The stylistic stratification of speech is its characteristic feature. This stratification is based on several factors, the main one being the spheres of communication. The sphere of individual consciousness - everyday life - and the unofficial environment associated with it give rise to a conversational style, while the spheres of social consciousness with the accompanying formality feed book styles.

The difference in the communicative function of language is also significant. For the presenter is for book styles - a message function.

Among book styles, the artistic style of speech especially stands out. Thus, his language acts not only (and perhaps not so much) but also as a means of influencing people.

The artist summarizes his observations with the help of a specific image, through the skillful selection of expressive details. He shows, draws, depicts the subject of speech. But you can only show and draw what is visible, concrete. Therefore, the requirement for specificity is the main feature of the artistic style. However, a good artist will never describe, say, a spring forest directly, so to speak, head-on, in the manner of science. He will select a few strokes and expressive details for his image and with their help he will create a visible image, a picture.

Speaking about imagery as the leading stylistic feature of artistic speech, one should distinguish between “image in words”, i.e. figurative meanings of words, and “image through words.” Only by combining both, we get an artistic style of speech.

In addition, the artistic style of speech has the following characteristic features:

1. Scope of use: works of art.

2. Speech tasks: create a living picture depicting what the story is about; convey to the reader the emotions and feelings experienced by the author.

3. Characteristic features of the artistic style of speech. The statement basically happens:

Figurative (expressive and lively);

Specific (this person is described, and not people in general);

Emotional.

Specific words: not animals, but wolves, foxes, deer and others; didn’t look, but paid attention, looked.

Words are often used in a figurative meaning: an ocean of smiles, the sun is sleeping.

The use of emotionally evaluative words: a) having diminutive suffixes: bucket, swallow, little white; b) with the suffix -evat- (-ovat-): loose, reddish.

The use of perfective verbs with the prefix za-, denoting the beginning of an action (the orchestra began to play).

Using present tense verbs instead of past tense verbs (I went to school, suddenly I see...).

Use of interrogative, imperative, exclamatory sentences.

Use of sentences with homogeneous members in the text.

Speeches can be found in any fiction book:

Shined with forged damask steel

The rivers are a icy stream.

Don was scary

The horses snored

And the backwater foamed with blood... (V. Fetisov)

Quiet and blissful is the December night. The village sleeps peacefully, and the stars, like guards, vigilantly and vigilantly watch that there is harmony on earth, so that unrest and discord, God forbid, do not disturb the unsteady harmony, do not push people into new quarrels - the Russian side is already sufficiently fed with them ( A. Ustenko).

Pay attention!

It is necessary to be able to distinguish between the artistic style of speech and the language of a work of art. In it, the writer resorts to various functional styles, using language as a means of speech characterization of the hero. Most often, the conversational style of speech is reflected in the characters’ remarks, but if the task of creating an artistic image requires it, the writer can use both scientific and business in the hero’s speech, and the failure to distinguish between the concepts of “artistic style of speech” and “language of a work of art” leads to perceiving any excerpt from a work of art as an example of an artistic style of speech, which is a gross mistake.

Instructions

This style can otherwise be called the style of fiction. It is used in verbal and artistic creativity. Its main goal is to influence the feelings and thoughts of readers and listeners with the help of images created by the author.

Artistic style (like any other) involves the selection of linguistic means. But in contrast to official business and scientific styles, it widely uses all the richness of vocabulary, special imagery and emotionality of speech. In addition, he uses the possibilities of different styles: conversational, journalistic, scientific and official business.

The artistic style is distinguished by special attention to the random and particular, behind which typical features and images of the time are visible. As an example, we can recall “Dead Souls”, where N.V. Gogol portrayed landowners, each of whom is the personification of certain human qualities, but all of them together are the “face” of Russia in the 19th century.

Another distinctive feature of the artistic style is the subjective aspect, the presence of the author’s fiction or “re-recreation” of reality. The world of a literary work is the world of the writer, where reality is presented through his vision. In a literary text, the author expresses his preferences, rejections, condemnations and admirations. Therefore, the artistic style is characterized by expressiveness, emotionality, metaphor and versatility.

To prove artistic style, read the text and analyze the language used in it. Pay attention to their diversity. Literary works use a large number of tropes (epithets, metaphors, comparisons, hyperboles, personifications, periphrases and allegories) and stylistic figures (anaphors, antitheses, oxymorons, rhetorical questions and appeals, etc.). For example: “a little man as big as a finger” (litotes), “the horse runs - the earth trembles” (allegory), “streams ran from the mountains” (personification).

The artistic style clearly reveals the polysemy of words. Writers often discover additional meanings and meanings in them. For example, the adjective “lead” in a scientific or journalistic style will be used in its direct meaning of “lead bullet” and “lead ore”; in an artistic style, it will most likely act as a metaphor for “lead twilight” or “lead clouds”.

When parsing the text, be sure to pay attention to its function. If the colloquial style serves for communication or communication, the formal business and scientific style are informative, and the artistic style is intended for emotional impact. Its main function is aesthetic, to which all linguistic means used in a literary work are subject.

Determine the form in which the text is implemented. The artistic style is used in drama, prose and poetry. They are accordingly divided into genres (tragedy, comedy, drama; novel, story, short story, miniature; poem, fable, poem, etc.).

Please note

The basis of artistic style is literary language. But often it uses colloquial and professional vocabulary, dialectisms and vernacular. This is due to the desire of writers to create a special, unique author’s style and give the text vivid imagery.

Useful advice

A style can only be determined by the totality of all its characteristics (function, set of linguistic means, form of implementation).

Sources:

• Artistic style: language and features
• how to prove that the text

Tip 2: Distinctive features of the formal business style of the text

The language used in different areas of activity differs, in addition, it can be very different from the spoken one. For such spheres of public life as science, office work, jurisprudence, politics and the media, there are subtypes of the Russian language that have their own characteristic features, both lexical and morphological, syntactic and textual. It has its own stylistic features and official business text.

Why do you need a formal business style when correspondence?

Business documents can be presented to the court as evidence at any time, since, due to their specific nature, they have legal force.

Such a document has legal significance; its author, as a rule, acts not as a private individual, but is an authorized representative of the organization. Therefore, increased requirements are imposed on any official business text to eliminate ambiguity and ambiguity of interpretation. Also, the text must be communicatively accurate and adequately reflect the thoughts that the author expresses.

Main features of official business style

An official business document must have details - output data, and there are also specific requirements for their location on the page.

The text written in this style is emphatically logical and unemotional. It must be extremely informative, therefore thoughts are strictly formulated, and the presentation of the situation itself must be restrained, using stylistically neutral words and expressions. The use of any phrases that carry an emotional charge, expressions used in common parlance, and especially slang, is excluded.

To eliminate ambiguity, personal demonstrative pronouns (“he,” “she,” “they”) are not used in a business document, since in the context of two nouns of the same gender, ambiguity of interpretation or contradiction may arise. As a consequence of the mandatory condition of logic and argumentation, when writing a business text, complex sentences with a large number of conjunctions are used, conveying the logic of relationships. For example, constructions that are not often used in everyday life are used, including conjunctions such as “due to the fact that”, “for the purpose of which”.

Video on the topic

Since ancient times, France has been considered not just a country whose residents have exquisite taste. She was a trendsetter. In Paris, as in the very heart of the country, even its own special style has been formed.

When talking about Parisian women, many people imagine a sophisticated woman with impeccable hair and impeccable makeup. She is wearing high-heeled shoes and elegant business clothes. The lady is surrounded by a halo of the aroma of expensive perfume, and her gaze is directed into the distance. So what is it, Parisian style?

Must-have wardrobe items for a Parisian woman.

Many representatives of the fair sex, who strive to look stylish and sophisticated every day, have a set of basic, must-have items in their wardrobe. What kind of items can be found in a Parisian woman's closet?

1. Ballet shoes. Contrary to popular belief, shoes with heels are not always preferred. In everyday life they wear comfortable ballet shoes with thin soles.

2. Bag with a long strap. A handbag thrown over one shoulder is a habit of a large number of residents of the fashion capital.

3.Large size scarf. Residents of many countries prefer a variety of voluminous scarves. However, most Parisians believe that this is an irreplaceable and absolutely necessary accessory during the cold season.

4. A fitted jacket, raincoat or jacket. A truly French style is to wear fitted jackets. They are decorated with thin straps or worn wide open.

5.Large sunglasses. In combination with hair pulled back into a tight ponytail, bun or updo, these glasses look especially stylish and sophisticated.

6. Clothing in black. For Parisian women, black is not the color of mourning. For them, he is the personification of style and grace. Therefore, to create a Parisian look, you need to have black T-shirts, T-shirts, sweaters and other items of clothing in your wardrobe.

Which is unacceptable for the Parisian style.

There are things that a lady with truly French views on fashion will never allow herself to buy, much less wear. One of the first places on the list of “bad manners” included too long bright false nails. Many representatives of France prefer naturalness and neutrality in everything. Including in .

A miniskirt combined with a deep neckline is also not in the style of a resident of the fashion capital. The true one is unlikely to allow herself to look too open and too sexy.

Bright hair color, multi-colored highlights, flashy accessories, all kinds of backcombing and a huge amount of hair styling products. In most cases, a lady living in Paris will bypass this entire list and will only be surprised that it occurred to someone to experiment with their appearance in such a way.

The main criterion that distinguishes a true Parisian is harmony in everything: in clothes, style, look, hairstyle, accessories. She does not seek to repeat someone else's image and is of the opinion that each person is unique.

Video on the topic

Most research monographs and solid scientific articles belong to the scientific style proper. The peculiarity of this genre is that such texts, as a rule, are written by professional scientists for the same specialists. This academic style is very often found in scientific works devoted to one issue, as well as in short essays where the author presents the results of scientific research.

Texts written in a strictly scientific style are distinguished by precision of presentation, verified logical constructions, and an abundance of generalizing terms and abstract concepts. A standard academic text compiled in this genre has a strict structural composition, which includes a title, introductory and main parts, conclusions and conclusion.

Scientific informative genre of scientific style

The secondary form of the scientific style of speech is considered to be the scientific-informative genre. It is usually compiled on the basis of some basic, reference text. Original monographs or articles are often taken as a basis. An example of texts written in the scientific and informational genre can be theses, or.

A scientific informative text is a creatively revised presentation of the primary material, completely coinciding with it in meaning. However, it does not contain all, but only basic information, only the most essential information about the subject. Writing works in this genre requires the ability to work with scientific literature, evaluate sources and convey their content in a condensed form without distortion.

Other genres of scientific style of speech

Linguistic specialists often combine texts of scientific reference, educational and scientific and popular science genres of scientific style into one large group. These substyles are characterized by the focus of information not so much on specialists, but on those who are far from the specifics of the subject at the center of the publication. Not only the results of scientific research are important, but also the form.

In the educational and scientific genre, textbooks and lecture texts are most often written. The scientific reference genre, characterized by extreme clarity and conciseness, is typical for reference publications, scientific dictionaries, encyclopedias and catalogues. Texts composed in the popular science genre are less tied to special terminology. They are often used in books intended for a mass audience, as well as in television and radio programs covering scientific topics.

The artistic style of speech as a functional style is used in fiction, which performs a figurative-cognitive and ideological-aesthetic function. To understand the features of the artistic way of knowing reality, of thinking, which determines the specifics of artistic speech, it is necessary to compare it with the scientific way of knowing, which determines the characteristic features of scientific speech.

Fiction, like other types of art, is characterized by a concrete figurative representation of life, in contrast to the abstract, logical-conceptual, objective reflection of reality in scientific speech. A work of art is characterized by perception through the senses and re-creation of reality; the author strives, first of all, to convey his personal experience, his understanding and comprehension of a particular phenomenon.

The artistic style of speech is characterized by attention to the particular and random, followed by the typical and general. Remember the well-known “Dead Souls” by N.V. Gogol, where each of the shown landowners personifies certain specific human qualities, expresses a certain type, and all together they were the “face” of the author’s contemporary Russia.

The world of fiction is a “recreated” world; the reality depicted is, to a certain extent, the author’s fiction, which means that in the artistic style of speech the most important role is played by the subjective element. The entire surrounding reality is presented through the author's vision. But in a literary text we see not only the world of the writer, but also the writer in this world: his preferences, condemnation, admiration, rejection, etc. Associated with this is the emotionality and expressiveness, metaphor, and meaningful diversity of the artistic style of speech. Let’s analyze a short excerpt from L. N. Tolstoy’s story “A Foreigner Without Food”:

“Lera went to the exhibition only for the sake of her student, out of a sense of duty. "Alina Kruger. Personal exhibition. Life is like loss. Free admission". A bearded man and a lady were wandering in an empty hall. He looked at some of the work through a hole in his fist; he felt like a professional. Lera also looked through her fist, but did not notice the difference: the same naked men on chicken legs, and in the background the pagodas were on fire. The booklet about Alina said: “The artist projects a parable world onto the space of the infinite.” I wonder where and how they teach how to write art criticism texts? They're probably born with it. When visiting, Lera loved to leaf through art albums and, after looking at a reproduction, read what a specialist wrote about it. You see: a boy covered an insect with a net, on the sides there are angels blowing pioneer horns, in the sky there is a plane with the signs of the Zodiac on board. You read: “The artist views the canvas as a cult of the moment, where the stubbornness of details interacts with an attempt to comprehend everyday life.” You think: the author of the text spends little time outdoors, relies on coffee and cigarettes, his intimate life is somehow complicated.”

What we have before us is not an objective presentation of the exhibition, but a subjective description of the heroine of the story, behind whom the author is clearly visible. The story is built on the combination of three artistic plans. The first plan is what Lera sees in the paintings, the second is an art history text interpreting the content of the paintings. These plans are expressed stylistically in different ways; the bookishness and abstruseness of the descriptions are deliberately emphasized. And the third plan is the author’s irony, which manifests itself through showing the discrepancy between the content of the paintings and the verbal expression of this content, in the assessment of the bearded man, the author of the book text, and the ability to write such art criticism texts.

As a means of communication, artistic speech has its own language - a system of figurative forms expressed by linguistic and extralinguistic means. Artistic speech, along with non-fiction, constitute two levels of the national language. The basis of the artistic style of speech is the literary Russian language. The word in this functional style performs a nominative-figurative function. Here is the beginning of V. Larin’s novel “Neuronal Shock”:

“Marat’s father Stepan Porfiryevich Fateev, an orphan from infancy, was from a family of Astrakhan binders. The revolutionary whirlwind blew him out of the locomotive vestibule, dragged him through the Mikhelson plant in Moscow, machine gun courses in Petrograd and threw him into Novgorod-Seversky, a town of deceptive silence and bliss.”

In these two sentences, the author showed not only a segment of individual human life, but also the atmosphere of the era of enormous changes associated with the revolution of 1917. The first sentence gives knowledge of the social environment, material conditions, human relations in the childhood years of the life of the father of the hero of the novel and his own roots. The simple, rude people who surrounded the boy (a bindyuzhnik is the colloquial name for a port loader), the hard work that he saw from childhood, the restlessness of orphanhood - this is what stands behind this proposal. And the next sentence includes private life in the cycle of history. Metaphorical phrases the revolutionary whirlwind blew..., dragged..., threw... they liken human life to a certain grain of sand that cannot withstand historical cataclysms, and at the same time convey the element of the general movement of those “who were nobody.” In a scientific or official business text, such imagery, such a layer of in-depth information is impossible.

The lexical composition and functioning of words in the artistic style of speech have their own characteristics. The number of words that form the basis and create the imagery of this style primarily includes figurative means of the Russian literary language, as well as words that realize their meaning in the context. These are words with a wide range of usage. Highly specialized words are used to a small extent, only to create artistic authenticity when describing certain aspects of life. For example, L.N. Tolstoy in War and Peace used special military vocabulary when describing battle scenes; We will find a significant number of words from the hunting vocabulary in “Notes of a Hunter” by I.S. Turgenev, in the stories of M.M. Prishvina, V.A. Astafiev, and in “The Queen of Spades” A.S. Pushkin has many words from the vocabulary of card games, etc. In the artistic style of speech, the verbal ambiguity of the word is very widely used, which opens up additional meanings and shades of meaning, as well as synonymy at all linguistic levels, making it possible to emphasize the subtlest shades of meaning. This is explained by the fact that the author strives to use all the riches of the language, to create his own unique language and style, to create a bright, expressive, figurative text. The author uses not only the vocabulary of the codified literary language, but also a variety of figurative means from colloquial speech and vernacular. Let us give an example of the use of such a technique by B. Okudzhava in “The Adventures of Shipov”:

“In Evdokimov’s tavern they were about to turn off the lamps when the scandal began. The scandal started like this. At first everything in the hall looked fine, and even the tavern floorman, Potap, told the owner that today God had mercy - not a single broken bottle, when suddenly in the depths, in the semi-darkness, in the very core, there was a buzz like a swarm of bees.

“Fathers of light,” the owner lazily marveled, “here, Potapka, is your evil eye, damn it!” Well, you should have croaked, damn it!”

The emotionality and expressiveness of the image come to the fore in a literary text. Many words, which in scientific speech act as clearly defined abstract concepts, in newspaper and journalistic speech - as socially generalized concepts, in artistic speech carry concrete sensory ideas. Thus, the styles functionally complement each other. For example, adjective lead in scientific speech realizes its direct meaning ( lead ore, lead bullet), and the artistic one forms an expressive metaphor ( lead clouds, lead night, lead waves). Therefore, in artistic speech an important role is played by phrases that create a kind of figurative representation.

Artistic speech, especially poetic speech, is characterized by inversion, i.e. changing the usual order of words in a sentence in order to enhance the semantic significance of a word or give the entire phrase a special stylistic coloring. An example of inversion is the famous line from A. Akhmatova’s poem “Everything I see is Pavlovsk hilly...”. The author's word order options are varied and subordinate to the general concept.

The syntactic structure of literary speech reflects the flow of figurative and emotional impressions of the author, so here you can find a whole variety of syntactic structures. Each author subordinates linguistic means to the fulfillment of his ideological and aesthetic tasks. Thus, L. Petrushevskaya, in order to show the unsettledness and “troubles” of the family life of the heroine of the story “Poetry in Life,” includes several simple and complex sentences in one sentence:

“In Mila’s story, then everything went downhill, Mila’s husband in the new two-room apartment no longer protected Mila from her mother, her mother lived separately, and there was no telephone either here or here - Mila’s husband became his own man and Iago and Othello and with mockingly, from around the corner I watched how Mila was accosted on the street by men of his type, builders, prospectors, poets, who did not know how heavy this burden was, how unbearable life was if you fought alone, since beauty is not a helper in life, This is how one could approximately translate those obscene, desperate monologues that the former agronomist, and now a researcher, Mila’s husband, shouted both on the streets at night, and in his apartment, and when drunk, so that Mila was hiding with her young daughter somewhere, found shelter for herself, and the unfortunate husband beat furniture and threw iron pans.”

This sentence is perceived as an endless complaint of countless unhappy women, as a continuation of the theme of the sad female lot.

In artistic speech, deviations from structural norms are also possible, due to artistic actualization, i.e. the author highlighting some thought, idea, feature that is important for the meaning of the work. They can be expressed in violation of phonetic, lexical, morphological and other norms. This technique is especially often used to create a comic effect or a bright, expressive artistic image. Let's consider an example from the work of B. Okudzhava “The Adventures of Shipov”:

“Oh, dear,” Shipov shook his head, “why do you do this? No need. I see right through you, mon cher... Hey, Potapka, why did you forget the man on the street? Lead here, waking up. Well, Mr. Student, how do you rent out this tavern? It's dirty. Do you think I like it?... I’ve been to real restaurants, sir, I know... Pure empire... But you can’t talk to people there, but here I can learn something.”

The speech of the main character characterizes him very clearly: not very educated, but ambitious, wanting to give the impression of a gentleman, master, Shipov uses elementary French words (mon cher) along with colloquial waking up, waking up, here, which do not correspond not only to the literary, but also to the colloquial form. But all these deviations in the text serve the law of artistic necessity.

Artistic style is a special style of speech that has become widespread both in world fiction in general and in copywriting in particular. It is characterized by high emotionality, direct speech, a wealth of colors, epithets and metaphors, and is also designed to influence the reader’s imagination and act as a trigger for his fantasy. So, today we will detail and visually examples we are considering artistic style of texts and its application in copywriting.

Features of the artistic style

As mentioned above, the artistic style is most often used in fiction: novels, short stories, short stories, stories and other literary genres. This style is not characterized by value judgments, dryness and formality, which are also characteristic of styles. Instead, he is characterized by narration and the transfer of the smallest details in order to form in the reader’s imagination a filigree form of the conveyed thought.

In the context of copywriting, the artistic style has found a new embodiment in hypnotic texts, to which an entire section “” is dedicated on this blog. It is the elements of artistic style that allow texts to influence the limbic system of the reader’s brain and trigger the mechanisms necessary for the author, thanks to which sometimes a very interesting effect is achieved. For example, the reader cannot tear himself away from the novel or he experiences sexual attraction, as well as other reactions, which we will discuss in subsequent articles.

Elements of artistic style

Any literary text contains elements that are characteristic of its presentation style. The most characteristic artistic style is:

• Detailing
• Conveying the author's feelings and emotions
• Epithets
• Metaphors
• Comparisons
• Allegory
• Using elements from other styles
• Inversion

Let's look at all these elements in more detail and with examples.

1. Detail in literary text

The first thing that can be highlighted in all literary texts is the presence of details, and for almost everything.

Art Style Example #1

The lieutenant walked along the yellow construction sand, heated by the scorching afternoon sun. He was wet from the tips of his fingers to the tips of his hair, his whole body was covered with scratches from sharp barbed wire and ached from maddening pain, but he was alive and was heading towards the command headquarters, which was visible on the horizon about five hundred meters away.

2. Conveying the author’s feelings and emotions

Art Style Example #2

Varenka, such a sweet, good-natured and sympathetic girl, whose eyes always shone with kindness and warmth, with the calm look of a real demon, walked towards the Ugly Harry bar with a Thompson machine gun at the ready, ready to roll into the asphalt these vile, dirty, smelly and slippery types who dared stare at her charms and drool lustfully.

3. Epithets

Epithets are most typical for literary texts, since they are responsible for the richness of vocabulary. Epithets can be expressed by a noun, adjective, adverb or verb and are most often represented by groups of words, one or more of which complement the other.

Examples of epithets

Example of artistic style No. 3 (with epithets)

Yasha was just a small dirty trickster, who, nevertheless, had very great potential. Even in his pink childhood, he masterfully stole apples from Aunt Nyura, and not even twenty years had passed before, with the same dashing fuse, he switched to banks in twenty-three countries of the world, and managed to peel them so skillfully that neither the police nor There was no way Interpol could catch him red-handed.

4. Metaphors

Metaphors are words or expressions with a figurative meaning. Found widespread among the classics of Russian fiction.

Artistic Style Example #4 (Metaphors)

5. Comparisons

An artistic style would not be itself if it did not contain comparisons. This is one of those elements that add a special flavor to texts and form associative connections in the reader’s imagination.

Examples of comparisons

6. Allegory

Allegory is the representation of something abstract using a concrete image. It is used in many styles, but it is especially typical for artistic ones.

7. Using elements from other styles

Most often this aspect manifests itself in direct speech, when the author conveys the words of a particular character. In such cases, depending on the type, the character can use any of the speech styles, but the most popular in this case is conversational.

Art Style Example #5

The monk grabbed his staff and stood in the way of the intruder:

- Why did you come to our monastery? – he asked.
- What do you care, get out of the way! – the stranger snapped.
“Uuuu...” the monk drawled meaningfully. - Looks like you weren't taught any manners. Okay, I'm just in the mood today, let's teach you a few lessons.
- You got me, monk, hangard! – the uninvited guest hissed.
– My blood is starting to play! – the clergyman moaned with delight, “Please try not to disappoint me.”

With these words, both jumped out of their seats and grappled in a merciless fight.

8. Inversion

Inversion is the use of reverse word order to enhance certain fragments and give words a special stylistic coloring.

Inversion examples

Conclusions

The artistic style of texts may contain all of the listed elements, or only some of them. Each performs a specific function, but they all serve the same purpose: to saturate the text and fill it with colors in order to maximally involve the reader in the conveyed atmosphere.

Masters of the artistic genre, whose masterpieces people read without stopping, use a number of hypnotic techniques, which will be discussed in more detail in subsequent articles. or email newsletter below, follow the blog on Twitter and you will never miss them.

The artistic style of speech is the language of literature and art. It is used to convey emotions and feelings, artistic images and phenomena.

Artistic style is a way for writers to express themselves, so it is typically used in writing. Orally (for example, in plays) texts written in advance are read. Historically, artistic style functions in three types of literature - lyrics (poems, poems), drama (plays) and epic (stories, novels).

An article about all speech styles -.

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The features of the artistic style are:

2. Language means are a way of conveying an artistic image, emotional state and mood of the narrator.

3. The use of stylistic figures - metaphors, comparisons, metonymies, etc., emotionally expressive vocabulary, phraseological units.

4. Multi-style. The use of linguistic means of other styles (colloquial, journalistic) is subordinated to the implementation of the creative concept. These combinations gradually create what is called the author's style.

5. The use of verbal ambiguity - words are selected in such a way that with their help not only “to draw” images, but also to put hidden meaning into them.

6. The information transfer function is often hidden. The purpose of artistic style is to convey the author’s emotions, to create a mood and emotional state in the reader.

Artistic style: case study

Let's look at the example of the features of the style being analyzed.

Excerpt from the article:

The war disfigured Borovoe. Interspersed with the surviving huts stood charred stoves, like monuments to the people's grief. Gate posts were sticking out. The barn gaped with a huge hole - half of it was broken off and carried away.

There were gardens, but now stumps are like rotten teeth. Only here and there were two or three teenage apple trees nestled.

The village was deserted.

When the one-armed Fedor returned home, his mother was alive. She grew old, grew thin, and had more gray hair. She sat me down at the table, but there was nothing to treat her with. Fyodor had his own, a soldier's. At the table, the mother said: everyone was robbed, damned skinners! We hid pigs and chickens wherever we wanted. Can you really save it? He makes noise and threatens, give him the chicken, even if it’s the last one. Out of fright, they gave away the last one. So I have nothing left. Oh, that was bad! The village was ruined by the damned fascist! You can see for yourself what’s left... more than half of the yards were burned down. The people fled where: some to the rear, some to join the partisans. How many girls were stolen! So our Frosya was taken away...

For a day or two, Fyodor looked around. Our people from Borovsk began to return. They hung a piece of plywood on an empty hut, and on it there were lopsided letters with soot on oil - there was no paint - “The board of the collective farm “Red Dawn” - and off and on! Dashing trouble is the beginning.

The style of this text, as we have already said, is artistic.

His features in this passage:

1. Borrowing and applying vocabulary and phraseology of other styles ( as monuments of people's grief, fascists, partisans, collective farm rule, the beginning of a daring misfortune).
2. The use of visual and expressive means ( hijacked, damned skinners, really), the semantic ambiguity of words is actively used ( the war disfigured Borovoe, the barn gaped with a huge hole).
3. They've robbed everyone, you damn skinners! We hid pigs and chickens wherever we wanted. Can you really save it? He makes noise and threatens, give him the chicken, even if it’s the last one. Oh, that was bad!).
4. There were gardens, but now stumps are like rotten teeth; She sat me down at the table, but there was nothing to treat her with; on oil - there was no paint).
5. The syntactic structures of a literary text reflect, first of all, the flow of the author’s impressions, figurative and emotional ( Interspersed with the surviving huts stood charred stoves, like monuments to the people's grief. The barn gaped with a huge hole - half of it was broken off and carried away; There were gardens, but now stumps are like rotten teeth).
6. The characteristic use of numerous and varied stylistic figures and tropes of the Russian language ( stumps are like rotten teeth; charred stoves stood like monuments to the people's grief; two or three teenage apple trees nestled).
7. The use, first of all, of vocabulary that forms the basis and creates the imagery of the style being analyzed: for example, figurative techniques and means of the Russian literary language, as well as words that realize their meaning in the context, and words of a wide sphere of use ( grew old, emaciated, burned, in letters, girls).

Thus, the artistic style does not so much tell as it shows - it helps to feel the situation, to visit the places that the narrator is talking about. Of course, there is also a certain “imposition” of the author’s experiences, but it also creates a mood and conveys sensations.

The artistic style is one of the most “borrowing” and flexible: writers, firstly, actively use language of other styles, and secondly, they successfully combine artistic imagery, for example, with explanations of scientific facts, concepts or phenomena.

Scientific and artistic style: case study

Let's look at an example of the interaction of two styles - artistic and scientific.

Excerpt from the article:

The youth of our country loves forests and parks. And this love is fruitful, active. It is expressed not only in the establishment of new gardens, parks and forest belts, but also in the vigilant protection of oak groves and forests. One day, at a meeting, even splinters of wood appeared on the presidium table. Some villain cut down an apple tree growing alone on the river bank. Like a beacon, she stood on the steep mountain. They got used to her, like the appearance of their home, they loved her. And now she was gone. On this day, the conservation group was born. They called it "Green Patrol". There was no mercy for the poachers, and they began to retreat.

N. Korotaev

Features of the scientific style:

1. Terminology ( presidium, laying forest belts, Krutoyar, poachers).
2. The presence in a series of nouns of words denoting the concept of a sign or state ( bookmark, security).
3. Quantitative predominance of nouns and adjectives in the text over verbs ( This love is fruitful, active; in the establishment of new gardens, parks and forest belts, but also in the vigilant protection of oak groves and forests).
4. Use of verbal phrases and words ( bookmark, protection, mercy, meeting).
5. Verbs in the present tense, which have a “timeless”, indicative meaning in the text, with weakened lexical and grammatical meanings of time, person, number ( loves, expresses);
6. A large volume of sentences, their impersonal nature in combination with passive constructions ( It is expressed not only in the establishment of new gardens, parks and forest belts, but also in the vigilant protection of oak groves and forests).

Features of the artistic style:

1. Wide use of vocabulary and phraseology of other styles ( presidium, laying forest belts, Krutoyar).
2. The use of various visual and expressive means ( this love is fruitful, in vigilant guard, evil), active use of the verbal polysemy of the word (the appearance of a house, “Green Patrol”).
3. Emotionality and expressiveness of the image ( They got used to her, like the appearance of their home, they loved her. And now she was gone. On this day the group was born).
4. Manifestation of the author's creative individuality - author's style ( It is expressed not only in the establishment of new gardens, parks and forest belts, but also in the vigilant protection of oak groves and forests. Here: a combination of features of several styles).
5. Paying special attention to particular and seemingly random circumstances and situations, behind which one can see the typical and general ( Some villain cut down an apple tree... And now it was gone. On this day the conservation group was born).
6. The syntactic structure and corresponding structures in this passage reflect the flow of the author’s figurative and emotional perception ( Like a beacon, she stood on the steep mountain. And then she was gone).
7. The characteristic use of numerous and varied stylistic figures and tropes of the Russian literary language ( this fruitful, active love, like a beacon, it stood, there was no mercy, growing alone).
8. The use, first of all, of vocabulary that forms the basis and creates the imagery of the style being analyzed: for example, figurative techniques and means of the Russian language, as well as words that realize their meaning in the context, and words of the widest distribution ( youth, evil, fruitful, active, appearance).

In terms of the variety of linguistic means, literary techniques and methods, the artistic style is perhaps the richest. And, unlike other styles, it has a minimum of restrictions - with proper depiction of images and an emotional mood, you can even write a literary text in scientific terms. But, of course, you shouldn’t abuse this.