Natural phenomena in English. Natural phenomenon

Mother Nature can act rather scary sometimes. Almost every day TV channels, radio and newspapers report on natural disasters striking different parts of the world. Scientists say that earthquakes, tornados, floods, droughts, tsunamis, landslides and hurricanes are happening more frequently nowadays. Global warming, pollution and growing industrialization lead to imbalance in our echo-system.

A natural disaster can be defined as an uncontrollable extreme disruption which causes environmental and financial damage and victims of vulnerable population. Sometimes the events can be predicted by special meteorological warning systems and they often happen in the same geographical area because they are related to climate and physical characteristics of the region. For example, Florida is constantly suffering from tornadoes and hurricanes, and Japan – from earthquakes.

An earthquake happens when tectonic plates of the earth move and they make the area shake violently. According to the Richter scale the magnitude of earthquakes is measured from 1 to 10 points. The most powerful earthquake was recorded in 1960 in Chile, its magnitude was 9.5.

Volcanic eruptions occur when hot red magma erupts from the earth’s crust and flows from the top of the volcano. It also throws volcano ashes into the air which are harmful to inhale for human beings and animals.

A tsunami is a series of dangerous huge ocean waves, usually caused by underwater earthquakes. This natural disaster attacks the shore all of a sudden and often results in thousands of deaths. The height of the waves can reach 30 meters.

Flooding is another natural disaster. Floods happen when the water level in rivers and seas becomes too high. Sometimes flash floods can even wash away whole villages.

During extremely hot dry summers our world usually suffers from vast forest fires and severe droughts. Wildfires are especially dangerous in windy weather when they spread very easily. Droughts may result in famine because the land becomes dry and people can’t grow any plants and vegetables on it.

A tornado is an enormous column of twisting wind that moves very fast and destroys houses, raises in the air and throws people, animals and heavy things. Hurricanes and tornados are very common in America and the Atlantic Ocean.

Landslides happen when earth and rocks on slopes become loose or water-laden and they fall down the hills or mountains.

People face great problems after disasters: the water is usually infected, the communication lines (electricity, telephone) are often damaged, most of the buildings and property are destroyed, agricultural crops are also damaged. Natural disasters are great tragedies to many countries and nations. They take a lot of people’s lives. Thousands of people become homeless, unemployed. They need medical and psychological help.

Translation

Mother Nature can be quite terrifying at times. Almost every day, television channels, radio and newspapers report on natural disasters affecting various parts of the world. Scientists say earthquakes, tornadoes, floods, droughts, tsunamis, landslides and hurricanes are occurring much more frequently today. Global warming, environmental pollution and developed industry are leading to an imbalance in our eco-system.

A natural disaster can be defined as an uncontrollable extreme destruction that results in environmental and financial damage and casualties of vulnerable populations. Sometimes events can be predicted using special weather warning systems, and often they occur in the same geographic area because they are related to the climatic and physical characteristics of the region. For example, Florida constantly suffers from tornadoes and hurricanes, and Japan from earthquakes.

An earthquake occurs when the earth's tectonic plates move and violently shake an area. According to the Richter scale, earthquake magnitudes range from 1 to 10. The most powerful earthquake was recorded in 1960 in Chile, its magnitude was 9.5 points.

Volcanic eruptions occur when hot red magma erupts from the Earth's crust and flows from the top of a volcano. She also throws into the air volcanic ash, harmful to the breathing of people and animals.

A tsunami is a series of dangerous, giant ocean waves, usually caused by underground earthquakes. This natural disaster strikes the coast unexpectedly and often results in thousands of deaths. The height of the waves can reach 30 meters.

Flooding is another natural disaster. Floods happen when water levels in rivers and seas become too high. Sometimes flash floods can wash away entire villages.

During abnormally hot, dry summers, our world is typically subject to widespread wildfires and severe droughts. Forest fires are especially dangerous in windy weather and spread very easily. Droughts can lead to famine as the land becomes dry and people cannot grow any plants or vegetables on it.

A tornado is a huge column of vortex wind that moves very quickly and destroys houses, lifting people, animals and heavy objects into the air and throwing them down. Hurricanes and tornadoes are common in America and the Atlantic Ocean.

On the topic of natural phenomena and disasters. The text can become the basis for a school essay or presentation

Natural disasters like earthquakes, tornado, tsunami and floods happen more frequently nowadays. There are many reasons why they occur, but the main one is related to human activity on Earth which often has a negative impact on our environment.

All kinds of disasters are usually very damaging. Many dwellings, roads and even whole streets and cities are ruined. The number of victims usually terrifies as hundreds or even thousands of people get injured or die in disasters. However, each disaster has a different nature.

For example, an earthquake is the result of the tectonic plates’ movement which leads to the shaking of a certain area on land. Earthquakes destroy buildings and people usually become victims because they get stuck or killed under the rubble.

Tornado is also a natural disaster which looks like an enormous column of the wind which lifts cars, bicycles, furniture and many other things. It is also called a twister and it can be very dangerous if touches the surface of the ground or water.

Flood in its turn happens when rivers burst their banks. Most extended floods damage cities and wash away whole populated places. Tsunami is another natural disaster which arises as a series of huge waves caused by underwater earthquakes.

Thus, there are many natural disasters which are dangerous for all of us. We should be careful and treat our planet better in order not to die with it.

Translation:

Natural disasters such as earthquakes, tornadoes, tsunamis and floods are now becoming more common. There are many reasons why they occur, but the main reason is related to human activities, which often have an impact negative impact on our environment.

All types of natural disasters are usually devastating. Many buildings, roads and even entire streets and cities are destroyed. The death toll is usually horrifying, as hundreds and even thousands of people are injured or killed in disasters. However, each cataclysm has its own nature.

For example, an earthquake is the result of the movement of tectonic plates, which leads to the shaking of a certain area of ​​the earth. Earthquakes destroy buildings and people usually become victims by becoming trapped or killed by the rubble.

Tornado is also a natural disaster that looks like a huge column of wind that lifts cars, bicycles, furniture and many other things above the ground. A tornado is also called a whirlwind, and it can be quite dangerous if it touches the surface of land or water.

Floods, in turn, occur when rivers overflow their banks. Most widespread floods damage cities and wash away entire communities. A tsunami is another natural disaster that occurs in the form of several huge waves triggered by underwater earthquakes.

Thus, there are many natural disasters that are dangerous for all of us. We should be more careful and treat our planet better so as not to perish along with it.

Phrases:

Natural disaster - natural disaster

Earthquake - earthquake

Flood - flood

Environment - environment

Victim - victim

To ruin/to destroy – destroy

Under the rubble - sub-fragments

To burst the banks - to burst their banks

Are you preparing for the Unified State Exam or Unified State Exam?

Comments to the article: 4

Answer

2018-06-26

Germany v Sweden - 2018 protest save Nature: The world's most destructive human intervention in nature: Stop oil production Sands. World to save natur: Help save mother Earth. Earthquake world Climate change and Environmental disasters in the world related to mining oil, gas, coal, salt, soil, gravel, sand, stone, ore and so on. Save the planet, to admire the beauty of nature and save the world from ecological disaster All of the causes of environmental disaster happens all over the world from. mining oil, coal, gas, iron ore, salt, diamonds, gold, sand, soil and so on. Environmental pollution around the world poses a serious threat to all worldwide Live Earth be in great danger. the Earth: mining coal, oil, gas and so on, emissions from factories and exhaust gases, deforestation, poisoning of air and water pollution, depletion of the ozone layer and catastrophically global changes of climate all over the world I, Nazar Pervobytnyi ask. all people in the world, let's live together according to the laws of Nature and save the Nature. Environmental pollution is one of the most acute problems of the world.

monstrous the behavior of humanity is a catastrophe in the world. The tragic events around the world Save Nature Planet, please save Earth. Earthquakes, causes extraction of oil, gas, coal, iron ore, salt and so on. Conservationists held a series of protest actions against the extraction of oil, gas, coal and more. Residents from different parts of the world I urge all people to forever stop the extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal. ore, oil, gas, and so on: let's save the World from global environmental disaster. In the world of all diseases and cancer in particular related to from oil, gas, coal, landfill, sewage network and the whole industrialization and urbanization : It carries all the poisoning and destruction of the habitat of all living things in the world. Many countries in the world for the first time in many years, was severely damaged by hurricanes. Environmental disaster from urbanization and industrialization: global climate change around the world increases the risk of environmental disasters. Droughts, floods, hurricanes, earthquakes – all becomes more and more intense. The protection of nature in Russia, USA and all over the world: this is something that should engage everyone from international. environmental organizations gathered for a rally in protest against mining coal, ore, oil, gas, soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt and so on. It is not too late for all of us and for all the world to recover to stop production. of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal. ore, oil, gas and more. Mining salt, coal, oil and gas brings us poverty, disease and death. Tears and pain nivchem innocent - all living things in the world, it is impossible to live on, otherwise all life will perish from human activities. Mother - Earth, where the world we live in. Oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, streams, creeks, springs, forests, meadows, flora and fauna adorn the Planet. World to save nature: Help save mother Earth. The effects of extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal, ore, oil, gas and so on. On the face: the climate changed for the worse, shallowed and dried up rivers and lakes in different parts of the world, the melting of icebergs and the Arctic ocean, earthquakes, hurricanes, acid rain, and snow disfigured and poisoned the land, air and water, various diseases. All living things in the world breathe polluted air, drink the same poisoned water. We are all sick suffer and die painfully slow. Rid of all misery and destruction, for this we need the entire world once and for all to stop the extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal, ore, oil, gas and so on. Life in the world is one, it is mother Earth that created us and other animals and plants. And we all the world should live according to the laws of mother nature, so we can get rid of all disease, suffering, and destruction. From mining salt, coal, ore, oil gas and so on: the Glaciers are melting and climate is changing at a rapid pace. We must preserve from environmental disasters. Environmental pollution and the worst environmental disasters in the world are caused by man. We are a child of Nature and we depend on mother Earth, it is better to start taking care of mother Nature. I think you, like me, you live for the sake of peace and for the salvation of mother Earth. I ask you, spread, please, my appeal, which is expressed with a heavy heart and with tears in eyes, because through the fault of mankind crumbling Earth and all living things die around the world. I appeal to all mankind, to the whole world to stop and imagine the scene that floods or drought. Then all will end, so it is urgent to stop the extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal. ore, oil, gas, and more. Man destroys all living things in the world: Urbanization and industrialization are dangerous to all living things in the world. Chemical hazardous substances deadly to all living things in the world. World production of oil, gas, coal, salt and so on are dangerous for the environment. There are serious problems of environmental pollution in all countries of the world, this occurs when cities, factories, transportation, sanitation, landfill and so on, pollute the air, water and land. Harmful substances are mixed, and the mixture is distributed worldwide in the wind and fall back to earth. Coal, oil and gas brings us poverty, disease and death. Global industrialization and urbanization has led to global climate change for the worst in the world. To recover and permanently terminate mining of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal. ore, oil, gas and more. So we can prevent global environmental catastrophe. Between us and other animal plants, there is no difference - we are all children of the Earth and we are all one family. We all the world should live according to the laws of mother Nature and save mother Earth from ecological disaster. Pollution (Land, Air and Water Pollution). Exxon Valdez oil spill

Answer

2018-08-23

Help save the world from all mankind. I, Bandzhov Nazarali Holnazarovich live for the sake of Nature and the preservation of Nature and the world. I was convinced that the real defenders of Nature are very few in the whole world. The overwhelming majority of people pollute the Earth, rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, mountains, forests, stepspes and so on, became scary for the future of the whole world. Protect world stop mining coal, oil, gas and so on: Mining companies and mining industry have turned the whole world into a huge quarry and an underground void, this is a real hell for the whole world. Environment problems in Europe, USA, Russia, Asia, Africa, Middle East and around the world situation catastrophic: Air, water and soil it around the world is poisoned. Pollution surrounding wednesdays from mankind, around the world all diseases from oil, gas, coal, iron ore, sewage, garbage, cities, industry and transport. Global climate change around the world: Drought, floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, a tsunami – all this occurs around the world. Save the planet, to admire the beauty of nature and save the world from ecological disaster. All of the causes of environmental catastrophe happens all over the world from mining oil, coal, gas, iron ore, salt, diamonds, gold, sand, soil and so on. Environmental pollution around the world poses a serious threat to all worldwide. Live Earth be in great danger. There are many things that negatively affect the Earth: mining coal, oil, gas and so on, emissions from factories and exhaust gases, deforestation, poisoning of air and water pollution, depletion of the ozone layer and catastrophically global changes of climate all over the world. Environmental pollution is one of the most acute problems of the world. monstrous the behavior of humanity is a catastrophe in the world. Tragic events around the world led to environmental disasters. World Save Nature Planet, please save Earth. Earthquakes, causes extraction of oil, gas, coal, iron ore, salt and so on. Conservationists held a series of protest actions against the extraction of oil, gas, coal and more. Residents from different parts of the world I urge all people to forever stop the extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal. ore, oil, gas, and so on: let's save the World from global environmental disaster. In the world of all diseases and cancer in particular related to from oil, gas, coal, landfill, sewage network and the whole industrialization and urbanization : It carries all the poisoning and destruction of the habitat of all living things in the world. Many countries in the world for the first time in many years, was severely damaged by hurricanes. Environmental disaster from urbanization and industrialization: global climate change around the world increases the risk of environmental disasters. Droughts, floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis – all becomes more and more intense. The protection of nature in Russia, USA and all over the world: this is something that should engage everyone. People from international environmental organizations gathered for a rally in protest against mining coal, ore, oil, gas, soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt and so on. It is not too late for all of us and for all the world to recover to stop production of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal. ore, oil, gas and more. Mining salt, coal, oil and gas brings us poverty, disease and death. Tears and pain nivchem innocent - all living things in the world, it is impossible to live on, otherwise all life will perish from human activities. Mother - Earth, where the world we live in. Oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, streams, creeks, springs, forests, meadows, flora and fauna adorn the Planet. World to save nature: Help save mother Earth. The effects of extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal, ore, oil, gas and so on. On the face: the climate changed for the worse, shallowed and dried up rivers and lakes in different parts of the world, the melting of icebergs and the Arctic ocean, earthquakes, hurricanes, acid rain, and snow disfigured and poisoned the land, air and water, various diseases. All living things in the world breathe polluted air, drink the same poisoned water. We are all sick suffer and die painfully slow. Rid of all misery and destruction, for this we need the entire world once and for all to stop the extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal, ore, oil, gas and so on. Life in the world is one, it is mother Earth that created us and other animals and plants. And we all the world should live according to the laws of mother nature, so we can get rid of all disease, suffering, and destruction. From mining salt, coal, ore, oil gas and so on: the Glaciers are melting and climate is changing at a rapid pace. We must preserve from environmental disasters. Environmental pollution and the worst environmental disasters in the world are caused by man. We are a child of Nature and we depend on mother Earth, it is better to start taking care of mother Nature. I think you, like me, you live for the sake of peace and for the salvation of mother Earth. I ask you, spread, please, my appeal, which is expressed with a heavy heart and with tears in eyes, because through the fault of mankind crumbling Earth and all living things die around the world. I appeal to all mankind, to the whole world to stop and imagine the scene that floods or drought. Then all will end, so it is urgent to stop the extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal. ore, oil, gas, and more. Man destroys all living things in the world: Urbanization and industrialization are dangerous to all living things in the world. Chemical hazardous substances deadly to all living things in the world. World production of oil, gas, coal, salt and so on are dangerous for the environment. There are serious problems of environmental pollution in all countries of the world, this occurs when cities, factories, transportation, sanitation, landfill and so on, pollute the air, water and land. Harmful substances are mixed, and the mixture is distributed worldwide in the wind and fall back to earth. Coal, oil and gas brings us poverty, disease and death. Global industrialization and urbanization has led to global climate change for the worst in the world. To recover and permanently terminate mining of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal. ore, oil, gas and more. So we can prevent global environmental catastrophe. Between us and other animal plants, there is no difference - we are all children of the Earth and we are all one family. We all the world should live according to the laws of mother Nature and save mother Earth from ecological disaster. Pollution (Land, Air and Water Pollution) www.youtube.com/watch?v=v..._-pu8&sns=tw. Exxon Valdez oil spill www.youtube.com/watch?v=d...vSh8o&sns=tw. Nature can to get rid of all ills, misfortune and ruin: www.youtube.com/watch?v=G...9YOC0&sns=tw. Profit Pollution and Deception BP and the Oil Spill BBC Documentary www.youtube.com/watch?v=8...MMO9w&sns=tw. Dakota Access Pipeline Company Attacks Native American Protesters with Dogs & Pepper Spray www.youtube.com/watch?v=k...zEo4k&sns=tw. Environmental problems of the Earth! www.youtube.com/watch?v=1...6J-uE&sns=fb. Tar Sands Oil Extraction - The Dirty Truth www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y...vP17A&sns=tw

Answer

2019-01-07

Water, land and air pollution in Germany, Netherlands and Europe. Catastrophe in Germany, Netherlands and in neighboring countries. Many containers of hazardous chemicals have fallen into the North Sea from the cargo ship MSC Zoe. And the containers were thrown in waves to the shores of the Dutch and German islands. For this reason, the coast guard encourages local residents not to open the containers or touch their contents. Organic peroxides, chemicals that cause irritation on contact with skin and mucous membranes, are found in containers that have fallen into water. Many countries in the world for the first time in many years, were severely damaged by hurricanes. Environmental disaster from urbanization and industrialization: global climate change around the world increases the risk of environmental disasters. Droughts, floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, tsunamis – all becomes more and more intense. The protection of nature in Russia, USA and all over the world: this is something that should engage everyone. People from international environmental organizations gathered for a rally in protest against mining coal, ore, oil, gas, soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt and more. It is not too late for all of us and for all the world to recover to stop production of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal. ore, oil, gas and more. Mining salt, coal, oil and gas brings us poverty, disease and death. Tears and pain nivchem innocent - all living things in the world, it is impossible to live on, otherwise all life will perish from human activities. Mother - Earth, where the world we live in. Oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, streams, creeks, springs, forests, meadows, flora and fauna adorn the Planet. World to save nature: Help save mother Earth. The effects of extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal, ore, oil, gas and so on. On the face: the climate changed for the worse, shallowed and dried up rivers and lakes in different parts of the world, the melting of icebergs and the Arctic ocean, earthquakes, hurricanes, acid rain, and snow disfigured and poisoned the land, air and water, various diseases. All living things in the world breathe polluted air, drink the same poisoned water. We are all sick suffer and die painfully slow. Rid of all misery and destruction, for this we need the entire world once and for all to stop the extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal, ore, oil, gas and so on. Life in the world is one, it is mother Earth that created us and other animals and plants. And we all the world should live according to the laws of mother nature, so we can get rid of all disease, suffering, and destruction. From mining salt, coal, ore, oil gas and so on: the Glaciers are melting and climate is changing at a rapid pace. We must preserve from environmental disasters. Environmental pollution and the worst environmental disasters in the world are caused by man. We are a child of Nature and we depend on mother Earth, it is better to start taking care of mother Nature. I think you, like me, you live for the sake of peace and for the salvation of mother Earth. I ask you, spread, please, my appeal, which is expressed with a heavy heart and with tears in eyes, because through the fault of mankind crumbling Earth and all living things die around the world. I appeal to all mankind, to the whole world to stop and imagine the scene that floods or drought. Then all will end, so it is urgent to stop the extraction of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal. ore, oil, gas, and more. Man destroys all living things in the world: Urbanization and industrialization are dangerous to all living things in the world. Chemical hazardous substances deadly to all living things in the world. World production of oil, gas, coal, salt and so on are dangerous for the environment. There are serious problems of environmental pollution in all countries of the world, this occurs when cities, factories, transportation, sanitation, landfill and so on, pollute the air, water and land. Harmful substances are mixed, and the mixture is distributed worldwide in the wind and fall back to earth. Coal, oil and gas brings us poverty, disease and death. Global industrialization and urbanization has led to global climate change for the worst in the world. To recover and permanently terminate mining of soil, gravel, sand, stone, salt, coal. ore, oil, gas and more. So we can prevent global environmental catastrophe. Between us and other animal plants, there is no difference - we are all children of the Earth and we are all one family. We all the world should live according to the laws of mother Nature and save mother Earth from ecological disaster. Pollution (Land, Air and Water Pollution) www.youtube.com/watch?v=v..._-pu8&sns=tw. Nature can to get rid of all ills, misfortune and ruin: www.youtube.com/watch?v=G...9YOC0&sns=tw. Profit Pollution and Deception BP and the Oil Spill BBC Documentary www.youtube.com/watch?v=8...MMO9w&sns=tw. Dakota Access Pipeline Company Attacks Native American Protesters with Dogs & Pepper Spray www.youtube.com/watch?v=k...zEo4k&sns=tw. Environmental problems of the Earth! www.youtube.com/watch?v=1...6J-uE&sns=fb. Exxon Valdez oil spill www.youtube.com/watch?v=d...vSh8o&sns=tw.

KARST (German Karst) (karst phenomena), phenomena associated with dissolution by natural waters rocks(gypsum (see GYPSUM), rock salt (see ROCK SALT)). Karst is characterized by a complex of underground (caves (see CAVES), cavities, passages,... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

PHENOMENON- see art. Essence and phenomenon. Philosophical encyclopedic dictionary. M.: Soviet encyclopedia. Ch. editor: L. F. Ilyichev, P. N. Fedoseev, S. M. Kovalev, V. G. Panov. 1983. PHENOMENON... Philosophical Encyclopedia

phenomenon- I'm with. 1) outdated, book. Arrival, arrival of someone; advent. The phenomenon of genius. Meanwhile, Onegin’s appearance at the Larins’ house made a great impression on everyone (Pushkin). Synonyms: appearance Antonyms: disappearance... Popular dictionary of the Russian language

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phenomenon- phenomena, cf. 1. units only Action according to verb. appear in 1 value and appear at 2 digits. (book obsolete, church). The appearance of Christ to the disciples. The appearance of relics (discovery). 2. Part of an act or action, in which the composition of the characters does not change (lit., theater.) ... Dictionary Ushakova

“APPENANCE AND MEANING”- “APPENANCE AND MEANING. Phenomenology as a basic science and its problems” work by G. G. Shpet, published in Moscow in 1914 by the Hermes publishing house (reprint: Tomsk, 1996). It represents the first detailed consideration of phenomenology in Russia... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

PHENOMENON- PHENOMENON, I, cf. 1. see appear. 2. In philosophy: manifestation, expression of essence, that in which it is revealed. Self and essence. 3. In general, any detectable manifestation of anything. Physical self. Natural phenomena. Social phenomena. 4. Event, incident... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

"APPENANCE AND MEANING- Phenomenology as a basic science and its problems" - the work of G.G. Shpet, published in Moscow in 1914 by the Hermes publishing house (reprint: Tomsk, 1996). This is the first in Russia detailed consideration of Husserl’s phenomenology based on the material of 1... Philosophical Encyclopedia

phenomenon- APPEARANCE, APPEARANCE, I; Wed 1. to Appear. I am a popular genius. Ya to the scene of the main character. * Meanwhile, Onegin’s appearance at the Larins made a great impression on everyone (Pushkin). // Advent. I. Christ. 2. Part of an act, action (in a play), in which... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

Phenomenon- 1) in common use. meaning this word means an event perceived by a person. But sometimes by “I” we mean such processes that are accessible only to internal vision, such as, for example, see Dreams or see Visions (1 Samuel 3:5; Dan 8:1; Acts ... ... Brockhaus Biblical Encyclopedia

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Goals and objectives of the lesson:

• repeat the topics studied;
• develop listening, speaking, reading, translation skills;
• deepen interdisciplinary connections and knowledge of students in other subjects, in particular geography.

The lesson starts with organizational moment, during which the teacher informs students about the topic (slide 2) and talks about the tasks to be solved during the lesson.

“Hello, everybody. Glad to see you. Sit down, please. Today we are going to talk about extreme natural phenomena and we’ll learn a lot of interesting facts.”

“First comes warming-up. Let’s review two rhymes about the weather.”

Rainbow at night
Is the sailor's delight.
Rainbow at morning,
Sailor, take warning!
Evening red and morning gray
Are the signs of a bonny day.
Evening gray and morning red
Bring down rain on the farmer's head.

Next, students become familiar with the names of some extreme natural phenomena in English (slide 4). If students find it difficult to translate a particular word, they, as always in class, can use a dictionary.

“Look at the blackboard /screen/. Let’s read and translate some extreme natural phenomena.”

1. An eclipse.
2. A tsunami.
3. A typhoon.
4. A hurricane.
5. A tornado.
6. An eruption.
7. An earthquake.
8. A flood.

After the words have been translated and their correct pronunciation has been practiced, students are offered explanations of all these words (slide 4):

“And now you can see the definitions of these extreme natural phenomena. Read and match. Five minutes at your disposal.”

a. a violent storm with extremely strong winds and heavy rains.

b. a process when a volcano explodes inside and flames, rocks and lava come out of the top.

c. a large amount of water that covers an area that was dry before.

d. a short period when all or part of the Sun or Moon becomes dark because of the positions of the Sun, Moon and Earth in relation to each other.

e. a tropical storm with strong winds

f. a sudden shaking movement of the ground

g. a very strong wind that goes quickly round in a circle or funnel

h. a very large wave that causes a lot of damage when it hits the land

Students independently read and translate the definitions of words and match the word with its definition, for example 1-b, 2-g, etc. When the majority of students have completed the task, the teacher invites students to test themselves by showing correct options answers: 1-d, 2-h, 3-e,4-a,5-g,6-b, 7-f, 8-c(slide 5).

After this, students take turns reading the resulting sentences (slide 5).

“And now let’s read and translate these sentences.”

1. An eclipse isa short period when all or part of the Sun or Moon becomes dark because of the positions of the Sun, Moon and Earth in relation to each other.
2. A tsunami isa very large wave that causes a lot of damage when it hits the land.
3. A typhoon is a tropical storm with strong winds.
4. A hurricane isa violent storm with extremely strong winds and heavy rains.
5. A tornado isa very strong wind that goes quickly round in a circle or funnel.
6. An eruption isa process when a volcano explodes inside and flames, rocks and lava come out of the top.
7. An earthquake isa sudden shaking movement of the ground.
8. A flood isa large amount of water that covers an area that was dry before.

“Now let’s read and answer the questions.”

1. What is...?
2. Which of these natural phenomena is the most dangerous? Why?
3. Have you ever seen anything like this yourself?
4. Where do…often happen on the Earth?
5. What famous volcanoes do you know? Where are they?
6. Why do people give names to tornadoes? to typhoons? to hurricanes?

This type of work is carried out in several modes: student - student, class - student, student - class.

The next stage of the lesson is working with text "Volcanoes"(slide 7).

“Next comes the text “Volcanoes”. Your task is to read and translate it. Try to understand as much as possible.”

There are a lot of volcanoes on the Earth. A volcano is a mountain that forces hot gas, rocks, ash and lava into the air through a hole at the top. Some volcanoes are not immediately dangerous because they are not active and have become dormant. Others will never be dangerous again because they are completely extinct. Active volcanoes can erupt. Some of them erupt slowly and quietly. This slow eruption can last for months or even years. Sometimes volcanoes erupt very quickly and noisily.

Under the surface of the earth it is very hot. The rocks are not hard and solid. They are thick and liquid. This liquid rock is called magma. Sometimes there is an opening in the rocks on the surface. Then magma can come up through this opening and the volcano erupts. Dust and pieces of rock are thrown up into the air. Red hot lava pours down the sides of the mountains. Later on, the lava cools and becomes hard rock.

Then students are asked to restore the correct word order in the sentences (slide 8).

“Your next task is to arrange these sentences in a proper way. Do it in written form.”

1. into the air; a volcano; hot gas, rocks, ash and lava; that; is; forces; a mountain; through a hole at the top
2. and; active volcanoes; on the Earth; there are; dormant volcanoes; extinct volcanoes
3. on the surface; there is; an opening in the rocks; sometimes
4. and; erupts; can come up; the magma; through this opening; the volcano
5. into the air; are thrown up; hot gas, rocks, ash and lava
6. down the sides of the mountains; pours; red hot lava
7. cools; becomes; the lava; hard rock; and
8. thick and liquid; under the surface of the earth; and; are; the rocks; are called magma; they

When students finish this activity, they test themselves.

“Now look at the screen again and check yourselves.”

1. A volcano is a mountain that forces hot gas, rocks, ash and lava into the air through a hole at the top.
2. There are active volcanoes, dormant volcanoes and extinct volcanoes on the Earth.
3. Sometimes there is an opening in the rocks on the surface.
4. The magma can come up through this opening and the volcano erupts.
5. Hot gas, rocks, ash and lava are thrown up into the air.
6. Red hot lava pours down the sides of the mountains.
7. The lava cools and becomes hard rock.
8. Under the surface of the earth the rocks are thick and liquid and they are called magma.

An animated picture of a volcanic eruption appears on the screen. Students look at it and their task is to comment on what is happening on the screen by filling out the callouts (slide 10).

“Look at the screen please. The volcano is erupting. Please comment what is happening.”

After this task, if time permits, you can invite students to watch a short video fragment (though in Russian) about a volcanic eruption (the video fragment is taken from the electronic version of the Cyril and Methodius Encyclopedia).

After the video fragment, one of the students tells in English how a volcanic eruption occurs (slide 12).

The next stage of the lesson is dedicated to the city of Pompeii. For five to seven minutes, students read the text independently (slide 13), and then complete several tasks for this text.

“Your next task is to read the text about the Italian town of Pompeii. While reading choose the best title for the text from your point of view.”

North of Pompeii there is a mountain called Mount Vesuvius. It is a volcano. The people who lived in Pompeii two thousand years ago were not afraid of the volcano. It had been quiet for eight hundred years.

Then in August one year strange things started to happen. People heard noises under the ground. The water in their wells disappeared. Birds flew away from the town. Animals were frightened. On August 24th Mount Vesuvius erupted. Hot dust and rock was thrown 20 kilometers into the air. Red-hot lava and rock poured down the sides of the mountain. The wind was blowing towards Pompeii and the hot dust fell on the town. It made breathing difficult for people. Many people ran away but many people stayed there. They did not know that a wall of lava was coming towards the town at more than 1000 kilometers an hour. The next day the town of Pompeii was buried under four meters of lava. Everyone who had stayed in the town died. The town remained buried until 1860. in that year archaeologists started to move the rock which covered the town. They found temples, theaters, shops and houses, paintings, jewelry and coins. They found the town just as it was nearly two thousand years ago when it disappeared under the lava from Mount Vesuvius.

Students are given four text titles, they choose the best from their point of view (slide 13).

The next task that students perform on the text is to determine whether the sentence corresponds to the text or not (slide 14).

“Read these sentences and say whether they are true or false.”

1. The people of Pompeii were frightened of Mount Vesuvius.
2. Nothing unusual happened before the volcano erupted.
3. It was a very big eruption.
4. The lava moved slowly.
5. When the volcano erupted, everyone left the town.
6. The town was buried for nearly 2,000 years.

The next task for the text is working with numerals, of which there are quite a lot in the text (slide 15). First, students remember how to read quantitative two-digit, three-digit, four-digit and ordinal numbers in English, then they create mini-dialogues (slide 15):

Give me a number, please.

- (a sentence from the text)

Another version of the same mini-dialogue:

Give me a number, please.

The next task offered to students is as follows. Students are given information about two famous volcanoes - Vesuvius and Krakatoa (slide 17). Many facts are mixed up. The students' task is to correctly distribute the information into two groups.

“Now look at the screen again, please. You see some information about the two famous volcanoes. Some of these facts are mixed up. Please divide all this information into two groups correctly.”

1. 2,000 years ago Pompeii was a busy town.
2. There was a volcano on this island.
3. The volcano had been quiet for 800 years.
4. The volcano erupted on the 26th of August, 1883.
5. The waves in the sea were 15 meters high.
6. Hot dust and rock was thrown 20 kilometers into the air.
7. About 36,000 people died.
8. People heard the noise of the eruption 4,300 kilometers away from the island.
9. The ash from the volcano covered the area of ​​800,000 km2.
10. They found the town just as it was nearly two thousand years ago.

1. It was a small beautiful island in Indonesia.
2. North of the town there was a volcano.
3. The volcano erupted on the 24th of August, 73.
4. A wall of lava was coming towards the town at more than 100 kilometers an hour.
5. The waves traveled 13,000 kilometers and destroyed houses and villages.
6. The town was buried under 4 meters of lava.
7. About 20,000 people died.
8. In 1860 archeologists started to move the rock which covered the town.
9. For three years people all over the world saw beautiful bright sunsets because of the dust from Krakatoa.
10. The volcano erupted again in 1927 and in 1950.

After completing the task, students again have the opportunity to test themselves (slides 18 and 19).

And the last task for students is to choose any of the two volcanoes and talk about it. As an introduction to their story, students can use information they already know (slides 4,7, 9).

“Now choose any volcano you like more and make a story about it. You can use all the information about volcanoes you know. You can begin with the definition of a volcano, how it erupts, etc.”

VIII.

Students' homework is creative and includes several options:

– prepare a presentation about volcanoes
- write an essay about the eruption of Vesuvius or Krakatoa from the point of view of a reporter - an eyewitness or a resident of this city/island
- find information about some other famous volcano

“Our lesson is over. I hope you learned a lot of new and interesting information. Your marks are…Thank you for your work. Good bye.”