The Kamchatka Territory is one of the richest territories in the world in terms of natural resources. Kamchatka is also the richest mineral resource province in Russia. The resource potential of the peninsula's subsoil is estimated at $65 billion.
The objects of most close attention at the first stages of development of the region's mineral resources include deposits of precious metals and nickel. To date, 63 gold deposits (11 primary and 52 alluvial) have been identified and accounted for in the Kamchatka Territory. As of the beginning of 2012, the Kamchatka Territory has balance sheet gold reserves of 206,680.9 kg.
In 2006, industrial gold mining began at the Aginskoye deposit, and in 2011 the first gold was mined at the Asachinskoye deposit. In total, 3033.44 kg of gold was mined in 2011. In subsequent years, gold production volumes will increase.
In the region, the balance of reserves takes into account 5 deposits of platinum group metals (4 alluvial and 1 primary (copper-nickel deposit Shanuch). The total reserves of platinum group metals at the beginning of 2012 amounted to 1176.6 kg, off-balance reserves are taken into account in the amount of 1184.8 kg. Alluvial deposits contain 54 .5% of balance reserves.
Deposits of ore and placer gold, platinum, silver, ferrous metals, nickel, copper, tin, lead, zinc, and mercury have been explored here.
The activities of the mining complex of the Kamchatka Territory are largely determined by the enterprises that are part of the Renova group of companies, managed by CJSC Koryakgeoldobycha and OJSC Gold of Kamchatka. CJSC Koryakgeoldobycha is one of the three leaders in terms of platinum mining volumes in Russia. Over the past ten years, the company has mined at least 2.5 tons of platinum annually.
CJSC Koryakgeoldobycha has the following licenses:
Linverenwayam Creek placer gold deposit;
Levtyrinyvayam deposit (platinum);
Amethyst deposit (gold, silver).
OJSC Gold of Kamchatka owns 100% of the shares of the largest gold mining companies in the region - CJSC Kamgold, CJSC KGD - Amethyst, CJSC Bystrinskaya Mining Company and CJSC Kamchatka Gold.
The licensing fund of the company group is distributed as follows:
JSC "Kamgold"
Aginskoye deposit (gold, silver), production in 2008 amounted to 1400 kg;
Kopylinskaya Square (gold, silver);
Oganchinskoe ore field (gold, silver);
CJSC "Kamchatsky Gold"
Zolotoe ore field (gold, silver);
Baranevskoe deposit (gold, silver);
Bystrinskaya Mining Company LLC holds a license for geological exploration and development of the Kumroch ore field (gold, silver).
The second largest company developing gold deposits in the region is CJSC Trevozhnoe Zarevo, a subsidiary of the British Trans-Siberian Gold (TSG). Trevozhny Zarev owns licenses for the development of the Asachinskoye and Rodnikovoe gold and silver deposits. In 2008, with some delay, the construction of the production complex of the Asachinskoye field was carried out. Commercial production at the Rodnikovo deposit should begin by 2013.
Industrial mining of indigenous gold began in the Kamchatka Territory in 2006 at the Aginskoye deposit in the Bystrinsky district (the design capacity of the mine is 3 tons of metal per year). The volume of ore production for 9 months of 2006 amounted to 81,733 tons, for 9 months of 2007 - 114,869 tons, which amounted to 140.5% compared to the same period of the previous year. The design level of production is at least 3000 kg of gold. Currently, 630 people work at the Aginsky GOK, 80% of whom are residents of the Kamchatka Territory. 
In the Kamchatka Territory, placer gold is mined in the amount of 100-150 kg per year. In 2007, mining and exploration work at placer deposits in the region was carried out by two enterprises:
CJSC "Artel of Prospectors "Kamchatka" developed the placers of the Lesnoy and Grivna streams and the Pravaya Gorelaya river. 28 kg of gold were mined at the Lesnoy stream deposit, mining losses amounted to 2 kg, the increase in reserves was 10 kg. 38 kg of gold was extracted from the placer of the Grivna stream , losses during mining amounted to 5 kg, the increase in reserves was 11 kg. The balance reserves of the Pravaya Gorelaya river placer were fully developed back in 2006, in the reporting year the operational increase in reserves amounted to 46 kg of gold (42 kg were mined, losses - 4 kg) .
In 2007, CJSC Koryakgeoldobycha extracted 2 kg of gold during mining of the Olkhovaya-1 placer; the increase in reserves amounted to 1 kg. At the initiative of the subsoil user, the right to use subsoil was terminated, the license was cancelled, and the remaining reserves were transferred to the undistributed fund.
In accordance with the projects of subsoil user companies, 6 more enterprises will join the currently operating two mining enterprises - platinum (Galmoenan) and gold (Aginsky GOK) by 2015.
At the Asachinsky deposit of the Elizovsky district, CJSC "Trevozhnoe Zarevo" is already building a mining and processing enterprise with an annual productivity of 3 tons of gold. The annual productivity of the Baranyevsky Mining and Processing Plant is 3.2 tons of gold. At the Amethyst deposit, a mining and processing plant with an annual productivity of 2.5 tons is planned. The first stage of the Ozernovsky mining and processing plant with an annual productivity of 3 tons. At the Rodnikovo deposit, the productivity of the mining and processing plant will also be 3 tons. At the Kumroch deposit, a mining and processing plant with an annual productivity of 2.5 tons is planned. At the Mutnovskoe deposit, the planned commissioning of the mining and processing plant is 2015 with an annual productivity of 2.5 tons.
British Trans-Siberian Gold (TSG) has protected in the State Reserves Reserves the reserves of the Rodnikovoe deposit in Kamchatka in the amount of 30.888 tons (993.1 thousand ounces) of gold and 258.3 tons (8.3 million ounces) of silver in categories C1 + C2, it says company message.
The total volume of ore is 5.8 million tons with an average gold content of 5.3 g/t, silver - 44.6 million tons with a cut-off grade of 2 g/t.
The State Reserves Committee also approved a preliminary feasibility study (feasibility study) for Rodnikovovo
More details:
Kamchatka enterprises increased gold production by a quarter in 2015. The volume of precious metal extracted was almost 4.2 tons. Compared to 2014, the production of both primary (122.2%) and alluvial (116.2%) gold increased. In addition, more silver began to be mined - almost 4 thousand tons, which is 118.5% of the 2014 level. This was reported by the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Kamchatka Territory. “Extraction of precious metals is one of the most promising areas for the development of the mining industry and, in general, the entire economy of the region. We are actively developing this industry,” said the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Kamchatka Territory. - Last year, the construction of a gold extraction plant and a mining and processing plant at the Amethyst gold deposit was completed. In 2015, it produced almost 500 kg of gold and more than 1000 kg of silver. The design capacity of the mining and processing plant is 500 thousand tons of ore per year, annual gold production is up to 4.3 tons. Gradually, the enterprise will reach these capacities, which will allow us to almost double gold production in the region. The total volume of investments in Amethyst in 2015 amounted to 5 billion 150 million rubles.”
The construction of the Ametistovy mining and processing complex was given the status of a particularly significant investment project in the Kamchatka Territory. This allows the company to receive additional government support measures, including tax benefits.
Also in the Kamchatka Territory, the extraction of precious metals is carried out by 8 more enterprises: Koryakgeoldobycha CJSC, Kamgold JSC, Kamchatka Gold JSC, Trevozhnoe Zarevo JSC, Prospectors' Artel "Vector Plus" LLC, Prospectors' Artel "Kamchatka" LLC ", Andradit LLC, Penzhinskaya Mining Company LLC.
CJSC Koryakgeoldobycha: alluvial platinum extracted - 279 kg (55.8% of the 2014 production level);
CJSC "Kamgold" at the Aginskoye and Yuzhno-Aginskoye gold and silver deposits: gold produced - 1050 kg (163.1% of the production level for 2014), silver - 689 kg (116.1%);
CJSC "Kamchatsky Gold": gold produced - 1313 kg (97.8% of the production level for 2014), silver produced - 644 kg (113.4%);
Alluvial gold mining in the Penzhinsky region is carried out by the enterprises "Vector Plus Prospectors' Artel" LLC, "Kamchatka Prospectors' Artel" LLC, "Andradit" LLC, and "Penzhinskaya Mining Company" LLC. The volume of alluvial gold production in 2015 amounted to 86 kg (115.1% of the 2014 production level).
The extraction of common minerals (CPM) in 2015 was carried out by 9 enterprises. In total, 844.2 thousand m3 of mineral resources were extracted, including: building stone - 315.9 thousand m3, sand and gravel mixture - 343.7 thousand m3 and construction sand - 177.0 thousand m3. According to information provided by subsoil users, tax revenues and other payments to all levels of the budget of the Russian Federation from the activities of mining enterprises in the Kamchatka Territory for 2015 amounted to 2385.0 million rubles, including to the consolidated budget of the Kamchatka Territory - 1296.0 million rubles. According to the regional Ministry of Finance, revenues to the regional budget of payments for the mineral extraction tax for 2015 amounted to 330.639 million rubles, including the tax on the extraction of mineral resources - 10.665 million rubles, which is 143.4% and 143.2%, respectively. % of last year's figures. The PK correspondent was informed about this by the press service of the governor and the Government of the Kamchatka Territory.
1. Introduction
Kamchatka is a wonderful land that was discovered by Russian Cossacks more than 300 years ago. Until 1990, no foreigner could set foot on Kamchatka soil, and even Russians required a special pass. But those who wanted to see the magical world of Kamchatka with their own eyes made their way there, despite all the obstacles. From now on, Kamchatka is open to everyone: tourists, scientists, and businessmen.
I was born on this land and therefore I know firsthand what Kamchatka breathes and how it lives. I know a lot myself, I heard a lot from my parents. I decided to choose the natural resource potential of Kamchatka as the topic of my essay. To do this, I found and studied information on this topic. I examined the role of the economy and industry of the Kamchatka region in our country. I also decided to find out how she can develop and what problems prevent her from doing so. What is the richness of Kamchatka land, what natural resources does it have. Having studied all this, I compiled this essay
2. Business card
Date of formation. The Kamchatka region was formed on October 20, 1932 as part of the Khabarovsk Territory, from January 23, 1956 it was separated into an independent region of the RSFSR, and is part of the Far Eastern economic region.
General information. At the beginning of 2005, the economically active population of the region was 200.8 thousand people (in 1990 there were approximately 472 thousand), in the Koryak National District - 28.5 thousand people, of which 178.0 thousand people were employed in the economy . Indigenous peoples (mainly: Koryaks, Itelmens, Chukchis, Evens and Aleuts) make up approximately 3% of the population. Russians 83%.
The number of officially registered unemployed with the employment service was 9.1 thousand people or 4.4% of the economically active population.
Economy. Among the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District in terms of production of gross regional product (GRP) per capita, the Kamchatka region, according to the latest published statistics, ranks fifth, and in the Russian Federation – seventeenth. In the total regional products of Russia, the share of the Kamchatka region is insignificant and amounts to 0.3%.
In 2001 and 2002, the region experienced a decrease in the physical volume of gross regional product by 4.1% and 3.6%, respectively; in 2003, there was an increase of 5.8%.
The leading industries providing the bulk of GRP are: industry, construction, trade and public catering, transport and communications, agriculture. In 2003, these industries accounted for more than two-thirds (68%) of gross value added. Industrial enterprises of the region produced a third of the regional gross product, construction accounted for 10.6%, trade - 10%. Transport and communications produced 7.7% of gross value added, agriculture accounted for 6.4%.
Industry. The basic branch of industry and the economy as a whole is the fishing industry. The products of the fishing industry in the structure of industrial production are about 60%. Electric power (in the context of a local energy system - the infrastructure sector) forms 22.7% of industrial production volumes, non-ferrous metallurgy - 8.0%, mechanical engineering and metalworking - 5.0% (fishing industry infrastructure sector), food and flavoring - 4.9%. Other industries, in total, form about 4% of industrial production.
In the volumes of industrial production of the Russian Federation, the region’s share is extremely insignificant and has been 0.3% in recent years; in the Far Eastern Federal District it is about 7%.
At the same time, the Kamchatka region forms 13.6% of the production of food fish products in the Russian Federation and 17.4% of fish catching and seafood production in the Russian Federation.
In the Far Eastern Federal District, the Kamchatka region ranks first in the production of consumer goods per capita, in the production of the fishing industry - second, in the gas and printing industry - third.
During the implementation of a comprehensive program of transferring electricity and heat supply to the region to non-traditional renewable energy sources and local fuels, electricity production using local and non-traditional sources increased to 174.2 million kW/hour, or 10.8% of total production for the year.
Investments. The basis of the regional economy, the fishing industry, continues to be an object of fairly high investment attractiveness for investors, including foreign ones, who have the opportunity, desire and ability to finance fairly large medium-term investment projects. Basically, and first of all, these are projects for the introduction of advanced technologies for deep and complex processing of fish and seafood, which ensures an increase in added value while maintaining production volumes. Particular attention should be paid to improving the quality and expanding the range of products produced, improving storage and transportation methods. The share of investment in the fishing industry is 10-11 percent of the total investment in the Kamchatka region, the share of foreign investment varies from 60 to 70 percent over the years.
The main volume of investments (up to 50 percent), including budget ones, is directed to priority sectors - electric power industry, transport, including the main pipeline (construction of a gas pipeline from the Sobolevsky district to the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky).
In the last two years, the mining of minerals – gold (Aginskoye deposit), copper and nickel (Shanuch deposit) – has been developing dynamically. In 2004, the volume of investments in this industry increased by 50 percent compared to 2003 and amounted to about 12 percent of total investments.
Financial indicators. In 2004, the profits of enterprises in the Kamchatka region significantly exceeded losses, and the balanced financial result amounted to 4.3 billion rubles. The industry received 4.2 billion rubles of profit, including 3.3 billion rubles in the electric power industry, and 228 million rubles in the fishing industry. Profit in agriculture amounted to 390 million rubles, in communications – 274 million rubles.
Standard of living. The average per capita real disposable cash income of the region's population has been growing steadily over the past four years. The ratio of average per capita income to the cost of living for 2004 as a whole amounted to 193.4%, which is 4.96 percentage points higher than the same figure for 2003. At the same time, the current level of well-being, employment, as well as the degree of stratification by income level cannot satisfy the population of the Kamchatka region, regional government bodies and local self-government.
Administrative division
Administrative center: the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (founded 1741)
Area of the region: 472.3 thousand square meters. km.
On the territory of the region there are two subjects of the Russian Federation - the Kamchatka region and the Koryak Autonomous Okrug (united since June 2007). The region consists of 4 cities (2 of regional subordination), 7 districts.
The distance from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky to Moscow is 11,876 km.
3. Features of the geographical location
In the west, the peninsula is washed by the cold Sea of Okhotsk, in the east by the Bering Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The northern point of the region is located almost at the Arctic Circle (65ºN), the southern point - Cape Lopatka rises above the First Kuril Strait (51ºN). Kamchatka is mainly a mountainous country. Two main ridges stretch along the peninsula for many hundreds of kilometers: the Sredinny, the longest, and the Eastern, between which is the Central Kamchatka Lowland with the main river of the peninsula, the Kamchatka. The peninsula belongs to a zone of active volcanic activity; on its territory there are about 300 large and medium-sized volcanoes, 29 of which are active volcanoes. Here is the highest volcano in Eurasia, one of the highest active volcanoes in the world - Klyuchevskaya Sopka (4750m). The activity of volcanoes is associated with the formation of many minerals, as well as hydrothermal activity: the appearance of hot springs, the formation of fumaroles, geysers and other manifestations. The coast and south of the peninsula are characterized by a maritime climate, while the central and northern parts are characterized by a continental climate. Winter on the peninsula differs in its different parts: snowy and mild on the coast, frosty in the central part and far from the coast, harsh and windy in the north. Snow falls at the end of September in the north, and at the end of October in the south. Summer is relatively cool on the coast, and quite hot in the central part.
In the southern part of the peninsula there are no severe frosts in winter and hot days in summer. Summers here are cool with many foggy and rainy days. As you move north and deeper into the peninsula, the climate becomes more continental, the influence of the large land areas of the Asian continent and the protection of the ridges from the influence of the seas are more pronounced. All these climatic factors significantly shorten the normal duration of summer for these latitudes and lengthen winter. Another feature of the climate of Kamchatka, located in a zone of intense cyclonic activity, is strong winds. Cyclones bring with them heavy rainfall. The largest number of them occurs in the southern and southeastern regions of the peninsula, where up to 2200 mm of precipitation falls per year. These indicators claim to call Kamchatka the wettest region of Russia. As you move away from the coast, the amount of precipitation decreases sharply: on the northeastern coast - up to 500-600 mm, in the Central Kamchatka Lowland - 400 mm, and in the extreme north-west - 300 mm. The average January temperature in Central Kamchatka is 22°; it rises towards the east coast. On the coast and slopes of coastal volcanoes, thaws are common in winter, with positive temperatures even in January and February. The highest temperatures are in August, but the absolute highest values were recorded in July, in the central region of the peninsula (+ 37°). The number of warm days with temperatures above + 20° in Kamchatka is small. On the coast throughout the summer, from 1 to 6 of them are observed, in the mainland up to 20-30, in the Kamchatka River valley - even more, up to 50.
In 1923, a map of mineral resources of Kamchatka was compiled on which the following mineral resources and the number of occurrences were highlighted: used: mineral springs; inspected: copper (Commanders), coal, graphite, mineral springs; known from unverified data: iron, silver-lead-zinc, mercury, molybdenum, copper, coal, oil, sulfur, mineral springs. In addition, there was information about kaolin, gypsum, amber, precious and ornamental stones. Of course, this was only information about mineral resources, often even unverified. Neither their exact location, nor their quality, nor their parameters have been studied.
The region has the richest reserves of mineral resources: gas, coal, native sulfur, thermal waters, primary and placer gold and silver, nickel, copper, platinum, tin, lead, zinc.
When carrying out a sheet-by-sheet geological survey in 1962, in the area west of the city of Elizovo, weight contents of gold in concentrates were discovered - up to 22 g per cubic meter. The favorable geographical and economic position of the placer, a good transport network, proximity to the city - all this made it possible to quickly begin the development of the deposit. Already in 1964, the first 36 kg of gold were obtained at the mine, and the weight of individual nuggets reached more than 200 g. Then placers of the Goltsovok, Kameshkova, Kapitanskaya rivers, the Iudumich stream and others were discovered. In the north, in the Penzhinsky district.
More than 400 gold ore occurrences and points of mineralization are known, for example, Amethyst, Baranevskoye, Zolotoye, Kungurtsevskoye and Kumroch deposits, but most of those on the peninsula remain unappreciated. In the future, there is the possibility of creating large gold mining enterprises that will play a significant role in gold mining in Russia. So far, over all the years of operation of the deposits, about 11 tons of gold have been extracted, with an estimated total reserve of more than 200 tons.
The forecast gold reserves on the peninsula are estimated at 800 tons, while the potential of Kamchatka has not yet been fully explored. For now, most of these deposits remain untouched.
As geological exploration shows, the gold deposits of Kamchatka are classified as large - they contain from 30 to 70 tons of metal. The conversion rate of predicted resources into confirmed ones is almost one to one, and the gold content per ton of ore is a record. For example, at the Aginskoye deposit it reaches 38 grams. For comparison: the average gold content per ton of ore at Sukhoi Log in Siberia is 2.7 grams. The resource base of “Gold of Kamchatka” is 380 tons of gold. The main objects of work are the Baranyevskoye and Kymroch deposits, as well as a group of deposits in the area of the Aginsky mining and processing plant.
The search for platinum in Kamchatka began back in the 50s. However, to no avail. When interest in searching for her completely faded, it turned out that there was actually a prospect. In 1990, during spot testing of the Levtyrinyvayam River, loose sediments were discovered. The platinum content reached 1.22 g per cubic meter. During 1991-1992, exploration work revealed a productive formation up to two meters thick with a platinum content of up to 8 g per cubic meter. In 1994, simultaneously with exploration, 662 kg /21.3 thousand ounces/ of platinum were mined. In total, about 20 tons /643 thousand ounces/ of precious metal were extracted from two placers over these years.
In accordance with the projects of subsoil user companies, by 2018 the production of ore gold on the peninsula will reach 18 tons, platinum - 3 tons per year and will be maintained at this level until 2025, as well as in subsequent years.
The region has large predicted and significant explored reserves of ore and valuable non-metallic minerals. The balance reserves of basic minerals are estimated at $15 billion. The annual absolute rent in the mining industry of Kamchatka can range from 30 to 50 million dollars. The giant reserves of environmentally friendly fresh and various mineral underground waters of the peninsula are estimated at the same value of potential absolute rent.
There is a deposit of mercury ores (Strait of Okhotsk), coal and non-metallic minerals are mined in Corfu - perlites, zeolites, gravel, ASG, clays, etc.
The region is rich in a variety of building materials. There are 64 deposits of volcanic slag and pumice on the balance sheet. A comprehensive geological and economic assessment of mineral resources shows that the potential of the peninsula without taking into account water and fuel and energy resources, sulfur, and local mineral raw materials in world prices is estimated at more than $20 billion.
The total forecast resources of non-ferrous metals for five objects in the Kamchatka Territory are: 1295 thousand tons of nickel, cobalt - 31.6 thousand tons, copper - 3053 thousand tons. And if we talk about the hydrocarbon potential of Kamchatka’s land, it is estimated at 1.4 billion tons of oil equivalent.
Onshore gas reserves in Kamchatka are relatively small: in the late eighties of the last century, four gas condensate fields were discovered here with total explored reserves in the C1 category of about 16 billion cubic meters. m - Kshukskoye, Nizhne-Kvakchikskoye, Sredne-Kunzhinskoye and North-Kolpakovskoye.
The Western Kamchatka shelf has significant gas resources. Total gas reserves on the shelf could reach about 10 trillion by 2020. cubic meters
Kamchatka today is one of the few large regions in the country, and throughout the world, where the primary natural structure of landscapes and ecosystems has been highly preserved. At the same time, the development of mineral resources (primarily gold) in the region is gaining momentum. As before, without attempting a comprehensive study of the problem, the focus is on large-scale development of hydrocarbons and minerals in Kamchatka and the Kamchatka shelf in the Sea of Okhotsk and Bering Sea.
09/23/2010 | Information on the role of the mining complex in the socio-economic development of the Kamchatka Territory (based on the results of work for 6 months of 2010)
The mining and mineral processing industry in the Kamchatka Territory is currently undergoing the first stage of its development. The determining factors of this stage are:
1. Formation of the mineral resource base for future production.
2. Capital investments in the development of mining, processing and related industries.
3. Development of territorial schemes for the development of industrial, transport and energy facilities.
4. Training of industry personnel potential.
The largest subsoil users operating in the Kamchatka Territory are: CJSC Koryakgeoldobycha - mining of placer platinum in the Olyutorsky municipal district at the Levtyrinvayam deposit, OJSC Gold of Kamchatka - gold mining (Aginskoye deposit), geological exploration at the sites of the Central Kamchatka ore district, Kumroch ore field in the Ust-Kamchatka region, construction of a mining and processing enterprise at the Amethyst deposit in the Penzhinsky municipal district, CJSC "Alarming Glow" - completion of the construction of the Asachi mining and processing plant, geological exploration in the Elizovsky municipal region, CJSC NPK "Geotechnology" - mining copper-nickel ores at the Shanuch deposit in the Bystrinsky municipal district, geological exploration, OJSC "Siberian Mining and Metallurgical Alliance" - geological exploration at the Ozernovsky ore field in the Karaginsky municipal district, OJSC "Kamchatgazprom" - gas production, geological exploration, OJSC "Geotherm" - extraction of steam-water mixture at the Mutnovskoye field, State Unitary Enterprise "Kamchatskburgeothermiya" - extraction of thermal and thermal energy waters in the Elizovsky, Bystrinsky, Ust-Bolsheretsky municipal districts, OJSC "Kamchatskstroymaterialy" - production of building materials.
Economic indicators of the mining industry for 6 months of 2010 are characterized by positive dynamics relative to the same period last year, with the exception of the amount of taxes paid. The decrease at the end of the half-year in 2010 is due to the untimely sale of marketable products by type of raw material - precious metals and the debt incurred by Kamgold CJSC to pay taxes to all levels of the budget in the amount of 42.2 million rubles. The tax debt, according to the taxpayer, was liquidated during July 2010. Production volumes of commercial products in general amounted to 136.6% compared to the same period last year. The region has produced more natural gas, copper-nickel concentrate, and raw materials for the production of building materials. The volume of precious metals production increased by 92 kg. At the end of the year, it is possible to increase the volume of placer gold production due to the work of prospecting teams in the north of the peninsula.
Receipts to the consolidated budget of the Kamchatka Territory for the 1st half of 2010, payments for the tax on the extraction of common minerals amounted (according to the Ministry of Finance of the Kamchatka Territory) to 6.642 million rubles, for the tax on the extraction of minerals (except for common minerals) amounted to 43.305 million rub.
A 2.4-fold increase in the receipt of payments for the extraction tax on common minerals compared to the same period in 2009 (RUB 2.751 million) is primarily due to the increased volume of construction work (primarily at the facilities of Gazprom Invest Vostok LLC). , reconstruction and repair of highways.
The volume of capital investments in the construction of new subsoil use facilities in the first half of 2010 increased by 20% compared to the same period last year (up to 450 million rubles), which is associated with the start of construction of infrastructure facilities at the Amethyst deposit in the Penzhinsky municipal district and the intensification of work to complete construction at Asachinskoye field in the Elizovsky municipal district.
The expansion of the mineral resource base of future production is due to an active increase in the volume of investments in geological exploration. During the first half of 2010, the total volume of investments in geological exploration work in the region increased more than 2 times and amounted to 970,045.6 thousand rubles, including 23,169 thousand rubles from the federal budget. For the same period in 2009, the volume of allocations for geological exploration work amounted to about 480,000 thousand rubles, including federal budget funds - 24,400 thousand rubles.
Conducting exploration work at subsoil use sites will allow this year to increase the reserves of copper-nickel ores at the Shanuch deposit, located in the Bystrinsky municipal district, by 1.5 million tons, and to prepare materials for placing the resources of the Baranyevskoye gold deposit on the state balance sheet of mineral reserves in 2011 , located in the Bystrinsky municipal district, to significantly increase gold reserves within the Kumroch ore field, located in the Ust-Kamchatsky municipal region. Active work continues on the exploration of large-volume reserves of copper and gold ores within the Maletoivayamskaya area, located in the Olyutorsky and Karaginsky municipal districts, where in the first half of the year the first positive results were obtained, indicating confirmation of the forecast for the discovery of an object with reserves of hundreds of tons of gold. Significant intensification of geological exploration work within the Ozernovsky ore field and the Tymlatskaya promising area, located in the Karaginsky municipal district, allows us to expect a significant increase (up to 40–60 tons at each site) in the balance reserves of gold at these sites in the coming years and the beginning of the design of mining and processing plants. production
In the near future, we should expect the intensification of work on exploratory drilling within the Kolpakovsky oil and gas trough in the Sobolevsky municipal district in accordance with the license for the right to use the subsoil of OJSC Kamchatgazprom, which will increase industrial reserves of natural gas and ensure a reliable mineral resource base for the constructed gas pipeline.
The immediate prospects for the development of the mining industry are as follows: by 2015, 6 mines should be built and begin mining gold and silver in the Kamchatka Territory: Asachinsky (2011), Baranevsky (2014), Amethyst (2012), Kumroch (2015). g.), Rodnikovy (2015), Ozernovsky (2015). Gold production will be 16 tons/year, subject to the implementation of projects and the continuation of the emerging positive macroeconomic trends, which include maintaining consistently high prices for mineral resources and activating the bank lending sector for large projects with a significant payback period.
The Shanuchsky nickel mine, operating in pilot production mode, should switch to industrial development mode in 2014. By 2017, on the Kvinumskaya area, located at the junction of the Ust-Bolsheretsky, Elizovsky and Sobolevsky municipal districts, balance reserves of nickel will be prepared and the second nickel mine in the Kamchatka Territory will be built. The total nickel production at the two enterprises will reach 15-20 thousand tons per year (in 2009 the enterprise produced about 8 thousand tons of nickel).
Total in the period 2010–2025. in the Kamchatka Territory, while maintaining the current level of prices for mineral raw materials, 238 tons of gold, 44 tons of platinum, 94 thousand tons of nickel, 17 billion m 3 of gas, 6.6 million tons of oil on land and 326.5 million tons of hydrocarbons can be produced oil equivalent on the shelf. Economic indicators of the mining industry will allow us to assume an increase in tax revenues to the budget of the Kamchatka Territory from the mineral extraction tax to 3,052 million rubles per year in 2025. The volume of the gross regional product of the industry in the structure of the economy of the Kamchatka Territory may amount to more than 12%, without taking into account the indicators for the implementation of shelf development projects. Currently, this figure does not exceed 4.2%.
Total investments in additional exploration, creation of mining and transport infrastructure for the mining industry in the period until 2025 are estimated at 33 billion rubles. in 2008 prices, excluding the costs of implementing offshore projects.
One of the tasks of managing the mineral resource complex is the creation of a diversified system of environmental management that quickly responds to changes in market operating conditions. Considering the development trend of the global market for natural raw materials, it is necessary to develop the extraction and use of:
Precious metals,
hydrocarbon raw materials,
Non-ferrous metals,
Balneological resources.
These four directions will significantly enhance the potential of the region. To meet the regional needs and demand of the Far Eastern constituent entities of the Russian Federation, in addition to the mentioned industries, full-scale development of the resources of underground drinking water, building materials, and coal is promising.
The volume of investments in the development of the industry will increase as the fields enter commercial production. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the amount of allocations allocated to create the necessary conditions for the development of industry - primarily infrastructure facilities. The implementation of projects for the development of deposits of non-ferrous metals and large-volume gold deposits is impossible without the creation of new energy capacities, roads, and terminals for receiving and processing cargo. A significant economic effect for the development of the industry can be achieved by the joint work of government authorities and subsoil users to create the necessary initial conditions for the development of new territories. The mechanism for such work is to attract funds from the Investment Fund of the Russian Federation to the formation of industrial clusters in areas where deposits are concentrated - the Central Kamchatka ore district and the North Kamchatka ore district. This work was started jointly with CJSC NPK Geotekhnologiya and OJSC Gold of Kamchatka. As a result of the implementation of the projects, the possibility of constructing a gas pipeline from the village will open up. Krutogorovo through the Shanuch deposit to the village. Milkovo. In this case, construction is also an important social project.
The work of industrial enterprises in the development of mineral resources in the region faces a number of unresolved issues in ensuring the process of construction and operation of enterprises. This is primarily the insufficient capacity of construction organizations, the absence of a number of specialized areas of construction activity, for example, the installation of technological equipment.
Another task, the solution of which is impossible without the support of the regional government authorities, is the problem of staffing the industry. Enterprises are experiencing an acute shortage of specialists in the field of geological exploration, construction, mining, technological processing of ores, providing production both among the engineering and technical level and workers. For some specialties, it is possible to open departments for training specialists directly in the Kamchatka Territory. Joint work with interested enterprises will help create the necessary training base and attract teaching staff.
Improving the necessary supply chain is important for the smooth operation of the industry. The technology of processing mineral raw materials is based on the need to use a number of specific components - explosives, chemicals, and special equipment. A serious obstacle to the provision of these materials is the unwillingness of transport organizations to ensure the delivery of such materials to the peninsula due to the lack of necessary licenses, permits, special transport, and storage facilities.
The experience of developing mineral resources in modern economic conditions has shown the need to intensify efforts to attract additional investment in the industry and develop new approaches to the implementation of management policies.
The main objects of subsoil use, primarily for liquid types of mineral raw materials - deposits of precious metals, nickel, hydrocarbons, thermal mineral waters, explored and assessed in previous periods, are in the distributed subsoil fund.
In accordance with the initial conditions for the use of subsoil for the main gold ore deposits, the provision of which was made for use at the end of the last and beginning of this decade, by now in the Kamchatka Territory gold mining should be carried out at eight sites - Aginsky, Amethyst, Asachinsky, Rodnikovy, Mutnovsky, Baranyevskoye, Zolotoye, Kumrochskoye deposits. Over the past period, changes have been repeatedly made to licensing agreements related to the postponement of deadlines and stages of work, a decrease in the volume of investments in field exploration and capital construction. As a result, the region lost about 45 tons of gold, about 1.5 billion rubles in taxes to the regional budget only for the mineral extraction tax. In these conditions, it is impossible to achieve the planned indicators for the development of the industry.
The reasons are both external factors - changes in prices for mineral raw materials on world markets, bank lending conditions, and internal ones - the extreme underdevelopment of the infrastructure of the Kamchatka Territory, remoteness of the territory, difficult natural and climatic conditions, lack of a local labor market, lack of construction capacity. To develop deposits located in remote and inaccessible conditions, enterprises need to design and build a road network, energy and social infrastructure facilities. In this regard, the volume of investment increases significantly, which leads to a deterioration in the economic performance of enterprises and reduces the quality of mineral raw materials.
The main directions of policy of government authorities of the Kamchatka Territory in order to develop the economic potential of industry enterprises in the near future should be:
1. Attracting public funds to create the necessary energy and transport infrastructure within the framework of government programs or using the mechanism of public-private partnership.
2. Providing real state support to systemically important enterprises of the industry, including the establishment of preferential tariffs for the electrical energy produced in isolated energy centers.
3. Development and implementation of educational programs in the Kamchatka Territory to train specialists for newly developing sectors of the economy.
In order to increase the efficiency of reproduction and use of the mineral resource base in the near future, government bodies of the Russian Federation must solve the following tasks:
1. Tightening requirements for subsoil users to unconditionally comply with the terms of license agreements.
2. Orientation of the state program for the reproduction of the mineral resource base towards increasing the degree of geological knowledge of subsoil use objects before the stage of their provision for use.
3. Reducing the rates of one-time (starting) payments for the use of subsoil during auctions in order to redistribute the financial resources of enterprises for work on geological study and exploration of mineral deposits.
4. Establishment of tax benefits for subsoil use facilities located in hard-to-reach and remote areas.
Source of information: www.kamchatka.gov.ru
