Greetings. Greetings Russian Estonian phrasebook

Where to start a dialogue in any language? Of course, with greetings and introductions. Greetings are the simplest words in any foreign speech, since they occur every day and several times, and any dialogue begins with them.

The simplest and most universal greetings in Estonian the word for “greeting” is tervitamine in Estonian for all occasions - Tere!

It also means “hello!” and “hello!”, being both a simple form and a polite one. The second variation of this word is tervist!

Tervist is translated similarly to tere, but is more suitable when addressed as “you”, something like the Russian “hello”.

• « Greetings by time of day If you want to say hello and wish your interlocutor a good day/morning/evening, etc., then the forms of greeting are as follows: Good morning Usually this is from dawn until 12 o'clock " = tere hommikust;
• « From the word hommik - “morning” Good morning Good afternoon " = tere from noon until dark;
• « päevast päev - “day” Good morning Good evening starts around dusk ohtust.

from the word

õhtu - “evening”
You can also respond to a greeting like Tere õhtust with one word õhtust:

- Tere õhtust!

- Ohtust!
How to say goodbye in Estonian? There are two simplest and most common phrases that end a conversation in Estonian: head aega (“goodbye”, literally - “ good hea - good» ),
time

aeg - time

• kõike head (“all the best”, from the word kõik - “everything”).
• Slightly less commonly used:
• nägemiseni - “goodbye” (from the verb nägema - “to see”);
• nägemist - “for now” (a simpler form of nägemiseni, similar to tere/tervist, suitable when communicating on “you”);
• kohtumiseni - “see you” (from the verb kohtuma - “to meet”);
• head päeva - “have a good day”;

head õhtut - “have a good evening”;

head ööd - “good night”, “good night” (öö - “night”). Estonian youth often use the word “ciao” - tšau. When translated into Russian, this also means “for now.” It is not used in official addresses and in official speech. To other words goodbyes

• The word "Farewell" in Estonian is Hürastijätt
• (depending on the specific situation) in Estonian include the following:
• kuulmiseni - “before contact”, “we will hear”;
• homseni - “see you tomorrow”; ülehomseni - “until the day after tomorrow”; esmaspäevani
• esmaspäev - Monday - "till Monday"; teisipäevani
• teisipäev - Tuesday kolmapäev - Wednesday- "till Wednesday";
• neljapäevani neljapäev - Thursday- "till Thursday";
• reedeni reede - Friday- "till Friday";
• laupäevani laupäev - Saturday- "till Saturday";
• pühapäevani pühapäev - Sunday- "until Sunday";
• nadalavahetuseni nädalavahetus - weekend- "untill weekend".

Language in Estonia

When asked which language is the most common in Estonia, answer directly. This is Estonian. True, it has several forms. The official language in Estonia is divided into two dialects. These are North Estonian and South Estonian. In the south of the country, the Seto dialect is also common. Although the official language of Estonia is literary Estonian, in the southern regions local residents use traditional dialects to communicate. Representatives of the Seto people also live in Russia, in the Pskov region.

In addition, the native language of Estonia for many residents of the country is Russian. At the end of the 19th century, they even taught in Russian at the University of Tartu. Today Russian is represented in the country almost as a second official language. Although the state does not give it such status, this Estonian language is very common in everyday life.

German is also spoken in the country. True, today this language of Estonia is not so widely represented. In the 20th century, the number of Baltic Germans emigrating to their homeland increased greatly. Therefore, today German is used in communication only in certain areas.

The modern Estonian alphabet is represented by Latin letters.

Russian-Estonian phrasebook: how to communicate in an unfamiliar country. Popular phrases and expressions for travelers.

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The Estonian language belongs to the Baltic-Finnish branch of the Finno-Ugric family and is the official language of Estonia and the European Union. The Old Estonian language was formed in the 12th and 13th centuries as a result of the convergence of two or three dialects, which began to separate from other Baltic-Finnish dialects. The oldest known texts in Estonian date back to the 1520s. The creation of modern literary Estonian language dates back to the 19th century.

Most Estonian words are of Finno-Ugric origin, but there are also loanwords from Germanic and Baltic languages. Examples of Russianisms: aken - window, jaam (from yam) - station, train station, kiiver (from kiver) - helmet, lusikas - spoon, niit - thread, nädal - week, pagan (from pogan) - pagan, goblin, raamat (from gramata) - book, rist - cross, sirp - sickle, turg (from Old Russian targ) - market, varblane - sparrow, värav - gate, värten - spindle, reel.

Estonian language: first words