Yulia Amrakhova
Abstract of GCD "Solar System"
Program content:
a) educational:
repeat knowledge about the constituent parts of outer space;
b) developing:
develop curiosity, fantasy, imagination; fine motor skills of hands;
c) raising:
cultivate interest in the desire to learn more about space and the universe.
Vocabulary work:
Universe, space, comet, galaxy.
Materials:
illustrations, background from sheets of black cardboard, cardboard models of planets, oilcloth, glue, napkins of different colors,.
Preliminary work:
Conversation about space;
Reading stories and poems about space;
Riddles about space;
Introduction to the encyclopedia for the curious “All about Space”;
Memorizing poems;
Learning songs in music class;
Exhibition of crafts and drawings on the theme “Space”.
Progress of the lesson:
The teacher asks riddles.
Good, good, for everyone
looks, but does not command himself. (Sun)
You warm the whole world
You don't know fatigue
Smiling at the window
And everyone is calling you.
Right, sun? What is it like? (round, warm, hot).
Where is the Sun? (in space, in the sky).
Now guess another riddle:
"Black carpet
Strewn with peas. " (stars.)
When can we see the stars?
Where are they located?
Why do you think they seem small?
What else is there in space? (meteorites, meteors, comets.)
What do we call the Sun and all the planets that revolve around it? (Solar system).
The SUN is the brightest and largest star, the center of the solar system. Nine planets revolve around the sun and receive light and heat from it. They are located in the following order from the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto.
Self-massage with massage balls
Let's each take a small ball and roll it in our hands.
The sun is rolling across the sky
Like a yellow ball.
Everyone, everyone, everyone is happy about the sun,
Only the icicle cries.
Guys, let's remember what planets are in the solar system. (showing images of planets)
There lived an astrologer on the moon.
He kept records of the planets:
One - Mercury,
Two - Venus,
Three - Earth,
Four - Mars
Five - Jupiter,
Six - Saturn,
Seven - Uranus,
Educator: Are the planets the same or different? What is the difference? How are they similar?
Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun,
It is flooded with rays of hot light
He gets so many rays
That this other planet is hot.
Educator: Mercury is smaller than our planet, its surface is rocky, there is no atmosphere here. Do you think there is life on this planet? (Children's answers)
Educator:
In honor of the goddess of beauty
You are named Venus,
You're flying in the clouds
You illuminate with beauty.
Venus has no air or water and can be seen in the night sky. Is there life on this planet? (Children's answers) Why? The heat here is sizzling. It's so hot there that you can bake a pie in a few seconds without an oven. Venus is the brightest planet in the sky.
Educator:
There is one planet - a garden
In this cold space
Only here the forests are noisy,
Calling migratory birds.
It's the only one they bloom on
Lilies of the valley in the green grass,
And dragonflies are only here
They look into the river in surprise...
Can you guess what planet this is? This planet has water, land, an atmosphere, animals and birds live on it, trees grow, flowers bloom, people live. The Earth has its own satellite - the Moon.
The Moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth. The second brightest object in the earth's sky after the Sun. There is no atmosphere, so people cannot breathe on the Moon. The word "moon" means "bright". In ancient times, people considered the Moon a goddess - the patroness of the night.
Educator:
I am Mars.
They're circling over the red planet
Kamenyuki, Fear and horror
There is no mountain anywhere in the world
Higher than here on the planet.
There is no life on Mars.
Educator:
Jupiter is larger than all the planets
But there is no life on the planet.
Liquid hydrogen everywhere
And bitter cold all year round.
It is the largest planet in the solar system. It is so big that all the other planets could fit inside it. Jupiter is a giant ball consisting of liquid and gas.
Educator:
You will certainly recognize Saturn by sight,
A large ring surrounds it.
Once upon a time the water froze there,
And Saturn's rings of snow and ice.
Guys, do you think someone could exist on these two planets? (Children's answers). Why? (It's very cold here) Saturn is a large ball made of liquid and gas. The planet is known for its magnificent rings. Each of Saturn's rings is made up of gases, ice particles, rocks and sand.
Educator:
I already, what century
Among the Roman brothers is a Greek,
And through space melancholy
I rush, lying on my side.
This is the planet Uranus. The only planet in the solar system that revolves around the sun, as if lying on its side. It is called the "lying planet". The temperature on the surface of Uranus, a gas giant planet, is very low and ranges from -208 to -212 degrees Celsius.
Children, is there life on this planet? (Children's answers)
And why? (Children's answers)
Educator:
I am Neptune.
On the planet blue-blue
The wind is blowing very strong
The year on it is very long -
Winter lasts 40 years.
The strongest winds in the solar system blow on the surface of the planet, reaching speeds of over 2000 km/h, which is 2 times faster than the speed of a jet airliner.
Educator:
I am Pluto.
It takes 5 hours for the light
Fly to this planet
And that's why I
Not visible through telescopes.
We know very little about Pluto, since no automatic probes have been sent to it.
Educator: No one lives on these planets farthest from the sun either, they are lifeless.
And now we will go on a journey on a rocket.
Physical exercise "Rocket"
And now we are with you, children,
We're flying away on a rocket.
Get up on your toes,
And then hands down.
One, two (stand on toes, arms up, palms forming a “rocket dome”)
Three, four – (main stance)
Here's a rocket flying up.
Let's see what else is in space besides planets. (Show illustration)
There are also asteroids and comets in the solar system.
An asteroid is a small planet-like celestial body moving in orbit around the Sun.
A comet is a small celestial body that has a hazy appearance. It consists of rocks, ice and dust. When a comet approaches the Sun, it develops a glowing tail.
Who can tell me the name of the first cosmonaut?
Children's answers.
An astronaut must lead a healthy lifestyle and exercise in the morning. Today we will find out whether we are ready to become astronauts.
“Get ready to exercise!”
Hands to the sides shoulder-width apart. The right hand makes circles in the air. The left hand makes exactly the same circles, but in the opposite direction.
The right hand moves up. The left hand makes circles.
The right hand makes triangles in the air. Left hand - circles.
The right hand makes circles. Left hand triangles. The leg draws a square on the floor.
Attention! Take your seats. Buckle up, let's count down 5-4-3-2-1-start! Close your eyes, now we are flying at great speed, your arms, legs, and head are very heavy. Tense yourself, feel this heaviness. But now we have escaped from the gravity of the earth, open your eyes, we are in a state of weightlessness - let's experience this state.
We're floating in zero gravity
We're right at the ceiling
(Standing on one leg, maintain balance, helping with your hands).
Educator: Now I see that you have become strong and agile and are ready to model our solar system.
The teacher invites the children to divide into teams, distributes circles of cardboard to the teams, and the children use napkins to cover the cardboard, giving them the appearance of planets.
Each planet is then placed on the background, arranging the planets in a specific order.
Lesson Analysis:
Look what a great job it turned out to be. What did you depict?
Planets, comets, stars...
Lesson summary:
Did you enjoy your trip to outer space? What interesting things did you learn? What did you like most? This is the end of the lesson, well done.
When creating the summary, the following Internet resources were used:
http://csdbf7.narod.ru/index.files/page0009.htm
http://www.ivalex.vistcom.ru/zanatia151.htm
http://doshvozrast.ru/konspekt/komplex26.htm
Direction:“Cognitive - speech development”
Educational areas: (cognition, physical education, health, socialization, work)
Progress of the lesson:
1 hour Children are sitting at tables.
Playback: Now I’ll tell you a riddle, and you try to guess it.
Mystery:
Through the dark sky
The peas are scattered
Colored caramel
From sugar crumbs.
And only then
When the morning comes
Whole caramel
It will disappear and melt away.
Children: Stars.
Playback: Well done. Right.
The teacher shows a map of the starry sky.
Playback: Children, what do you think this is? (shows map)
Children: Night star map.
Playback: Look how many stars there are, try to count them and you will immediately get confused. Where are the stars?
Children: In the Universe, in space, in the Galaxy, in outer space.
Playback: Who knows what the Galaxy is?
Children: This is a huge cluster of stars. Our Galaxy is called the Milky Way.
Playback: Who can say what stars are?
Children: Stars are large balls of gas and dust.
Playback: Right. The Universe is infinite, some stars are large, they are closer to us, others are small, barely noticeable, very far from us, and therefore seem very small. No one on Earth yet knows whether there is life on the Stars. But it’s still interesting to look at the starry sky, to watch the falling stars.
In fact, the Star is a huge ball of gas. It is born from gas and dust, and fades away when the fuel runs out. What names of stars and constellations do you
Children: Constellation Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Polaris, Andromeda.
Playback: Well done. We talked about the stars, and now. Let's talk about the Sun.
(attaches the sun to the magnetic board)
2h. Playback: What do you think the Sun is?
Children: - The sun is a big star.
The sun is a huge hot ball, it is impossible to get close to it, it melts and burns everything.
The Sun is much closer to our planet than other stars, so it looks big and round.
It’s hard to look at the Sun, it’s very bright, sparkling, it gives off a lot of heat and light.
Playback: Well done. You know a lot about the Sun. Now look at this map (shows a map of the Solar System).
This is the Sun and its planets. Each planet moves around the sun in its own orbit.
Tell me, how many planets revolve around the star Sun?
Children: Nine.
Playback: What planets do you know?
Children: Mercury, Earth, Saturn.
Playback: Which planet is closest to the sun?
Children: Mercury.
Playback: What is the location of planet Earth?
Children: Third from the Sun.
Playback: Which planet is considered the most beautiful?
Children: Saturn.
Playback: Well done.
3h. Playback: Now let's try to create our own Solar System (attach the Sun to the magnetic board).
What is the closest planet from the Sun?
Children: answer:
1 child: Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun. It's very, very hot on this planet.
Playback: What's the next planet?
2 children: Venus has a dense shell on this planet that retains heat. For people it is a very hot planet.
(attaches the planet to the board)
Playback: Fine. What's the next planet?
3 children: The earth is our home. The only planet on which life exists.
(attaches the planet to the board)
Playback: Great. Which planet will be next?
4 children: Mars is a red planet. Mars is cold, dry and rocky.
(attaches the planet to its orbit)
Playback: What can you say about the next planet?
5 children: Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. Consists of liquid, gas and metal.
(attaches the planet to the board)
Playback: Who can name the next planet?
6 children: Saturn is easily recognized by its luminous rings. The most beautiful and extraordinary planet.
(attaches his planet to the board)
Playback: Which planet will be next?
7 children: Uranus is an ice giant that is made of gas. A very heavy planet, heavier than the Earth, it does not have a solid shell.
(attaches to the board)
Playback: Fine. What about the next planet?
8 children: Neptune - this planet is similar to a stormy sea, but only a gas one with a turbulent atmosphere.
(attaches the planet to the board)
Playback: Well, and the last planet?
9 children: Pluto is a planet that was discovered quite recently. This is a small frozen ball called a dwarf planet - located farthest from the sun.
(attaches to the board)
Playback: Well done. So we created our own model of the Solar System and its planets. How beautiful it turned out for us.
4h. Physical education minute.
Playback: Now let's rest a little and do some exercises.
Guys, stand next to your desks. Let's start.
Children: perform charging:
In order– right hand up,
All planets– left hand up,
Anyone can name– right hand visa,
From U.S- left hand down,
Once– Mercury– right hand on the belt,
Two - Venus- left hand on the belt,
Three - Earth- right hand on the shoulder,
Four – Mars- left hand on the shoulder,
Five - Jupiter– right hand up,
Six – Saturn– left hand up,
Seven – Uranus- right hand on the shoulder,
Behind him is Neptune- left hand on the shoulder,
He's eighth– right hand on the belt,
Counting on- left hand on the belt,
And behind him– right hand down,
Only later- left hand down,
And the ninth planet– march in place,
Called Pluto- They march in place.
Playback: Well done. We take our places.
Children: They sit down at the tables.
5h. Playback: Today we talked a lot about the Sun, and we will try to make a Sundial to observe changes in the movement of the Sun. For this we will need cardboard, a pencil and scissors.
Playback: Shows progress:
|
Teacher's action |
Children's action |
|
Cut out an even circle from cardboard. |
cut out |
|
Mark the center with a pencil and pierce it. |
They are planning Pierce |
|
Insert a pencil into the middle. |
Insert a pencil |
Playback: The clock is ready. With their help, we will observe the change in the position of the sun; the shadow cast by all objects sanctified by the sun will help us with this.
Experiment:
The teacher shines a lamp (the sun) on the pencil, a shadow is reflected from it. Mark with a pencil on the circle. The sun moves - the shadow appears in a different place. This is how you can watch the movement of the sun.
Children: They put the clock on the table and do the work.
Playback: And now Varya will read us the poem “Earth.”
Varya:
Let's love the planet
There is no other like it in the world.
Let's scatter clouds and smoke over it,
We won’t let anyone offend her.
The teacher summarizes:
Playback: Well done. Today I liked the way you studied and answered the questions correctly. You know a lot about the Sun and its planets.
I want to award you medals so that you remember our interesting and educational lesson.
(hands out medals)
Playback: Children, what did you like most about our lesson?
You already know that planet Earth revolves around a fiery star - the Sun. But besides the Earth, eight other planets revolve around it. All together they make up the solar system.
♦ Do you know the names of the planets in the solar system?
The planets and the Sun resemble a friendly family.
The head of this family is the Sun! Among the planets there are large and small. Some of them are closer to the Sun, others are further from it. Each of the planets rotates in its own orbit. Neither planet ever collides with another or leaves the solar system.
♦ Remember how planets differ from stars.
Stars consist only of hot gases, but planets can contain both liquids and solid particles... In addition, the planets themselves do not glow, they are illuminated by the star.
Let's talk about each planet orbiting the Sun.
The planet closest to the Sun is Mercury. It is smaller in size than the Earth and has a hard, rocky surface. Mercury is in many ways similar to the Earth's satellite, the Moon. Mercury has no atmosphere that could protect it from meteorite impacts and the scorching rays of the sun.
♦ Do you think it’s cold or hot on Mercury?
It's very hot on this planet! After all, Mercury is closest to the hot Sun.
He hurries after the Sun, as if he is afraid to fall behind him. During an Earth year, this planet manages to circle the Sun four times.
The ancient Greeks said that those “who need to hurry somewhere, let them learn from Mercury” (P.V. Klushantsev).
In ancient times, Mercury was considered the patron of travelers and traders.
Mercury
Mercury is the planet closest to the Sun,
It is flooded with rays of hot light,
He gets so many rays
That this other planet is hot!
Mercury runs so fast in its orbit,
As if he was in a hurry: “Catch up with me!”
The second planet from the Sun is Venus. For us earthlings, it is visible in the heavens, like a distant but bright flashlight.
Venus is sometimes called the Morning or Evening Star, because at different times of the year it appears in the sky, either at dawn or in early twilight, when the stars are not yet visible.
Venus glows on the heavenly dark blue velvet, like a crystal of rock crystal, and seems amazingly beautiful! That's why they named her in honor of the goddess of beauty - Venus.
In ancient times, people created many legends dedicated to this planet. One of them tells how the young Queen Venus rushes across the sky in a chariot drawn by three snow-white golden-maned horses.
In a silver chariot
The queen is flying in the sky.
Her appearance is youthful and tender.
Her horses are snow-white,
And winged and beautiful,
Golden-eyed, golden-maned...
The surface of Venus is rocky. This planet has an atmosphere, but it consists of carbon dioxide, which neither humans nor animals can breathe.
Venus is surrounded by thick clouds. There is practically no water on it.
Venus
In honor of the goddess of beauty
Named, Venus, you!
You shine in the dark skies,
You gift us with beauty.
Our Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It created favorable conditions for the life of plants, animals and people.
♦ Remember and talk about the conditions that are necessary for the emergence and maintenance of life on the planet.
Earth is a medium-sized planet. This is important, because if the planet is very small, then it will not have enough gravitational force to retain its atmosphere. The Earth is not too far, but not very close from the Sun.
♦ Explain why this is important.
When a planet is located far from the Sun, it receives little solar heat and light. On such a planet it is cold and dark. And if the planet is too close to our star, it burns it with its hot rays.
The path of Mercury and Venus passes close to the Sun, and it is too hot on these planets! On the contrary, on planets distant from the sun, such as Jupiter and Saturn, eternal cold reigns.
The temperature on Earth is favorable for life.
♦ Do you remember why the Earth is called the “blue planet”?
The atmosphere, which envelops the Earth in a bluish haze, has breathable air and protects the planet from overheating, cooling, and meteorite impacts.
In addition, a significant part of the surface of our planet is occupied by bodies of water. And water is necessary for all living organisms.
Earth is the planet of life
The third planet from the Sun,
Our Earth is smaller than a star.
But she has enough warmth and light,
Clean air and water.
Isn't life on Earth a miracle?
Butterflies, birds, a bug on a flower...
You will find life on Earth everywhere -
In the most distant, remote corner!
The Earth has a satellite - the Moon.
Mars is the fourth planet of the solar system. It is half the size of the Earth. A year on Mars lasts twice as long as on Earth. This planet has an atmosphere, but it consists mainly of carbon dioxide with small amounts of water vapor.
If you look closely at the night sky, you will notice that Mars differs from other planets in its reddish glow.
Therefore, it is often called the “Red Planet”.
Scientists have been able to establish that the solid surface of Mars is covered with orange-red soil.
Mars got its name in honor of the god of war. Perhaps this is due to the fact that, looking at the red planet, people involuntarily remembered wars and associated fires and disasters.
The commanders considered Mars their patron and hoped for his help in battles.
Mars
Mars is a mysterious planet.
It is slightly larger than the moon,
Because of the blood red color
The planet was named after the god of war.
The fifth planet from the Sun is Jupiter. This huge ball of liquid hydrogen is 11 times larger than the Earth.
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system!
Jupiter
Jupiter is the largest of all the planets,
But there is no land on the planet.
Liquid hydrogen everywhere
And bitter cold all year round!
♦ Why do you think it’s cold on Jupiter?
Jupiter gets a little heat from the Sun and therefore eternal winter reigns there.
Jupiter has four moons that orbit around it.
The sixth planet from the Sun is Saturn. It is located far from the Sun and therefore its surface temperature is low. Saturn is made of gases. Astronomers*** observing Saturn through a telescope note its beauty. This planet is painted a bright yellow-orange color and is surrounded by amazing rings consisting of ice blocks and rocks.
Saturn
Saturn is a beautiful planet
Yellow-orange color,
And rings of stones and ice
She is always surrounded.
Uranus is located after Saturn. It is the only planet that rotates on its side. Such a couch potato! Therefore, first one side of it, then the other, is turned towards the Sun. Each hemisphere is illuminated by the Sun for exactly 40 years, and then night reigns there for 40 years.
The atmosphere of Uranus is a cold fog.
Uranus
Uranus is a couch potato and is too lazy to get up,
The planet cannot rise,
The fortieth anniversary lasts a day there
And the fortieth anniversary is night.
Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun. It appears dark blue because it is surrounded by methane gas. Through telescopes, astronomers notice ragged white clouds above Neptune.
Neptune
The planet Neptune is far from Earth,
It's not easy to see her through a telescope,
The eighth planet from the Sun,
An icy winter reigns here forever.
Neptune is indeed so far from us that its position was first predicted by mathematicians, and only then discovered by astronomers.
Pluto is the most distant planet from the Sun. Scientists speculated about its existence, but discovered this planet only in 1930. Pluto is a dwarf planet, smaller than the Moon. It is poorly illuminated by the Sun, making it very difficult to study.
Pluto has a satellite - Charon. It consists of rocks and ice.
Pluto is the coldest planet in the solar system.
♦ Why do you think?
Pluto
Distant Pluto rushes through space,
It is barely illuminated by the sun's rays.
And so that he doesn’t get bored alone,
A satellite flies with him under the name Charon.
Dear guys, now you know what different planets are part of the solar system. And yet these planets have something in common.
♦ Think and tell me how all the planets of the solar system are similar?
Right! All planets are spherical and all revolve around the Sun.
Questions for consolidation
♦ How many planets are there in the solar system?
♦ What is the name of the planet closest to the Sun?
♦ Which planet is farthest from the Sun?
♦ Which planet is the smallest?
♦ Which planet is the largest?
♦ Which planet is called either the Morning Star or the Evening Star?
Purpose: To introduce the names of the planets of the solar system
Tasks :
Enrich the vocabulary (orbit, names of planets);
Develop logical thinking and imagination;
To develop interest in phenomena that go beyond the life experience of children.
Material:
1. Scheme “Solar System”, nine ellipses laid out on half-woolen threads or drawn with chalk; breastplates denoting the planets of the solar system and the Sun; balloons and markers; plastic ball; plastic bucket with a rope tied to the handle.
Progress of the lesson:
Educator: You all know how to listen carefully and answer questions, you love to learn new and interesting things. Today I will tell you a few secrets of space. But first, guess the riddle:
Someone in the morning slowly
Inflates a yellow balloon.
And how will he let it slip out of his hands?
It will suddenly become light all around. (Sun)
Yes, this is the Sun! What is the Sun? What is it like? (The Sun is a huge hot ball. It emits heat and light, gives life to people, plants, animals. But there is no life on the Sun itself, it is very hot there). But the Sun is not alone, he has a family. Only these are not mom and dad, not sons and daughters. These are planets. Do you want me to tell you a secret and tell you what kind of planets are in the Sun family?
Each planet has a name, just like you and me. Watch, listen and remember carefully.
(The teacher reads a poem and puts images of the Sun and planets of the solar system on the diagram.)
Let's outline the topic of conversation:
The planets around the Sun are dancing like children.
Mercury starts the whole round dance.
We meet the Earth next to the Moon
And the fiery Mars that circles behind the Earth.
Behind them is Jupiter, of all, the Giant.
The last three are barely distinguishable,
Small and cold, but we can distinguish them:
Uranus, Neptune and little Pluto.
How many planets are there in the Sun's family? (Nine planets). The family of the Sun is called the Solar System. Let's repeat the names of the planets of the solar system. (The teacher pronounces the first syllable of the name of the planet, the children pronounce the remaining syllables).
Warm up. At the teacher’s signal “One, two, three – run!” children move to the music: run, jump. As soon as the music stops, they freeze. The teacher takes turns touching the children and asking them questions: What is your name? Who lives on Earth? Who flies into space? What do they use to fly into space? What is there in space? Name the planets of the solar system that you remember? etc. The yoke is repeated 3 times.
Ideal order reigns in the Sun's family: no one pushes, interferes with each other and does not offend each other. Each planet has its own path along which it runs around the Sun. The path along which the planet moves is called an orbit. Repeat, this is the word. Now, look carefully at the diagram of the Solar System. How many paths-orbits around the Sun?
(Children's answers).
Yes, as many as there are planets – nine.
Look carefully: are the orbital tracks all the same or have you noticed any differences? (They vary in length).
I wonder which planet makes its way around the Sun faster? To find out, run a competition:
We already have orbital paths (points to 9 ellipses laid out on the floor with woolen threads or drawn with chalk). We will select 2 athletes and mark the start and finish places on two tracks with asterisks. (Choose the middle paths. At the signal: “To the start! Attention! March!” the children walk along their paths. Find out who came first.)
Let's choose 2 more children and put them on the first and ninth tracks. (At the signal: “To the start! Attention! March!” the athletes walk along their paths.) Tell me, which of the four children came first, and who came last, and why?
(Children's answers) (The child who moved along the shortest path came to the finish line faster; the child who moved along the longest, ninth, path came last).
It’s the same with our planets: the planet with the shortest orbit, Mercury, moves the fastest around the Sun, and the planet with the longest orbit, Pluto, moves the longest. Let's make a solar system: put the planet's orbits on tracks.
(The teacher, together with the children, names the planets, indicates on which path each of them should stand. The children put on badges representing the planets, stand on their paths. A child with a badge representing the Sun stands in the center).
Let me remind you that the planets move strictly in their orbits and in one direction. Ready? Planets, let's go! (Accompanied by an audio recording of “cosmic” music, children move in a circle in the direction specified by the teacher).
Well done! Let's remember the names of the planets again. I will name them, and you, one by one, come up to me and line up. (Names the planets. Children complete the task, then take off their badges.)
I want to tell you one more secret. You know: if you throw an object up, it will fall because it is attracted by the Earth. But it turns out that the Sun also attracts planets to itself. This phenomenon is called solar attraction. Why don't planets fall into the Sun? I'll show you one trick. (You can involve a child in the experience)
Experience: The teacher puts a plastic ball in a bucket. He turns the bucket over and the ball falls. He rotates the bucket on a rope, gradually lifting it above his head - the ball does not fall out of the bucket. Leads children to the conclusion: when objects move very quickly in a circle, they do not fall. The same thing happens with the planets: while they rotate quickly around the Sun, they do not fall.
Let's come up with planets and populate them with inhabitants. (Children draw figures of people, animals, fantastic creatures, plants, buildings, vehicles, etc. on balloons with markers.)
You did a good job today - you got to know the planets of the solar system. The inhabitants of one of the planets have sent you a treat.
Samsonova Natalya Viktorovna – Teacher of the MKDOU “Kindergarten No. 16 of a combined type” Efremov, Tula region
Date of submission of work to the competition: 02/14/2017.
ABSTRACT
continuous educational activities in the educational field “Cognitive development” preparatory group for school
Topic: “A big star and its planets.”
Target: To clarify and systematize children’s acquired knowledge and basic ideas about the Sun and the Solar System.
Tasks:
- To consolidate knowledge about the planets, their sequential location from the Sun.
- Develop search and research activities: with the help of experience, determine the annual rotation of the planets around the Sun and why there is a change of day and night on Earth.
- Develop gross and fine motor skills.
- Activate children's vocabulary on the topic “Solar System”: planet, Sun, Solar system, orbit, names of planets.
- Develop coherent speech.
- Develop children's logical thinking and imagination.
- Promote the formation of communication skills.
- Cultivate interest in the Sun and Solar System.
- Enrich the emotional world of children with new impressions, improve their ability to work in a team.
Types of children's activities: cognitive-research, communicative, perception of fiction, gaming, productive, motor.
Materials: poster “Solar System”, a picture of the Sun, a parcel, a candle, a lantern, a light bulb, cut-out pictures of the Sun, a model of orbits on the floor made of ropes, a globe, a table lamp, white and red plasticine, hats and headbands with images of the planets of the Solar System , soft sun with ray laces. TSO audio recordings: E. Krylatov - Museum of the Institute of Time, Resurrection (Cosmic music).
Preliminary work. Observing the sun on a walk, reading the story “Where does the Sun spend the night?”, the encyclopedia “Why”, working with a globe and a world map, memorizing the memory rhyme “Planets of the Solar System”.
I. Children stand in a semicircle facing the guests.
Educator: Guys, welcome our guests (children say hello). Give them your good mood, smile.
Today an unusual package arrived at our kindergarten, containing these cards that looked like puzzles. Let's try to collect them and see what happens? (children collect puzzles to the music) Look, guys, what did we do? (That's right, the sun!)
Reading a poem about the sun.
The cloud is hiding behind the forest,
The sun is looking from the sky.
And so pure
Good, radiant.
If we could get him,
We would kiss him.
Look, there are other items in the parcel (I show the children a candle, a flashlight, a light bulb).
Educator: What is the relationship between these objects and the Sun? (That these objects, like the sun, are sources of light. But artificial.)
Educator: Name natural light sources (sun, moon, fire).
Educator: Right! What is the main light source? This is the Sun! How many of you know riddles and proverbs about the Sun! (Children name and determine that this is a riddle or a proverb)
Children: 1) A golden apple is rolling on a blue saucer.
2) A red girl walks across the sky.
3) We cry without him, but when he appears, we hide from him.
4) I’ll get up early, white and rosy,
Yes, when I let down my golden hair,
Let me go out to the mountain
Both man and beast will rejoice.
5) What is higher than the forest,
More beautiful than the world
It burns without fire.
6) He looks at the whole world, but does not order to look at himself.
7) Without me there will be no light,
There will be no summer without me.
In the morning I knock on the window:
Wake up, the sun is out!
8) You warm the whole world
You don't know fatigue
Smiling at the window
And everyone calls you... (sun).
Proverbs: The sun is warm, the mother is good.
You can’t look at the sun with all your eyes.
You can't block the sun, but you can't hide the truth.
The sun will rise, and so will the morning.
II. Conversation about the Sun.
Educator: What do you think the Sun is? What is it like?
Children: The Sun is a big, big, huge, very hot star that is far from us.
Educator : Why don't other stars warm our planet? (The stars are very far away and their light and heat do not reach the earth)
Educator: If we became wizards and found ourselves on some star, how do you think we would see the Sun? (We would see the Sun as a small twinkling star)
Educator: What is the sun really like? (This is a huge hot ball emitting heat and light) Therefore, the Sun forms the center of our system. (painting with the image of the Sun)
Educator: Is there life on the Sun? (There is no life on the Sun, since it is very hot there; but it gives us life: people, plants, animals)
Educator: The sun is not lonely, he has a family. Only these are not daughters and sons, but planets, satellites and other cosmic bodies that are very attached to the Sun. I want to tell everyone a fairy tale about the Sunny family.
In one heavenly house there lived a woman and she had eight children, whom the mother loved dearly; the children were terrible fidgets and mischief-makers. For example, the mother will call all the children for dinner, but only six will come running. Where are the other two? And let's look for them everywhere! He'll run around and cry until he finds it. And the children started playing and forgot that their mother was waiting. And so every day, and so in everything: first one, then the other will forget about mother’s order. The poor mother was tired and turned to the Sorceress Galaxy for help. The sorceress listened to her and decided that it was inappropriate to violate the heavenly order and declared that from now on, as punishment, eight naughty children would turn into balls and would always be near their mother, moving around her at different distances from one another. The furthest from the mother will be the most disobedient children, who will receive almost no warmth from her, and the closer ones will be the more obedient ones. Since then it has been like this! Eight planets walk in a circle near the mother sun and cannot escape from him.
Question: What is the family of the Sun called? (The family of the Sun is called the Solar System)
Educator: Why do you guys think?
Children's answers.
Educator: True, because the main thing is the Sun. Order reigns in the Sun's family: no one pushes, interferes with each other and does not offend each other. Each planet has its own path along which it runs around the Sun. What is the name of the path along which the planet moves? (Orbit) Now look carefully at the diagram of the solar system (examination of the diagram). How many paths-orbits around the Sun? (Children's answers)
Educator: Yes, the same number as there are planets – eight.
Look carefully: are the orbital tracks all the same or have you noticed any differences? (They vary in length)
What planets do you know?
III. Game "Solar System".
Educator: Let's imagine that we are planets of the solar system. Choose a planet of your choice (children choose hats that represent planets). The planets begin to move around the Sun to the music, as soon as the music ends, they take their places in the Solar System.
And now Lisa will recite a poem:
There is no air in outer space
And there are eight different planets circling there.
And the Sun is a star in the very center of the system,
And we are all connected by attraction.
The sun-star is a huge ball
The light radiates like a fire.
Well, the planets reflect that light,
They love the sunshine!
Educator : Now let’s check whether the planets have taken their places correctly.
Any of us can name all the planets in order:
One... Mercury (the child answers).
Two (teacher)… Venus (child answers).
Three...Earth,
Four... Mars.
Five...Jupiter,
Six... Saturn,
Seven... Uranus,
Behind him... Neptune.
Educator: He is the eighth in a row.
Children: Just now, what did you show? (That all planets revolve around the Sun.) The time during which they complete a full circle around the Sun is called... Correctly, “year”. The path around the Sun is different for all planets, why?
Educator: The closer a planet is to the Sun, the shorter its path around it; the further the planet is from the Sun, the longer its path will be.
Educator: On Earth, a year lasts who knows how many days (365) or how many months (12). During this time, different seasons occur. Name them. While the Earth rotates, the seasons change every 3 months. The Earth will complete a full circle around the Sun and a new year will begin.
Does the sun ever rest? What does it do at night?
Do you think the Sun moves? (children's assumptions) The sun does not move, it is in one place. But the Sun never rests. The sun is a perpetual motion machine, a worker: always shining, always warming. But our planet Earth does not stand still, it rotates all the time. And in turn he exposes the Sun to one side, then the other, then the third, then the fourth.IV
Educator: We need to find out what one revolution of the Earth around its axis is equal to. On Earth there is a change of day and night. To help you understand how day changes to night, let’s do the following experiment. To do this, we will need a model of the planet Earth - a globe and a table lamp and two pieces of plasticine - white and red. We will have a burning light bulb, the Sun, and plasticine will represent houses. We will attach these pieces, that is, “houses”, to opposite sides of our planet. So, half of the globe is illuminated, half is dark. It’s daytime in the white house, and night is in full swing in the red house, everyone is sleeping there. Let's turn the planet so that the white house disappears in the shadows and the red one appears in the light; morning has come here. What time of day is it in the white house? Evening. Our planet does not stand still, it constantly rotates around its axis, and now it has turned: in the red house the day is in full swing, but in the white one? Night. Let's turn our planet again. What do we see? What time of day is it in the red house? Evening. In the white house? Morning. This is how our planet Earth made one full revolution around its axis. Let's conclude: what is one rotation of the Earth around its axis? It's equal to a day, right. How many parts are there in a day? Four. Name (morning, afternoon, evening, night). What about hours? (24).
V. Game "Braid braids."
Educator: Guys, Sunny told me in confidence that he wants to get his hair done. Let's braid his hair. Sunny will have a new hairstyle, which will still resemble rays.
VI. Bottom line.
What new have you learned? What is the Sun? How many planets?
Literature.
1.Panikova E.A., Inkina V.V. Conversations about space. Methodological manual.-M.: TC Sfera, 2012.
2. Encyclopedia “Why”
