Future perfect in the past exercises. Future in the Past in English: everything is simpler than it seems

Education of Future in the Past

All forms of Future in the Past are formed similarly to the corresponding forms of Future with the replacement of shall and will by the forms should and would.

IN colloquial speech Abbreviations used:
would='d
should='d
They'd have played.
should not=shouldn’t=’d not
I should’t have played =I’d not have played .
would=wouldn"t=’dnot
She wouldn't be playing. = She’d not have played .
Shouldn't I have played?
Wouldn't he have played?

Future in the Past Simple

Future in the Past Perfect

Using the tenses Future in the Past

1. Future in the Past Simple used to express simple, ordinary actions or a sequence of actions in the future, observed in the past.

He said he would soon take up French. – He said that he would improve his French soon.(pull up - future action, observed from the past, said relative to the past)

2. Future in the Past Continuous used to express a long-term action that will occur at a certain point in the future, or a future action resulting from circumstances. Both actions relate to the past.

And she thought that at this time next Sunday she would be approaching her beloved Paris. “And she thought that at this time next Sunday she would already be approaching her beloved Paris.

3. Future in the Past Perfect used to express an action that will be completed at a certain point in the future relative to the past.

He realized that he would have finished his task long before midnight. - He realized that he would finish his work long before midnight.

4. Future in the Past Perfect Continuous used to express a continuous action that will begin before a certain moment in the future relative to the past and will continue until that moment or will still continue at the moment. This form rarely used even in book style.

He said he would have been living here for ten years next year. – He said that he will live here for 10 years next year.

Note: Although Future in the Past tenses denote future actions, real time these actions can be much wider.
I said I should come today, and so I"m here! (actual tense is present)

In English there is a section of grammar called "future in the past." How is this possible?

Despite the confusing name, it's quite simple. We use Future in the Past when in the past we talk about some action that will happen or may happen in the future.

For example: “He said he would come home from work late. She thought they would go to the store together."

To construct such sentences, you need to know tense agreement in English. It's very simple. Now I will teach you.

In the article you will learn:

• Using the future simple tense in the past

What is "future in the past" in English?

We use Future in the Past when in the past we talk about an event or action that will happen in the future. Simply put, when in the past we talked about future actions.

For example:

I thought (past tense) that I would catch the train (future tense).

He said (past tense) that we would regret our decision (future tense).

As you can see, the first part is in the past tense (said, thought). The second part contains action in the future (if I have time, I'll regret it).

There are four future tenses that we can use in the past tense:

• Future Simple in the Past (simple future in the past)
• Future Continuous in the Past (continued future in the past)
• Future Perfect in the Past (future perfect in the past)
• Future Perfect Continuous in the Past (continuous perfect in the past)

Today we will look at the first tense - Future Simple.

Rules for using the Future Simple in the Past in English

We use the Future Simple in the Past form when we talk about an action in the future in the past. This form is the most used of all four.

This sentence consists of 2 parts:

• The first part is in the simple past tense (Past Simple)
• The second part contains the action of the future tense (Future Simple in the past)

Let's look at the formation of each of these parts in detail.

The first part is the simple past tense

The first part is built in Past Simple tense. Typically this part contains character and action. Most often we use the following verbs (actions):

• say - to speak;
• tell - to speak;
• think - to think;
• know - to know;
• believe - believe, believe;
• hope - to hope

Since the first part contains the past tense (Past Simple), we put the verbs in the past form. To do this:

• if the verb is regular, we add the ending -ed (hoop - hooped)
• if the verb is not regular, we put it in the 2nd form (tell - told, say - said).

Examples:

Regular verbs:

He decided…
He decided...

She wished...
She dreamed...

Irregular verbs:

She thought…..
She thought.....

They knew…..
They knew.....

The second part contains the Future Simple

In the second part, we talk about future action and use Future Simple. This tense is formed using an auxiliary verb will.

However, because the first part is past tense, we cannot simply use the future tense.

Here we must make the future tense past. It's very simple. To do this, we put will in the past tense - would.

The action that comes after would remains in initial form, that is, it does not change at all.

……he would be late.
…..he will be late.

…..she would work.
…..it will work.

Now let's connect our two parts. The sentence formation scheme will be as follows:

Actor + said/thought/told + (that) + actor + would + action

IN writing to connect two parts of a sentence, we often use the word that, which translates to "what". But in colloquial speech we usually omit that.

She said(that) she would come back.
She said (that) she would come back.

He thought(that) he would win.
He thought (that) he would win.

They hoped(that) they would buy the tickets.
They hoped (that) they would buy tickets.

Negation in the form of Future Simple in the Past

We can make a sentence negative by adding a negation to the first or second part.

Denial in the first part

Since in the first part it is used Time Past Simple, then the negation is formed using the auxiliary verb of this tense did and negative particle not.

They are usually abbreviated like this:

did + not = didn’t

In this case, the action itself will now be in its initial form, that is, it will not change in any way (say, tell, hope).

Scheme for the formation of such a sentence:

Actor + didn't + say/think/tell + (that) + actor + would + action

He didn't say (that) he would come.
He didn't say he would come.

She didn't hope (that) she would pass an exam.
She didn't expect her to pass the exam.

Denial in the second part

To make the second part negative, we need after would put not.

We can shorten:

would + not = wouldn't

Actor + said/thought/told + actor + would + not + action

Interrogative sentences in the form Future Simple in the Past

When we ask a question, all changes occur in the first part. We put auxiliary past verb Simple (did) is in the first place in the sentence, and action is in the initial form.

The proposal outline will be as follows:

Did + actor + say/think/tell + (that) + actor + would + action?

Did they think (that) she would get this job?
Did they think (that) she would get the job?

Did she say (that) she would return next week?
She said (that) she would be back next week?

So, we've covered the theory, now let's put it into practice.

Exercise to reinforce the topic Future Simple in the past

Translate these sentences into English and write them in the comments under the article:

1. He said he would meet me.
2. They thought that they would not fly by plane.
3. She didn't know that he would be late.
4. Did they think that she would come?
5. He said that he would work.
6. We believed that we would make the right choice.

Leave your answers in the comments below the article.

You and I said that in complex sentences main part dictates its own rules for the subordinate clause. This happens when the main one is in the past tense. Be sure to read it to understand what we are talking about.

Let me just remind you briefly: if the main clause is in the past tense, then the verb in the subordinate clause is put in the past tense. Therefore the Russian sentence:

Converts to English:

Would is the past tense form of the verb will.

Future in the Past in English: rule

This is Future in the Past: future time perceived from the past. We said that this construction is often used when we convey the words of another person. Accordingly, the moment when the words were spoken will be in the past.

Remember that Future in the Past is not just another “another” verb tense (otherwise you might end up hating English!). This is just one of the forms of the future tense. Now you will be convinced of this.

How is Future in the Past formed in English?

Future in the Past is formed in the same way as any of the future tense forms in English. There are four of these forms: Simple, Continuous, Perfect and Perfect Continuous. Only one part is subject to change: will becomes would(or should, which historically is the past tense form for shall). Short version - ‘d.

I knew you’d come, spring! – I knew you would come, spring!

Examples with translation for Future in the Past

1. Future Simple in the Past. From the name it follows that it is formed from and denotes a simple action in the future, perceived from the past:

The snow will melt. => I knew the snow would melt.

The simple tense is the most commonly used. When talking about Future in the Past, we usually mean the Simple form. But there are other forms that originate from the three remaining forms: Continuous, Perfect and Perfect Continuous. They are used less often, but we cannot help but talk about all the pitfalls.

2. Future Continuous in the Past. Derived from and denotes a process that will continue at a certain point in the future. Of course, also perceived from the past.

I will be cycling at noon. => He said he would be cycling at noon.

3. Future Perfect in the Past. Derived from the Future Perfect and denotes an action that will be completed by a certain point in the future, perceived from the past.

I will have got a driver's license by June. => I knew I would have got a driver's license by June.

Using the same principle, the Perfect Continuous Future in the Past can be formed. But it is used so rarely that we will not clutter your head with this form.

Future in the Past in English: table

Let's systematize all the forms in a small table.
⠀

Future in the Past Passive: passive voice in English

Future in The Past can also accept passive forms. Let me remind you that the passive voice is used when the person or thing on which the action is performed is more important to us, and not the one who performed the action.

We will be heard. – We will be heard (we don’t know who exactly will hear, and it doesn’t matter, the action is performed ABOVE us).

And for passive voice the same rule applies Education Future in the Past: will becomes would.

I knew we would be heard. “I knew they would hear us.”

Let's summarize: Future in the Past in simple words

• If the verb in the main clause is in the past tense, then the verb in the subordinate clause must be in one of the past tenses.
• For the future tense it will be the construction Future in the Past.
• It is formed very simply: verb will is replaced by would (or should). The shortened form is ‘d.

Exercises on Future in the Past

And after a few “approaches” you will use this design automatically.

In English, unlike Russian, there is another form of tense - “future in the past”, which is called ‘Future in the Past’. This form is intended to describe a future action at a specific point in the past.

He said that he would apologize for being late.

He said he would apologize for being late.

Note that Future time in the Past is used only in subordinate clauses after such verbs as: think, believe, know, say, hope, tell and others. It is important that to form this form, verbs are put in the past tense form.

Let's look at examples of all forms of using the form Future in the Past according to the tense forms of the future tense.

TABLE OF TIME GROUPS FOR FORMFUTURE IN THE PAST

Please note that all forms of Future in the Past are formed using the auxiliary verb ‘ would’. The negative form is used by adding to auxiliary verb negative particle ‘ not’, which has the form ‘ wouldn't’ t’.

1. I am afraid I shall be late.
2. Do you think we shall pick all the apples in three days?
3. He hopes you will often visit him.
4. They expect he will be at home in a few days.
5. Are you afraid we shan’t be in time?
6. She promises that she will finish the work in a week.
7. I think Henry will help us.
8. I hope we'll enjoy the show.
9. She expects he'll win the race.

Answers: 1. I was afraid I should be late. 2. Did you think we should pick all the apples in three days? 3. He hoped you would often visit him. 4. They expected he would be at home in a few days. 5. Were you afraid we shouldn’t be in time? 6. She promised that she would finish the work in a week. 7. I thought Henry would help us. 8. I hoped we should enjoy the show. 9. She expected he would win the race.

Exercise 2. Open the brackets using verbs in the Future Simple or Future-in-the-Past Simple.

1. I know we (not to be) late.
2. I knew we (not to be) late.
3. I want to know whether he (to be) at home.
4. I wanted to know whether he (to be) at home.
5. "When are you (to be) ready?" he asked.
6. He asked when I (to be) ready.
7. I can’t say whether Bob (to do) the work perfectly, but he (to do) his best.
8. He asked me whether he (to see) Olga there.
9. Are you sure that we (to have) time to do that?
10. I was afraid he (to say), “I don’t think I (to be) able to come.”
11. I did not know what he (to speak) about.
12. I knew your aunt (to bake) special cookies for all her nieces and nephews.

Answers: we shall not be. 2. We shouldn't be. 3. He will not be. 4. He would be. 5. When will you be. 6. I should be. 7. Bob will do, he will do. 8. He would see. 9. We shall have. 10. He would say, I shall be. 11. He would speak. 12. Your aunt would bake.

Exercise 3. Use the following sentences as additional clauses. Use the sentences given in parentheses as main clauses.

(I supposed; He believed; She was sure; We were told; I heard; She said; He understood; She imagined; The letter said.)

E.g. My brother will be sleeping.

I supposed that my brother would be sleeping.

1. He will solve the problem in no time.
2. The new film will be on in many cinemas.
3. The teacher will have corrected our papers by the beginning of the lesson.
4. She will not like this TV programme.
5. The train will arrive on time.
6. The children will be playing in the yard.
7. All the new spapers will publish this information.
8. They will win the game.
9. I shall go to the south.
10. My sister will not forget to ring me up.
11. I shall have done my homework by nine o’clock.
12. The tourists will not return by sunset.
13. My friends will be waiting for me.
14. My friend will have returned by that time.
15. They will be working the whole evening.
16. He will return this book to the library immediately.

Answers: 1. She imagined that he would solve the problem in no time. 2. I heard that the new film would be on in many cinemas. 3. We were told that the teacher would have corrected our papers by the beginning of the lesson. 4. She imagined that she would not like this TV programme. 5. He believed that the train would arrive on time. 6. She said that the children would be playing in the yard. 7. She was sure that all the newspapers would publish this information. 8. I supposed that they would win the game. 9. He believed that I should go to the south. 10. She was sure that my sister would not forget to ring me up. 11. I supposed that I should have done my work by nine o’clock. 12. We were told that the tourists would not return by sunset. 13. The letter said that my friends would be waiting for me. 14. I supposed that my friend would have returned by that time. 15. He understood that they would be working the whole evening. 16. She was sure that he would return this book to the library immediately.

Exercise 4. Translate into English, paying attention to the tense of the verb in the main sentence.

1. I know he will come soon.
2. I knew he would come soon.
3. I think she will be sleeping at this time.
4. I thought she would be sleeping at this time.
5. She thinks that she will have done all the work by five o'clock.
6. She thought that she would have done all the work by five o'clock.
7. I was sure that by ten o'clock he would have learned the poem.
8. I knew that by nine o’clock my mother would have prepared dinner and at nine o’clock the whole family would be sitting at the table. I was afraid that I would arrive too late.
9. She was afraid that her friend would not come.
10. They wrote that they would arrive soon.
11. I was sure that I would meet him at the station.
12. I think dad will write us a letter soon.
13. Did they tell you that we will be writing a test in December?
14. He realized that he would never forget her.
15. I believe they will remember us.
16. He says he knows this man.

Answers: 1. I know that he will come soon. 2. I knew that he would come soon. 3. I think that she will be sleeping at this time. 4. I thought that she would be sleeping at that time. 5. She thinks that she will have done all the work by five o’clock. 6. She thought that she would have done all the work by five o’clock. 7. I was sure that by ten o’clock he would have learned the poem. 8. I knew that by nine o’clock mother would have cooked supper and at nine o’clock the whole family would be sitting at the table. I was afraid that I should come too late. 9. She was afraid that her friend would not come. 10. They wrote that they would come soon. 11. I was sure that I should meet him at the station. 12. I think that father will soon write a letter to us. 13. Have you been told that in December we shall write a paper? 14. He understood that he would never forget her. 15. I believe that they will remember us. 16. He says he knows this man.

WELL DONE!

Literature:

1. Golitsynsky Yu.B. Grammar: Collection of exercises. - 5th ed., - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2005. - 544 p. - (English for schoolchildren).

Conditional sentences in English. Exercises The Future Simple Tense (Future simple tense). Use and education of time