Description of the Altai region. Transport connections in the Altai Territory

Geographical position
The Altai Territory is located in the southeast of Western Siberia, on the border of continental Asia, 3419 km from Moscow. The territory of the region is 168 thousand square meters. km, in terms of area it ranks 24th in the Russian Federation and 10th in the Siberian Federal District. In the north, the region borders with the Novosibirsk region, in the east - with the Kemerovo region, the south-eastern border passes with the Altai Republic, in the south-west and west - the state border with the Republic of Kazakhstan, the length of which is 843.6 km. Climatic features
The climate is temperate and sharply continental, formed as a result of frequent changes in air masses coming from the Atlantic, Arctic, Eastern Siberia and Central Asia. The absolute annual amplitude of air temperature reaches 90-95o C. The predominance of partly cloudy weather ensures a significant influx of solar radiation. The duration of sunshine averages 2000-2300 hours per year, the amount of total radiation reaches 4500-4800 MJ/m2 per year. Average annual temperatures are positive, 0.5-2.1оС. The average maximum temperatures in July are 26-28°C, extreme temperatures reach 40-41°C. The average minimum temperatures in January are -20 -24°C, the absolute winter minimum is -50 -55°C. The frost-free period lasts about 120 days. The driest and hottest is the western lowland part of the region. To the east and southeast there is an increase in precipitation from 230 mm to 600-700 mm per year. The average annual temperature rises in the southwest of the region. Due to the presence of a mountain barrier in the southeast of the region, the dominant west-east transport of air masses acquires a southwestern direction. During the summer months, northerly winds are frequent. In 20-45% of cases, the speed of winds in the southwestern and western direction exceeds 6 m/s. In the steppe regions of the region, the occurrence of dry winds (up to 8-20 days a year) is associated with increased winds. In the winter months, during periods of active cyclonic activity, snowstorms are observed everywhere in the region, the frequency of which is 30-50 days a year. Snow cover is established on average in the second ten days of November and is destroyed in the first ten days of April. The height of the snow cover averages 40-60 cm, in the western regions it decreases to 20-30 cm, with the snow completely blown away. The depth of soil freezing is 50-80 cm; in steppe areas bare of snow, freezing to a depth of 2-2.5 m is possible. Water resources
Main rivers: Ob, Biya, Katun, Alei, Charysh. The total surface flow of the region's rivers is 53.5 km3 per year. In the Ob basin, which occupies 70% of the territory of the region, 53 km3 is formed. In the drainless region of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve (30% of the territory), only 0.5 km3 of runoff is formed. There are 17,085 rivers flowing through the region with a total length of 51,004 km, of which: 16,309 are less than 10 km long; 776 – more than 10 km long (including 32 rivers more than 100 km long, of which 3 are more than 500 km long). 9,700 rivers have more or less permanent flows. The main water artery of the region is the Ob River, 493 km long within the region, formed from the confluence of the Biya and Katun rivers. Its largest tributaries (more than 500 km long) are the Alei, Charysh and Chumysh rivers. There are about 13,000 lakes in the region, of which over 230 are with an area of ​​more than 1 km2. The largest are located in the steppe zone of the region: Kulundinskoye - 728 km2, Kuchukskoye - 181 km2, Gorkoye (Romanovsky district) - 140 km2, Bolshoye Topolnoye - 76 km2, Bolshoye Yarovoe - 66.7 km2. There are significant reserves of groundwater. Their potential operational resources within the flat part of the region for a 50-year period are 269 m3/sec. The region uses less than 20% of fresh groundwater from the total forecast operational reserves. Diversity of fauna
The diversity of zonal and intrazonal landscapes of the Altai Territory contributes to the species diversity of the animal world. The most numerous group of animals in the region are invertebrates, and among them is the class of insects (more than 400 species). 31 species of insects are listed in the Red Book of the Altai Territory. The class of amphibians is represented in the region by five species, of which two species - the common newt and the salamander - are included in the Red Book of the Altai Territory. Of the nine species of reptiles, the steppe viper, takyr round-headed viper, and multi-colored foot-and-mouth disease, which live in some steppe regions of the region, are listed in the Red Book. There are more than 320 bird species in the region, of which 220 to 290 species nest in the region. Due to the reduction in the areas of the most important nesting sites, the snake eagle, little bustard, and bustard have completely or partially disappeared. Of the 84 bird species listed in the Red Book of the Altai Territory, the life activity of more than half of the species is directly related to the wetlands of the region. Mammals are represented by 82 species. The most important are wild ungulates and fur-bearing animals, from the extraction of which meat, fur, leather and medicinal raw materials are obtained. In recent years, the number of moose, brown bear, squirrel, marmot, musk deer, and otter has decreased. There is a slight decrease in the number of wolves and beavers. However, since 1996, there has been a tendency to increase the number of some animals, especially species licensed for hunting - deer, roe deer, elk, brown bear, musk deer, sable, wild boar. The plowing of vast expanses of lowland forest-steppes and steppes has led to the emergence of unique anthropogenic forest and field habitats with a specific population of fauna. In the northern forest field, the field mouse has acquired a dominant position among mammals. In the fields on the site of southern forest-steppes and true steppes, species of steppe fauna dominate - gophers and hamsters. The red-cheeked ground squirrel has become dominant, expanding its range across plowed lands. Plant resources
The following types of vegetation are represented on the territory of the region: forests, steppes, meadows, swamps, tundra, shrub, rocky, aquatic, saline and synanthropic. The flora of the Altai Territory includes 2,186 species of higher vascular plants, including 1,886 native and 300 adventitious, about 400 species of mosses, and about 700 species of lichens. Among them there are representatives of endemic and relict species. Hayfields and pastures. Pasture and haylands of the Altai Territory occupy 3,731 thousand hectares, which is 35% of the area of ​​agricultural land. Hayfields and pastures have economic value, being a food source for livestock farming, as well as habitats for a variety of animals and plants, including rare ones. They grow up to 300 species of plants that produce roughage. These are mainly cereals, legumes and forbs. The most productive for the production of green fodder are floodplain hay meadows. The grassy vegetation of forage lands successfully protects the soil from erosion and deflation (with reasonable loads of grazing livestock). The beneficial flora of the region includes 1184 species of plants, among which are: medicinal - 913 species, melliferous - 379, forage - 663, decorative - 400, food - 228, vitamin-rich - 42, dyeing - 117, essential oil - 87, tanning - 58 , poisonous – 135, technical – 79 species. The group of medicinal plants is the largest, of which about 100 species are widely used in official medicine. These are golden root, maral root, red root, peony marin root, Ural licorice, oregano, St. John's wort, elecampane and others. There are medicinal plants, the cultivation of which is complex and natural reserves are the only source of raw materials: spring adonis, lingonberry, calamus, yellow egg capsule. Forests of the region. The total area of ​​the forest fund in the region is 4375.1 thousand hectares (26% of the entire territory of the region), including 3635.6 thousand hectares covered with forest. Forest cover in the Altai Territory is 22.1%. Forests are distributed unevenly throughout the region. In the Kulunda steppe and the forest-steppe zone of the left bank of the Ob, forest cover is 12%, in the right bank of the Ob it is 24%, increasing in the mountainous part to 34%. The timber reserve is 527.4 million cubic meters. m. The predominant species in the forests of the region are coniferous - 43.2% (including cedar 1.1%), small-leaved - 56.8%. The average age of plantings is 62.8 years, including coniferous trees - 84.6 years and deciduous trees - 47 years. Based on forestry and forest-economic conditions, the role and importance of forests in the region, 4 forestry districts have been identified: Lentochno-Borovoy, Priobsky, Salairsky and Predgorny. In the Altai Territory, conditions for forest fires occur from April to October inclusive. To eliminate the consequences of forest fires, the loss of plantings from pests and forest diseases, and to increase the forested area, reforestation measures are carried out. The annual volume of reforestation work in the region is over 10 thousand hectares. Mineral resources
The region produces hard and brown coal, iron ores, manganese, chromium, titanium, vanadium, tungsten, bauxite, nickel, cobalt, polymetals, precious metals (gold, silver, platinum), scandium and rare earths, fluorspar, cement raw materials, gypsum. The Altai region is famous for its unique deposits of jasper, porphyry, marble, granite, mineral and drinking underground water, and mineral medicinal mud. Salt lakes contain significant reserves of mineral raw materials for the food and chemical industries: sodium sulfate, table salt, natural soda, magnesium and bromine salts. The raw material base of polymetals of the region is concentrated in 16 deposits with total balance reserves of 70 million tons of ore. The deposits are located compactly, in areas with well-developed infrastructure in the southwestern part of the region. In addition to the main metals - copper, lead, zinc - the ores of the deposits also contain gold, silver, cadmium, bismuth, selenium, thallium, gallium, tellurium, sulfur and other elements (in some deposits - barite). The raw material base of iron (magnetite) ores is represented by two thoroughly explored deposits with total ore reserves of about 490 million tons. The deposits are located in the unallocated subsoil fund. The forecast potential of the raw material base of coal is quite high (200 million tons of hard coal and 600 million tons of brown). The intensification of coal production in the coming years is associated with the Munai lignite deposit. If the entire field with reserves of 34.7 million tons is brought into operation, annual production can be increased to 800 thousand tons or more. Gold is contained in complex polymetallic, actual gold ore and alluvial deposits. Complex polymetallic gold is concentrated in the 16 above-mentioned deposits. Placer gold deposits are concentrated in 17 gold placer nodes, 8 deposits are being developed. 4 deposits of sodium sulfate have been explored with total reserves of 265,309 thousand tons. The lake deposit is being exploited. Kuchuk with a production volume of about 500 thousand tons of sodium sulfate per year. The Altai Territory has mineral waters and medicinal mud, on the basis of which the sanatorium and resort system was developed. The Belokurikha resort widely uses springs with subthermal weakly mineralized weakly radon nitrogen-siliceous waters; the Zavyalovskoye deposit of mineral medicinal table underground waters and medicinal mud of Lake are being developed. Maloe Yarovoye (400 m3/year), they are preparing to develop the deposits of medicinal mud from lake. Gorkoye-Zavyalovskoye and lake. Mormyshanskoe. In recent years, geological exploration work has been carried out for brown coal, manganese, chromium, nickel, cobalt, polymetals, gold, fluorspar, phosphorites, underground drinking and mineral waters, and therapeutic mud. Soil and land resources
The total area of ​​the region's land fund is 15,799.6 thousand hectares. Plowed land – 40.6%. In the Altai Territory, 105.7 thousand hectares are irrigated, of which 99.5 thousand hectares are arable land. There are 8.5 thousand hectares of drained land in the region, the main share is in forage lands - 7.3 thousand hectares. Waterlogged and swampy lands, located mainly in the floodplains of rivers in the forest-steppe zone, are subject to drainage. The soil cover of the Altai Territory is very diverse, represented by thirteen soil types, among which chernozems, gray forest and chestnut soils predominate, occupying 88.5% of the arable land. About half of the arable land has a supply of phosphorus, a third is below average provided with potassium, almost everywhere plants need nitrogen fertilizers and are insufficiently provided with zinc, sulfur, cobalt and molybdenum. Soil acidification. Soils with an acidic environment occupy about 18% of agricultural land and 14.5% of arable land in the region. Salinization, alkalinization of soils. Saline soils in the region occupy 1042.1 thousand hectares, solonetzic soils and solonetzic complexes – 827.2 thousand hectares. At the same time, in agricultural lands there are 982.6 thousand hectares of saline soils and 807.2 thousand hectares of solonetz and solonetz soils. In arable land, saline soils occupy 295.8 thousand hectares, solonetzic and solonetzic complexes – 323.7 thousand hectares. Features of the region's economy
The structure of the gross regional product is significantly dominated by the shares of industry, agriculture, and trade. These types of activities form over 62% of the total GRP. The modern structure of the industrial complex is characterized by a high share of manufacturing industries (over 80% of the volume of shipped goods). The leading types of economic activity in industry are the production of food products, engineering products (carriage, boiler, diesel, agricultural machinery, electrical equipment production), production of coke, rubber and plastic products, as well as chemical production. In recent years, the pace of development of the region's industry has been ahead of the all-Russian one: the volume of production in 2009-2011 increased by 19.1% (in Russia - by 2.7%). Altai Territory is one of the largest food producers in Russia. At the end of 2011, the region produced 32.2% of the all-Russian volume of cereals, wholemeal flour and grain granules; 15.6% cheeses and cheese products; 12.8% flour from grains, vegetables and plant crops; 5.3% butter and oil pastes. The Altai Territory ranks 1st in the Russian Federation in terms of the sown area of ​​grain and leguminous crops. In 2011, the fifth largest grain harvest in Russia was obtained - 4.2 million tons. The Altai Territory is the only region from the Urals to the Far East that grows sugar beets. In 2011, the highest sugar beet harvest in the last 15 years was obtained - 570.8 thousand tons. In terms of production of livestock products, the Altai Territory traditionally occupies a high position among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. At the end of 2011, agricultural producers in the region produced 312.5 thousand tons of livestock and poultry for slaughter (8th place); 1165.6 thousand tons of milk (3rd place); 1055.1 million eggs (15th place). The Altai Territory is located at the intersection of transcontinental transit cargo and passenger flows, in close proximity to large raw materials and processing regions. Highways connecting Russia with Mongolia and Kazakhstan, a railway connecting Central Asia with the Trans-Siberian Railway, and international airlines pass through the territory of the region. The favorable geographical location of the region and its high transport accessibility open up ample opportunities for establishing strong economic and trade ties at the interregional and international levels. The recreational potential, combined with the favorable climate of the south of Western Siberia, and the rich historical and cultural heritage provide an opportunity for the development of various types of tourism and sports and entertainment recreation in the Altai Territory. The policy of the Altai Territory is aimed at creating the most favorable conditions for attracting investment: improving forms of state support for business, developing infrastructure (transport, energy), strengthening the economic position of the region within Russia and abroad, and ensuring law and order.

Brief description of the Altai region

The Altai Territory is located in the southeast of Western Siberia, on the border of continental Asia, 3419 km from Moscow. The territory of the region is 168 thousand square meters. km, in terms of area it ranks 21st in the Russian Federation and 8th in the Siberian Federal District. In the north, the region borders with the Novosibirsk region, in the east - with the Kemerovo region, the south-eastern border passes with the Altai Republic, in the south-west and west - the state border with the Republic of Kazakhstan, the length of which is 843.6 km. At the beginning of 2019, the population was 2.33 million inhabitants (1.6% of the Russian population). A distinctive feature of the region is the high proportion of the rural population - 43.3% (in Russia - 25.4%).

The region is located 10 urban districts And 59 municipal districts. The administrative center is Barnaul.

Two types of landscapes predominate in the region: in the east – mountainous, in the west – flat. The Altai region is characterized by a rich flora and fauna. The region contains almost all natural zones of Russia: steppe and forest-steppe, taiga, mountains and rich river ecosystems.

Altai has huge reserves of various natural resources. Mineral resources are represented by deposits of polymetals, iron, table salt, soda, gypsum, brown coal and precious metals. The region is famous for its unique deposits of jasper, malachite, porphyry, marble, granite, building materials, mineral and drinking waters, and medicinal mud. The region is rich in forest resources. The forest fund makes up more than a quarter of the territory of the region and covers an area of ​​4438 thousand hectares. Of the 13,000 lakes, the largest is Kulundinskoye, with an area of ​​728 square meters. km. The largest rivers are the Ob, Biya, Katun, Alei and Charysh.

The economy of the Altai Territory is an established diversified complex. The structure of the gross regional product is significantly dominated by industry, Agriculture, trade. These types of activities form about 57% of the total GRP.

The modern structure of the region's industrial complex is characterized by high share of manufacturing industries(over 80% of the volume of shipped goods), the leading ones are the production of food products, the production of engineering products (carriage, boiler, diesel, electrical equipment), coke production, as well as chemical production, pharmaceutical production, production of rubber and plastic products.

Altai Territory is the largest producer organic food in Russia: it ranks 1st in the country in terms of production volumes of flour, cereals, including buckwheat, semolina, oatmeal, pearl barley, cheeses and cheese products, dry whey, 2nd place in the production of butter, 3rd place - for the production of pasta.

The agricultural complex is a large sector of the region's economy. The basis of the region's agriculture is cereal production(including durum wheat varieties), cereals and industrial crops, and livestock farming. In terms of arable land area, the Altai Territory is the leader in the Russian Federation; the region accounts for a third of the arable land of the Siberian Federal District. The Altai Territory ranks 1st in the Russian Federation in terms of the sown area of ​​grain and leguminous crops. In 2017, the grain harvest in weight after processing amounted to more than 5.0 million tons (4th place in Russia). The Altai Territory is the only region from the Urals to the Far East that grows sugar beets: in 2018, sugar beet production amounted to 1.0 million tons.

In terms of production of livestock products, the Altai Territory traditionally occupies a high position among the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (4th place in milk production, 5th place in the production of high-quality beef). In terms of the number of cattle in all categories of farms, the region consistently ranks 4th.

The labor resources of the Altai Territory, trained by scientific and educational institutions of various profiles, are characterized by a high professional level and are able to satisfy the need of a developing economy for scientific research and highly qualified personnel for the implementation of innovative projects and the location of technologically new industries.

The Altai Territory is located at the intersection of transcontinental transit cargo and passenger flows, in close proximity to large raw materials and processing regions. Highways connecting Russia with Mongolia and Kazakhstan, a railway connecting Central Asia with the Trans-Siberian Railway, and international airlines pass through the territory of the Altai Territory. In terms of its availability of transport routes, the Altai Territory exceeds the average Russian and Central Siberian indicators. Favorable geographical location of the region and its high transport accessibility open up wide opportunities for establishing strong economic and trade ties at the interregional and international levels.

The recreational potential, combined with the favorable climate of the south of Western Siberia, and the rich historical and cultural heritage provide an opportunity for development in the Altai Territory various types of tourism and sports and recreational recreation.

In 2018, the region was awarded leading awards in the tourism industry at the Russian level. The Altai Territory is the winner of the National Geographic Traveler Awards 2018 in the Russian Wellness Vacation category, ahead of the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Stavropol and Khabarovsk Territories.

According to the results of the finals of the National Award in the field of event tourism “Russian Event Awards 2018”, four projects of the Altai Territory became winners: the Grand Prix in the nomination “Best Tourist Event Based on a Natural Phenomenon or Geographical Location” was won by the “Elephant Bloom” holiday, first place in in the nomination “Best project in the field of popularization of event tourism” the holiday “Altai wintering” took 3rd place in the nomination “Best natural and recreational area for holding tourist events” went to the Valley of Family Holidays “Altai Kholmogorye”, in the nomination “Best regional tourism calendar” events" is recognized as the "Event Calendar of the Altai Territory".

Events of the Altai Territory were included in the National Calendar of Russia in 2019, four events of the region were included in the TOP-200 best event projects in Russia, which were given the status of “National Event 2019”: the festival “Blossom of the Maralnik”, the All-Russian festival of traditional culture “Russia Day on the Turquoise Katun” , international gastronomic festival “AH! FEST", holiday "Altai wintering".

The region is not only a recognized health resort in Siberia, but also one of the largest resort centers in the Russian Federation, including 42 sanatorium-resort complexes with 9 thousand places for one-time accommodation, including 7 children's institutions, where more than 200 thousand people recover their health annually.

The edge has valuable healing resources, mineral medicinal and medicinal table waters, sulfide silt mud, and medicinal plants are used. The undisputed leader of the sanatorium and resort complex of the region is the resort town of Belokurikha, which over the past six years has been recognized as the best federal resort in Russia. The Rossiya sanatorium, located at this resort, is recognized as the best medical hotel in the country in terms of accommodation, treatment, food, hotel location, comfort and safety of various categories of guests, and variety of services.

Currently, the region is developing tourist-recreational cluster "Belokurikha", the formation of which involves the formation of two subclusters and the implementation of investment projects for the construction of tourism infrastructure, the commissioning of more than 3 thousand comfortable accommodation places. The largest of them is the Belokurikha-2 subcluster - a project to create a unique multifunctional resort on a Russian scale in the foothills of the region, 10 km from the city of Belokurikha. Thanks to the commissioning of a serpentine highway with a length of 7.7 km in the city. Belokurikha - resort subcluster "Belokurikha-2", the completion of the engineering development of the site, including a new electrical grid complex, gas pipeline, water supply and sewerage networks, made it possible for massive construction of facilities and attraction of large investments: the Altai Mountains ski and biathlon complex was put into operation for year-round educational and training sessions for athletes of various qualifications in biathlon, cross-country skiing, shooting, cyclo-cross, and athletics; the mountain ski complex “Mount Mishina” began operation - the highest ski complex in the Altai Territory, which includes two kilometer-long slopes, a double rope-to-bar lift, a rental point, parking, a cafe, an illuminated tubing track equipped with a lift; The historical and architectural complex "Andreevskaya Sloboda" and the chocolate museum were opened; hotel buildings and a boarding house with health and nutrition facilities were built.

In 2018, the creation of tourist and recreational cluster "Barnaul - mining city", which will allow to revive the historical center of the regional capital and modernize the engineering infrastructure.

The formation and development of the autotourist cluster “Golden Gate” (Biysk) and the sports and tourism cluster “Tyagun” (Zarinsky district) continued.

Altai region- a subject of the Russian Federation, formed on September 28, 1937. The administrative center is the city of Barnaul.

It borders in the south and west with the East Kazakhstan and Pavlodar regions of Kazakhstan, in the north and northeast with the Novosibirsk and Kemerovo regions, in the southeast with the Altai Republic.

Dossier

History - Altai Territory

• The territory of the Altai Territory has been inhabited since Ice Age more than half a million years ago (Karama site).
• Neanderthals lived in Denisova Cave about 280,000 years ago, about 40 thousand years ago. n. Denisovan man lived in the cave.
• In the Okladnikov Cave there are 38 thousand years. n. Neanderthals lived, and 24 thousand years ago. n. - anatomically modern people.
• The first state on the territory of southern Siberia arose in the 4th-3rd centuries BC. e. Ancient Chinese chronicles called its creators the people “Dinlin”, and the state - “Dinling-guo”.
• Around 201 BC e. the state of Dingling was defeated by the troops of the Xiongnu, an ancient nomadic people, from 220 BC. e. to 2nd century AD e. inhabited the steppes north of China.
• The Xiongnu waged active wars with the Chinese Han Empire, during which they consolidated into a single power that subjugated the tribes of neighboring nomads. Mongolian scholars argue that the Xiongnu was a proto-Mongol state, but some scholars believe that the Xiongnu was a proto-Turkic state.
• After the defeat of Dinlin by Xiongnu troops, the Turkic-speaking Kyrgyz tribe moved to the Khakass-Minusinsk basin.
• In 93, at the Battle of Ikh-Bayan, a coalition of Hans, Mongol-speaking Xianbis, Dinglins and Czechs defeated the Xiongnu, after which the Xianbi began to occupy Xiongnu lands, and some of the Huns joined the Xianbi. The former Xiongnu lands came under the control of the Xianbi (93-234). In the middle of the 3rd century, the Xianbi power collapsed.
• In the 4th-6th centuries, the territory of the Altai Territory was part of the Mongol-speaking Rouran Khaganate (330-555).
• In the 6th-7th centuries, the Kyrgyz and their subordinate taiga peoples formed a peripheral inheritance of the Central Asian states, headed by a governor, Elteber.
• In the 8th century - a separatist region led by its own beks and inals, claiming the dignity of khan (see Bars Kagan).
• In the 9th century - a rapidly expanding aggressive steppe empire with the deified Kagan family.
• In 840, the Kyrgyz Khaganate destroyed the Uyghur Khaganate, extending its power to Tuva and Mongolia. Pursuing the remnants of the Uyghurs, the Kyrgyz fought their way to the Irtysh and Amur, and invaded the oases of Eastern Turkestan. V.V. Bartold called this period of history “the Kyrgyz great power.”
• The Kyrgyz provided the state with senior military and administrative leaders. They were considered connected both dynastically and through marriage with the ruling houses of China and other neighboring countries.
• In a harsh struggle with aggressive neighbors (Turkic and Uyghur Khaganates), the Kyrgyz state defended its independence until the 13th century, which became a turning point in the independent development of Sayan-Altai.
• The Kyrgyz state is losing territory in Mongolia. The Kyrgyz retain two main areas of their settlement: 1) Upper and Middle Yenisei; 2) Altai and Irtysh. Subsequently, the ethnic paths of the Yenisei Kyrgyz and the future Kyrgyz of the Tien Shan diverged.
• At the beginning of the 13th century, the territory of the Altai Territory was part of the Great Mongol Empire.
• XIV century - The Mongol Empire broke up into separate states. The territory of the Altai Territory was part of the Mongol Dzungar Khanate until 1758.

Altai mountain district

• The settlement of the Upper Ob region and the Altai foothills by Russians began in the 2nd half of the 17th century.
• The development of Altai began after the Beloyarsk (1717) and Bikatun (1709) fortresses were built to protect against the warlike Dzungar nomads. In order to explore valuable ore deposits, search parties were sent to Altai.
• The father and son Kostylevs are considered the discoverers; later the Ural breeder Akinfiy Demidov took advantage of the discoveries.
• In the 1730s, Barnaul was founded as a village at the silver smelter of Akinfiy Demidov, which acquired the status of a city in 1771, and became the capital of the Altai Territory in 1937. Located in the south of Western Siberia at the confluence of the Barnaulka River and the Ob.
• Formed by the 2nd half of the 18th century, the Altai Mountain District is a territory that included the current Altai Territory, Novosibirsk and Kemerovo, part of the Tomsk and East Kazakhstan regions with a total area of ​​over 500 thousand km² and a population of more than 130 thousand souls of both sexes.
• At the end of the 19th century, the territory of present-day Altai was part of the Tomsk province.
• In 1991, the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Region left the Altai Territory and was transformed into an independent subject of the Russian Federation - the Altai Republic.
• After the collapse of the USSR, the regional economy entered a protracted crisis associated with the loss of state orders in industry and the unprofitability of agricultural production, which continued until the early 2000s. The discontent of the population and the resulting political sentiments contributed to the fact that for a long time the Altai Territory was part of the so-called “red belt” - here the majority of power structures remained with leftist forces. In 1996, the informal leader of the left forces, Alexander Surikov, became the governor of the region, and his associate Alexander Nazarchuk took the place of chairman of the Legislative Assembly.
• In 2004, the famous pop artist and film actor Mikhail Evdokimov won the election for governor of the Altai Territory. A year and a half later, he died in a car accident near Biysk. Since 2005, the head of the region has been Alexander Karlin.

Altai Territory: Geographical location

The Altai Territory is located in the southeast of Western Siberia between 50 and 55 degrees north latitude and 77 and 87 degrees east longitude. The length of the territory from west to east is about 600 km, from north to south - about 400 km. The distance from Barnaul to Moscow in a straight line is about 2940 km, by road - about 3400 km.

Altai Krai: Climate

The climate of the Altai Territory is temperate, transitional to continental, and is formed as a result of frequent changes in air masses coming from the Atlantic, Arctic, Eastern Siberia and Central Asia. The absolute annual amplitude of air temperature reaches 90-95 °C. Average annual temperatures are positive, 0.5-2.1 °C. Average maximum temperatures in July are +26…+28 °C, extreme temperatures reach +40…+42 °C. Average minimum temperatures in January are −20… −24 °C, absolute winter minimum −50… −55 °C. The frost-free period lasts about 120 days

Altai Territory: Ecological state

The state of atmospheric air is largely determined by the location and concentration of environmentally active sectors of material production, the level of purification of industrial emissions from pollutants, the concentration and congestion of transport routes. At the enterprises of the region, gas purification plants capture 64% of pollutants released into the atmosphere. More than 560 thousand vehicles are used in the region, the emissions of harmful substances of which account for more than 45% of total air pollution, including: carbon monoxide - 69%, nitrogen oxides - 37%, hydrocarbons - 92%.

The main polluters of water bodies in the Altai Territory are chemical and petrochemical enterprises, mechanical engineering, and thermal power engineering. A particular problem is the damage caused to small rivers from shallowing and pollution. Due to the reduction in forest cover, there is an increase in water erosion, causing shallowing of the riverbed. Numerous small lakes are subject to pollution by household wastewater from settlements and livestock farms.

A number of settlements in the Altai Territory are officially recognized as affected by radiation as a result of nuclear weapons testing at the test site near Semipalatinsk.

In addition, launch trajectories of launch vehicles from the cosmodrome pass over the territory of the Altai Territory, as a result of which rocket fuel products and parts of stages burned in the atmosphere fall to the surface.

Specially protected natural areas

Currently, in the Altai Territory there are practically no original natural landscapes preserved; all of them have experienced the impact of economic activity or the transfer of substances by water and air flows. To preserve the diversity of flora and fauna, it is planned to create an extensive network of specially protected natural areas (SPNA): reserves, national parks, sanctuaries, and natural monuments.

There are currently no national parks in the region. On the territory of the region there are 51 natural monuments, 1 natural park (Aya Natural Park), 1 reserve (Tigireksky), 35 reserves.

The total area of ​​protected areas is 725 thousand hectares or less than 5% of the region’s area (the world standard is 10% of the area of ​​a region with developed agriculture and industry), which is significantly lower than the average for Russia and is not enough to maintain landscape-ecological balance in the biosphere.

Natural monuments are individual irreplaceable natural objects taken under protection that have scientific, historical, cultural and aesthetic significance (caves, geological outcrops, waterfalls, mineral springs, paleontological objects, individual ancient trees, etc.). In the Altai Territory, 100 natural monuments have been approved, of which 54 are geological, 31 water, 14 botanical and 1 complex. Currently, areas of plants and habitats of animals classified as rare or endangered, which do not have the status of specially protected areas, have been identified.

Population - Altai Territory

According to Rosstat, the population of the region is 2,390,638 people. (2014). Population density - 14.23 people/km2 (2014). Urban population - 55.68% (2013).

National composition

More than 100 nationalities live in the Altai Territory: 94% of the population are Russians, the next largest are Germans (2%), Ukrainians (1.4%); all others - 3%.

According to the results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census, the quantitative national composition of the region’s population was as follows:

• Russians - 2,234,324 (93.9%)
• Germans - 50,701 (2.1%)
• Ukrainians - 32,226 (1.4%)
• Kazakhs - 7979 (0.3%)
• Armenians - 7640 (0.3%)
• Tatars - 6794 (0.3%)
• Belarusians - 4591 (0.2%)
• Altaians - 1763 (0.1%)
• Kumandy - 1401 (0.1%)

Religion

There are many religious communities in the Altai Territory. The largest is Orthodox. Today there are Catholic and Lutheran communities that resumed their activities in the 1960s. In addition, in the region there are parishes and associations of various religious movements - Pentecostals, Evangelical Christians-Baptists, Seventh-day Adventists, Jehovah's Witnesses, the Church of Christ, the Society for Krishna Consciousness, etc.

Authorities

The head of the executive power of the Altai Territory is the head of the regional administration (governor). The administration is the executive body, the legal successor of the regional executive committee. After the death of M. S. Evdokimov in 2005, A. B. Karlin was approved for the post on the recommendation of the President of the Russian Federation.

The representative body of the legislative power is the Altai Regional Legislative Assembly. It consists of 68 deputies elected by the population of the region in elections for a period of 4 years - one half in single-mandate constituencies, the other half according to party lists.

Chairman of the Legislative Assembly - I. I. Loor. In the elections held in 2011, the United Russia party won, receiving 48 seats in the regional parliament; 5 people represent the A Just Russia party; 9 - the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and 6 - the Liberal Democratic Party.

In the State Duma of the 6th convocation (2011-2016), the Altai Territory is represented by 7 deputies: from “United Russia” - Alexander Prokopyev and Nikolay Gerasimenko; from “A Just Russia” -; from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation - Mikhail Zapolev and Serey Yurchenko; and from the LDPR - Vladimir Semyonov. There are 2 representatives of the region working in the Federation Council - Sergei Belousov and Yuri Shamkov.

Administrative division

On the territory of the Altai Territory:

• 12 cities,
• 1 THEN,
• 60 municipal districts.

The administrative center of the Altai Territory is the city of Barnaul.

How can the Altai Territory attract tourists? Everyone. Without exaggeration: this fertile land has stunning nature and ecology, and tourism in its Soviet, “hiking” sense of the word can be practiced here for years on end. Clear skies overhead and many sunny days, clean ionized air, clear mountain rivers, healing springs and mud, a huge number of caves to explore, an incredible number of lakes for fishing, swimming and anything else... And with the advent of new tourist areas, there are also opportunities for a full-fledged beach holiday with all the appropriate infrastructure - this is what the Altai Territory can offer to a vacationer.

Today, in the Altai Territory, the traveler receives the best mix that a tourist could wish for: unique local specifics plus familiar home comforts. Every year more and more funds are invested in the development of the region’s tourism infrastructure, thanks to which even foreign guests have begun to come here. And outstanding landscapes, special culture and even cuisine are the “tricks” that make a holiday here different (from others) and memorable for a long time.

The regional center is Barnaul. Large cities: Biysk, Rubtsovsk, Novoaltaisk, Zarinsk, Kamen-on-Obi.

Time difference with Moscow

It is 4 hours ahead of Moscow.

How to get there

The airport, located 17 km from the center of Barnaul, receives planes from Krasnoyarsk, Blagoveshchensk, Irkutsk, Nizhnevartovsk, St. Petersburg, Sochi, Surgut and, of course, Moscow. You can get from it to the city by regular buses or taxis.

There are also direct trains to Barnaul from Moscow, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, and cities of Central Asia.

Search for air tickets to the city of Barnaul (the nearest airport to the Altai Territory)

Weather in Altai Krai

The climate in Altai is sharply continental. The weather can be unstable, with frequent temperature changes at any time of the year, strong winds and precipitation. The plains usually have warm summers and harsh winters; sharp cold snaps are possible in early June and late August. In the foothills and low mountains of Altai, winters are noticeably milder and summers are significantly cooler; there is a lot of precipitation, especially in the cold season, and a thick snow cover is formed.

Dust storms occur in the Kulunda desert, most often in May. And in November, February and March, instead of them, snowstorms and blizzards often rage.

Guides in the Altai Territory

Popular hotels in Altai Krai

Entertainment and attractions of the Altai Territory

Within the city limits of Barnaul there are a number of cultural and architectural monuments, and examples of historical buildings have been preserved. Museums of the city: Altai State Museum of Local Lore, State Art Museum of the Altai Territory, State Museum of the History of Literature, Art and Culture of Altai.

Biysk, the second largest city in the Altai Territory, has many attractions. Among other things, picturesque mansions built in Art Nouveau and eclectic styles have been preserved there. Trips to the Altai Mountains, to Lake Teletskoye, to the Belokurikha resort and Lake Aya start from Biysk. City museums: Museum of Local Lore named after. V. Bianki, Chuisky Tract Museum.

Denisova Cave and Shinok Waterfall

Archaeological research has been carried out in Denisova Cave for many years: more than 20 cultural layers dating back to different eras have already been discovered there. The oldest artifacts are about 300 thousand years old. And 15 km from Denisova Cave there is a cascade of waterfalls on the Shinok River, the largest in the Altai Territory. The three-stage waterfall has a total height of about 70 meters.

Just think: in the Charysh caves the remains of extinct animals were found - that same legendary mammoth, as well as a woolly rhinoceros, bison, cave hyena and fossil deer.

Kulunda steppe

The Kulunda steppe, located in the southeast of the West Siberian Lowland, is deservedly called the “land of a thousand lakes.” The largest of them are Kulundinskoye, Kuchukskoye, Burlinskoye, Bolshoye and Maloye Yarovoe.

Charysh caves

In the Charysh caves, the remains of extinct animals were found: mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, bison, cave hyena, fossil deer, as well as bones of now extinct animals that inhabited the Altai Mountains in the century before last.

Royal Kurgan

The archaeological complex of the Tsarsky Mound is located in the valley of the Sentelek River. This large mound, the only one in the Altai region, was erected back in the 5th century BC. e. group of Sentelec clans. A circumferential ring of slabs, an inner ring and the most remarkable part of the funeral and memorial complex have been preserved here - a row of 19 of the tallest steles in Altai, up to 4.5 m high.

The subject of the Russian Federation
Altai region
Flag Coat of arms
Administrative center
Square	22nd
Total - % aq. pov	167,996 km² 2,63
Population
Total - Density	↘ 2 350 080 (2018) 13.99 people/km²
Total, at current prices	RUB 498.8 billion (2016)
Per capita	210.4 thousand rub.
Federal District	Siberian
Economic region	West Siberian
Governor	Victor Tomenko
Code of the subject of the Russian Federation	22
Code according to ISO 3166-2	RU-ALT
OKATO code	01
Timezone	MSK+4
Awards
Official site	altairegion22.ru

Baschelaksky ridge in Charysh district

Altai region(unofficially: Altai) - subject Included in the Siberian Federal District, is part of the West Siberian economic region.

It borders with the Altai Republic, Novosibirsk and Kemerovo regions of Russia, Pavlodar and East Kazakhstan regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Physiographic characteristics

Geographical position

Entry into the Altai Territory from the Altai Republic on the border of Soloneshensky and Ust-Kansky districts

The Altai Territory is located in the southeast of Western Siberia between 50 and 55 degrees north latitude and 77 and 87 degrees east longitude. The length of the territory from west to east is about 600 km, from north to south about 400 km. The distance from to in a straight line is about 2940 km, along roads about 3600 km.

Timezone

Until March 27, 2016, it was in the Omsk time zone (MSK+3; UTC+6), after which the region, in accordance with amendments to the federal law “On the Calculation of Time,” moved to Krasnoyarsk time (MSK+4; UTC+7). The region was also in this time zone until May 28, 1995.

Relief

Physical map of the Altai Territory

The territory of the region belongs to two physical countries: the West Siberian Plain and the Altai - Sayan Mountains. The mountainous part covers the plain on the eastern and southern sides - the Salair Ridge and the foothills of Altai. The western and central parts are predominantly flat: the Ob Plateau, the Biysk-Chumysh Upland, the Kulundinskaya Plain. The region contains almost all natural zones of Russia: steppe and forest-steppe, taiga and mountains. The flat part of the region is characterized by the development of steppe and forest-steppe natural zones, with ribbon forests, a developed ravine-gully network, lakes and forests.

Climate

The climate is significantly heterogeneous, which is due to the diversity of geographical conditions. The foothill and Ob regions have a temperate climate, transitional to sharply continental, which is formed as a result of frequent changes in air masses coming from the Atlantic, Arctic, Eastern Siberia and Central Asia. The absolute annual amplitude of air temperature reaches 90-95 °C. Average annual temperatures are positive, from +0.5 to +2.1 °C. Average maximum temperatures in July are +26…+28 °C, extreme temperatures reach +40…+42 °C. Average minimum temperatures in January are −20… −24 °C, absolute winter minimum −50… −55 °C. The frost-free period lasts about 120 days. The driest and hottest part is the western lowland part. Here the climate is sharply continental in places. To the east and southeast there is an increase in precipitation from 230 mm to 600-700 mm per year. The average annual temperature rises in the southwest of the region. Due to the presence of a mountain barrier in the southeast of the region, the dominant west-east transport of air masses acquires a southwestern direction. During the summer months, northerly winds are frequent. In 20-45% of cases, wind speeds in southwestern and western directions exceed 6 m/s. In the steppe regions of the region, the occurrence of dry winds is associated with increased winds. In the winter months, during periods of active cyclonic activity, snowstorms are observed everywhere in the region, the frequency of which is 30-50 days a year.

The Altai and Smolensk regions are characterized by the mildest climate, and the Kulundinsky and Klyuchevskoy regions are characterized by the harshest climate. The highest air temperatures in summer are observed in Uglovsky and Mikhailovsky districts, the lowest in winter - in Eltsovsky, Zalesovsky, Zarinsky. The greatest amount of precipitation falls in the Krasnogorsk, Altai and Soloneshensky districts, the least in the Uglovsky district and the western part of the Rubtsovsky district. The highest average annual wind speed is observed in the Blagoveshchensk region, the lowest in the Biysk region.

Snow cover is established on average in the second ten days of November and is destroyed in the first ten days of April. The height of the snow cover averages 40-60 cm, in the western regions it decreases to 20-30 cm. The depth of soil freezing is 50-80 cm; in steppe areas bare of snow, freezing to a depth of 2-2.5 m is possible.

Hydrography

The water resources of the Altai Territory are represented by surface and groundwater. The largest rivers (out of 17 thousand): Ob, Biya, Katun, Chumysh, Alei and Charysh. Of the 13 thousand lakes, the largest is Kulunda Lake, its area is 728 km². The main water artery of the region: the Ob River, 493 km long within the region, formed from the confluence of the Biya and Katun rivers. The Ob basin occupies 70% of the region's territory.

Valley of the Katun River

Flora and fauna

The diversity of zonal and intrazonal landscapes of the Altai Territory contributes to the species diversity of the animal world. The fauna includes 89 species of mammals from 6 orders and 22 families, more than 320 species of birds from 19 orders, 9 species of reptiles, 7 species of amphibians, 1 species of cyclostomes and 33 species of fish.

About 2,000 species of higher vascular plants grow here, which accounts for two-thirds of the species diversity of Western Siberia. Among them are representatives of endemic and relict species. Particularly valuable ones include: golden root (Rhodiola rosea), maral root (Raponticum safflower), red root (forgotten kopeck), Maryin root (Elecampane), Ural licorice, oregano, St. John's wort, elecampane and others.

The forest fund occupies 26% of the region's area.

Minerals

In addition, launch trajectories of launch vehicles from the Baikonur Cosmodrome pass over the region’s territory, as a result of which rocket fuel products and parts of stages burned in the atmosphere fall to the surface.

Specially protected natural areas

View of the resort town of Belokurikha from Tserkovka Mountain

At present, the original natural landscapes have practically not been preserved; they have all experienced the impact of economic activity or the transfer of substances by water and air flows. To preserve the diversity of flora and fauna, it is planned to create an extensive network of specially protected natural areas (SPNA): reserves, national parks, sanctuaries, and natural monuments.

On the territory of the region there are 51 natural monuments, the Aya natural park, the Tigireksky reserve and 35 reserves:

• Aleussky reserve,
• Baschelaksky reserve,
• Blagoveshchensky reserve,
• Bobrovsky reserve,
• Bolsherechensky reserve,
• Volchikhinsky reserve,
• Egoryevsky reserve,
• Yeltsovsky reserve,
• Zavyalovsky reserve,
• Zalesovsky reserve,
• Cascade of waterfalls on the Shinok River,
• Kasmalinsky reserve,
• Kislukhinsky reserve,
• Kornilovsky reserve,
• Kulundinsky reserve,
• Swan Sanctuary,
• Livlyandsky reserve,
• Loktevsky reserve,
• Mamontovsky reserve,
• Mikhailovsky reserve,
• Neninsky reserve,
• Obsky reserve,
• Lake Big Tassor,
• Muskrat reserve,
• Pankrushikhinsky reserve,
• Struya Peninsula,
• Sary-Chumyshsky reserve,
• Sokolovsky reserve,
• Suetsky reserve,
• Togulsky reserve,
• Urzhumsky reserve,
• Lyapunikha tract,
• Ust-Chumyshsky reserve,
• Charyshsky reserve,
• Chinetinsky reserve.

The total area of ​​specially protected natural areas is 725 thousand hectares or less than 5% of the region’s area (world standard: 10% of the area of ​​the region with developed agriculture and industry), which is significantly lower than the average for Russia and is not enough to maintain landscape-ecological balance in the biosphere.

In the Altai Territory, 100 natural monuments have been approved, of which 54 are geological, 31 water, 14 botanical and 1 complex. Currently, areas of plants and habitats of animals classified as rare or endangered, which do not have the status of specially protected areas, have been identified.

Story

The settlement of the territory of the Altai Territory began in the Paleolithic, for which the Karama site, Okladnikov, Denisova, Chagyrskaya and Hyena Lair caves are known. The remains of representatives of three species of the human race have been discovered: Neanderthals, Homo sapiens and Denisovans.

Altai mountain district

Barnaul at the beginning of the 20th century

The settlement of the Upper Ob region and the Altai foothills by Russians began in the 2nd half of the 17th century.

The development of Altai began after the Beloyarsk (1709) and Beloyarsk (1717) fortresses were built to protect against the warlike Dzungar nomads. In order to explore valuable ore deposits, search parties were sent to Altai.

The father and son Kostylevs are considered the discoverers; later the Ural breeder Akinfiy Demidov took advantage of their discoveries.

In the 1730s, it was founded as a village at the silver smelter of Akinfiy Demidov, which acquired the status of a city in 1771, and became the capital of the Altai Territory in 1937. Located in the south of Western Siberia at the confluence of the Barnaulka River and the Ob.

The Altai Mountain District, formed by the 2nd half of the 18th century, is a territory that included the current Altai Territory, and part of regions with a total area of ​​over 500 thousand km² and a population of more than 130 thousand souls of both sexes.

Water transport was improved. The Stolypin land reform gave impetus to the resettlement movement to Altai, which generally contributed to the economic growth of the region.

The revolution of 1917 and the subsequent Civil War led to the establishment of Soviet power in Altai. In July 1917, the Altai province was formed with its center in, which existed until 1925. From 1925 to 1930, the territory was part of the Siberian Territory (the regional center is the city), and from 1930 to 1937 it was part of the West Siberian Territory (the regional center is the city). In 1937, the Altai Territory was formed (the center is the city).

The outbreak of the Great Patriotic War required a restructuring of the entire economy. Altai received more than 100 evacuated enterprises from the western regions of the country, including 24 factories of national importance. At the same time, the region remained one of the main breadbaskets of the country, being a major producer of bread, meat, butter, honey, wool, etc. 15 formations, 4 regiments and 48 battalions were formed on its territory. In total, more than 550 thousand people went to the front, of which 283 thousand died or went missing.

In the post-war decades, a period of mass development of new equipment and technologies began. The growth rate of the region's industry was several times higher than the Union average. Thus, at the Altaiselmash plant in the mid-1950s, the first automatic line for the production of shares in the USSR came into operation, the Biysk Boiler Plant for the first time in the history of boiler manufacturing used a production line for the production of boiler drums, and the Barnaul Mechanical Press Plant introduced the design of new coining presses with a pressure of 1000-2000 tons. By the beginning of the 1960s, the region produced more than 80% of tractor plows and over 30% of freight cars and steam boilers produced by that time in the RSFSR.

At the same time, in the 1950-1960s, the development of virgin lands in the western steppe part of the region began. In total, 2.9 million hectares were plowed, 78 large state farms were created. Over the course of several years, about 350 thousand people from different regions of the country (Ural, Kuban), including 50 thousand young specialists on Komsomol vouchers, arrived in Altai to participate in these large-scale works. In 1956, the region harvested a record harvest: more than 7 million tons of grain, for which the region was awarded the Order of Lenin. The Altai Territory received the second Order of Lenin in 1970.

In the 1970-1980s, there was a transition from separately operating enterprises and industries to the formation of territorial production complexes: agricultural-industrial hubs, production and production-scientific associations. Rubtsovsko-Loktevsky, Slavgorod-Blagoveshchensky, Zarinsko-Sorokinsky, Barnaul-Novoaltaysky, Aleysky, Kamensky and Biysky agro-industrial complexes were created. In 1972, construction of the Altai Coke and Chemical Plant began, and in 1981 the first coke was produced.

Modern period

In 1991, the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Region left the Altai Territory and was transformed into an independent subject of the Russian Federation:.

After the collapse of the USSR, the regional economy entered a protracted crisis associated with the loss of government orders in industry and the unprofitability of agricultural production, which continued until the early 2000s. The discontent of the population and the resulting political sentiments contributed to the fact that for a long time the Altai Territory was part of the so-called “red belt”; here the majority in the power structures remained with the left forces. In 1996, the informal leader of the left forces, Alexander Surikov, became the governor of the region, and his associate Alexander Nazarchuk took the place of chairman of the Legislative Assembly.

The regional budget was in deficit for a long time, and the economy and social sector were supported by subsidies from the federal center and loans. For example, due to the Semipalatinsk program to compensate for damage from testing at the nuclear test site, about 400 social facilities were built: outpatient clinics, schools, hospitals. At one time, the budget of the Semipalatinsk program amounted to a third of the region's budget. The gasification of the region, which began in 1996, played a positive role; main gas pipelines were built, and the conversion of boiler houses to a new type of fuel began. Over 14 years, more than 2,300 kilometers of gas distribution networks were installed.

In 2004, the famous pop artist and film actor Mikhail Evdokimov won the election for governor of the Altai Territory. A year and a half later, he died in a car accident. Since 2005, the head of the region has been Alexander Karlin. In 2014, he won the gubernatorial elections, which were resumed in Russia after 2004.

Population

According to Rosstat, the population of the region is 2,350,080 people. (2018). Population density: 13.99 people/km (2018). Urban population: 56.44% (2018).

National composition

More than 100 nationalities live in the Altai Territory: 94% of the population are Russians, the next largest are Germans (2%), Ukrainians (1.4%); all others - 3%.

According to the results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census, the quantitative national composition of the region’s population was as follows:

• Russians - 2,234,324 (93.9%),
• Germans - 50,701 (2.1%),
• Ukrainians - 32,226 (1.4%),
• Kazakhs - 7979 (0.3%),
• Armenians - 7640 (0.3%),
• Tatars - 6794 (0.3%),
• Belarusians - 4591 (0.2%),
• Altaians - 1763 (0.1%),
• Kumandins - 1401 (0.1%).

Religion

There are many religious communities in the Altai Territory. The largest: Orthodox. There are Catholic and Lutheran communities that resumed their activities in the 1960s. In addition, there are parishes and associations of various religious movements: Pentecostals, Evangelical Christians-Baptists, Seventh-day Adventists, Church of Christ, Society for Krishna Consciousness, etc.

Authorities

The head of the executive power of the Altai Territory is the head of the regional administration (governor). The administration is the executive body, the legal successor of the regional executive committee.

The representative body of the legislative power is the Altai Regional Legislative Assembly. It consists of 68 deputies elected by the population of the region in elections for a period of 4 years: one half from single-mandate constituencies, the other from party lists. Chairman of the Legislative Assembly - Alexander Romanenko. In the elections held in 2011, the United Russia party won, receiving 48 seats in the regional parliament; 5 people represent the A Just Russia party; 9 - the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and 6 - the Liberal Democratic Party.

In the State Duma of the 6th convocation (2011-2016), the Altai Territory is represented by 7 deputies: from United Russia - Sergei Neverov, Alexander Prokopyev and Nikolai Gerasimenko; from “A Just Russia” - Alexander Terentyev; from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation - Mikhail Zapolev and Sergey Yurchenko; and from the LDPR - Vladimir Semyonov. There are two representatives of the region, Sergei Belousov and Mikhail Shchetinin, working in the Federation Council.

• See also: Leaders of the Altai Territory

Heraldry

Flag

The flag of the Altai Territory is a red cloth with a blue stripe at the pole and a stylized image on this stripe of a yellow ear, as a symbol of agriculture. In the center of the flag is the image of the coat of arms of the Altai Territory.

Coat of arms

The coat of arms of the Altai Territory was approved in 2000. It is a shield of the French heraldic form, the base of which is equal to eight-ninths of the height, with a point protruding in the middle of the lower part of the shield. The lower corners of the shield are rounded. It is divided by a horizontal strip into 2 equal parts. In the upper part of the coat of arms, on an azure background, symbolizing greatness, a smoking blast furnace of the 18th century is depicted, as a reflection of the historical past of the Altai region. At the bottom of the coat of arms, on a red (scarlet) background, symbolizing dignity, bravery and courage, there is an image of the Kolyvan queen of vases (jasper with a predominance of green), which is kept in the State Hermitage. The shield of the coat of arms is framed by a wreath of golden ears of wheat, personifying agriculture as the leading sector of the economy of the Altai Territory. The wreath is intertwined with an azure ribbon.

Administrative division

The length of public roads is 15.5 thousand km. All regional centers are connected to paved roads. Federal highways pass through the territory of the region:

• R-256“Chuysky tract” Novosibirsk - Biysk - state border with Mongolia,
• A-322 Barnaul - Rubtsovsk - state border with the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Public passenger transport serves 78% of all populated areas. Trams and trolleybuses operate in (see Barnaul tram, Barnaul trolleybus), (see Biysk tram), (see Rubtsovsky trolleybus). There are 12.5 thousand (2006) enterprises operating in the road transportation market, which provide 886 routes, of which 220 are urban, 272 are suburban and 309 are intercity. In addition, there are 8 bus stations and 47 passenger bus stations.

Barnaul airport provides air connections with 30 cities in other regions of the country and abroad. There are plans to revive Biysk Airport. Today, Rubtsovsky airfield is considered abandoned.

The total length of shipping lines is about 650 km. A sixth of the region’s territory with a population of approximately 1 million people is located in the water transport service zone. Navigation is developed along the rivers Ob, Biya, Katun, Chumysh, Charysh. Main category of cargo: grain, construction materials, coal. There are specialized marinas and river stations on the rivers.

Science and education

Altai State University

In 2010, higher education in the Altai Territory is provided in 12 state universities, as well as several branches and representative offices of universities from other regions.

The largest universities and institutes are located in. Among them, Altai State University, Altai State Technical University, Altai State Agrarian University, Altai State Medical University, Altai State Pedagogical University, Altai State Institute of Culture, Altai Academy of Economics and Law, Altai Economics and Law Institute, Altai Institute of Financial Management and Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

In addition, there are branches and representative offices of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, the Altai Institute of Economics of the St. Petersburg Academy of Management and Economics, the Leningrad State Regional University, the Moscow State University of Culture and Arts, the Barnaul branch of the Modern Humanitarian Academy .

In Barnaul there are 11 design and design and survey institutes and their branches and 13 research institutes.

Among the Barnaul research institutes, which are leaders in their fields: Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia named after. M. A. Lisavenko (with his arboretum in the Upland part of the city), Institute of Water and Environmental Problems SB RAS, Altai Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Altai Research Institute of Agriculture, Altai Research Institute of Aquatic Bioresources and Aquaculture, Siberian Research Institute of Cheese Making of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Agricultural Academy.

About 3,700 people are engaged in scientific research at universities and research organizations, including more than 250 doctors of science and almost 1,500 candidates of science.

Altai State Technical University opened the Altai Technopolis at its base, which unites high-tech enterprises. Altai State University organized the Research Institute of Science and Global Studies.

Barnaul Planetarium is one of the oldest in Russia, opened in 1950. In 1964, the “Little Zeiss” apparatus from the German company Carl Zeiss Jena was installed in the planetarium hall.

Biysk is home to the Altai State Academy of Education named after V.M. Shukshin (AGAO), Biysk Technological Institute of Altai State Technical University, Institute of Problems of Chemical-Energy Technologies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCET SB RAS) . Currently, this city is the largest science city in the Russian Federation in terms of population. The status of a science city of the Russian Federation was assigned to the city by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 21, 2005 No. 688 and retained for another 5 years by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2011 No. 216. Along with Barnaul, Biysk is a significant scientific and educational center of the region. Significant scientific and technical potential is concentrated here: highly qualified personnel, modern technological and experimental base, social and production infrastructure that ensures scientific research and development and obtaining scientific and technical results that are significant at the world level. Over the past five years, higher educational institutions of the city have developed 197 innovative projects related to the development of combat units of conventional equipment, the development and synthesis of high-energy compounds, medicinal and biologically active substances, the creation of new materials, including composite, thermal insulation, polymer compositions, micromodified with nanodispersed phases, obtaining superhard materials in cavitating environments, etc.

In Rubtsovsk there is the Rubtsovsky Industrial Institute of Altai State Technical University, the Rubtsovsky Institute of Altai State University and the Rubtsovsk branch of the University of the Russian Academy of Education.

Culture

Music

State Philharmonic Society of Altai Territory

Traditional national musical culture is represented by the music of the Kumandins inhabiting the southern regions, as well as Russian settlers. The Altai Regional State Theater of Musical Comedy and the State Philharmonic of the Altai Territory operate in Barnaul.

Theater

Biysk Drama Theater (right)

Most theaters are located in. The largest of them are the Altai Regional State Theater of Musical Comedy, the Altai Regional Drama Theater named after V. M. Shukshin, and the Altai State Youth Theater. Youth and experimental theaters are represented by the Kaleidoscope theater studio, the Extension student theater and the Shadow Theater. There is a drama theater founded in 1939.

Festivals

Since 1976, the Shukshin Readings, a festival dedicated to the memory of the writer, actor and director, have been held in and the village of Srostki.

Since 2006, in the village of Verkh-Obskoye, Smolensk region, the interregional festival of folk art and sports named after Mikhail Sergeevich Evdokimov “Countrymen” has been held annually (from 1992 to 2005, the cultural and sports festival was held by Mikhail Evdokimov himself). Since 2009, the festival has all-Russian status.

Sport

In team sports, the Altai Territory is mainly represented by teams based in Barnaul. These are the Altai hockey club (first league; previously the now disbanded Motor club played in the major league, the Dynamo football club (second division), the Polymer football club (third division of Russia), the University volleyball club (A league ), women's field hockey club "Kommunalshchik", basketball team "Altaibasket", etc. Previously, there was a football club "Progress". Currently, Biysk "Dynamo" and "Torpedo Among" play in the amateur football league of Russia. amateur teams hold championships in the Altai region in basketball, hockey and football, as well as olympiads among rural athletes. The captain of the Russian national football team in 2004-2005, Alexey Smertin, was born and began playing football in Barnaul. Here he founded a sports school for children and youth of the Olympic reserve (. SDUSHOR) in football.

In individual sports, high achievements were achieved by such Altai athletes as Tatyana Kotova (bronze medalist of the 2000 and 2004 Olympic Games in long jump), Sergei Klevchenya (silver and bronze medalist of the 1994 Olympic Games in speed skating), Alexey Tishchenko (gold at the 2000 Olympic Games in boxing), etc. In total, from 1952 to 2008, athletes native to the Altai Territory won 8 gold, 10 silver and 4 bronze medals at the winter and summer Olympics. The main sports infrastructure is concentrated in the largest cities of the region: there is a palace of entertainment and sports named after German Titov, the Ob sports complex, stadiums, gyms, swimming pools, a hippodrome, ski lodges, shooting ranges; in Slavgorod, and sports complexes and small football stadiums.

see also

• Charter of the Altai Territory
• Tourism in the Altai Territory
• List of cultural heritage monuments of the Altai Territory in Wikivoyage

Notes

1. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2018. Retrieved July 25, 2018. Archived July 26, 2018.
2. Gross regional product by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 1998-2016. (Russian) (xls). Rosstat.
3. Gross regional product per capita by constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 1998-2016. MS Excel document
4. Federal Law of June 3, 2011 N 107-FZ “On the Calculation of Time,” Article 5 (June 3, 2011).
5. The President of Russia signed a law changing the time zone of the Altai Territory. www.altai.aif.ru. Retrieved March 19, 2016.
6. Gorbatova O. N. Atlas of the Altai Territory. - Barnaul: NIIGP, 1998.
7. Revyakin V. S., Pushkarev V. M. Geography of the Altai Territory. - Barnaul: Alt. books publishing house, 1989.
8. Lysenkova Z. Modern landscapes in the regional environmental management system. - Smolensk, 2010. - 273 p.
9. Geographical location of the Altai Territory. Website "Barnaul-Altai.ru". Retrieved September 29, 2010. Archived August 22, 2011.
10. Animals of the Altai region. Retrieved November 4, 2017.
11. List of settlements in the Altai Territory approved by the Government of the Russian Federation that were exposed to radiation as a result of nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk test site
12. The Karama site is a Paleolithic site in Altai - how to get there, photos, history of discovery. www.visitaltai.info. Retrieved March 3, 2016.
13. Did they find a Denisovan in Chagyrskaya Cave? Neanderthal? "Chagyrtsa"?..
14. T. A. Chikisheva, S. K. Vasiliev, L. A. Orlova“A human tooth from the Hyena’s Lair cave (Western Altai)”
15. Khudyakov A. A. History of the Altai Territory, ed. V. I. Neverova. - Barnaul: Alt. books publishing house, 1971.
16. Dmitrienko T. Aurora borealis - a bad time. Chronicle of the war years in Altai. Year 1941 // Newspaper "Free Course". - October 8, 2008. - No. 41.
17. Altai region to the front. Official website of the Altai Territory. Retrieved September 29, 2010. Archived August 22, 2011.
18. History of the Altai region. Official website of the Altai Territory. Retrieved September 29, 2010. Archived August 22, 2011.
19. E. Iodkovsky. The virgin lands began in Altai // Altaiskaya Pravda: newspaper. - 2002. - No. No. 114 (24015). Archived from the original on October 16, 2011.
20. Agroindustrial complex of the region. Website of the Main Department of Agriculture of the Altai Territory. Retrieved October 5, 2010. Archived August 22, 2011.
21. On awarding the Altai Territory with the Order of Lenin: decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated October 23. 1956 // Gazette of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR: newspaper. - 1956. - No. 22. - P. 573.
22. Bilchak V. S., Zakharov V. F. Regional economy. - Kaliningrad, 1998. - 316 p.
23. What will happen to the Altai left? Altapress Publishing House. Retrieved October 5, 2010. Archived August 22, 2011.
24. D. Negreev. Valery Kiselev: The Semipalatinsk program is a unique experience of joint work between officials and scientists. PolitSibRu. Retrieved October 5, 2010. Archived August 22, 2011.
25. Sergei Demchik: “The standard payback period for the gas pipeline is 40 years.” Altapress Publishing House. Retrieved October 5, 2010. Archived August 22, 2011.
26. A well-deserved result. Website of the Altai Regional Legislative Assembly. Retrieved December 15, 2011. Archived January 24, 2012.
27. Today the Central Election Commission will register deputies of the “new” State Duma: Altai “Duma members” have already been registered. PolitSibRu. Retrieved December 19, 2011. Archived December 19, 2011.
28. Members of the Federation Council from the Altai Territory. Official website of the Altai Territory. Retrieved October 7, 2010. Archived August 22, 2011.
29. Law “On the Flag of the Altai Territory”, Charter of the AK, 2000.
30. Law “On the coat of arms of the Altai Territory” becoming AK, 2000
31. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (July 31, 2017). Retrieved July 31, 2017. Archived July 31, 2017.
32. Population by municipalities as of January 1 (including by settlements) according to current records
33. Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
34. The budget of the Altai Territory for 2016 was adopted by the regional Legislative Assembly in the final reading. xn--80aaa5aebbece5dhk.xn--p1ai. Retrieved February 24, 2016. (unavailable link)
35. Public debt of the Altai Territory // 2016 - Committee of the Administration of the Altai Territory on Finance, Tax and Credit Policy. fin22.ru. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
36. The Altai Territory is one of the three regions with the lowest costs for servicing public debt. Doc22.ru - only facts!. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
37. Execution of budgets // Execution of the regional budget // 2015 - Committee of the Administration of the Altai Territory on Finance, Tax and Credit Policy. fin22.ru. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
38. Information on the execution of the regional budget as of January 1, 2013. Website of the Altai Territory Administration Committee on Finance, Tax and Credit Policy. Retrieved October 7, 2010. Archived August 22, 2011.
39. For the first time after a six-year pause, a “Russian Field Day” will be held in Altai. altapress.ru Retrieved March 2, 2016.
40. Altai Territory in numbers. Official website of the Altai Territory. Retrieved September 10, 2010. Archived August 22, 2011.
41. Agromax magazine: “Every eighth ton of flour produced in Russia is Altai”
42. Guskov N. S., Zenyakin V. E., Kryukov V. V. Economic security of Russian regions. M., 2000. 288 p.
43. Chachugiev M. Ch., Sokolov M. M. Regions, economics and management. - M., 2001. - 271 p.
44. About company. altaybio.ru. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
45. Energy of the Altai Territory. Information and analytical portal Doc22.ru. Retrieved September 29, 2010. Archived August 22, 2011.
46. Information about the work of energy enterprises in the region. Official website of the Altai Territory Administration for Industry and Energy. Retrieved September 29, 2010. Archived August 22, 2011.
47. Statistics and annual reports. Official website of the Altai Territory. Retrieved October 7, 2010. Archived August 22, 2011.
48. Newspaper "Altai Truth" - Altai flour knows no boundaries
49. According to forecasts, the tourist flow to the Altai Territory at the end of 2010 will increase by 35% - to 1.1 million people
50. Over 9 months of this year, about 950 thousand people visited the region
51. Komarov M. P. Infrastructure of the world's regions: Textbook. - St. Petersburg. , 2000. - 347 p.
52. Higher educational institutions. Official website of the Altai Territory. Retrieved September 10, 2010. Archived August 22, 2011.
53. Biysk Science City. biysk22.ru. Retrieved January 17, 2016.
54. Great Russian Encyclopedia: In 30 volumes / Chairman of scientific editor. Council Yu. S. Osipov. Rep. edited by S. L. Kravets. T. 1. A - Questioning. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2005. - 766 p.: ill.: map.
55. “Motor” almost became “Altai” // Free Course: newspaper.
56. Altai Territory Football Championship. Altai Football website. Retrieved October 4, 2010. Archived August 22, 2011.
57. The Altai Territory will host the Olympics of rural athletes. Siberian news agency. Retrieved October 4, 2010. Archived August 22, 2011.
58. Altai Olympians. Official website of the Altai Territory. Retrieved October 4, 2010. Archived August 22, 2011.
59. Official website of the Altai Territory. Athletic facilities. Retrieved October 4, 2010. Archived August 22, 2011.

Literature

• Altai Territory / Comp. G. M. Egorov; Scientific ed.: Dr. geogr. sciences, prof. V. S. Revyakin; Reviewer: Dr. geogr. Sciences A. O. Kemmerich. - M.: Profizdat, 1987. - 264 p. - (Tourist areas of the USSR). - 75,000 copies.
• Murzaev E. M. Dictionary of folk geographical terms. 1st ed. - M., Mysl, 1984.
• Murzaev E. M. Turkic geographical names. - M., Vost. lit., 1996.
• Encyclopedia of the Altai Territory: in 2 volumes / [editor: V. T. Mishchenko (chief editor) and others]. - Barnaul: Alt. book publishing house, 1995-1996. - 5000 copies.

Links

• Official website of authorities
• Legislative and regulatory acts of the Altai Territory
• Altai Territory in the directory-catalogue “All Russia” (unavailable link)
• Altai in photographs
• Maps Altai Krai
• Composition of the Altai Territory according to OKATO