Essays for the collection “OGE – 2018. Tsybulko. 36 options"
Essay on the topic “The boy was tall and thin, he kept his exorbitantly long arms deep in his pockets” (Option 1)
15.1 Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous linguist Valentina Danilovna Chernyak: “Emotional-evaluative words include words that are associated with the expression of any feeling, attitude towards a person, assessment of the subject of speech, situations and communication”
The famous linguist V.D. Chernyak writes about emotional-evaluative words that they are associated with feelings, attitude or assessment. I think that such words help us understand the characters and the author's intention. For example, in the text by R. P. Pogodin many such words are used. Let's say in sentence 13 Mishka says about Sim that he “got out.” This word shows us Mishka’s contemptuous attitude towards another hero. In sentence 16, he addresses Sima not by name, but very rudely: by the personal pronoun “you”. Next, he calls Sima a sycophant, says that he is sucking up - this also shows us his rudeness and contempt.
Emotional and expressive words make a literary work more expressive.
15.2 Write an argumentative essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of sentences 55-56 of the text: “The bear stood up and began to take pictures from the guys. He collected all the sheets and put them back in the album."
In an excerpt from the work of R. P. Pogodin, we read about the relationship between children from the same yard. They didn't like one of the boys, so they suspected him of various nasty things: for example, that he was a sycophant. Without figuring it out, they take the album from Sima and sort out the pictures. Only after some time, their “leader” Mishka suddenly realizes that the album was intended for an old teacher who no longer works at the school (this is stated in sentence 52). And from sentences 53 and 54 it becomes clear why Sima wanted to thank her: she helped him study during a serious illness. When Misha realized this, he felt ashamed, and he began to take the pictures away from the guys and put them back in the album. From sentences 67-75 we understand that the guys gave Maria Alekseevna the drawings that Sima made for her.
These words mean that Misha knew how to admit his mistakes and correct them.
15.3 How do you understand the meaning of the word CONSCIENCE? Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-argument on the topic: “What is conscience?”, taking the definition you gave as the thesis.
Conscience is a person’s ability to realize that he is wrong; it restrains from doing a bad thing or reproaches if a person has already done wrong.
In an excerpt from the work of R.P. Pogodin, Mishka took away from Sima an album with drawings that he made for the teacher, but then Mishka realized that he was wrong. His conscience reproached him, and he decided to correct his mistake. I took the drawings from my friends and still gave them to the teacher.
Both in life and in literature, we often encounter situations in which a person experiences pangs of conscience. For example, in A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin,” the main character harshly judges himself for cowardice. Fearing public condemnation, Eugene went to a duel with a friend and accidentally killed him. Onegin punishes himself - sends him into exile.
Each person must act in accordance with the requirements of his conscience.
Essay on the topic “The quiet chirping of birds sounded joyful in spring...” (Option 2)
15.1 Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous linguist Dietmar Elyashevich Rosenthal: “Our grammatical system provides many options for expressing the same thought.”
The grammatical system of the Russian language offers the speaker various syntactic structures to express the same thing. They are synonymous.
For example, sentences with participial phrases and subordinate clauses are synonymous. True, it is not always possible to replace a subordinate clause with an adverbial phrase, but if you can, the text becomes livelier and more energetic. This is probably why such constructions are preferred by V. O. Bogomolov, with an excerpt from whose book I became acquainted. This text contained a lot of adverbial phrases and singular adverbs. For example, in sentences 3, 5, 7, 12, 13 we find such constructions.
However, sometimes the writer prefers subordinate clauses: in sentences 21, 23 and some others. This makes the text more expressive and beautiful.
15.2 Write an argumentative essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of the last sentences of the text: “There is no plan,” Vitka said gloomily with his characteristic directness. - And combat support too. This is irresponsibility and my oversight. I am responsible for this."
The hero-narrator, after heavy fighting, forgot that he was ordered to set up a guard and sketch out a plan of action in the event of an enemy attack (sentence 21). This was indeed necessary, but the narrator neglected it, albeit unintentionally, and because of his forgetfulness, his friend, battalion commander Vitka, suffered. But the commander took all the blame upon himself, realizing that the brigade commander could punish him and, in any case, would scold him. The words “This is irresponsibility and my oversight. I am responsible for this,” they say that the battalion commander is an honest person who is not capable of letting a friend down; in addition, he is ready to be responsible for everything that happens in his unit. The narrator was confident in his friend, this is stated in sentence 24, he was very ashamed that his friend would suffer through his fault.
Sometimes friends have to correct each other's mistakes.
15.3 How do you understand the meaning of the word CONSCIENCE? Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-argument on the topic: “What is conscience?”, taking the definition you gave as the thesis.
Conscience is a feature of a person’s personality. Anyone who has a conscience will try under no circumstances to commit a bad act. If he accidentally does something bad, then his conscience torments him and forces him to correct the evil caused.
In an excerpt from the work of V. O. Bogomolov, the hero-narrator forgot to carry out the instructions of his friend the battalion commander, and because of this, the brigade commander scolded Vitka. But the friend did not betray his friend, but took the blame upon himself. The narrator was very ashamed of this.
We often come across examples of pangs of conscience in literature and life. For example, in F. M. Dostoevsky’s novel “The Brothers Karamazov” one boy, Ilyusha, succumbing to the persuasion of the evil student Rakitin, treated a stray dog with a piece of bread with a pin. The dog squealed and ran away. The boy thought that Bug had died, and this tormented him terribly, he even became seriously ill. But, fortunately, it later turned out that the dog survived.
Conscience is very necessary for every person.
Essay on the topic “In a school called “Republic of SHKID”, at the same time as the newcomer Panteleev, a decrepit old woman, the director’s mother, appeared...” (OPTION 3)
15.1 Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous linguist Dmitry Nikolaevich Shmelev: “The figurative meaning of a word enriches our language, develops and transforms it.”
In the Russian language, along with unambiguous words, there are a huge number of words that have not one, but two or more meanings. If you look at the Explanatory Dictionary, you can see that there are even more such words than unambiguous ones. Of course, this is no coincidence. Polysemantic words add expressiveness to speech. A joke like a pun is based on the use of different meanings of one polysemantic word; The figurative meaning of the word allows you to make your statement brighter.
For example, in L. Panteleev’s text in sentence 11 we read about how a pile of flat cakes “melted.” This word is used in the figurative meaning of “decreased in size,” and we can easily imagine this picture: a bunch of flat cakes becomes smaller and smaller, and then they disappear altogether.
In sentence 20, the author writes about the boy that his lips “jumped.” This is also a word with a figurative meaning. As we read, we immediately understand that the new guy is almost crying with anger and resentment, he is so shocked by the actions of the guys.
Words in a figurative sense are often used in fiction as a means of expression.
15.2 Write an argumentative essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of sentences 47-49 of the text: “You know, Lyonka, you’re great,” said the Japanese, blushing and sniffling. - Forgive us, please. I say this not only on my own behalf, I speak on behalf of the whole class.”
The action of the book “Republic of SHKID” takes place in a colony. The guys who got there are, of course, not angels. Most of them stole on the street so as not to die of hunger, and some of their habits remained at that moment, which is described in the episode with the stolen flatbreads.
But the new Panteleev was more honest than the others: it seemed dishonest to him to steal from a blind old woman, so the other colonists beat him, and the director, without understanding, punished Panteleev, because he did not deny his guilt.
The other colonists felt ashamed. That is why the Japanese blushed when he asked Lyonka for forgiveness. The guys suddenly realized that it was possible to live more honestly than they did: not to offend the weak, not to shift the blame onto others. This is stated in the words of the Japanese (in sentences 40 - 42). But going to the director and confessing is still too heroic an act for guys who are not used to living honestly. As a result, no one supports the Japanese proposal, but still the guys felt guilty and agreed with the apology. Therefore, Lyonka made peace with the guys (sentence 51-52).
15.3 How do you understand the meaning of the word CONSCIENCE?
Conscience is what allows a person to be human, a sense of the rightness or wrongness of an action, a kind of compass. Anyone who has a conscience understands how to act and how not to, and he tries to avoid bad actions even if no one will know about them.
Conscience helps us evaluate ourselves. Unfortunately, not everyone has a conscience. Some people think that she causes only problems: she reproaches, does not give peace, but a person strives for happiness and peace. It also happens that someone’s conscience has not yet been properly formed. For example, in this text we see children who did not listen to their conscience, because it rather hindered them when they lived on the street and were forced to steal and cheat so as not to die of hunger. But Lyonka’s honest act first shocked them and caused aggression, and then made their best feelings awaken. They felt ashamed, which means that they became a little better than they were before.
Conscience makes a person feel ashamed for others if they do something bad. I came across such an example in literature - in the story “Doll” by E. Nosov. The hero of this story, Akimych, is ashamed of those people who pass by a mutilated doll and do not pay attention to this disgrace. He buries the doll and says: “You can’t bury everything.” I think he means that unscrupulous people, with the silent connivance of others, have already committed a lot of evil, it is already difficult to correct it. The author calls on those in whom conscience is still alive not to get used to bad things, but to try to correct them.
Conscience is the core in a person’s soul.
Essay on the topic “I stood in a dark, cold circus stable...” (Option 5)
15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian linguist Lyudmila Alekseevna Vvedenskaya: “Any deviations from the norm must be situationally and stylistically justified”
The famous linguist L.A. Vvedenskaya has a saying: “Any deviations from the norm must be situationally and stylistically justified.”
The Russian language is a rich and ideally constructed system; this language is able to deeply and vividly describe the entire gamut of human emotions. A person who uses the Russian language has a whole arsenal of phraseological units, sayings, an incredible number of synonyms, comparisons, metaphors, etc.
But still, every person has situations, joyful or bitter, when he sometimes lacks generally accepted norms to express his feelings. But in order to deviate from the general rules of language, the speaker or writer must have motives. These motives are explained by a specific situation, according to Vvedenskaya’s statement. For example, in the sentence “I stood in a darkened cold stable next to my sick friend and with all my heart wanted to help her.” The author here is talking about a friend, and then that he wanted to help “her.” The text is about the circus elephant Lyalka. Why does the author call her a friend and not a girlfriend? After all, if “she” means “friend”. The fact is that the author sincerely worries about the elephant and is very afraid that she will not recover, because she is very dear to him. The word “friend” contains much more meaning than “girlfriend”. A friend is a close person, he will support and reassure, he will always be there. In this case, given how much the author cares for Lyalka, the use of the word “friend” can be justified.
He turns to Lyalka, who has already recovered. The author speaks to the animal as if it can understand his words. From this exclamation it is clear how sincerely glad the author is that the elephant recovered and ate the food. Here, addressing these words to an animal is justified by the author’s genuine joy.
15.2. Explain how you understand the meaning of the text fragment: “We always go ahead with our firecrackers and whistles, we, clowns, clowns and entertainers, and next to us, of course, are beautiful, cheerful elephants.”
The story “Lalka the Elephant” tells how the author is very worried about his friend, an elephant named Lyalka. She became seriously ill and refused to eat. All night the author imagined Lyalka getting cold and trembling, but the next morning it turned out that she had already recovered. The way she cheerfully trumpeted spoke about the good mood of the elephant. To celebrate, the author came up with the thought: “We always go ahead with our firecrackers and whistles, we, clowns, clowns and entertainers, and next to us, of course, are beautiful, cheerful elephants.” This means that in any case, life, love for this life and work wins. Despite the threat of illness, Lyalka won and is ready to continue to delight the children with her performances.
From the sentence “Seeing me and immediately recognizing me, Lyalka trumpeted triumphantly,” we see that the elephant is very happy with her friend and wants to show him that the illness has receded and she is ready to get back into action again.
The author is so happy with Lyalka’s mood, he is proud that they are the ones who organize a holiday for people, that clowns and clowns allow them to plunge back into a carefree childhood. Lyalka fully supports the author in this and seems to say: “Let the amazing cavalcade of joy and happiness in life always dance!”
Kindness is the ability to empathize and put yourself in another person’s shoes.
There are many definitions of the word “kindness”, but I will focus on the fact that it is, first of all, empathy, compassion. To do good, you need to be able to take on the grief and troubles of others, and then act as you would like to be treated.
If a person or animal is in trouble, you need to show your nobility and willingness to help, because these are the traits that characterize a real Person.
Kindness is visible in the behavior of the author of the story “Lalka the Elephant.” He worries about the animal with all his heart. The author prepared medicine for Lyalka, then did not sleep all night, thinking about her, how bad she felt. In the morning, seeing nothing, he ran to her and fed her. The author does good for the elephant, as for a real friend.
What motivates us when we give money for the treatment of a child we don’t know, help frail old people, give up our seat on the bus, or pick up a hungry stray cat? Of course, kindness. It is she who helps us preserve this world and all the best that is in it.
Essay on the topic “It was the last days of June...” (Option 6)
15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian writer Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov: “Ellipses are traces on the tiptoes of words that have passed away.”
Despite all the richness of the Russian language, every person at certain moments in life is faced with a situation when he cannot find the right words; when it seems: here they are, on the tip of his tongue, but he is not able to pronounce them, although they are clearly implied in speech.
This phenomenon is confirmed by the statement of the Russian writer V.V. Nabokov: “Ellipses are traces on tiptoes of departed words.” If in a conversation we can understand from a person’s behavior that he is not telling something, then in written speech this function is performed by the ellipsis.
In the sentence “Well, Grishuk, get better without me...” Emelya said goodbye to his grandson, who was seriously ill. “And I’ll go get the deer,” we clearly see how difficult it is for the grandfather to leave one sick boy, but he has no other choice. The ellipsis in this sentence clearly shows Emelya’s anxiety, sadness, and concern for her grandson.
We can say that ellipsis is used to save language resources.
Further, after returning from the hunt empty-handed and after his grandson’s questions whether the grandfather shot the fawn, Emelya says: “No, Grishuk... I saw it... He’s yellow himself, and his face is black. He stands under a bush and plucks leaves... I took aim..."
Here, under the ellipses, one can clearly see the desire of the deed to console Grisha, to explain to him that his hand did not rise to shoot a defenseless deer.
An ellipsis is an understatement that can be easily guessed from the context and behavior of the character.
15.2. Explain how you understand the meaning of the ending of the text: “Grisha fell asleep and all night saw a little yellow fawn who was happily walking through the forest with his mother, and the old man slept on the stove and also smiled in his sleep.”
The text ends with the sentence “Grisha fell asleep and all night he saw a little yellow fawn, who was happily walking through the forest with his mother, and the old man slept on the stove and also smiled in his sleep.”
Emel's grandfather went into the forest, hoping to get a deer, and exactly the one that his Grishutka so wanted. But seeing how the deer bravely defended her cub, risking her life, he could not shoot, although the animals were only a few steps away from him.
To his grandson’s question, he answered: “When he whistled, and he, a calf, ran into the thicket - that’s all they saw. He ran away, shot like that..."
Grishutka was glad that the little yellow fawn remained alive and listened with pleasure to the stories of the case. Sincere childish joy can be seen in the following sentences: “The old man told the boy for a long time how he searched for a calf in the forest for three days and how it ran away from him. The boy listened and laughed merrily with his old grandfather.”
15.3. How do you understand the meaning of the word KINDNESS?
Our world rests on kindness, responsiveness, and willingness to help others. Kindness is what holds everything beautiful in our lives. If we did not show kindness and compassion to any living creature, we would simply disappear from the face of the earth. By showing kindness and accepting it from others, we know that everything is still good in our lives, not all is lost.
This text perfectly demonstrates the act of mercy and kindness. The old hunter lost three days; his sick grandson was waiting for him at home. Luck was right in front of the old man. But when he saw how selflessly the doe protected her cub, he felt sorry for both of them. Instead of returning home with rich booty, he chose to give life to defenseless animals. What is this if not a manifestation of kindness? The old man remembered who his granddaughter miraculously survived the attack of wolves, however, at the cost of his mother’s life.
This is all shown in the sentences “Exactly what broke in old Emelya’s chest, and he lowered the gun. The hunter quickly stood up and whistled - the small animal disappeared into the bushes with the speed of lightning.”
In real life, there are many cases when people, risking their lives and health, saved children in trouble, pulled them out of burning houses, rescued them from water, from animal attacks.
All these cases give us hope that we will not be left without a helping hand if we get into trouble.
Essay on the topic “Now Kolka, Vovka and Olya rarely met: vacation...” (Option 7)
15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian linguist Irina Borisovna Golub: “In artistic speech, the use of homogeneous members of a sentence is a favorite means of enhancing its expressiveness.”
Russian linguist I. B. Golub has a saying: “In artistic speech, the use of homogeneous members of a sentence is a favorite means of enhancing its expressiveness.”
Often it is not enough for a speaker to express his thoughts using only one word, one synonym or description. In order to give persuasiveness and expressiveness to his speech, a person can use homogeneous members of the sentence, as, for example, in the sentence “But he said it as if he had been there and seen it, and Olya’s eyes opened even wider.”
Here the homogeneous members of the sentence are the words “was” and “saw”. In order to understand the meaning of the sentence, it would be enough to use only one of them, but the use of both of them gave dynamism and brightness to the sentence.
The feelings and melancholy of the main character can be seen in the sentence “I watched how the arrow rotated, how it trembled, where it pointed.” It would be enough to say that the boy was looking at the compass, but the words “spinning,” “trembling,” “pointing” convey how dear his compass is to the boy.
Kolka's compassion shows that he does not even expect to get a puppy for the compass. It is enough for him that the dog will live. He is ready to lose what is so dear to him, just to know that the puppy will not be drowned: “I’m not for good,” Kolka sighed. - Let him live with you, if you want. I’m for you not to drown.”
15.3. How do you understand the meaning of the word KINDNESS?
The age-old question - what is kindness? Each person will answer it differently, based on their own life experience. For some, kindness is the willingness to help those weaker and more helpless than oneself; for others, it is the ability to sympathize, to share the pain and grief of one’s neighbor.
I believe that kindness implies a willingness to make any sacrifice so that an innocent living being, no matter human or animal, is harmed. You show goodness if you stop cruelty and injustice without thinking about how it will turn out for you. On the contrary, you condone evil if you silently observe it, without even participating in it.
Kindness is when a person does not pass by someone else’s misfortune or trouble, believing that it does not concern him. In the text, the boy Kolka is ready to sacrifice a thing dear to him for free in order to save a puppy, which he will not receive: “That’s what they decided. Vovka dragged the puppy home, Olka ran away, and Kolka went to say goodbye with the compass. I watched how the arrow rotated, how it trembled, where it pointed.”
I once had to observe one case. A sick dog lay in a collar on a busy road, breathing heavily. People passed by, looking at the animal with disgust. Only one girl dared to approach her, without fear of human judgment and opinion. She gave the dog water and moved it away from the road onto the grass.
In this case, it was more important for the person to help, to show kindness, than what others might think.
Essay on the topic “That night there were long, cold rains...” (OPTION 8)
15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian linguist Irina Borisovna Golub: “Definitely personal sentences, in comparison with two-part sentences, give speech dynamism and brevity.”
The famous linguist I. B. Golub has a saying: “Definitely personal sentences, in comparison with two-part sentences, give speech dynamism and brevity.”
Native speakers, and not only others, can express their thoughts without using personal pronouns to save language resources and time. They, of course, give the sentence greater specificity, but they can still be omitted for the sake of brevity without losing the meaning of the sentence. For example, in the sentence “Let’s cook porridge!” the soldiers could have said: “We’ll cook porridge!”, but they used a definitely personal proposal. The exclusion of the pronoun “we” gave the sentence brevity and a sense of unity among the soldiers, their common joy.
15.2. Explain how you understand the meaning of the ending of the text: “The orderly also smiled and, stroking the nearest dog, answered: “They ate the oatmeal.” But they got you there on time.”
The text ends with the sentence “The orderly also smiled and, stroking the nearest dog, answered: “They ate the oatmeal.” But they got you there on time.”
The story tells about a difficult, wartime time. Cold, hunger, no food, the soldiers eat only water and crackers. And what happiness it was when soldier Lukashuk suddenly found a bag of oatmeal, which seemed like a real treasure to the poor soldiers. They were already looking forward to eating plenty of hearty porridge. But suddenly the owner of this bag showed up and took it away.
After a while, when things got better with food, soldier Lukashuk was saved by the very man who took away their last hope - a bag of oatmeal. He turned out to be a military orderly.
It seems that this orderly is making excuses to Lukashuk for what happened then. He makes it clear to the wounded man: thanks to the fact that he gave the porridge to the dogs, they managed to take him out on a sled and thereby save him. After all, if the orderly had not done this, the animals would have weakened from hunger and, perhaps, thanks to this particular incident, Lukashuk remained alive, because the dogs got him there on time. This is how it happens in life: what at first glance seems like destruction, in fact, unexpectedly becomes salvation.
15.3. How do you understand the meaning of the word KINDNESS?
Kindness is a life phenomenon when a person helps others, despite the fact that for him this is fraught with some inconvenience, loss of time, etc. This means giving another a piece of his warmth, without being afraid of freezing himself.
To know that today you have made life better for someone, to realize that you have done good to someone - isn’t this happiness? The joy and satisfaction from giving is much stronger than in a situation when you receive something yourself. Kindness makes the life of each of us better and brighter. If you do good to someone, that someone along the chain will do good to someone else.
The text contains an example of showing kindness and compassion. The orderly, who took the bag of oatmeal from the soldiers, gave it all to the hungry dogs, although he himself could get enough of it, because it was a very hungry war time. Thanks to the fact that the orderly, to his own detriment, fed the animals, they were able to gain strength and bring the wounded and injured on sleds. This is what is said in the sentence “They ate the oatmeal.” But they got you there on time.”
There are many people who, despite being busy and having limited finances, visit orphans in orphanages and helpless old people left alone. These people share with them not only material values, but also spiritual warmth, which means that life becomes brighter for them.
Essay on the topic “At dusk, Bidenko and Gorbunov went out on reconnaissance, taking Vanya Solntsev with them...” (OPTION 9)
15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement taken from the Literary Encyclopedia: “By making the characters talk to each other, instead of conveying their conversation from himself, the author can introduce appropriate shades into such a dialogue. He characterizes his heroes by theme and manner of speech.”
Every book lover knows how well monologues or dialogues of characters characterize them, clearly highlighting their literacy, education and other individual characteristics.
For convenience, the author could simply briefly convey the essence of the conversation between two or more book characters, but it is the schedule of their detailed dialogue that allows the reader to form an opinion about each of them. From the sentence “Why the hell are you hanging around here at night, you bastard! - shouted a rough German voice with a cold.” It is clear to us that these words belong to a cruel man who knows no mercy. There is not even a need for a more detailed description of this character - it is already clear to the reader that nothing good should be expected from him.
The following example: “Oh, uncle, don’t hit me! – he whined pitifully. - I was looking for my horse. I found it by force. I wandered all day and all night. “I’m lost...” he shouted, swinging his whip at Serko.” Here the author could simply write that the boy pretended to be a shepherd and asked for mercy. But this phrase by Vanya helps the reader vividly imagine the image of a pitiful shepherd who is exhausted and begs to be let go in peace.
The characters’ phrases and their unique manner of speaking help the reader to immerse themselves deeper into the work and create the effect that he himself seems to be present at the scene of the events being described.
15.2. Explain how you understand the meaning of sentences 31-32 of the text: “He knew that his friends, faithful comrades in arms, were nearby. At the first cry they will rush to the rescue and kill every last one of the fascists.”
The boy Vanya is entrusted with a very important mission - to be a guide for scouts, to lead them into the enemy camp and warn them of danger. For this purpose, the image of a foolish shepherdess was thought out for him. Vanya is well aware of how important this goal is and how much depends on him.
The text contains the sentence: “He knew that his friends, faithful comrades in arms, were nearby. At the first cry they will rush to the rescue and kill every last one of the fascists.”
When Vanya showed the way to Bidenko and Gorbunov, he came across two Germans and was seized with real horror. He was afraid not even for himself, but for the fact that their whole plan would collapse. He knew that in any case his comrades would not harm him and would protect him from the Nazis. When one of the Germans hit him humiliatingly, Vanya was furious: “What! He, a soldier of the Red Army, a scout of the famous battery of Captain Enakiev, was dared to be hit with a boot by some fascist flaw! But he pulled himself together in time. If he gave in to his anger, that would be the end of their plan. Despite the fact that there were people behind him who would protect him, Vanya pushed personal grudges into the background and put his important task first: “But the boy also firmly remembered that he was in deep reconnaissance, where the slightest noise could reveal group and disrupt the execution of a combat mission.”
The boy Vanya, in the guise of a shepherdess, completed his task with honor and did not let down the scouts, who completely relied on him.
The text describes a terrible time for a great country - the Great Patriotic War. These were the years when fearlessness was required from every citizen of our country, a willingness to sacrifice everything in the name of victory and freedom. It was a time when ordinary Soviet people performed feats for the sake of their Motherland.
A feat in my understanding is when a person puts the well-being of his people and country first, and then takes care of his personal well-being. A feat is something for which a person is ready to sacrifice his life.
During the war, millions of people lost their families and homes; they united to defeat the enemy, putting aside their personal concerns.
A simple Russian boy, Vanya, stoically endured the bullying of the Nazis and cast aside his pride. It was incredibly difficult for him, but he knew that he simply did not have the right to let his comrades down: “Then, with a powerful effort of will, he suppressed his rage and pride.” He coped with the horror that gripped him from meeting his enemies and led the scouts further.
Since school, we have heard incredible stories about the heroism and exploits of Soviet people during the war. Despite their nation and religion, they all stood up as one to defend their country and were not afraid of difficult trials. People boldly made their way into the enemy camp, freed prisoners, and rescued the wounded. All these are feats thanks to which today we have the opportunity to live and love, to enjoy the peaceful sky above our heads.
Essay on the topic “Once, when my grandmother was on her knees, talking heartily with God...” (OPTION 10)
15.1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian linguist Evgeniy Nikolaevich Shiryaev “The entire organization of linguistic means in fiction is subordinated not simply to the transfer of content, but to the transfer of artistic means.”
The artistic style differs from the scientific, official and journalistic style in the richness of its means of expression. If scientific works and newspaper articles contain only dry facts, then fiction provides unlimited scope for imagination. Fiction novels, short stories, stories abound in such artistic means as metaphor, comparison, description, hyperbole, personification and many others.
A striking example of the use of artistic means is shown in the following sentences: “In the quiet night his red flowers bloomed smokelessly; only a dark cloud hovered very high above them, not preventing them from seeing the silver stream of the Milky Way. The snow glowed crimson, and the walls of the buildings trembled and swayed, as if rushing towards the hot corner of the yard, where the fire was playing merrily, filling the wide cracks in the workshop wall with red, sticking out of them like red-hot crooked nails.”
The text describes the heroism of the grandmother, who fearlessly and with enviable self-control gives out instructions: “- Barn, neighbors, defend! If the fire spreads to the barn, to the hayloft, ours will burn to the ground and yours will take over! Cut the roof, the hay goes into the garden! Neighborhood priests, come together as friends, God will help you.” The author shows the simple speech characteristic of this woman; these phrases characterize her as a courageous person who does not lose her composure.
15.2. Explain how you understand the meaning of the sentence in the text: “It was impossible not to listen to her at that hour.”
The text describes a fire that happened at two in the middle of the night and alarmed all the inhabitants of the house and neighbors. The servants and even the grandfather, the owner of the house, rushed about randomly in confusion while the fire devoured everything in its path. And only the grandmother managed to maintain composure, act wisely and give instructions in order to save the household and the whole family. She even advises neighbors who drop by on how to save barns and hay.
The little grandson, on whose behalf the story is told, describes in detail the events of this terrible night: “It was as interesting as the fire; illuminated by the fire, which seemed to catch her, black, she rushed around the yard, keeping up everywhere, in charge of everything, seeing everything.”
The boy notices how his grandmother fearlessly ran into the burning workshop and carried out explosive vitriol. She even managed to calm the frightened, soaring horse. He affectionately calls him “little mouse.” Grandmother took upon herself all the burden and responsibility: “Evgenya, take off the icons!” Natalya, get the guys dressed! - the grandmother commanded sternly, in a strong voice, and the grandfather quietly howled: “E-and-s.” That’s why the grandson immediately understood: “It was impossible not to listen to her at that hour.”
15.3. How do you understand the meaning of the word FEAT?
Both in works of art and in real life there were and are numerous examples of feats that were performed by both men and women. A feat is a selfless act that is performed in the name of saving the Motherland, family, strangers, even at the cost of one’s own life. Only a Man with a capital M, noble and ready to help, is capable of such an act. A hero man runs to help those who are in dire straits, and the last thing he thinks about is himself.
In the text, such a Person is the grandmother; she is the only one, risking her life, who burst into a building engulfed in fire in order to save the others, to save the barns and hay, not only her own, but also those of her neighbors. She does not panic, but calms the others. She even managed to calm down a horse running in fear: “Don’t be afraid! - Grandmother said in a deep voice, patting him on the neck and taking the reins. - Am I going to leave you with this fear? Oh, little mouse..."
They say about such women: “She will stop a galloping horse and enter a burning hut.”
The world rests on such heroic people; they give a chance for survival when it seems that everything is over. The feat does not depend on age. I remember a case where a fifteen-year-old boy saved seven neighbor children from a fire in his house, while the rest succumbed to panic and lost hope.
OGE task No. 10
INTRODUCTORY WORDS AND CONSTRUCTIONS
1. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory word.
Of course, (1) it only seemed to me. But it’s not for nothing that I remember this plane so much. It must have been (2) and indeed then for the first time I thought about what (3) now occupied all my thoughts. So, (4) I hid my secret from everyone.
2. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory word.
I studied night flights, (1) when darkness begins immediately after the start and all the time, (2) while you gain altitude, (3) it seems, (4) you are groping your way along a dark corridor. Below, (5) at the airfield, (6) the lights are shining brightly.
3. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory word.
And then I realized (1) that if I free the boy from his word of honor, (2) only a military man can remove him from guard, (3) this is necessary, (4) it means (5) to go look for a military man.
4. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory word.
In my free hours, I went into the barn to chop wood, (1) wanting to be alone with myself. Life, (2) I remember, (3) seemed to me more and more boring, (4) tough, (5) established forever in those forms and relationships, (6) as I saw it day after day.
5. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory word.
- Alyoshka, (1) look, (2) - the grandfather points out, (3) - no way, (4) relatives have appeared at someone else’s gate.
“Probably,” Alyosha answers and moves on.
6. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory construction.
Heal, (1) show mercy! Our veterinarian has no jurisdiction over such matters. He horse-rided for us. This hare, (2) one might say, (3) is my savior: I owe him my life, (4) I must show gratitude, (5) and you say - quit!
7. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory word.
8. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory construction.
One day, after the freeze-up, news spread around the village (1) that geese were swimming in the ice hole and did not fly away. Geese are large, (2) not afraid of people, (3) these birds, (4) must be (5) domesticated. In the evening, (6) when I was sledding with the guys, (7) alarming screams were heard from the other side of the river.
9. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory word.
Tomorrow! What if today the forest,(1) which comes close to the water, is on fire?
- The rescuers will probably (2) remove them. Or maybe (4) the fire will stop, (5) - Alik said hesitantly.
10. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory word.
Bim, (1) first, (2) said hello: he wagged his tail, (3) but with sadness, (4) bowing his head first to one side, (5) then to the other. This, (6) in addition, (7) also meant the question: “What kind of person are you?”
11. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory construction.
This time they were the first, (1) no one had touched or crushed the berries here before, (2) but it grew amazingly, (3) in a rare year, (4) according to Uncle Mitya, (5) such a success harvest. Now Sanya knew (6) what it was - the bushes were bursting with berries.
12. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory word.
And in himself, (1) it turns out, (2) he did not know and did not suspect much: this, (3) for example, (4) an inhumanly strong and enormous feeling, (5) trying to contain all the radiance and all the movement of the world, (6) all its inexplicable beauty and passion, (7) all its completeness.
13. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory construction.
I ran out onto the path, (1) the dog bent terribly, (2) looked at me with the green gaze of hungry eyes and jumped into the forest, (3) with its tail between its legs. Her posture, (4) without a doubt, (5) was not that of a dog, (6) and, (7) when I whistled, (8) she rushed wildly into the bushes.
14. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory word.
Indeed, (1) a fishing boat appeared in the channel, (2) skirting the island. This was Taras. He swam, (3) standing on his feet, (4) and deftly controlled one oar. As he swam closer, (5) I noticed, (6) to my surprise, (7) a swan swimming in front of the boat.
15. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas in the introductory word.
OGE task No. 10
APPEAL
1. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number indicating the comma when addressing.
- I’ll take the berries to the city, (1) sell them and buy you gingerbread.
- Horse, (2) woman?
- Horse, (3) horse. He himself is white-white, (4) and his mane is pink, (5) his tail is pink, (6) his eyes are pink, (7) his hooves are also pink.
Answer:_________________________________
2. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas when addressing.
Dasha lightly patted his withers and said:
- Take, (1) Bim, (2) take.
Dasha’s voice is soft, (3) sincere, (4) quiet and, (5) it seemed (6) calm, (7) her hands are warm and gentle, (8) affectionate.
3. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas when addressing.
- With him, (1) Asenka, (2) it will be, (3) of course, (4) more convenient, (5) than with me: he will fight off the dogs, (6) and will not give offense to the boys.
4. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas when addressing.
- No, (1) brother, (2) I stole them from a stall at the market. Nobody noticed.
- You (3) mean (4) stole them?
Answer:___________________________________
5. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas when addressing.
One day, (1) when the grandmother was on her knees, (2) talking cordially with God, (3) the grandfather, (4) opening the door to the room, (5) said in a hoarse voice:
- Well, (6) mother, (7) the Lord visited us, (8) - we are burning!
Answer:__________________________________
6. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the numbers indicating commas when addressing.
In my youth, I also had similar thoughts, (1) which drove me to madness. But this, (2) my dear sir, (3) is nonsense.
Answer:__________________________________
7. In the sentences below, all commas are numbered. Write down the number indicating the comma when addressing.
- Here you go! – the grandfather was surprised. “And the owner showed up at no one’s bench.” If I knew this master, (1) I would bow to him from the waist and shake his hand. Then the grandfather looked at Alyosha and asked:
- Don’t you know this master, (2) granddaughters?
Answers to task 10
Introductory words
Appeals
The work “Childhood,” written by the Soviet writer Maxim Gorky, is autobiographical. This is the first part of a trilogy about the hero’s childhood life, which took place before the revolution.
The narrator begins the story of how his father died from a serious illness. Out of grief, the mother gave birth prematurely and the baby died. The narrator and his mother go to live with his grandfather's family.
There the boy feels bad, the grandfather quarrels with his children and cruelly punishes his grandchildren. The narrator became friends with Ivan the Gypsy, who was distinguished by his good-natured character, and tried to help those around him. But soon the friend dies and the narrator is left alone in this unfriendly family of his grandfather. The mother did not take part in raising the boy. The narrator was saved only by the kindness of his grandmother, who constantly pities and pampers the boy. A grandfather teaches his grandson to read and write.
Adult sons constantly demand that their grandfather divide the property that he was able to get from working in his workshop. But the old man is in no hurry to give them what he has acquired. He is dissatisfied with his children and forces the narrator's mother into a new arranged marriage. But the young woman refuses. Soon the narrator becomes seriously ill, and his grandmother takes care of him and tells her grandson the family story.
The mother remarries a man the boy doesn’t like and takes her son to live with a new family. The grandmother starts drinking, and again the boy is left to his own devices. He starts school, but cannot get along with his classmates. The mother's family life is not going well, and the narrator again moves to live with his grandfather, who is extremely stingy. The narrator has to earn his own living.
Soon the boy’s seriously ill mother arrives at his grandfather’s house, where she soon dies. The grandfather is no longer going to keep his grandson in his house and sends him out to work and feed himself.
The work forces readers to change their attitude towards their own lives, showing how difficult life was for the narrator.
Chapter 1
My memories begin from the day my father died. Then I didn’t quite understand what happened. The mother, unkempt, with a big belly, disheveled, crawled on her knees around the dead man and cried.
I recently suffered from a serious illness and my grandmother, who came from Nizhny Novgorod, took care of me. Now most of all I wanted to leave with her, but the grandmother suddenly rushed to her mother, who somehow began to scream in a new way. People who came running in response to the scream were told that labor had begun.
The second vivid memory is a cemetery and two frogs climbing onto the roof of a coffin. They were buried there.
And then we sailed on a ship to Novgorod to visit my grandfather, and I immediately didn’t like his house, like him himself.
Chapter 2
The house was full of people constantly quarreling with each other. My uncles, Mikhail and Yakov, especially stood out. They demanded from the grandfather the division of property and the allocation of their share. They fought with each other until they bled, the inhabitants of the house could hardly separate them. The grandmother washed off the blood, sewed up torn clothes and prayed to the Mother of God for her unlucky sons.
Grandfather forced me to learn prayers, it was bad and he promised to flog me. What it was, I didn’t know then.
They spanked me for painting a festive tablecloth blue. I resisted and was beaten until I lost consciousness.
Chapter 3
Of all the inhabitants of the house, I liked Grandma and Gypsy. He was a foundling, nevertheless, his grandfather did not flog him, and his uncles respected him. Somehow, imperceptibly, we became close to him.
The gypsy was a good worker and his uncles appreciated him for this. Everyone dreamed of getting him into their workshop when they separated from his grandfather’s. And the old man also loved it because, when returning from the market, Tsyganok brought provisions worth three times more than the money they gave.
In the courtyard there was an oak cross, which Yakov vowed to erect on the grave of his wife, who was killed by him. The gypsy carried him out and got caught on the threshold. The uncles jumped back in fright, throwing the cross. The gypsy was crushed with all its weight, and he died.
Chapter 4
One day, while my grandmother was praying, my grandfather burst into the room screaming about a fire. Everyone began to run out of the house. The workshop was on fire. Shouting that the vitriol would explode, the grandmother rushed into the fire, wrapped in a blanket, and brought out a bucket bottle. She began to command the people who were putting out the flames. Soon everything was extinguished.
Grandfather stroked grandmother’s head and rejoiced that God was giving her reason for a short time.
I had already gone to bed when an inhuman howl was heard in the night. It was Aunt Natalya, Yakov’s second wife, who gave birth. The grandmother went to help with the birth, despite her burnt hands.
By morning Natalya died.
Chapter 5
In the spring, the uncles separated, and the grandfather moved to a new house, renting out almost all the rooms to tenants. My grandmother and I lived in the attic, and the tenants often ran to her for advice. She told me about her life and how she knitted lace from a young age.
Grandfather decided to teach me to read and write, and science came easily to me. My grandfather beat me less and less and often talked about the past. I liked these stories more than the Psalter - there were no more books. But he never talked about my father or mother, because he was angry with her for marrying against her father’s will.
Chapter 6
The uncles demanded that the grandfather divide the mother’s dowry between them. Grandfather resisted.
One day Yakov came running with the news that a drunken Mikhail was going to break down the doors and beat his father. My uncle was thrown out of the gate, but since then fights with his participation have occurred more and more often in our house. He came, destroyed everything around and used foul language.
The grandmother tried to intervene, to reason with the enraged Mikhail, but in one of these quarrels he broke her hand with a stake. A chiropractor was called. She turned out to be a small, hunchbacked woman, and I, frightened that it was my grandmother’s death, began to drive her out of the house.
Chapter 7
Grandparents prayed every day. Listening to them, I realized that their God was different. Grandmother’s was simple and understandable to me, he existed everywhere and his kindness lived in every creature, animate or not. Grandfather was evil and punished for every crime, and all day long he did nothing but look out for human misdeeds, so that he could then punish in a sophisticated manner for the sin committed.
Grandmother prayed anew every day, and these words were pleasant to listen to; there were almost no requests in them, but more doxology. She often spoke with God in her life.
Grandfather’s morning began with the same prayers, which I learned by heart and each time I looked for errors in my grandfather’s words, pointing them out to him. He was distressed and soon found something to take revenge on me for.
Chapter 8
Grandfather bought a new house, more comfortable, but also full of guests. I especially liked Good Deed, who was considered a freeloader in the house. At first he didn’t want to communicate with me, but after hearing my grandmother’s story, he changed his mind and we became friends. I often went to visit him. Good Deed was a chemist, although in the house they called him a warlock, and my grandfather punished me for every visit to his room.
As a result, my grandfather survived my friend by lying that my mother needed the room. Thus ended my friendship with this amazing man, one of those people who remain strangers in their native country.
Chapter 9
After the Good Deed, I became friends with Uncle Peter. One day my brothers and I wanted to steal a puppy from a neighbor and they suggested that I distract him by spitting on his bald head. As a result, I was caught and taken to be raised by my grandfather, while my brothers played in the street.
Uncle Peter rejoiced at my action, and became unpleasant to me. We finally fell out when I became friends with three neighbor kids. Our friendship lasted until their grandfather, the colonel, recognized them. I was punished.
Peter believed that I should have beaten the guys for what happened. He hated everything that belonged to the master.
Soon he committed suicide, and we learned that he was part of a gang that robbed churches.
Chapter 10
Mother arrived. Grandfather was not happy with her. Grandma stood up. That day I saw my grandfather hug her for the first time. And this picture made my soul feel so warm that I, sobbing with joy, rushed to them. The moved grandfather allowed the mother to stay.
The grandfather wanted to choose his daughter’s husband himself and marry her off. She resisted, but when she found out that her grandfather was beating her interceding grandmother, she changed her mind. Since then, strangers often gathered in the house. But my mother didn’t like my grandfather’s choice, and another scandal broke out in the house.
Chapter 11
After the scandal, my mother became the mistress of the house, seemingly displacing my grandfather. She decided to choose her husband according to her wishes, and now she often left in the evenings, dressed up.
I was assigned to school, but I didn’t like the local rules.
And then I fell ill with smallpox and lay delirious for a long time in the attic, bound with bandages. Every day my grandmother came and told me about my mother and father, their marriage, my birth, and how Uncle Mikhail and Yakov wanted to kill my father. Once, after getting drunk, they pushed him into an ice hole and beat him on the hands with their boots so that he would not hold on to the edges of the hole. The father somehow got out later, and told the police that he fell into the water himself.
Chapter 12
One day I woke up healthy and hurried to go down to my mother. Near the door, my legs gave out, and I crawled into the room. Everyone was alarmed, and an unfamiliar, unpleasant old woman began to give instructions on how to treat me.
I asked about her, and my grandfather replied that this was another grandmother of mine. And my mother pulled up one of the guests, officer Evgeny Maksimov, and introduced him as my father. I didn't like the new relatives.
Soon the mother got married and left for Moscow.
In the fall, the grandfather sold the house - the mother needed a dowry. We moved to the basement and my grandfather said that from now on everyone should eat at their own expense. We lived like this for two years until my stepfather and mother arrived. The stepfather squandered the dowry, but told everyone how his estate and all its goods burned down.
My grandmother and I moved in with our stepfather. There were quarrels here too; at school they didn’t like me because of my poor clothes. The mother had already given birth to one son, and she was expecting a second. One day they were arguing, and I saw how my stepfather kicked her, who was pregnant, in the chest. I grabbed the knife and stabbed him in the side.
Chapter 13
Grandmother and grandfather lived together again, I was with them. She wove lace, and her grandfather sold everything that was left to moneylenders, including clothes. Then he invested the money at interest and went broke. From then on, he became even more stingy, even counting the tea leaves for brewing.
I also helped get money by collecting rags and bones, stealing firewood. I gave the change I received to my grandmother, and she often cried, counting my nickels in her palm. At school everyone laughed at me even more.
The stepfather disappeared, the sick mother moved in with us along with the newborn Nikolai. Soon she died.
A few days after the funeral, my grandfather refused to feed me and sent me “to the public.”
No matter how hard and dark life is, there is always something bright in it. In the endless series of grievances, pain, and deaths, there are also good, memorable moments that are worth living for.
You can use this text for a reader's diary
Bitter. All works
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Childhood. Picture for the story
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