Shmishek's Character Accentuation Questionnaire online. Test questionnaire of Shmishek and Leonhard

In order to describe personal characteristics, the following characteristic is used: accentuation of character according to Leonard.

This allows not only to divide people into types, but also to identify problem areas and ways of interacting with the surrounding reality.

Is it possible to determine a person's character by their handwriting? find out right now.

Character accentuation - what is it?

Accentuation of character- the presence of pronounced features that can further lead to somatic diseases.

If we consider the lexical side, “accent” translated from Latin means “emphasis”.

At the same time, certain character traits are overly strengthened, this extreme variants of the norm, not going beyond the line of pathology.

Sharp personality traits often interfere with normal life and cause problems in relationships with other people. At the same time, the person himself may not be aware of the presence of such characteristics.

Accentuation tends to manifest itself in stressful situations, whereas a complete personality disorder always operates. It does not affect adaptation in society; a person is temporarily knocked out of the smooth flow of life under the influence of crisis situations.

Explicit and hidden accentuation is highlighted. Character traits become especially sharp in adolescence, resulting in behavioral deviations. When a person grows up, character traits remain pronounced, but do not interfere with ordinary life. This is an obvious accentuation.

With a hidden type of character trait remain within normal limits, are weakly expressed in conditions familiar to humans.

You may not even be aware of the presence of accentuations.

However, in stressful situations and atypical conditions they can manifest themselves.

Accentuations of character in psychology and psychotherapy:

History of creation

The concept of accentuation was first introduced K. Leonhard in the late 60s of the XX century. The psychiatrist divided personality types into two large groups: characteristics and temperament.

He noticed that in addition to obvious mental disorders, psychopathy, there are also borderline states.

Under certain circumstances and life events, these sharpened personality traits may develop into pathology. Based on his ideas, types of accentuations were developed.

Types of character accentuation according to Karl Leonhard:

12 types and their descriptions

What types of accentuation of character, temperament, and personality did Leongard single out?

Leonhard identified the following classification of character accentuations, which quite accurately describe personal characteristics:

Demonstrative. This type of personality has a well-developed imagination, has artistic inclinations, and is characterized by posing and pretense. Behavior is lively, active, demonstrative. He knows how to lie well, precisely because he begins to believe his lies. Tries to embellish himself and his actions, strives to be in the center of attention. Feelings are shallow and superficial. The demonstrative type has a tendency to intrigue, the psyche is quite labile.
The following traits are observed: selfishness, boastfulness, hypocrisy. The personality is characterized by eccentricity and impulsive behavior.
Stuck. There is inertia of behavior, stuck on one’s thoughts and feelings. The type is prone to protracted conflicts. People are divided into friends and enemies, situations into good and bad. Able to concentrate well on a task and shows persistence in achieving goals. Getting stuck makes a person prone to excessive suspicion. Character accentuation can develop into paranoia. He remembers grievances for a very long time, up to several years.
Pedantic. A person who notices every little thing is very careful and punctual, and demands this from other people. Carefully and scrupulously approaches any task. He shows meticulousness in his work, is inclined to double-check, and the work must be completed. This approach requires maximum concentration, so as a result, a person may experience emotional fatigue. He is not prone to conflicts, but reacts very violently to facts of violation of order. Traumatic events last a long time.
Excitable. Difficulty managing one’s own emotions, controlling one’s actions, impulsiveness. He provokes conflicts, considers himself to be right, and easily takes active action. He is intolerant and easily gets angry. This type has difficulty establishing close connections and chooses as friends those who are convenient to manage.
The excitable type can be dangerous to others; this is important to consider when choosing the type of activity and contacts.

Shows reluctance to learn, work is unbearable for him. Lives in the present, prefers entertainment, and practically does not think about the future. Excitability is difficult to extinguish, which creates certain problems not only for him, but also for those around him.
Hyperthymic. This is a person who is almost always in an inspired state, full of ideas. He talks about these ideas to others, although he rarely implements them. Likes to do several things at once, but often does not complete them, losing interest or motivation. He has broad interests, is curious, loves to learn, is able to carry on a conversation on any topic and give useful advice.
He is sociable, active, actively uses gestures, and creates a lot of noise around himself. Good tone and appetite, healthy sleep. Meanwhile, he may not take his responsibilities seriously. He also has negative characteristics - a tendency to immoral acts, irritability. It is difficult to endure monotonous work, loneliness, and strict discipline.
Disthymic. He takes everything that happens too seriously and is often in a depressed mood. underestimated. Distimic has a hard time making contact, the main reason being the lack of confidence that he might interest someone. But if someone is his friend, he appreciates it.
A pessimist in life, conscientious. Responsible at work. Fighter for justice. Prefers to stay at home and does not like noisy company.
Anxious. From a very early age, a representative of this type of accentuation is afraid of literally everything. He carries this fear into adulthood. He avoids high positions because he is afraid of risks, mistakes, and competition. He is afraid of being rejected, so it is difficult for him to enter into a relationship. The anxious type has high responsibility towards other people, he is suspicious, and fears for the health and lives of loved ones. Main character traits: humility, inability to defend one’s point of view, timidity, friendliness. The anxious type easily submits to the care of older peers or adults. It is difficult for them to manage their own lives and take responsibility. From childhood they are touchy, react sharply to ridicule and criticism, and often become targets for jokes. Feeling a sense of their own inferiority, they nevertheless try to find themselves in the activities that they do best.
Affectively exalted. The basis of their personality is a violent reaction to everything - no matter a positive or negative event. Among this type there are fanatics, people devoted to their profession, adherents of religion. They are attached to close people, and also rejoice wildly at their successes. Very emotional, amorous, altruistic. There is a tendency towards exaggeration and alarmism. In moments of high spirits, maximum happiness and joy emanate from people of this type; fun is expressed vigorously, with the desire to drag other people into it. From bad events they come to complete despair.
Emotive. The type is close to exalted, but reactions are not so pronounced. Sensitive, compassionate, empathizes with the grief of others, comes to the rescue. Rarely enters into conflicts. He carries grievances and experiences within himself. Characterized by diligence, a high sense of duty, and kindness.
Shows excessive sensitivity to external influences and can cry easily.
Cyclothymic. Characterized by changeable moods. Periods of vigorous activity and manic activity are replaced by passivity. People of this type do not have a middle ground; they go to extremes. High level of communication skills. The psyche is mobile, easily switches from one topic of conversation to another. Mood and reactions depend on external events.

Two more types have also been identified depending on the personality’s focus on the external environment or one’s inner world:

Method of determination

To diagnose the type of personality accentuation it is used questionnaire by K. Leonhard-S. Shmishek. Consists of 10 scales and 88 questions.

If there are brightly pointed accents, then we can talk about the presence of a certain accentuation of the personality.

Leonhard-Smishek: character accentuations.

Where and for what is the Leonhard-Schmischek diagnosis used?

The Leonhard-Smishek questionnaire is designed to diagnose accentuations of character and temperament teenagers and adults.

Used in psychological counseling, when selecting for professional activities, especially those associated with increased responsibility and stress factors.

The theory of accentuations helps psychologists, psychiatrists, and sociologists to study and predict the behavior of adolescents and adults. Based on them you can identify the most suitable professions, give an analysis of individual behavior in stressful situations.

Instructions: You will be given statements regarding your character. Answer without thinking for a long time, you can choose one of two answers: “yes” or “no”, there are no other answer options. You must mark your answer on the response form by placing a cross in the “yes” or “no” box opposite the number corresponding to the question number.

Stimulus material.

Is your mood generally cheerful and carefree?
Are you susceptible to insults?
Have you ever cried quickly?
Do you always consider yourself to be right in what you do, and will you not rest until you are convinced of this?
Do you consider yourself more courageous than when you were a child?
Can your mood change from deep joy to deep sadness?
Are you the center of attention in the company?
Do you ever have days when you are in a sullen and irritable mood for no good reason and don't want to talk to anyone?
Are you a serious person?
Can you get very excited?
Are you entrepreneurial?
Do you quickly forget if someone offends you?
Are you a kind-hearted person?
Do you try to check after putting a letter in the mailbox to see if it is still hanging in the slot?
Do you always try to be conscientious at work?
Were you afraid of thunderstorms or dogs as a child?
Do you think other people are not demanding enough of each other?
Does your mood depend greatly on life events and experiences?
Are you always straightforward with your friends?
Is your mood often depressed?
Have you ever had a hysterical attack or nervous system exhaustion before?
Are you prone to states of intense inner restlessness or craving?
Do you find it difficult to sit in a chair for a long time?
Do you fight for your interests if someone treats you unfairly?
Could you kill a person?
Does a curtain hanging askew or an uneven tablecloth really bother you, so much so that you want to immediately eliminate these shortcomings?
Did you experience fear as a child when you were alone in the apartment?
Do you often change your mood for no reason?
Are you always diligent in your activities?
Are you quick to get angry?
Can you be recklessly cheerful?
Can you sometimes be completely imbued with a feeling of joy?
Are you suitable for hosting entertainment events?
Do you usually express your frank opinion to people on a particular issue?
Does the type of blood affect you?
Are you willing to engage in activities that involve great responsibility?
Are you inclined to stand up for a person who has been treated unfairly?
Do you find it difficult to enter a dark basement?
Do you perform painstaking menial tasks as slowly and carefully as you do the work you love?
Are you a sociable person?
Were you willing to recite poetry at school?
Did you run away from home as a child?
Do you find life difficult?
Have you ever had conflicts and troubles that got on your nerves so much that you didn’t go to work?
Can you say that when you fail, you don’t lose your sense of humor?
Will you take the first step towards reconciliation if someone offends you?
Do you love animals?
Will you leave work or home if something is wrong with you?
Are you tormented by vague thoughts that some misfortune will happen to you or your relatives?
Do you think that your mood depends on the weather?
Would it be difficult for you to perform on stage in front of a large crowd?
Can you lose your temper and let loose if someone deliberately rudely angers you?
Do you communicate a lot?
If you are disappointed with something, will you despair?
Do you like organizational work?
Do you persistently strive for your goal, even if there are many obstacles along the way?
Can you be so captivated by a movie that tears come to your eyes?
Will it be difficult for you to fall asleep if you have been thinking about your future or some problem all day?
During your school years, did you have to use hints or copy homework from your friends?
Is it difficult for you to go to a cemetery at night?
Do you take great care to ensure that every item in the house is in its place?
Have you ever gone to bed in a good mood, but woke up in a dejected mood and remained in that mood for several hours?
Can you easily adapt to a new situation?
Are you prone to headaches?
Do you laugh often?
Can you be friendly to people without revealing your true feelings towards them?
Can you be called a lively and lively person?
Do you suffer greatly due to injustice?
Can you be called a passionate nature lover?
Do you have a habit of checking before going to bed or before leaving that the gas and lights are turned off and the door is closed?
Are you fearful?
Does it happen that you feel in seventh heaven, although there are no objective reasons for this?
In your youth, were you willing to participate in amateur art groups and a theater group?
Do you sometimes feel drawn to look into the distance?
Are you pessimistic about the future?
Can your mood change from extreme joy to deep sadness in a short period of time?
Is it easy for you to lift your spirits in a friendly company?
Do you carry anger for a long time?
Do you worry a lot if grief happens to another person?
At school, did you have the habit of rewriting a piece of paper in your notebook if you put a blot on it?
Can we say that you are more distrustful and cautious than trusting?
Do you often have scary dreams?
Have you ever thought about throwing yourself out of a window against your will, under an approaching train?
Do you become joyful in a cheerful environment?
Can you easily distract yourself from burdensome issues and not think about them?
Do you find it difficult to control yourself when you get angry?
Do you prefer to be silent (yes), or are you talkative (no)?
Could you, if you had to participate in a theatrical performance, enter into the role with complete penetration and transformation and forget about yourself?

Answer form for the Smishek Leonhard questionnaire test.

Surname. Name. Surname ___________________________________________

Age____________________Date of completion__________________

	Yes	No		Yes	No		Yes	No		Yes	No		Yes	No		Yes	No		Yes	No		Yes	No
1			12			23			34			45			56			67			78
2			13			24			35			46			57			68			79
3			14			25			36			47			58			69			80
4			15			26			37			48			59			70			81
5			16			27			38			49			60			71			82
6			17			28			39			50			61			72			83
7			18			29			40			51			62			73			84
8			19			30			41			52			63			74			85
9			20			31			42			53			64			75			86
10			21			32			43			54			65			76			87
11			22			33			44			55			66			77			88

Key to the Smishek Leonhard questionnaire test.

For each scale, pluses (positive answers to the specified questions) and minuses (negative answers to the questions corresponding to the scale) are calculated. Then the points received (pros and cons) on the scale are summed up and the result is multiplied by a coefficient - each type of accentuation has its own.

As a result of processing the test results, 10 indicators will be obtained that correspond to the severity of one or another personality accentuation according to K. Leonhard.

Character accentuations

1. Demonstrativeness, hysteria x2 (multiply the resulting scale value by 2) Add (+) : 7, 19, 22, 29, 41, 44, 63, 66, 73, 85, 88 Subtract (-) : 51

2. Stuck, rigidity x2 +: 2, 15, 24, 34, 37, 56, 68, 78, 81 -: 12, 46, 59

3. Pedantry x2 +: 4, 14, 17, 26, 39, 48, 58, 61, 70, 80, 83 -: 36

4. Imbalance, excitability x3 +: 8, 20, 30, 42, 52, 64, 74, 86 -: No Accentuation of temperament

5. Hyperthymia x3 +: 1, 11, 23, 33, 45, 55, 67, 77 -: No

6. Dysthymicity x3 +: 9, 21, 43, 75, 87 -: 31, 53, 65

7. Anxiety, fearfulness x3 +: 16, 27, 38, 49, 60, 71, 82 -: 5

8. Cyclothymic x3 +: 6, 18, 28, 40, 50, 62, 72, 84 -: No

9. Affectiveness, exaltation x6 +: 10, 32, 54, 76 -: No

10. Emotiveness, lability x3 +: 3, 13, 35, 47, 57, 69, 79 -: 25

Interpretation of the Šmishek Leonhard questionnaire.

The maximum score for each type of accentuation (on each scale of the questionnaire) is 24 points. The data obtained can be presented in the form of a “profile of personality accentuations”: According to some sources, a sign of accentuation is considered to be a value exceeding 12 points. Other reasons for the practical use of the questionnaire indicate that the sum of points in the range from 15 to 18 only indicates a tendency towards one or another type of accentuation. And only if the score exceeds 19 points is the personality accentuated. Thus, a conclusion about the severity of accentuation is made based on the following indicators on the scales:

0-12 – property is not expressed

13-18 – average degree of expression of the property (tendency towards one or another type of personality accentuation)

19-24 – a sign of accentuation

Description of types of personality accentuations according to K. Leonhard

1. Demonstrative type. Characterized by an increased ability to repress, demonstrative behavior, liveliness, mobility, and ease of establishing contacts. He is prone to fantasy, deceit and pretense, aimed at embellishing his person, adventurism, artistry, and posing. He is driven by the desire for leadership, the need for recognition, the thirst for constant attention to his person, the thirst for power, praise; the prospect of being undetected weighs him down. He demonstrates high adaptability to people, emotional lability (easy mood swings) in the absence of truly deep feelings, and a tendency to intrigue (with an externally soft manner of communication). There is boundless egocentrism, a thirst for admiration, sympathy, veneration, and surprise. Usually the praise of others in his presence causes him a particularly unpleasant feeling; he cannot stand it. The desire for a company is usually associated with the need to feel like a leader, to occupy an exceptional position. Self-esteem is very far from objectivity. He can irritate with his self-confidence and high claims; he systematically provokes conflicts, but at the same time actively defends himself. Possessing a pathological ability to repress, he can completely forget what he does not want to know about. This unchains him in his lies. Usually he lies with an innocent face, because what he is talking about, at the moment, is true for him; Apparently, he is not internally aware of his lie, or he is aware of it very shallowly, without noticeable remorse. Able to captivate others with his originality of thinking and actions.

2. Stuck type. He is characterized by moderate sociability, boringness, a penchant for moralizing, and taciturnity. Often suffers from imaginary injustice towards him. In this regard, he shows wariness and distrust towards people, is sensitive to insults and grief, is vulnerable, suspicious, vindictive, worries about what happened for a long time, and is not able to “easily move on” from insults. He is characterized by arrogance and often initiates conflicts. Arrogance, rigidity of attitudes and views, and highly developed ambition often lead to persistent assertion of his interests, which he defends with particular vigor. He strives to achieve high results in any business he undertakes and shows great persistence in achieving his goals. The main feature is a tendency to affect (love of truth, resentment, jealousy, suspicion), inertia in the manifestation of affects, in thinking, in motor skills.

3. Pedantic type. It is characterized by rigidity, inertia of mental processes, difficulty in getting up, and long experience of traumatic events. He rarely enters into conflicts, acting as a passive rather than an active party. At the same time, he reacts very strongly to any manifestation of disorder. At work he behaves like a bureaucrat, making many formal demands on others. Punctual, neat, pays special attention to cleanliness and order, scrupulous, conscientious, inclined to strictly follow the plan, unhurried in carrying out actions, diligent, focused on high quality work and special accuracy, prone to frequent self-examinations, doubts about the correctness of the work performed, grumbling, formalism . Willingly cedes leadership to other people.

4. Excitable type. Insufficient controllability, weakening of control over drives and impulses are combined in people of this type with the power of physiological drives. He is characterized by increased impulsiveness, instinctiveness, rudeness, tediousness, gloominess, anger, a tendency to rudeness and abuse, to friction and conflicts, in which he himself is an active, provoking party. Irritable, quick-tempered, often changes jobs, and is difficult to get along with in a team. There is low contact in communication, slowness of verbal and non-verbal reactions, heaviness of actions. For him, no work becomes attractive, he works only when necessary, and shows the same reluctance to learn. Indifferent to the future, he lives entirely in the present, wanting to extract a lot of entertainment from it. Increased impulsiveness or the resulting arousal reaction is difficult to suppress and can be dangerous to others. He can be domineering, choosing the weakest for communication.

5. Hyperthymic type. People of this type are distinguished by great mobility, sociability, talkativeness, expressiveness of gestures, facial expressions, pantomimes, excessive independence, a tendency to mischief, and a lack of a sense of distance in relationships with others. They often spontaneously deviate from the original topic of conversation. They make a lot of noise everywhere, love the company of their peers, and strive to boss them around. They almost always have a very good mood, good health, high vitality, often a flourishing appearance, good appetite, healthy sleep, a tendency towards gluttony and other joys of life. These are people with high self-esteem, cheerful, frivolous, superficial and, at the same time, businesslike, inventive, brilliant interlocutors; people who know how to entertain others, energetic, active, proactive. A great desire for independence can be a source of conflict. They are characterized by outbursts of anger and irritation, especially when they encounter strong opposition and fail. They are prone to immoral acts, increased irritability, and projectism. They do not take their responsibilities seriously enough. They find it difficult to endure conditions of strict discipline, monotonous activity, and forced loneliness.

6. Dysthymic type. People of this type are distinguished by seriousness, even depressed mood, slowness, and weak willpower. They are characterized by a pessimistic attitude towards the future, low self-esteem, as well as low contact, reticence in conversation, even silence. Such people are homebodies, individualists; They usually avoid society and noisy company and lead a secluded lifestyle. They are often gloomy, inhibited, and tend to fixate on the shadow sides of life. They are conscientious, value those who are friends with them and are ready to obey them, have a heightened sense of justice, as well as slow thinking.

7. Anxious type. People of this type are characterized by low communication, minor mood, timidity, timidity, and lack of self-confidence. Children of the anxious type are often afraid of the dark, animals, and are afraid to be alone. They avoid noisy and lively peers, do not like excessively noisy games, experience a feeling of timidity and shyness, and have a hard time with tests, exams, and inspections. They are often embarrassed to answer in front of the class. They willingly submit to the tutelage of their elders; adult lectures can cause them remorse, guilt, tears, and despair. They early develop a sense of duty, responsibility, and high moral and ethical requirements. They try to disguise the feeling of their own inferiority in self-affirmation through those types of activities where they can reveal their abilities to a greater extent. The touchiness, sensitivity, and shyness characteristic of them since childhood prevent them from getting close to those with whom they want; a particularly weak link is the reaction to the attitude of others towards them. Intolerance to ridicule and suspicion are accompanied by the inability to stand up for oneself, to defend the truth in the face of unfair accusations. They rarely enter into conflicts with others, playing a mainly passive role in them; in conflict situations, they seek support and support. They are friendly, self-critical, and diligent. Due to their defenselessness, they often serve as “scapegoats” and targets for jokes.

8. Cyclothymic type. Characterized by alternating hyperthymic and dysthymic states. They are characterized by frequent periodic mood swings, as well as dependence on external events. Joyful events cause pictures of hyperthymia in them: thirst for activity, increased talkativeness, racing ideas; sad - depression, slowness of reactions and thinking, their manner of communication with people around them also often changes. In adolescence, two variants of cyclothymic accentuation can be found: typical and labile cycloids. Typical cycloids in childhood usually give the impression of being hyperthymic, but then lethargy and loss of strength appear; what was previously easy now requires exorbitant effort. Previously noisy and lively, they become lethargic homebodies, there is a decrease in appetite, insomnia, or, conversely, drowsiness. They react to comments with irritation, even rudeness and anger, in the depths of their souls, however, at the same time falling into despondency, deep depression, suicidal attempts are not excluded. They study unevenly, make up for any omissions with difficulty, and create in themselves an aversion to studying. In labile cycloids, the phases of mood changes are usually shorter than in typical cycloids. “Bad” days are marked by more bad mood than lethargy. During the period of recovery, the desire to have friends and be in company is expressed. Mood affects self-esteem.

9. Exalted type. A striking feature of this type is the ability to admire, admire, as well as smiling, a feeling of happiness, joy, pleasure. These feelings can often arise in them for a reason that does not cause much excitement in others; they are easily delighted by joyful events and in complete despair by sad ones. They are characterized by high contact, talkativeness, and amorousness. Such people often argue, but do not lead to open conflicts. In conflict situations, they are both active and passive parties. They are attached to friends and loved ones, altruistic, have a sense of compassion, good taste, and show brightness and sincerity of feelings. They can be alarmists, subject to momentary moods, impulsive, easily move from a state of delight to a state of sadness, and have mental lability.

10. Emotive type. This type is related to the exalted one, but its manifestations are not so violent. They are characterized by emotionality, sensitivity, anxiety, talkativeness, timidity, and deep reactions in the area of subtle feelings. The most strongly expressed trait is humanity, empathy for other people or animals, responsiveness, kindness, compassion for other people's successes. They are impressionable, tearful, and take any life events more seriously than other people. Teenagers react sharply to scenes from films where someone is in danger; such scenes can cause them a strong shock that will not be forgotten for a long time and can disturb their sleep. They rarely enter into conflicts, they carry grievances within themselves and do not “spill out” outside. They are characterized by a heightened sense of duty and diligence. They take care of nature, love to grow plants and care for animals.

20.04.2018

What is the Leonhard Schmisek questionnaire?

This test is designed to identify the type of accentuation of character and temperament; it belongs to the typological approach to the study of personality. The technique is a modification of the work of K. Leongard “Methods for studying personality accentuations.”

Accentuation is a strong manifestation, much more along with others, of individual personality traits that are inherent in every person. Such manifestations lie between normality and psychopathy. Accented characteristics in society can manifest themselves both positively and negatively. When exposed to harmful factors, accentuations can develop into pathology and destroy the structure of the personality. The test offers eighty-eight questions that must be answered “yes” or “no.” You can take Leonhard Schmishek's questionnaire on our website and find out the properties of your character and temperament.

Who is the questionnaire suitable for?

The questionnaire is suitable for people of any age category. It exists in two forms: child and adult. The children's uniform was adapted by I.V. Crook in 1975. Just like in the adult form, in the children's form there is the same number of accentuations and processing of results. The number of questions is also the same, the difference lies only in their wording.

To identify pathological manifestations of personality, or to prevent their development, it is necessary to know the accentuated qualities. Knowing them, a person will be able to better control his behavior and minimize its negative impact on society or stop it altogether.

Who uses it and for what?

Practicing psychologists and psychiatrists around the world use the Shmishek questionnaire to diagnose personality accentuations. He helps psychiatrists diagnose patients, and psychologists better understand their clients and their problems.

Karl Leonhard and Hans Schmischek

G. Schmishek is a German conflict specialist. K. Leonhard (1904-1988), an outstanding German psychiatrist, neurologist, psychologist, is known to the general public, primarily as the author of the concept of “character accentuations.”

Questionnaire results

All questions are divided by accentuation. For each answer, depending on the question, either one or zero points are added. Then, for each group their sum is calculated. The number of points from 12 to 19 indicates a tendency towards the type of accentuation. Above is its presence. The maximum you can score is 24 points. On our website you can take the adult form of the Leonhard Schmishek test online, the program itself will calculate the number of points for each type of accentuation, and you will find out your result.

The ten types of accentuated personalities identified by Leonhard are divided into two groups. The first includes character accentuations: demonstrative, pedantic, stuck, excitable. The second is the accentuation of temperament: hyperthymic, dysthymic, anxious-fearful, cyclothymic, affective, emotive.

Character accentuations

Demonstrative type

Manifests itself through demonstrative behavior, the ability to repress, liveliness, mobility and ease of establishing contacts. Shows a tendency towards fantasy, deceit and pretense, embellishing one’s personality, adventurism, artistry, and posing. Strives to be a leader, to be recognized, craves attention and praise.

Stuck type

He is distinguished by moderate sociability, tediousness, a penchant for moralizing, taciturnity, and suspiciousness. May be wary, touchy and suspicious. Arrogant and prone to provoke conflicts.

Pedantic type

Characterized by rigidity and inertia of mental processes. He is slow to move and experiences traumatic events for a long time. He rarely enters into conflicts and acts as a passive party in them. Shows a strong reaction to disruption of order. This type is punctual and neat. Avoids leadership.

Excitable type

Low control over one’s drives, weakened controllability, strong tendency to physiological drives. He is distinguished by increased impulsiveness, instinctiveness, rudeness, tediousness, gloominess, anger, a tendency to rudeness, to friction and conflicts, which he himself provokes.

Accentuations of temperament

Hyperthymic type

These people, as a rule, are very active, sociable, and talkative. They have high self-esteem. They are characterized by expressive, bright facial expressions, they are prone to mischief, and can show familiarity. In conversation they jump from one topic to another. They are very noisy, love the company of their peers, and strive to boss them around. They are almost always in a good mood, prone to gluttony and other pleasures.

Dysthymic type

These are serious people who are dominated by a depressed mood and weakened volitional qualities. These are pessimists, silent people, uncommunicative. They are conscientious and value their friends. They are characterized by slow thinking.

Anxious type

Unsociable, peace-loving, timid and unsure of himself. They are distinguished by a heightened sense of duty and responsibility. In childhood, people of this type are often afraid of the dark and animals. Avoid noisy companies. Notations make them feel guilty.

Exalted type

People of this type are distinguished by a strong ability to admire and admire. They smile, often, and feel happy for reasons that do not evoke strong emotions in other people. Prone to sudden mood swings. These are sociable and talkative people. They like to argue, but are not particularly conflict-prone.

Emotive type

Similar to exalted, but manifests itself less clearly. These people express humanism, compassion for animals and people. They are not confrontational, impressionable, tearful, and keep grievances to themselves.

Cyclothymic type

People of this type are characterized by alternating hyperthymic and dysthymic states. Mood swings and dependence on external factors are observed. Joyful events cause talkativeness and vigorous activity. Negative events – depression and slow thinking.

When selecting personnel for positions that require certain qualities (restraint, composure, the ability to get along with people, punctuality, the ability to complete a job started, resistance to stress), in some cases it is important to diagnose a person’s hidden accentuations.

The K. Leonhard-N. Shmishek test allows you to identify and predict the manifestation of hidden accentuations in human behavior under the influence of certain factors.
Accentuation is the excessive manifestation of certain character traits or their combinations. Accentuation is not a pathology, it is an extreme degree of the norm, beyond which psychopathy begins - an irreversible pathology of character leading to disruption of a person’s adaptation and interaction with the environment. Accentuations of character are most clearly manifested in adolescence, during the formation of character. It seems that under the influence of life experience, accentuations can be smoothed out and turn into “hidden accentuations.”
The latter reveal themselves in their entirety in unfavorable circumstances - when experiencing traumatic events, in critical and stressful situations, and always when the “weaknesses” (vulnerable character traits) of a person with one or another type of accentuation are affected. In particularly difficult circumstances, they can lead to disruption of normal personality behavior and maladaptation: first, weak accentuation turns into strong, and then, if the impact of unfavorable factors persists, it can develop into a corresponding form of psychopathology.

The presence of character accentuation in itself is not a disadvantage. According to some sources. One or another type of accentuation can be identified in half of the population of developed countries. In favorable conditions, “hidden accentuations” do not appear, and negative traits are compensated and a person can work quite successfully. In addition, each type of accentuation has positive qualities that a person can rely on when performing certain activities.

The K. Leonhard-N. Shmishek test is a questionnaire containing 88 statements, which are grouped into 10 scales, each of which corresponds to one direction of accentuation:

high vitality
excitability
depth of emotional reactions
pedantry
increased anxiety
mood swings
demonstrativeness
imbalance
fatigue
strength and expression of emotions

The person taking this test must indicate whether they agree or disagree with each statement on the questionnaire.

The applicant is given the following instructions:

“You will be presented with statements regarding your character.
If you agree with the statement, put a “+” sign next to its number; if you disagree, put a “-” sign.
Don't think about the questions for too long. Remember, there are no right or wrong answers.”

The responses received are processed using a special key. In accordance with it, the number of pluses for some issues and minuses for others is calculated, then the amount is multiplied by a certain number. Based on the results, the predominant type of character accentuation is determined. There can be ten types in total.

Dm - demonstrative type

A purposeful person who needs constant attention from others. They are distinguished by egocentrism, vanity, ambition, cunning, and lack of modesty. Prone to fantasizing. I can be very helpful if their interests require it.

The positive side is courage in thinking. A person with this type of accentuation can be successful in professions that require constant interaction with the public (actor, TV presenter, lecturer).

P - pedantic type

He is distinguished by his thoroughness, composure, punctuality, high self-control, and the ability to accurately fulfill his duties. But at the same time, the inertia of mental processes inherent in representatives of this type leads to slowness, inhibition, overinsurance, avoidance of creative solutions, and low productivity of thought processes.
People of this type cope well with monotonous work that requires high precision, for example, in accounting.

Z - “stuck” type

A person with excessive retention and persistence of negative emotions. They are characterized by excessive touchiness, conflict, rancor, and suspicion. Ambitious, overly self-confident, prone to creating “extra-valuable” ideas.

B - excitable type

Characterized by increased excitability, irritability, and aggressiveness. As a rule, they are impulsive, unable to control their emotions and behavior in a state of anger. They may ignore moral standards, but often find themselves in creative professions.

G - hyperthymic type

Has increased mental activity, optimism, cheerful, active, proactive and enterprising. Strives for leadership in any circumstances, but prefers to be an informal leader. Often he is not able to complete the work he has begun, to be obligatory and responsible. Characterized by projectism, frivolity, instability of interests, and inability to comply with generally accepted standards of behavior.

Di - dysthymic type

He has a low mood, is prone to depression, is passive, but at the same time he is sensitive and has a strong position in life.

C - cyclothymic type

Sudden mood changes. Actions and actions from the outside seem unmotivated, behavior is difficult to predict. In certain moods, the level of performance decreases, even minor troubles can “knock you off track,” and failures are difficult to experience. Any criticism evokes thoughts of one’s own inferiority.
They can do monotonous work.

T - anxious-fearful type

Characterized by increased timidity, timidity, and anxiety. Indecisive, avoids leadership, strives to occupy a subordinate position. May exhibit negative emotions in order to overcompensate for their anxiety.
Often performs well in supporting positions.

Ae - affective-exalted type

A person who is predominantly in an excited and enthusiastic state. Very impressionable, reacts violently to events. He is sincere and deeply concerned about others, taking their problems to heart.

Em - emotive type

He has increased sensitivity, the ability to empathize, is impressionable and kind-hearted. Under extremely unfavorable conditions, he may become depressed.

For each type of character accentuation, you can get from 0 to 24 points. An indicator exceeding 12 points is considered a sign of accentuation.
An individual graph of the severity of types of accentuations can be constructed.

This technique allows you to identify the type of character accentuation to a fairly high degree - 86-89%. However, given that there may be errors in diagnosis using this test, the results obtained must be checked using other methods.

Test K. Leonhard - N. Smishek

1. Are you often in a cheerful and carefree mood?

2. Are you sensitive to insults?

3. Does it ever happen that tears come to your eyes at the cinema, theater, or conversation?

4. Having done something, you doubt whether everything was done correctly and do not calm down until you are convinced once again that everything was done correctly?

5. As a child, were you as brave and desperate as your peers?

6. Do your mood often change from a state of boundless jubilation to disgust for life and yourself?

7. Are you usually the center of attention in society or company?

8. Does it ever happen that you are in such a grumpy state for no reason that it is better not to talk to you?

9. Are you a serious person?

10. Are you able to admire and admire something?

11. Are you entrepreneurial?

12. Do you quickly forget if someone offends you?

13. Are you kind-hearted?

14. When dropping a letter into the mailbox, do you check by running your hand along the gap that the letter has completely fallen into it?

16. Have you ever been scared as a child during a thunderstorm or when meeting an unfamiliar dog (or maybe this feeling still happens in adulthood)?

17. Do you strive to maintain order in everything and everywhere?

18. Does your mood depend on external circumstances?

19. Do your friends like you?

20. Do you often have a feeling of strong inner restlessness?

21. Are you in a somewhat depressed mood?

22. Have you ever had a hysteria (nervous breakdown) at least once?

23. Is it difficult for you to sit in one place for a long time?

24. If you were treated unfairly, do you vigorously defend your interests?

25. Can you slaughter a chicken (sheep)?

26. Does it irritate you if a tablecloth/curtain hangs unevenly for a long time and you try to straighten it right away?

27. As a child, were you afraid to be left alone in the house?

28. Do you often have mood swings for no reason?

29. Do you always strive to be a strong worker in your profession?

30. Do you quickly become angry?

31. Can you be carefree and cheerful?

32. Does it ever happen that a feeling of complete happiness literally permeates you?

33. Do you think you would make a host of a comedy program?

34. Do you usually express your opinions to people quite frankly, directly and unambiguously?

35. Do you find it difficult to bear the sight of your blood? Does this make you feel uncomfortable?

36. Do you like work with high responsibility?

37. Are you inclined to speak out in defense of people who have been treated unfairly?

38. Are you scared (difficult) going down into a dark basement?

39. Do you prefer work where you have to act quickly, but the requirements for the quality of execution are low?

40. Are you a sociable person?

41. Did you willingly declare poems at school?

42. Did you run away from home as a child?

43. Does life seem difficult to you?

44. Has it ever happened that after a conflict (offense) you were so upset that it was impossible to go to work/school?

45. Would you say that when you fail, you lose your sense of humor?

46. Would you take the first steps towards reconciliation if someone offended you?

47. Do you really love animals?

48. Do you come back to make sure that you left the house (place of work) in such a condition that nothing will happen there?

49. Are you sometimes haunted by the thought that something terrible might happen to you (your loved ones)?

50. Do you find that your mood is very changeable?

51. Is it difficult for you to report (perform on stage) in front of a large number of people?

52. Can you hit the offender if he insulted you?

53. Do you have a great need to communicate with other people?

54. Are you one of those people who, under any circumstances, falls into deep despair?

55. Do you like work that requires organizational activity?

56. Do you persistently achieve your intended goal if you have to overcome a lot of obstacles on the way to it?

57. Can a tragic film move you so much that tears come to your eyes?

58. Do you often find it difficult to sleep because the problems of the past day or the future are spinning in your head?

59. At school, did you sometimes give your friends hints or let them copy?

60. Will it take a lot of willpower for you to walk through a cemetery alone at night?

61. Does it happen that when you go to bed in a good mood, you get up the next day in a depressed state that lasts for several hours?

62. Do you carefully ensure that every item in your house is in the same place?

63. Do you easily get used to new situations?

64. Do you have headaches?

65. Do you laugh often?

66. Can you be friendly even with those whom you clearly do not value, love or respect?

67. Are you an active person?

68. Are you very worried about injustice?

69. Do you love nature so much that you can call it your friend?

70. When leaving home, going to bed, do you check that the gas is turned off, the lights are turned off, and the doors are locked?

71. Are you very timid?

72. Does your mood change when you drink alcohol?

73. In your youth, did you willingly participate in amateur art groups?

74. Do you view life somewhat pessimistically without expecting joy?

75. Do you often want to travel?

76. Can your mood change so dramatically that your state of joy suddenly changes to gloomy and depressed?

77. Is it easy for you to cheer up your friends in a company?

78. How long have you been offended?

79. Do you experience the sorrows of other people for a long time?

80. As a schoolchild, did you often rewrite a page of your notebook if you accidentally made a mark on it?

81. Do you treat people with distrust and carelessness rather than with trust?

82. Do you often have scary dreams?

83. Does it happen that while standing at the window of a multi-story building, you are afraid that you might suddenly fall out of the window?

84. Are you usually cheerful in a cheerful company?

85. Are you able to distract yourself from difficult problems that need to be solved?

86. Do you become less inhibited and feel more free if you drink alcohol?

87. Are you short on words in conversations?

88. If you had to play on stage, would you be able to get into the role so much as to forget that it’s just a game?

Key to the Schmisek-Leonhard questionnaire test

Questionnaire scale	Answers "yes"	Answers "no"	Coefficient
Hyperthymia (G)	1, 11, 23, 33, 45, 55, 67, 77		3
Distance (V)	9, 21, 43, 74, 87	31, 53, 65	3
Cyclothimity (C)	6, 18, 28, 40, 50, 62, 72, 84		3
Excitability (B)	8, 20, 30, 42, 52, 64, 75, 86		3
Jam (W)	2, 15, 24, 34, 37, 56, 68, 78, 81	12, 46, 59	2
Emotivity (Um)	3, 13, 35, 47, 57, 69, 79	25	3
Exaltation (Ek)	10, 32, 54, 76		6
Anxiety (T)	6, 27, 38, 49, 60, 71, 82	5	3
Pedantry (P)	4, 14, 17, 26, 36, 48, 58, 61, 70, 80, 83	39	2
Demonstrativeness (De)	7, 19, 22, 29, 41, 44, 63, 66, 73, 85, 88	51	2

Based on the processing results, a profile is drawn in the form of a graph, which is the basis for subsequent analysis.

General shape of the graph

The analysis of the results should begin based on the general shape of the graph, paying attention to how the obtained indicators are located relative to the lower and upper limits of the norm (7-18 points).

For example:

Sum of points after multiplication
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15		16	17	18	19		20	21	22	23	24
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
												Sign of accentuation				Range of trends					Range of accentuated traits and character types

Demonstrative type. Characterized by increased capacity for displacement.
Pedantic type. Persons of this type are characterized by increased rigidity, inertia of mental processes, and inability to repress traumatic experiences.
Stuck type. Characterized by excessive persistence of affect.
Excitable type. Increased impulsiveness, weakening control over drives and impulses.
Hyperthymic type. Increased mood level combined with optimism and high activity.
Dysthymic type. Decreased mood, pessimism, fixation on the shadow sides of life, lethargy.
Anxious and fearful. Tendency to fear, timidity and timidity.
Cyclothymic type. Change of hyperthymic and dysthymic phases.
Affectively exalted. Ease of transition from a state of delight to a state of sadness. Delight and sadness are the main conditions accompanying this type.
Emotive type. Related to affective-exalted, but the manifestations are not so violent. Persons of this type are particularly impressionable and sensitive.

Among the numerous options for arranging indicators, the following are of greatest interest:

01 All or almost all points on the graph were in the zone of low values (0-6 points). In this case, there are two directions for interpreting the data.

Firstly, the obtained indicators can characterize a person who, with all his might, wants to appear socially normative, “good,” as it seems to her. Typically, such people demonstrate reduced self-criticism, behave pretentiously, insincerely, and sometimes turn out to be demonstrative individuals. By observing them additionally, one can come to exactly this conclusion. In this case, data about the character traits of the subject are unreliable, although they provided certain information.

Secondly, similar results can be given by a passive person who tries to be inconspicuous and does not strive for high achievements. Such a person is unlikely to become the master of his own destiny, a leader in a team, an entrepreneur or a fighter for ideas. He would rather plunge into mysticism and faith in God than to decisively change his destiny. Research suggests that such people cannot withstand difficult life circumstances.

02 Most of the values of the accentuated character traits were at or above 19 points. In all likelihood, we have before us a difficult person to communicate with, with many “sharp” angles, but, of course, he is a bright personality. If individual traits reach a score of 22 or higher, then there are obvious accentuations, which, as a rule, is a sign of communication problems.

03 The graphical curve has a distinct “jagged” profile - high and low values alternate. Such a graph occurs most often and requires special attention when interpreting, because behind individual indicators there can be hidden both a completely adequate, “living” person, with his own characterological advantages and disadvantages, and a person who is very problematic in communicative and educational terms.

04 Against the general “even” background of average and low indicators, one pronounced value stands out, or a value that falls into the zone above the average. In this case, we can talk about a pronounced type of accentuation, or a tendency to behave in accordance with the main characteristics of this type. A detailed description of each type is given in Section 4 of this manual.

05 Against the general “even” background of average and low indicators, several (2 or 3) pronounced values stand out, or values that fall into the zone above average. In this case, it is necessary to refer to the description of combinations of traits.

Specific groups of indicators

When analyzing individual combinations of traits, first of all, you should pay attention to two groups of indicators.

01 Accentuations based on energy-dynamic manifestations - hyperthymicity, cyclothymicity, demonstrativeness.
If all indicators on the corresponding scales are below 7 points, then this is evidence of a lack of energy resources necessary for vigorous activity.
If these indicators exceed the limits of 18 points, we are dealing with a person with powerful vital forces.

02 Accentuations based on emotions and feelings are stuck, excitability, emotiveness, anxiety, exaltation.
If all or almost all indicators of these accentuations are below 7 points, this indicates a lack of expressive reactions to what is happening, which, as a rule, leads to low contact with others.
If many of the indicated characteristics turned out to be above 18 points, then we are dealing with the exact opposite person, whose emotional and sensory life is so diverse that it becomes beyond the control of reason. Naturally, she has communication problems, since emotions and feelings can manifest themselves too vividly and inappropriately to situations.

ŠMIŠEKA QUESTIONNAIRE

Review

Personality questionnaire . Designed to diagnose the type of personality accentuation, it is the implementation of a typological approach to its study. Published by G. Smishek in 1970. The test consists of 88 questions that require a “yes” or “no” answer. A shortened version of the questionnaire has also been developed. Using this technique, the following 10 types of personality accentuation are determined:

1. Demonstrative type. Characterized by increased capacity for displacement.

2. Pedantic type. Persons of this type are characterized by increased rigidity, inertia of mental processes, and inability to repress traumatic experiences.

3. "Stuck" type. Characterized by excessive persistence of affect.

4. Excitable type. Increased impulsiveness, weakening control over drives and impulses.

5. Hyperthymic type. Increased mood level combined with optimism and high activity.

6. Dysthymic type. Decreased mood, pessimism, fixation of the shadow sides of life, lethargy.

7.Anxious and fearful. Tendency to fear, timidity and timidity.

8.Cyclothymic type. Change of hyperthymic and dysthymic phases.

9. Affectively exalted. Ease of transition from a state of delight to a state of sadness. Delight and sadness are the main conditions accompanying this type.

10.Emotive type. Related to affective-exalted, but the manifestations are not so violent. Persons of this type are particularly impressionable and sensitive.

The maximum score for each type of accentuation is 24 points. A score above 12 points is considered a sign of accentuation. The obtained data can be presented in the form of a “personal accentuation profile”.

The theoretical basis of the questionnaire is the concept of “accentuated personalities” K. Leonhard. In accordance with this concept, all personality traits can be divided into basic and additional. The main features are the core of personality; they determine its development, adaptation processes, and mental health. When significantly expressed, the main features characterize the personality as a whole. When exposed to unfavorable factors, they can acquire a pathological character, destroying the structure of the personality. Personalities whose main features are clearly expressed are called accentuated by K. Leonhard. Accented personalities should not be considered pathological. This is a case of “sharpening” certain characteristics inherent in each person. According to K. Leonhard, accentuated personalities potentially contain both the possibility of socially positive achievements and a socially negative charge.

K. Leonhard identified 10 types of accentuated personalities, which are quite arbitrarily divided into two groups: character accentuations (demonstrative, pedantic, stuck, excitable) and temperament accentuations (hyperthymic, dysthymic, anxious-fearful, cyclothymic, affective-exalted, emotive). Concept of accentuated personalities K. Leonhard had a significant influence on the development Pathocharacterological diagnostic questionnaire.

The validity and reliability of the test require further study. According to the author himself, the shortened version of the questionnaire is not sufficiently valid and reliable for diagnosing the type of personality accentuation. In Russian psychology, the questionnaire was used in clinical psychological studies. (V.M. Bleicher, I.V. Kruk, 1986). In a study by L.F. Burlachuk and V. Dukhnevich (1998), a psychometric study of the methodology was carried out, and normative data for a student sample were proposed.

Age______

Date of_________

Instructions:

Children's version.

1. Are you usually calm and cheerful?

2. Do you get offended or upset easily?

3. Do you cry easily?

4. How many times do you check for errors in your work?

5.Are you as strong as your classmates?

6. Do you easily move from joy to sadness and vice versa?

7. Do you like to be in charge of the game?

8. Are there days when you get angry at everyone for no reason?

9. Are you a serious person?

10. Do you always try to conscientiously complete teachers’ assignments?

11. Can you invent new games?

12. Do you quickly forget if you have offended someone?

13. Do you consider yourself kind, do you know how to sympathize?

14. After throwing a letter into the mailbox, do you check with your hand whether it is stuck in the slot?

15. Do you try to be the best at school, in the sports section, in the circle?

16. When you were little, were you afraid of thunderstorms or dogs?

17. Do guys think you are too diligent and careful?

18. Does your mood depend on home and school activities?

19. Can you say that most of your friends love you?

20. Do you ever feel restless in your soul?

21. Are you usually a little sad?

22. When experiencing grief, have you ever cried?

23. Do you find it difficult to stay in one place?

24.. Do you fight for your rights when you are treated unfairly?

25. Have you ever shot cats with a slingshot?

26. Does it irritate you when a curtain or tablecloth hangs unevenly?

27. When you were little, were you afraid to be alone at home?

28. Does it ever happen that you feel happy or sad for no reason?

29. Are you one of the best students in the class?

30. Do you often have fun and fool around?

31. Do you get angry easily?

32. Do you sometimes feel very happy?

33. Do you know how to make guys laugh?

34. Can you directly tell someone everything you think about them?

35. Are you afraid of blood?

36. Are you willing to carry out school assignments?

37. Will you stand up for those who have been treated unfairly?

38. Do you feel uncomfortable entering a dark, empty room?

39. Do you prefer slow and precise work than fast and less precise work?

40. Do you meet people easily?

41. Are you willing to perform at matinees and evenings?

42. Have you ever run away from home?

43. Have you ever been so upset because of a quarrel with kids or teachers that you couldn’t go to school?

44. Does life seem difficult to you?

45. Can you laugh at yourself when you fail?

46. Do you try to make peace if the quarrel was not your fault?

47. Do you love animals?

48. When leaving home, did you have to come back to check if anything had happened?

49. Do you sometimes think that something is going to happen to you or your family?

50. Does your mood depend on the weather?

51. Do you find it difficult to answer in class, even if you know the answer to the question?

52. If you are angry with someone, can you start fighting?

53. Do you like being among guys?

54. If you fail at something, can you despair?

55. Can you organize a game or work?

56. Do you persistently strive for your goal, even if there are difficulties along the way?

57. Have you ever cried while watching a movie or reading a sad book?

58. Do you find it difficult to sleep because of some worries?

59. Do you give me hints or let me cheat?

60. Are you afraid to walk alone along a dark street in the evening?

61. Do you make sure that every thing is in its place?

62. Does it ever happen to you that you go to bed in a good mood, but wake up in a bad mood?

63. Do you feel free with strangers (in a new class, camp)?

64. Do you ever have a headache?

65. Do you laugh often?

66. If you don’t respect a person, can you behave with him in such a way that he doesn’t notice it (not show your disrespect)?

67. Can you do many different things in one day?

68. Are you often treated unfairly?

69. Do you love nature?

70. When leaving home and going to bed, do you check to see if the door is locked and the lights are turned off?

71. Are you as fearful as you think?

72. Does your mood change at the festive table?

73. Do you participate in a drama club, do you like to read poetry from the stage?

74. Do you sometimes have a gloomy mood for no particular reason, in which you don’t want to talk to anyone?

75. Does it happen that you think about the future with sadness?

76. Do you experience unexpected transitions from joy to sadness?

77. Do you know how to entertain guests?

78. Do you stay angry and offended for a long time?

79. Do you worry a lot if grief happens to your friends?

80. Will you start rewriting a sheet of paper in your notebook because of a mistake or blot?

81. Do you consider yourself distrustful?

82. Do you often have scary dreams?

83. Do you have a desire to jump out of a window or throw yourself under a car?

84. Do you feel bad if everyone around you is having fun?

85. If you have troubles, can you forget about them for a while and not think about them constantly?

86. Do you do things that are unexpected for yourself?

87. Are you usually laconic and silent?

88. Could you, while participating in a dramatic performance, get into the role so much that you forget that you are not the same as on stage?

First Name_______________ Last Name________________ Gender______

Age______

Date of_________

Instructions:

“You are asked to answer 88 questions relating to various aspects of your personality. Next to the question number, put a + (yes) sign if you agree, or - (no) if you disagree. Answer quickly, don’t hesitate.”

Adult option.

1. Is your mood generally cheerful and carefree?

2. Are you sensitive to insults?

3. Have you ever cried quickly?

4. Do you always consider yourself to be right in what you do, and you will not rest until you

are you sure about this?

5. Do you consider yourself more courageous than in childhood?

6. Can your mood change from deep joy to deep sadness?

7. Are you the center of attention in the company?

8. Do you have days when you are in a sullen and irritable mood for no good reason and don’t want to talk to anyone?

9. Are you a serious person?

10. Can you get very excited?

11. Are you entrepreneurial?

12. Do you quickly forget if someone offends you?

13. Are you a kind-hearted person?

14. After you put a letter in the mailbox, do you try to check whether it is still hanging in the slot?

15. Do you always try to be conscientious at work?

16. Did you experience fear of thunderstorms or dogs as a child?

17. Do you think other people are not demanding enough of each other?

18. Does your mood depend greatly on life events and experiences?

19. Are you always straightforward with your friends?

20. Is your mood often depressed?

21. Have you ever had a hysterical attack or exhaustion of the nervous system?

22. Are you prone to states of intense inner restlessness or passionate desire?

23. Is it difficult for you to sit on a chair for a long time?

24. Do you fight for your interests if someone treats you unfairly?

25. Could you kill a person?

26. Does a curtain hanging askew or an uneven tablecloth really bother you, so much so that you want to immediately eliminate these shortcomings?

27. As a child, did you experience fear when you were alone in the apartment?

28. Do you often change your mood for no reason?

29. Are you always diligent in your activities?

30. Can you get angry quickly?

31. Can you be recklessly cheerful?

32. Can you sometimes be completely imbued with a feeling of joy?

33. Are Livas suitable for entertaining?

34. Do you usually express your frank opinion to people on a particular issue?

35. Does the type of blood affect you?

36. Are you willing to engage in activities associated with great responsibility?

37. Are you inclined to stand up for a person who has been treated unfairly?

38. Is it difficult for you to enter a dark basement?

39. Do you do painstaking menial work as slowly and carefully as you do what you love?

40. Are you a sociable person?

41. Did you willingly recite poetry at school?

42. Did you run away from home as a child?

43. Do you find life difficult?

44. Have you ever had conflicts and troubles that got on your nerves so much that you didn’t go to work?

45. Can we say that when you fail, you don’t lose your sense of humor?

46. Will you take the first step towards reconciliation if someone insults you?

47. Do you love animals?

48. Will you leave work or home if something is wrong with you?

49. Are you tormented by vague thoughts that some misfortune will happen to you or your relatives?

50. Do you think that your mood depends on the weather?

51. Would it be difficult for you to perform on stage in front of a large crowd?

52. Can you lose your temper and give free rein if someone deliberately rudely angers you?

53. Do you communicate a lot?

54. If you are disappointed with something, will you despair?

55. Do you like organizational work?

56. Do you persistently strive for your goal, even if there are many obstacles along the way?

57. Can you be so captivated by a movie that tears come to your eyes?

58. Will it be difficult for you to fall asleep if you have been thinking about your future or some problem all day?

59. During your school years, did you have to use hints or copy homework from your friends?

60. Is it difficult for you to go to the cemetery at night?

61. Do you take great care to ensure that every thing in the house is in its place?

62. Have you ever gone to bed in a good mood, but woke up in a dejected mood and remained in that mood for several hours?

63. Can you easily adapt to a new situation?

64. Are you prone to headaches?

65. Do you laugh often?

66. Can you be friendly with people without revealing your true attitude towards them?

67. Can you be called a lively and lively person?

68. Do you suffer greatly because of injustice?

69. Can you be called a passionate nature lover?

70. Do you have a habit of checking before going to bed or before leaving whether the gas and lights are turned off, and whether the door is closed?

71. Are you timid?

72. Does it happen that you feel in seventh heaven, although there are no objective reasons for this?

73. In your youth, were you willing to participate in amateur art groups and a theater group?

74. Do you sometimes feel drawn to look into the distance?

75. Do you look pessimistically at the future?

76. Can your mood change from extreme joy to deep sadness in a short period of time?

77. Is it easy for you to lift your spirits in a friendly company?

78. Do you endure anger for a long time?

79. Do you worry a lot if grief happens to another person?

80. At school, did you have the habit of rewriting a piece of paper in your notebook if you put a blot on it?

81. Can we say that you are more distrustful and cautious than trusting?

82. Do you often have scary dreams?

83. Have you ever had the idea of throwing yourself out of a window against your will, under an approaching train?

84. Do you become joyful in a cheerful environment?

85. Can you easily distract yourself from burdensome issues and not think about them?

86. Do you find it difficult to control yourself if you get angry?

87. Do you prefer to be silent (yes), or are you talkative (no)?

88. If you had to take part in a theatrical performance, could you fully

by penetration and transformation to enter into the role and forget about yourself?

Keys

If the answer to a question matches the key, the answer is assigned one point.

1. Demonstrativeness/demonstrative type:

+ : 7, 19, 22, 29. 41, 44, 63, 66, 73, 85, 88.

Multiply the sum of the answers by 2.

2. Jam/Stuck Type:

+ : 2, 15,24,34,37,56,68,78,81.

Multiply the sum of the answers by 2.

3. Pedantic/pedantic type:

+ : 4, 14, 17, 26, 39, 48, 58, 61, 70, 80, 83.

Multiply the sum of the answers by 2.

4. Excitability/excitable type:

+ : 8, 20, 30, 42, 52, 64, 74, 86.