And write direct speech with a capital letter. When direct speech ends with a question or exclamation mark, quotation marks are placed after it, and in declarative speech, quotation marks are closed and a period is placed.

Examples: Andrey said: “I will play now.”

Example. He muttered: “I’m very sleepy,” and immediately fell asleep.

Example. The captain said: “The breeze would blow now...” and fixed his gaze on the sea.

The dialogue can be formatted in one of the following ways: All lines with no original words between them are written on one line. A dash is used to separate each statement enclosed in quotation marks.

Example. They walked in silence for several minutes. Elizabeth asked, “How long will you be gone?” - "Two month". - “Will you call or write me?” - "Yes, sure!"
Each subsequent line is written on a new line, preceded by a dash. Quotes are not used in this case.

Are you cold, Ekaterina? - asked Ivan Petrovich.

Let's go to the cafe.

Formatting quotes:

The quotation is written using one of the methods of formatting direct speech.

Example. Belinsky believed: “Literature is the consciousness of the people, the flower and fruit of their spiritual life.”

Part of the quotation is not given, and its omission is indicated by an ellipsis.

Example. Goncharov wrote: “All Chatsky’s words will spread... and create a storm.”

Example. Belinsky notes that Pushkin has an amazing ability to “make the most prosaic objects poetic.”

The poetic text should be quoted without quotation marks, observing the lines and stanzas.

Sources:

• How is direct speech formed?
• Basic rules for writing dialogues

Sentences with indirect yu help to convey other people's thoughts on their own behalf. They contain the main essence of the words spoken by someone, are simpler in construction and punctuation. When replacing direct speech with indirect speech, it is important to pay attention to the purpose of conveying a thought (message, question or motivation), use appropriate means of connecting parts of a sentence, and monitor the exact forms of use of certain words.

Instructions

In our language, foreign words can be conveyed in several ways. For this purpose, direct and indirect speech are most often used. While maintaining the essence, these syntactic constructions express the content in different ways, are pronounced and written in writing.

When conveying thoughts using direct speech, all the features of the utterance are preserved: the content remains unchanged, intonation is preserved in oral speech, which is shown in writing by the necessary punctuation marks. This is the most accurate way to convey other people's words.

Indirect speech, as a rule, contains the main essence of other people's thoughts; it is reported not on behalf of the author, but on behalf of the speaker without preserving intonation features. In writing, it is formatted without quotation marks as a complex sentence.

When replacing direct speech with indirect speech, follow the main rules for constructing sentences and accurately use the forms of individual words. Sentences with someone else's speech have two parts: the author and the transmitted speech. In sentences with direct speech, the place of the author’s words is not constant: in front, in the middle or after the statement. Indirect, as a rule, takes a position after the author's words and is a subordinate clause. To correctly complete the task of replacing such syntactic structures, proceed according to a certain order.

First, determine the boundaries of the parts of the sentence with direct speech. The author's words in a sentence with indirect speech almost always remain unchanged; they will represent the main part of the complex sentence.

Next, pay attention to the type according to the purpose of uttering the sentence that is part of direct speech (it will be a subordinate clause). If you have a declarative sentence in front of you, then the means of communication with the main one will be the conjunctions “what”, “as if”. For example, “Eyewitnesses stated that (as if)

The author's narrative may include statements or individual words belonging to other persons. There are several ways to introduce someone else's speech into a sentence or text: direct speech, indirect speech, improperly direct speech And dialogue.

1. Punctuation marks in sentences with direct speech

Legend:

P- direct speech starting with a capital letter;
P– direct speech starting with a lowercase letter;
A– author’s words starting with a capital letter;
A– words of the author starting with a lowercase letter.

Exercise

And his father told him
_You, Gavrilo, are great!_
(Ershov)

“Everything will be decided,” he thought, approaching the living room, “I’ll explain it to her myself.” (Pushkin).

He sat down in a chair, put his cane in the corner, yawned and announced that it was getting hot outside (Lermontov).

I didn’t ask my faithful companion why he didn’t take me straight to those places (Turgenev).

Suddenly the driver began to look to the side and, finally, taking off his hat, turned to me and said_ _ Master, would you order me to come back?_ (Pushkin)

No, no, she repeated in despair, it’s better to die, it’s better to go to a monastery, I’d rather marry Dubrovsky.

Oh, my fate is deplorable! _
The princess tells him
If you want to take me
Then deliver it to me in three days
My ring is made of okiyan_.
(Ershov)

I answered with indignation that I, an officer and a nobleman, could not enter into any service with Pugachev and could not accept any orders from him (according to Pushkin).

Sometimes I tell myself_ _ No, of course not! The little prince always covers the rose with a glass cap at night, and he takes great care of the lamb..._ (Antoine de Saint-Exupéry)

The girl tells him_
_But look, you’re gray;
I'm only fifteen years old:
How can we get married?
All the kings will begin to laugh,
Grandfather, they will say, took his granddaughter!_
(Ershov)

He reported_ _ that the governor ordered his officials on special assignments to wear spurs_ (according to Turgenev).

He sat down next to me and began to tell me what a famous surname and important upbringing he had (according to Leskov).

It doesn’t matter, Petrusha, my mother told me, this is your imprisoned father; kiss his hand and may he bless you..._ (Pushkin)

It used to be that you would stand in the corner, so that your knees and back would ache, and you would think_ _ Karl Ivanovich forgot about me; It must be calm for him to sit on an easy chair and read hydrostatics - but what does it feel like for me?_ _ and you begin, to remind yourself of yourself, slowly opening and closing the damper or picking the plaster from the wall (Tolstoy).

You are not our sovereign_ _ replied Ivan Ignatich, repeating the words of his captain._ You, uncle, are a thief and an impostor!_ (Pushkin)

The next day, at breakfast, Grigory Ivanovich asked his daughter if she still intended to hide from the Berestovs (Pushkin).

When transmitted in writing, it requires special punctuation. It depends on the position of direct speech and the author’s words relative to each other.
The following cases are possible:

“It’s good that you came,” said the neighbor.
"I'm so glad to see you!" - said the neighbor.
“Will you come by tomorrow?” - asked the neighbor.

The neighbor said: “It’s good that you came in.”
The neighbor said: “I’m so glad to see you!”
The neighbor asked: “Will you come by tomorrow?”

Scheme:
r.a.: “P.r.”
r.a.: “P.r.!”
r.a.: “P.r.?”

“It’s good,” said the neighbor, “that you came in.”
“Olenka! - said the neighbor. - I'm so glad to see you!"
“Olenka,” the neighbor asked, “will you come in tomorrow?”

Scheme:
“P.r., - r.a., - p.r.”
"Etc.! - r.a. - Etc.!"
“P.r., - r.a., - p.r.?”

Note:

If the first part of direct speech ends with a period, question mark or exclamation mark, then the second part of direct speech begins with a capital letter.
If the first part of direct speech ends with a comma, semicolon, dash, colon, ellipsis, i.e. if the sentence is not complete, then the second part begins with a lowercase (small) letter.

For example:
“Paris is the capital of France,” he corrected his younger sister. “And not Italy.”

“Paris,” he corrected his younger sister, “is the capital of France, not Italy.”

He immediately corrected his younger sister: “Paris is the capital of France, not Italy” - and left the room so as not to interfere with the girls’ communication.

Having said: “Goodbye!”, he left the room so as not to interfere with the girls’ communication.

§2. Punctuation of dialogue

Dialogues and polylogues (conversation between several persons) in fiction, journalism, and more precisely, in printed publications are formatted without the use of quotation marks.

A dash is placed at the beginning of dialogue lines, for example:

“The crowd was noisy, everyone was talking loudly, shouting, cursing, but nothing really could be heard. The doctor approached a young woman holding a fat gray cat in her arms and asked:

Please, explain what is happening here? Why are there so many people, what is the reason for their excitement, and why are the city gates closed?
- The guards are not letting people out of the city...
- Why aren’t they released?
- So that they do not help those who have already left the city...
The woman dropped the fat cat. The cat plopped down like raw dough. The crowd roared."

(Yu. Olesha, Three fat men)

Individual lines can also be styled with dashes:

“When he came to his senses, it was already evening. The doctor looked around:
- What a shame! The glasses, of course, broke. When I look without glasses, I probably see as a non-nearsighted person sees if he wears glasses. It's very unpleasant."

(Yu. Olesha, Three Fat Men)

Note:

If direct speech is combined with the author’s speech, then different punctuation schemes can be used. Punctuation will vary depending on the relationship between direct speech and the author's speech. But quotes are not needed. Direct speech is separated with a dash.

1) R.a.: - P.r. For example:

Then he grumbled about the broken heels:
“I’m already short in stature, and now I’ll be an inch shorter.” Or maybe two inches, because two heels broke off? No, of course, only one inch... (Yu. Olesha, Three Fat Men)

2) - P.r., - r.a. For example:

- Guard! - the seller shouted, not hoping for anything and kicking his legs (Yu. Olesha, Three Fat Men).

3) R.a.: - P.r.! - r.a. For example:

And suddenly the guardsman with a broken nose said:
- Stop! - and raised the torch high (Y. Olesha, Three Fat Men).

4) -P.r., - r.a. - Etc. For example:

- Stop screaming! - he got angry. - Is it possible to scream so loudly! (Yu. Olesha, Three fat men)

That is, the logic of the design of direct speech and the author’s speech is preserved, but quotation marks are not used. Instead, a dash is always placed at the beginning of direct speech.

In contact with

Ways to formulate someone else's speech

I.Direct speech

A: "P". "P", - a. "P, - a, - p."

A: “P?” "P?" - A. "P? - A. - P".

A: “P!” "P!" - A. "P! - A. - P".

A: “P...” “P...” - a. “P, - a. - P".

Etc.: 1) . P. I. Tchaikovsky wrote: “Inspiration is a guest who does not like to visit the lazy.”

2). “Inspiration is a guest who does not like to visit the lazy,” wrote P.I. Chaikovsky.

3). “Inspiration,” wrote P. I. Tchaikovsky, “is a guest who does not like to visit the lazy.”

If direct speech is presented in the form of a dialogue, then each replica begins with a new paragraph and is preceded by a dash.

- Are you satisfied, gentlemen generals? - the man-lounger asked meanwhile.

- We are satisfied, dear friend, we see your zeal! - the generals answered.

- Would you allow me to rest now?

- Rest, my friend, just unwind the rope first.

M. Saltykov-Shchedrin

II. Indirect speech

, (). A complex sentence with an explanatory clause coming after the main clause.

III. Basic citation methods

Introductory structures (post source)

BB, ….…, BB,……, BB.

1) According to P.I. Tchaikovsky, “inspiration is a guest who does not like to visit the lazy.” /Introductory phrase/.

2) As P.I. Tchaikovsky wrote, “inspiration is a guest who does not like to visit the lazy.” /Introductory sentence/.

3) “Inspiration,” as P.I. Tchaikovsky wrote, “is a guest who does not like to visit the lazy.”

Partial citation

1) In the middle or end of a sentence.

Etc. a) “This is the hope of our literature.” (V. A. Zhukovsky about A. S. Pushkin)

V. A. Zhukovsky called A. S. Pushkin “the hope of our literature.”

b) “You marvel at the jewels of our language: every sound is a gift...”

(N.V. Gogol)

N.V. Gogol always “marveled at the preciousness of the Russian language.”

2) At the beginning of a sentence.

“Nikolai Ostrovsky! You left us, but yours is wonderful fiery life continues, blooms, boils in millions yours readers! (V. Kataev about N. Ostrovsky)

“... The fiery life continues... in millions... of readers,” -

V. Kataev wrote about N. Ostrovsky.

IV. Errors in the design of someone else's speech

1. Mixing direct and indirect speech.

A. P. Chekhov wrote that: “Everything in a person should be beautiful.”

Right:

A.P. Chekhov wrote: “Everything in a person should be beautiful.”

A.P. Chekhov wrote that “everything in a person should be beautiful.”

2. Using an extra conjunction in a sentence with indirect speech.

I asked in the theater What will whether premiere today.

Right: I asked at the theater if there would be whether premiere today.

3. Placing a question mark in a declarative sentence with an indirect question.

I asked at the theater if there would be a premiere today?

Right: I asked at the theater if there would be a premiere today.

4. Formatting the introductory sentence as the words of the author in direct speech.

As A.P. Chekhov believes: “Everything in a person should be beautiful.”

Right: As A.P. Chekhov believes, “everything in a person should be beautiful.”

The concept of direct and indirect speech.

A speech spoken by someone can be conveyed by speakers either in the form of direct speech or in the form of indirect speech.

Direct speech is a speech spoken on behalf of the person by whom it was once pronounced or could have been pronounced, while preserving all its features.

PRIME R.- Annushka! Annushka! “Come here, don’t be afraid,” the old man called affectionately.

Indirect speech, in contrast to direct speech, is such speech in which the speaker conveys someone else’s words on his own behalf in the form of subordinate clauses.

The above direct speech can be conveyed in the form of indirect speech: The old man affectionately called Annushka and said, so that she would approach him without fear. Annushka answered in a thin voice, that he is afraid.

EXAMPLE “Your coachman is a fair man,” Kasyan answered me thoughtfully,- and also not without sin" (T.) - The author's words are highlighted.

Purpose of direct speech.

EXAMPLES. 1) “What sunshine!” Kasyan said in a low voice. “What grace, Lord! What warmth in the forest.” (T.) 2) “Please tell me, Kasyan,” I began, without taking my eyes off his slightly flushed face, “what do you do for a living?” (T.) 3) “Where am I?” - flashed through my head. (T.)

Since direct speech conveys the oral speech of different persons while preserving all its features, it is usually more lively and more emotional compared to indirect speech. In it you can often find appeals, exclamations, particles, introductory words, word order characteristic of live, unprepared speech, incomplete sentences, unfinished and interrupted sentences. In the author’s own story, these speech features are much less common.

Due to its liveliness and expressiveness, direct speech is used in works of art to characterize characters.

Improperly direct speech.

A special technique for expressing the thoughts of the characters is direct speech.

The technique of improperly direct speech was introduced into Russian literature by A. S. Pushkin and received the widest development in fiction.

Improperly direct speech consists in the fact that the author, as it were, transforms into his hero and speaks for him, conveying from himself the hero’s thoughts, his “inner speech.”

In the novel “The Young Guard,” A. Fadeev uses improperly direct speech, conveying the excited state and thoughts of Sergei Tyulenin:

He grabbed the bread. He quickly kissed his mother’s hand and, despite his fatigue, excitedly looking into the darkness with his sharp eyes, began greedily chewing this wonderful wheat top.

How extraordinary that girl on the truck was! And what a character / And what eyes!.. But she didn’t like him, that’s a fact. If only she knew what he had gone through during these days, what he had experienced! If only I could share this with at least one person in the world! But how good it is to be at home, how nice it is to find yourself in your own bed, in a lived-in little house, among your relatives and chewing this fragrant wheat bread, homemade, motherly baked goods!.. No, he did the right thing by not telling her anything. God knows whose girl this is and what kind of girl she is. Perhaps he will tell Styopka Safonov everything tomorrow and by the way find out from him what kind of girl she is. But Styopka is a talker. No, he will tell everything only to Vitka Lukyanchenko, if he has not left... But why wait until tomorrow, when everything, absolutely everything can be told to sister Nadya right now!

Dialogue.

Direct speech, which is a conversation between two or more persons, is called d i a - l o g o m.

Dialogue lines are usually related to each other in meaning. For example:

- What street is this?

- Sadovaya.

- Do you know how to get to Lesnaya?

- Go straight and then right.

Punctuation marks for direct speech.

1. To highlight direct speech, high marks are used.

EXAMPLE “What, blind man?” said a woman’s voice, “the storm is strong; Yanko will not be there.” “Yanko is not afraid of the storm,” he answered. “The fog is thickening,” the female voice objected again with an expression of sadness. (L.)

Example. Kazbich impatiently interrupted him: “Get away, crazy boy! Where can you ride my horse!” (L.)

Note: In print, direct speech that comes after the author’s words sometimes begins with a paragraph. In this case, direct speech is preceded by

Example. Kazbich interrupted him impatiently:

- Go away, you crazy boy! Where can you ride my horse? (L.)

3. After direct speech, the author’s words are preceded by either a comma, a capital sign, or a question sign. A capital letter, or a dot, and after any of these signs - a dash. The author's words after direct speech begin to be written with a small letter.

EXAMPLES. 1) “This is my father’s horse,” said Bela. (L.) 2) "Get moving!" - he shouted to the coachmen. (L.) 3) "Why are you hiding here?" - Dubrovsky asked the blacksmith. (P.) 4) “If only the wind could blow now...” says Sergei. (M.G.)

If there should not be any sign at the break in direct speech or there should be a comma, semicolon, colon or dash, then the author’s words are highlighted on both sides by commas m i i t i r e. The first word of the second part of direct speech is written with a small letter.

EXAMPLES.

1) " I told you that today “I told you,” exclaimed

there will be weather" Maxim Maksimych - what is it today

there will be weather." (L.)

2) “It’s not for nothing that he’s wearing this ring- “It’s not for nothing that he’s wearing this ring-

chuga: surely he is something, - I thought, - surely,

"be up to something," he's up to something. (L.)

Note: At the point where direct speech breaks, quotation marks are not placed either after the first segment or before the second segment.

If there should be a dot where the direct speech breaks, then after the direct speech a comma and a dash are placed before the author’s words, and after the author’s words a dot and a dash are placed. The first word The second part of direct speech in this case begins with a capital letter.

"There are ships at the pier. Tomorrow- “There are ships at the pier,” according to-

“I’ll go to Gelend soon,” I thought. “Tomorrow I’ll go.”

zhik. I'm going to Gelendzhik." (L.)

If at the place of the break in direct speech there should be a question mark or an exclamation mark, then after direct speech the author’s words are placed This sign is a letter, and after the author’s words there is a dot. The first word of the second part of direct speech begins with a capital letter.

EXAMPLES.

1) "Oh, shouldn't we go back? "Oh, shouldn't we go back?

Why be stubborn?” I boiled. “Why be stubborn?” (L.)

2) “Nice horse you have!” “Nice horse you have!” - th -

If I were the owner in Dovor Azamat. - If I

me and had a herd of three hundred was the owner of the house and had

mares, then I would give up a herd of three hundred mares, then

guilt for your horse, I would give half for your

Kazbich!" his horse, Kazbich!" (L.)

Note: If there was an ellipsis at the break site, it remains before the dash. After the author's words there is either a comma and a dash, or a period and a dash. After a comma and a dash, the first word of the second part of direct speech is written with a small letter, and after a period and a dash - with a capital letter.

EXAMPLES.

1) - Where is... your tova- - And where is... - I asked, -

risch? your friend?

2) - No... It won’t go too far - - No... - she said in anguish

He’s crossing the river, woman. - He won’t get across the river.

5. If the first half of the author’s words refers to the first part of direct speech, and the second - to the second, standing after the break, then punctuation marks are placed before the author’s words according to the rules set out in paragraph 3, and after the author’s words a double is placed o h i e and t i r e. The first word of the second part of direct speech is written with a capital letter.

Example. “Let’s go, it’s cold,” said Makarov and asked gloomily: “Why are you silent?” (M.G.)

6. Individual original words of another person included in the text as members of a sentence are highlighted only

in quotation marks.

Example. The frost amused our fighter. He just found it. that the frost was “light”.(I. Erenburg)

7. When recording dialogue on a line, the speech of each interlocutor is enclosed in quotation marks and separated from the speech of the other person by a dash.

PRIME R.- "Great, lad!" - “Go past!” - “You are too formidable, as I can see. Where did the firewood come from?” - “From the forest, of course. Father, you hear, chops, and I take it away.” (N.)

8. If the speech of each interlocutor begins with a paragraph, then a dash is placed in front of it, and quotation marks are not placed:

- Hello, godfather Thaddeus!

- Hello, godfather Egor!

- So, how are you doing, buddy?

• Oh. Godfather, you don’t know my misfortune, what I see! (Kr.)

Exercise 181. Write by inserting the missing letters. Explain the placement of punctuation marks in direct speech.

1. “Why are you wearing a bandage... with a scarf?” I asked the hunter Vladimir. “Do your teeth hurt?” “No, sir,” he objected, “this is a more harmful consequence of ... caution.”

2. Barefoot, ragged and disheveled, Suchok seemed to be a retired servant, about sixty years old. "Do you have a boat?" - I asked. “There is a boat,” he answered in a dull and broken voice, “but it’s painfully bad.”

3. One day Ovsyanikov’s house got hot. The worker ran towards him in a hurry, shouting: “Fire! Fire!” “Well, why are you shouting?” Ovsyanikov said calmly. “Give me your hat and crutch...”

4. Ovsyanikov looked around, moved closer to me and continued in an undertone: “Have you heard about Vasily Nikolaich Lyubozvonov?” - “No, I haven’t heard.”

5. Without a twig in his hand, at night Pavlusha, without hesitation at all, galloped alone towards the wolf... “What a nice boy!” - I thought, looking at him. “Have you seen them, perhaps, wolves?” - asked the coward Kostya. “There are always a lot of them here,” answered Pavel, “but they are only restless in winter.”

6. “Are you alone here?” - I asked the girl. “Alone,” she said barely intelligibly. “Are you the forester’s daughter?” “Lesnikova,” she whispered.

7. I stretched out on the hay and was about to take a nap... but I remembered the “wrong place” - and woke up. “What, Filofey? How far is it to the ford?” - “To the ford? It will be eight versts.”

“Eight miles,” I thought. “I won’t get there until an hour later. I can get some sleep while I’m at it.” “Do you, Filofey, know the road well?” - I asked again. “How can you not know the road? It’s not the first time.”

(I. S. Turgenev.)

182 . Write it down using punctuation marks. Direct speech is emphasized by discharge.

Voinitsyn is called. Voinitsyn stands up and approaches the table with a firm step.

They tell him to read the ticket. Voinitsyn brings the ticket to his very nose with both hands, reads it slowly and slowly lowers his hands. Well, you’re welcome to answer, the professor lazily says, throwing his torso back and crossing his arms over his chest. Deathly silence reigns. Why are you WARRIORS silent? However, another examiner notices this strangely. W h a t you are like a ne w s t o i t e.

You don't know anything about what you say. PLEASE PLEASE ANOTHER BILL “Take it,” the unfortunate man says dully. The professors look at each other. The chief examiner replies with a wave of his hand. Voinitsyn takes the ticket again, goes to the window again, returns to the table and again is silent as if killed. Finally they chase him away and set him to zero. He returns to his place and sits motionless until the end of the exam, and when leaving he exclaims N u b a n i e k a i a task. And he walks around Moscow all that day, occasionally clutching his head and bitterly cursing his mediocre fate. Of course, he doesn’t take up the book, and the next morning the same story repeats itself.

(I. S. Turgenev.)

Replacing direct speech with indirect speech.

Direct speech is conducted on behalf of the person by whom it was spoken, indirect speech - on behalf of the author. Therefore, in indirect speech, depending on the change in the speaker’s face, all personal and possessive pronouns must be replaced, for example:

Direct speech. Indirect speech.

The comrade said: “I believe- The comrade said, what is he under

I am waiting". waiting.

You told me: “You told me this. what you

I'll do it for you" you will do this for me.

The pilot stated: “In my opinion, the pilot stated, what, according to him

I think the weather is the best I think the weather is the best flight!"

When converting direct speech into indirect speech, the following cases may occur.

1. Direct speech is conveyed in indirect by an explanatory clause with a conjunction What, For example: He[Pechorin] came to me in full uniform and announced that he was ordered to stay in my fortress. (L.)

2. Direct speech is conveyed in indirect by an explanatory clause with a conjunction to, For example: Chichikov thanked the hostess, saying that he did not need anything so that she would not worry about anything. (G.)

Union to used when replacing sentences of direct speech in which the predicate was expressed in the form of the imperative mood.

Direct speech. Indirect speech.

Come to me! - I said to my friend, so he

I'm a friend. came to me.

3. If direct speech is an interrogative sentence, then in indirect speech the conjunctions What And to are not used. Direct speech is replaced by such a subordinate explanatory sentence, in which the role of conjunctions is played by pronouns, adverbs and particles that were in the question, for example:

Direct speech. Indirect speech.

"What time is it?" I asked. I asked, what time is it now.

"Where are you going?" I asked. I asked my companions,

to my companions, where are they going?

"Will you solve this problem? I asked my friend, will decide

What?" I asked my friend. whether he has this task.

If the question was expressed without any particles, only intonation, then the particle appears in indirect speech whether, playing the role of a union in it.

Direct speech. Indirect speech.

"Will you come to see me?" - I asked my friend, will come in

I am strong comrade, is he coming to me?

A question conveyed in indirect speech is called an indirect question.

4. If in direct speech there are interjections, addresses, particles, then in indirect speech all these words are omitted. The shades expressed by them are only approximately conveyed in indirect speech by some other suitable words - the result is a distant retelling of direct speech.

Direct speech. Indirect speech.

- Hello, godfather Thaddeus! Two godfathers met: Fad-

- Hello, godfather Egor! dey and Egor. said hello.

- Well, what’s it like, buddy, Egor asked Thaddeus, how,

are you living? he lives. Thaddeus groaned and

- Oh, godfather. my misfortune that I began to talk about my

I see you don't know! (Kr.) trouble.

Punctuation marks in indirect speech.

Quotation marks are not used for indirect speech. If indirect speech is a subordinate clause, it, like any subordinate clause, is separated by a comma. But in sentences with an indirect question, double punctuation is possible:

When an indirect question contains an interrogative meaning, it is preceded by a colon and followed by a question mark, for example: All night I thought: who could it be? When an indirect question is considered as a simple transfer of the content of the question, a comma is placed before it, and at the end of a complex sentence is the sign that is required by the meaning of the entire complex sentence, for example: All night I wondered who it could be.

Exercise 183. 1. Replace, where possible, direct speech with indirect speech in the examples given in Exercise 182.

II. Replace direct speech with indirect speech in Krylov’s fables: “The Pike and the Cat,” “The Wolf in the Kennel,” “The Crow and the Fox,” “The Peasant and the Worker,” adding it to the author’s words so that in indirect speech the meaning of the direct speech is preserved to the greatest extent speech.

Punctuation marks for quotations.

A type of direct speech are quotations, or verbatim excerpts from statements and writings of different authors.

Quotes are highlighted with quotation marks. If a quotation is included in the text as an independent sentence, punctuation marks are placed in the same way as in direct speech, for example: Pushkin, assessing his predecessors, wrote: “Some of Derzhavin’s odes, despite the irregularity of the language and the unevenness of the syllable, are filled with impulses of genius...” If the quotation merges with the author’s words into one sentence (complex or simple), those punctuation marks that are required by the construction of this sentence are placed, for example: Pushkin, assessing his predecessors, wrote that “some of Derzhavin’s odes, despite the irregularity of the language and the unevenness of the syllable, are filled with impulses of genius.”

Navigation