditches, scarps, counter-scarps, gouges, etc.);
• demining of terrain and objects;
• preparation and maintenance of troop movement routes;
• equipment and maintenance of crossings on water barriers, including the construction of bridges;
• extraction and purification of water in the field and others.

In addition, they participate in countering enemy reconnaissance and weapon guidance systems (camouflage), simulating troops and objects, providing disinformation and demonstrative actions to deceive the enemy, as well as in eliminating the consequences of the enemy’s use of weapons of mass destruction.

Radiation, chemical and biological defense troops (RKhBZ) - special troops designed to carry out a set of the most complex measures aimed at reducing losses of formations and formations of the Ground Forces and ensuring the fulfillment of their combat missions when operating in conditions of radioactive, chemical and biological contamination, as well as increasing their survivability and protection from precision and other types of weapons.

The basis of the RCBZ troops are multifunctional separate RCBZ brigades, which include units capable of carrying out the entire range of RCB protection measures.

The main tasks of the RCBZ troops include:

• identification and assessment of the radiation, chemical and biological situation, the scale and consequences of destruction of radiation, chemical and biologically hazardous objects;
• ensuring the protection of compounds and parts from the damaging factors of weapons of mass destruction and radiation, chemical, biological contamination;
• reducing the visibility of troops and objects;
• liquidation of consequences of accidents (destructions) at radiation, chemically and biologically hazardous facilities;
• inflicting losses on the enemy using flamethrower and incendiary weapons.

– special troops designed to deploy a communications system and provide command and control of formations, formations and units of the Ground Forces in peacetime and wartime. They are also tasked with operating systems and automation equipment at control points.

Communications troops include central and linear formations and units, units and units of technical support for communications and automated control systems, communications security services, courier-postal communications and others.

Modern communications troops are equipped with mobile, highly reliable radio relay, tropospheric, space stations, high-frequency telephony equipment, voice-frequency telegraphy, television and photographic equipment, switching equipment and special message classification equipment.

Aerospace Forces

Aerospace Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (VKS RF Armed Forces) - view The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, which began to carry out its tasks on August 1, 2015 in accordance with the decree of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin.

The Aerospace Forces of the Russian Armed Forces are a new branch of the Armed Forces, formed as a result of the merger of the Air Force (Air Force) and the Aerospace Defense Forces (VVKO) of the Russian Federation.

The general leadership of the aerospace defense of Russia is carried out by the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, and the direct leadership is carried out by the Main Command of the Aerospace Forces of the Russian Federation.

The Aerospace Forces of the Russian Armed Forces include:

The Russian Federation (Russian Air Force) is a branch of the forces within the Aerospace Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Russian Armed Forces).

The Russian Air Force is intended for:

• repelling aggression in the air sphere and protecting command posts of the highest echelons of state and military administration, administrative and political centers, industrial and economic regions, the most important economic and infrastructure facilities of the country and troop groups from air strikes;
• defeating enemy targets and troops using both conventional and nuclear weapons;
• aviation support for combat operations of troops of other types and branches of troops.

solve a wide range of problems, the main of which are:
monitoring space objects and identifying threats to Russia in and from space, and, if necessary, countering such threats;
launching spacecraft into orbit, controlling military and dual-purpose (military and civil) satellite systems in flight and using individual of them in the interests of providing the troops (forces) of the Russian Federation with the necessary information;
maintaining the established composition and readiness for use of military and dual-use satellite systems, means of launching and controlling them, and a number of other tasks.

Let's move on to consider the final type of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Navy

The Navy (Navy) is view Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RF Armed Forces). It is intended for the armed defense of Russian interests and for conducting combat operations in the sea and ocean theaters of war.

The Navy is capable of delivering nuclear strikes on enemy ground targets, destroying enemy fleet groups at sea and bases, disrupting the enemy’s ocean and sea communications and protecting its maritime transportation, assisting the Ground Forces in operations in continental theaters of war, landing amphibious assault forces, and participating in repelling landing forces. enemy and perform other tasks.

The Navy includes:

are the main ones for ensuring the exit and deployment of submarines to combat areas and returning to bases, transporting and covering landing forces. They are assigned the main role in laying minefields, combating mine danger and protecting their communications.

- a branch of the Navy, including nuclear-powered strategic missile submarines, nuclear attack submarines and diesel-electric (non-nuclear) submarines.

The main tasks of the submarine force are:

• defeating important enemy ground targets;
• search and destruction of enemy submarines, aircraft carriers and other surface ships, its landing forces, convoys, single transports (ships) at sea;
• reconnaissance, ensuring the guidance of their strike forces and issuing target designations to them;
• destruction of offshore oil and gas complexes, landing of special-purpose reconnaissance groups (detachments) on the enemy coast;
• laying mines and others.

Organizationally, submarine forces consist of separate formations that are subordinate to commanders of submarine formations and commanders of formations of heterogeneous fleet forces.

- branch of the Navy forces intended for:

• search and destruction of combat forces of the enemy fleet, landing detachments, convoys and single ships (vessels) at sea and at bases;
• covering groupings of ships and naval facilities from enemy air strikes;
• destruction of airplanes, helicopters and cruise missiles;
• conducting aerial reconnaissance;
• targeting enemy naval forces with their strike forces and issuing target designations to them.

Also involved in mine laying, mine countermeasures, electronic warfare (EW), airlift and landing, search and rescue operations at sea.

The basis of naval aviation consists of aircraft (helicopters) for various purposes. Performs assigned tasks independently and in cooperation with other branches of the fleet, as well as with formations (units) of other branches of the Armed Forces.

(BV) - a branch of the forces of the Navy, designed to cover the forces of fleets, troops, population and objects on the sea coast from the influence of enemy surface ships; defense of naval bases and other important fleet facilities from land, including from sea and airborne assaults; landings and actions in sea, air and sea landings; assistance to ground forces in the anti-landing defense of amphibious assault areas of the sea coast; destruction of surface ships, boats and landing vehicles within the reach of weapons.

Coastal troops include 2 types of troops: coastal missile and artillery troops and marine infantry.

Each branch of the military solves certain target tasks independently and in cooperation with other branches of the military forces and naval forces, as well as with formations and units of other branches of the Armed Forces and branches of the military.

The main organizational units of the military units are brigades and battalions (divisions).

BVs are equipped primarily with weapons and equipment of the combined arms type. They are armed with coastal missile systems (CBM) of anti-ship guided missiles, stationary and mobile artillery installations designed to destroy sea and ground targets, special (marine) reconnaissance equipment, etc.

Certain types of troops

(RVSN) is a separate branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, a ground component of the strategic nuclear forces. Troops constant combat readiness(We’ll talk about what this actually means in another article on my blog).

The Strategic Missile Forces are designed for nuclear deterrence of possible aggression and destruction as part of strategic nuclear forces or by independent massive or group nuclear missile strikes of strategic targets located in one or several strategic directions and forming the basis of the enemy’s military and military-economic potentials.

The main armament of the Strategic Missile Forces consists of all Russian ground-based mobile and silo-based intercontinental ballistic missiles with nuclear warheads.

(VDV) - a branch of the Armed Forces, which is a reserve of the Supreme High Command and is intended to cover the enemy by air and carry out tasks in his rear to disrupt troop control, capture and destroy ground elements of high-precision weapons, disrupt the advance and deployment of reserves, disrupt the work of the rear and communications , as well as for covering (defense) of individual directions, areas, open flanks, blocking and destroying landed airborne troops, broken through enemy groups and performing other tasks.

In peacetime, the Airborne Forces perform the main tasks of maintaining combat and mobilization readiness at a level that ensures their successful use for their intended purpose.

To be honest, it was only after reading these materials that I understood why the Strategic Missile Forces and Airborne Forces were separated into separate branches of the military. Just look at the quantity and quality of the tasks they perform every day! Both genera are truly unique and universal. However, like everyone else.

Let's summarize the analysis of these fundamental concepts for any citizen of our country.

Resume

1. There is the concept of “branch of the Armed Forces”, and there is the concept of “branch of the armed forces”. These are completely different concepts.
2. A branch of the armed forces is a component of the branch of the Armed Forces. But there are also 2 separate types of troops - the Strategic Missile Forces and the Airborne Forces.
3. Each branch of the military has its own tasks in peacetime and wartime.

The main result for me. I figured out this whole structure. Especially after I drew my diagram. I hope she is correct. Let me throw it here one more time so that we can remember it well together.

Bottom line

Friends, I sincerely hope that you were able to, together with me, if not completely, then partially understand the concepts of “types and types of troops” - the components of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

I would like to note that despite the fact that I was able to understand many of the nuances in this topic, I have not yet been able to understand which branch of the military I belong to.

We'll have to talk to the officers! I promise to post this information on

The Russian Armed Forces have a three-service structure, which better meets today's requirements and makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of combat use, seriously simplify the interaction of different types of Armed Forces and reduce the cost of the command and control system.

Currently, the Armed Forces structurally include three type

• Ground Forces,
• Air Force,
• Navy;

  three type of troops

and also

• troops not included in the branches of the Armed Forces,

• Rear of the Armed Forces,
• organizations and military units for the construction and quartering of troops.

Structure of the Ground Forces

Ground forces As a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, they are intended to conduct combat operations primarily on land. According to their combat capabilities, they are capable, in cooperation with other branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, to conduct an offensive in order to defeat the enemy group and seize its territory, deliver fire strikes to great depths, repel the invasion of the enemy, his large airborne assault forces, firmly hold occupied territories, areas and frontiers.

The leadership of the Ground Forces is entrusted to Main Command of the Ground Forces.

The Main Command of the Ground Forces is a control body that combines full responsibility for the state of the branch of the Armed Forces, its construction, development, training and use.

The Main Command of the Ground Forces is entrusted with the following tasks:

• preparing troops for combat operations, based on the tasks determined by the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
• improving the structure and composition, optimizing the number, incl. combat arms and special forces;
• development of military theory and practice;
• development and implementation of combat manuals, manuals, and methodological aids in troop training;
• improving the operational and combat training of the Ground Forces together with other branches of the Russian Armed Forces.

The Ground Forces include:

• types of troops - motorized rifle, tank, missile troops and artillery, military air defense, army aviation;
• special troops (formations and units - reconnaissance, communications, electronic warfare, engineering, radiation, chemical and biological protection, technical support, automotive and rear security);
• military units and logistics institutions.

Currently, the Ground Forces organizationally consist of

• military districts (Moscow, Leningrad, North Caucasus, Volga-Ural, Siberian and Far Eastern),
• armies,
• army corps,
• motorized rifle (tank), artillery and machine gun-artillery divisions,
• fortified areas,
• brigades,
• individual military units,
• military institutions,
• enterprises and organizations.

Motorized rifle troops- the most numerous branch of the military, forming the basis of the Ground Forces and the core of their combat formations. They are equipped with powerful weapons to destroy ground and air targets, missile systems, tanks, artillery and mortars, anti-tank guided missiles, anti-aircraft missile systems and installations, and effective reconnaissance and control equipment.

Tank troops- the main striking force of the Ground Forces and a powerful means of armed warfare, designed to solve the most important tasks in various types of combat operations.

Rocket Forces and Artillery- the main firepower and the most important operational means in solving combat missions to defeat enemy groups.

Military air defense is one of the main means of destroying enemy air. It consists of anti-aircraft missile, anti-aircraft artillery and radio engineering units and subunits.

Army aviation designed for action directly in the interests of combined arms formations, their air support, tactical air reconnaissance, tactical airborne landings and fire support for their actions, electronic warfare, laying minefields and other tasks.

The successful implementation by combined arms formations of the tasks facing them is ensured by special troops (engineering, radiation, chemical and biological protection) and services (weapons, logistics).

In order to harmonize the efforts of the world community in matters of maintaining peace (implementation of paragraph 6 of the UN Charter “Observation Mission”), the Ground Forces are entrusted with the task of implementing peacekeeping functions. We provide assistance to other states in military development, organizing the operation and maintenance of weapons and military equipment purchased from Russia, and training specialists in various fields in educational institutions of the Ground Forces.

Currently, units and units of the Ground Forces are serving in peacekeeping duties in Sierra Leone, Kosovo, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Transnistria.

Air Force (AF)– branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. They are designed to conduct reconnaissance of enemy groups; ensuring the acquisition of dominance (containment) in the air; protection from air strikes of important military-economic regions (objects) of the country and troop groups; air attack warnings; defeating targets that form the basis of the enemy’s military and military-economic potential; air support for ground and naval forces; airborne landings; transportation of troops and materiel by air.

Air Force Structure

The Air Force includes the following types of troops:

• aviation (types of aviation - bomber, attack, fighter aircraft, air defense, reconnaissance, transport and special),
• anti-aircraft missile forces,
• radio technical troops,
• special troops,
• units and institutions of the rear.

Bomber aircraft It is armed with long-range (strategic) and front-line (tactical) bombers of various types. It is designed to defeat troop groups, destroy important military, energy facilities and communications centers primarily in the strategic and operational depths of enemy defenses. The bomber can carry bombs of various calibers, both conventional and nuclear, as well as air-to-surface guided missiles.

Attack aircraft Designed for air support of troops, destruction of manpower and objects primarily at the front line, in the tactical and immediate operational depth of the enemy, as well as combating enemy aircraft in the air.

One of the main requirements for an attack aircraft is high accuracy in hitting ground targets. Weapons: large-caliber guns, bombs, rockets.

Air defense fighter aircraft is the main maneuverable force of the air defense system and is designed to cover the most important directions and objects from enemy air attack. It is capable of destroying the enemy at maximum ranges from defended objects.

Air defense aviation is armed with air defense fighter aircraft, combat helicopters, special and transport aircraft and helicopters.

Reconnaissance aircraft designed for conducting aerial reconnaissance of the enemy, terrain and weather, and can destroy hidden enemy objects.

Reconnaissance flights can also be carried out by bomber, fighter-bomber, attack and fighter aircraft. For this purpose, they are specially equipped with day and night photography equipment at various scales, high-resolution radio and radar stations, heat direction finders, sound recording and television equipment, and magnetometers.

Reconnaissance aviation is divided into tactical, operational and strategic reconnaissance aviation.

Transport aviation designed for the transportation of troops, military equipment, weapons, ammunition, fuel, food, airborne landings, evacuation of the wounded, sick, etc.

Special aviation designed for long-range radar detection and guidance, refueling aircraft in the air, electronic warfare, radiation, chemical and biological protection, control and communications, meteorological and technical support, rescue of crews in distress, evacuation of the wounded and sick.

Anti-aircraft missile forces designed to protect the country's most important facilities and troop groups from enemy air strikes.

They constitute the main firepower of the air defense system and are armed with anti-aircraft missile systems and anti-aircraft missile systems for various purposes, possessing great firepower and high accuracy in destroying enemy air attack weapons.

Radio technical troops- the main source of information about the air enemy and are intended for conducting radar reconnaissance, monitoring the flights of their aircraft and compliance by aircraft of all departments with the rules for the use of airspace.

They provide information about the beginning of an air attack, combat information for anti-aircraft missile forces and air defense aviation, as well as information for controlling formations, units and air defense units.

The radio technical troops are armed with radar stations and radar systems capable of detecting not only airborne but also surface targets at any time of the year and day, regardless of meteorological conditions and interference.

Communication units and subdivisions designed for deployment and operation of communication systems in order to ensure command and control of troops in all types of combat activities.

Electronic warfare units and units designed to interfere with airborne radars, bomb sights, communications and radio navigation of enemy air attack systems.

Units and subdivisions of communications and radio engineering support designed to provide control of aviation units and subunits, aircraft navigation, takeoff and landing of aircraft and helicopters.

Units and subunits of the engineering troops, as well as units and subunits of radiation, chemical and biological protection, are designed to perform the most complex tasks of engineering and chemical support, respectively.

Navy is a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It is intended for the armed defense of Russian interests and for conducting combat operations in the sea and ocean theaters of war. The Navy is capable of delivering nuclear strikes on enemy ground targets, destroying enemy fleet groups at sea and bases, disrupting the enemy’s ocean and sea communications and protecting its maritime transport, assisting ground forces in operations in continental theaters of war, landing amphibious assault forces, and participating in repelling landing forces. enemy and perform other tasks.

Structure of the Navy

The Navy is a powerful factor in the country's defense capability. It is divided into strategic nuclear forces and general purpose forces. Strategic nuclear forces have great nuclear missile power, high mobility and the ability to operate for a long time in various areas of the World Ocean.

The Navy consists of the following branches of the force:

• underwater,
• surface
• naval aviation, marines and coastal defense forces.

It also includes ships and vessels, special purpose units,

rear units and units.

Submarine forces- a striking force of the fleet, capable of controlling the expanses of the World Ocean, secretly and quickly deploying in the right directions and delivering unexpected powerful strikes from the depths of the ocean against sea and continental targets. Depending on the main armament, submarines are divided into missile and torpedo submarines, and according to the type of power plant into nuclear and diesel-electric.

The main striking force of the Navy is nuclear submarines armed with ballistic and cruise missiles with nuclear warheads. These ships are constantly in various areas of the World Ocean, ready for the immediate use of their strategic weapons.

Nuclear-powered submarines armed with ship-to-ship cruise missiles are aimed primarily at combating large enemy surface ships.

Nuclear torpedo submarines are used to disrupt enemy underwater and surface communications and in the defense system against underwater threats, as well as to escort missile submarines and surface ships.

The use of diesel submarines (missile and torpedo submarines) is mainly associated with solving typical tasks for them in limited areas of the sea.

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Purpose and composition of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

The Russian Armed Forces are a state military organization that forms the basis of the country's defense.

They are intended to repel aggression against the state, armed protection of the integrity and inviolability of the territory of the Russian Federation and its allies, as well as to fulfill the tasks of the state in accordance with international treaties to carry out peacekeeping activities, both independently and as part of international organizations.

The changed foreign policy situation in recent years and new priorities for ensuring national security have set tasks for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation that can be structured in four main areas:

Contain military and military-political threats to the security or interests of the Russian Federation;

Ensuring the economic and political interests of Russia;

Carrying out peacetime power operations;

The use of military force to ensure the security of the Russian Federation.

The peculiarities of the development of the military-political situation in the world determine the possibility of the implementation of one task developing into another, since the most problematic military-political situations from the point of view of the security of the Russian Federation are complex and multifaceted in nature.

Today, one of the priority tasks in the development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation remains the preservation of the potential of the strategic deterrent forces. The main goal of the Russian Federation’s policy in this area is to prevent any type of forceful pressure and aggression against Russia or its allies, and in the event of its unleashing, the guaranteed protection of its sovereignty, territorial integrity and other vital national interests of the state. This policy of the Russian Federation in the field of strategic deterrence is the core of the country’s entire national security system and is based on the Constitution of the Russian Federation and current Russian legislation.

In accordance with the basic provisions of the Russian military doctrine, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation can also be used to counter internal sources of military threats and to provide assistance to the country's population in eliminating the consequences of accidents, catastrophes and natural disasters.

The leadership of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is exercised by the President of the Russian Federation - the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are controlled by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of central military command bodies, associations, formations, military units and organizations that are included in the branches and branches of the Armed Forces, in the rear of the Armed Forces and special troops that do not belong to the branches and branches of the armed forces (see diagram)

The branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is their component, distinguished by special weapons and intended to carry out the tasks assigned to them. The branches of the Armed Forces include: Ground Forces, Air Force (Air Force),. Navy (Navy).

The branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include: Space Forces, Strategic Missile Forces, Airborne Forces. A branch of the armed forces is understood as a part of a branch of the Armed Forces, distinguished by its main weapons, technical equipment, organizational structure, nature of training and the ability to perform specific combat missions in interaction with other branches of the military.

Structure of the armed forces of the Russian Federation

Special troops serve to support types and branches of troops and assist them in carrying out combat missions. These include: engineering troops, chemical troops, radio engineering troops, communications troops, automobile troops, road troops and a number of others.

A military district is a territorial combined arms association of military units, formations, educational institutions, military institutions of various types and branches of the Armed Forces. A military district, as a rule, covers the territory of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The Navy is the highest operational formation of the Navy. District and fleet commanders direct their troops (forces) through the headquarters subordinate to them.

Associations are military formations that include several smaller formations or associations, as well as units and institutions. Associations include the army, flotilla, as well as a military district - a territorial combined arms association and a fleet - a naval association.

Formations are military formations consisting of several units or formations of smaller composition, usually various branches of troops (forces), special troops (services), as well as support and service units (units). Formations include corps, divisions, brigades and other military formations equivalent to them.

A military unit is an organizationally independent combat and administrative-economic unit in all branches and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Military units include all regiments, ships of ranks 1, 2 and 3, individual battalions (divisions, squadrons), as well as individual companies that are not part of battalions and regiments. Regiments, individual battalions, divisions and squadrons are awarded the Battle Banner, and Navy ships are awarded the Naval Flag.

The institutions of the Ministry of Defense include such structures supporting the life of the Armed Forces, such as military medical institutions, Officers' Houses, military museums, editorial offices of military publications, sanatoriums, rest homes, tourist centers, etc.

Military educational institutions include military academies, military universities, military institutes and their branches, Suvorov schools, Nakhimov Naval School, Moscow Military Music School and cadet corps.

Part of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation may be part of the joint Armed Forces or be under a unified command in accordance with international treaties of the Russian Federation (for example, as part of the UN peacekeeping forces or collective CIS peacekeeping forces in zones of local military conflicts).

Types and branches of the Russian Armed Forces

Ground forces are the largest branch of the Armed Forces and form the basis of troop groupings in strategic directions. They are intended to ensure national security and protect our country from external aggression on land, as well as to protect Russia’s national interests within the framework of its international obligations to ensure collective security.

The Ground Forces are also the most ancient branch of the Russian Armed Forces. They trace their history back to the princely squads of Kievan Rus. Currently, the Ground Forces include motorized rifle, tank, missile troops and artillery, air defense troops and other troops.

Motorized rifle troops are the largest branch of the military, forming the basis of the Ground Forces, the core of their combat formations. They are equipped with powerful weapons to destroy ground and air targets, missile systems, tanks, artillery and mortars, anti-tank guided missiles, anti-aircraft missile systems and installations, and effective reconnaissance and control equipment.

Tank troops constitute the main striking force of the Ground Forces, a powerful means of armed warfare designed to solve the most important tasks in various types of military operations.

Rocket troops and artillery are the main firepower and the most important operational means of the Ground Forces in solving combat missions to defeat enemy groups.

Air defense troops are one of the main means of destroying the enemy in the air.

The Ground Forces also include formations and units of special forces, military units and logistics institutions. Air Force (VVS)

The most mobile and maneuverable branch of the Armed Forces, designed to ensure the security and protection of Russia's interests at the country's air borders, striking at the enemy's air, land and sea groups, its administrative, political and military-economic centers.

Organizationally, the Air Force consists of aviation associations, formations and units. The Air Force includes the Air Defense Forces (ADF), which are designed to protect administrative, industrial and economic centers and regions of the country, troop groups, important military and government facilities from air and space attacks. The tasks of air defense also include notification of the immediate preparation and start of an aerospace attack, covering the country’s most important facilities, troops and forces, creating favorable conditions for the deployment of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the event of the outbreak of hostilities, and a number of others.

In the course of the ongoing reform of the Air Force and Air Defense Forces, the commands of long-range aviation and military transport aviation were abolished, the air armies of the Supreme High Command for Strategic Purposes and the Supreme High Command of Military Transport Aviation were formed; The Moscow Air Force and Air Defense District was transformed into the Special Forces Command. The unified organizational structure of the new type consists of:

Military command and control bodies, branches of the Air Defense Forces (anti-aircraft missile forces, radio engineering troops);

Types of aviation (bomber, attack, fighter, reconnaissance, transport, special purpose);

Special troops (units and units of electronic warfare; radiation, chemical and biological protection; communications and radio technical support; surveying; engineering and airfield; meteorological, etc.);

Military units and logistics institutions;

Other military units, institutions, enterprises and organizations.

The created Air Forces are intended to protect centers, regions of the country (administrative, industrial and economic), troop groups and important installations from enemy strikes from the air and from space, defeat enemy military targets and rear areas, support combat operations of the Ground Forces and the Navy Fleet.

In peacetime, the Air Force performs tasks to protect the state border of Russia in the airspace, and alerts about flights/foreign reconnaissance vehicles in the border zone.

The Navy belongs to the branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is one of the most important foreign policy attributes of the state. It is designed to ensure the security and protection of the interests of the Russian Federation in peacetime and wartime on the ocean and sea borders.

The structure of the Navy is determined by the geographical location of the Russian Federation and consists of four fleets: the Northern, Pacific, Black Sea, Baltic, as well as the Caspian flotilla, fleet aviation, squadrons, naval bases, individual formations and units. The fleets also include formations and units of the Marine Corps.

The priority task of the Navy is to prevent the outbreak of wars and armed conflicts, and in the event of aggression to repulse them, cover the country's facilities, forces and troops from ocean and sea directions, inflict defeat on the enemy, create conditions for preventing military actions at the earliest possible stage and concluding peace on terms that meet the interests of the Russian Federation. In addition, the task of the Navy is to conduct peacekeeping operations by decision of the UN Security Council or in accordance with the international allied obligations of the Russian Federation.

To solve the priority task of the Armed Forces and the Navy - preventing the outbreak of war, the naval strategic nuclear forces, which have (certain advantages in comparison with the Strategic Missile Forces and strategic aviation. With such a basing, nuclear weapons are withdrawn outside the territory of one’s own state, which reduces the threat to civilians, and most importantly, submarines become less vulnerable compared to other types of nuclear weapons.

In addition to naval strategic nuclear forces, the Navy has general-purpose forces. In the event of aggression, they must repel the enemy’s attacks, defeat the strike groups of his fleet and prevent the conduct of large-scale and deep naval operations, as well as, in cooperation with other branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, ensure the creation of the necessary conditions for the effective conduct of defensive operations in continental theaters of military operations.

The basis of the general purpose forces of the Navy are submarine forces, which form the core of the fleet's strike potential as the most versatile, mobile and powerful type of force, capable of effectively fighting any naval enemy. Their main element is nuclear submarines.

Russia is a maritime power: its shores are washed by the waters of many seas and oceans, and the length of the maritime border is twice as long as the land border. In modern conditions, the Navy is capable of ensuring the security and protection of the country's interests in peacetime and war on the ocean and sea borders.

The Strategic Missile Forces (RVSN) are a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and are designed to solve the problems of nuclear deterrence of attacks from the outside in the interests of the Russian Federation and our allies, ensuring strategic stability in the world.

Organizationally, the Strategic Missile Forces consist of associations and formations. They are armed with silo-based intercontinental ballistic missiles, dual-launched missiles (mine and railway), as well as missiles with mobile launchers. The Strategic Missile Forces are distinguished by high combat readiness, survivability, autonomy and enormous combat power. They have no analogues in the world.

Space forces are a fundamentally new branch of the military. Among the main tasks assigned to them are conducting information and reconnaissance operations in outer space; identifying threats to national security emanating from space; destruction of warheads of ballistic missiles of a potential enemy. The priority in solving information problems and developing the Space Forces is to ensure long-term guaranteed access to space through a developed ground-based infrastructure and maintaining the necessary grouping of military spacecraft in the strategic space zone to support the actions of the Armed Forces in all strategic directions.

The Space Forces include: cosmodromes (Baikonur, Plesetsk, Svobodny); Main Spacecraft Control Center named after G. S. Titov; formations and units of missile attack warning, space control and missile defense. Airborne troops (Airborne Forces) are a branch of the military and are designed to reach the enemy by air and carry out tasks in his rear to disorganize military command, destroy nuclear attack weapons, precision weapons, capture and hold important areas and objects, disrupt the rear and communications.

The main military formations of the Airborne Forces are airborne divisions, brigades and individual units.

Thus, a structure has been formed in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation that better meets today's requirements and allows effective interaction between various branches and branches of the Armed Forces.

This topic is relevant because over the past decade the Russian Armed Forces have gone through a difficult path and, like the country as a whole, have been in the process of active reform, which is associated with fundamental changes in geopolitical conditions in the world and the formation of Russian statehood. This needs to be emphasized in the introductory part of the lesson.

When studying the first question of the material, the head of the UCP group must use the provisions of the brochure “Current tasks of the development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation,” which sets out the main views of the leadership of the Ministry of Defense on the features of the development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the foreseeable future. It also reflects a comprehensive vision of the main directions of development of the army and navy.

When studying the second question, it is necessary to draw the attention of listeners to the fact that in the structure of our Armed Forces there are their branches (Space Forces, Strategic Missile Forces, Airborne Forces) and branches of troops that are part of the Ground Forces (motorized rifle, tank, missile forces and artillery, air defense forces, aviation).

1. Constitution of the Russian Federation. - M., 1993.

2. Current tasks in the development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. // Red star. - 2003, October 11.

3. Memo to “Warrior of Russia”. Publishing house "Rus-Style XXI century", M., 2002.

4. Address of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly. // Red star. - 2003, May 20 - 21.

5. Fatherland. Honor. Duty. A textbook on public and state training. Issue No. 4. - M., 1998.

Lieutenant colonel
Alexander Gordievsky,
senior magazine editor