The narrative opens with a letter to friend Alexei Mikhailovich Kutuzov, in which Radishchev explains his feelings that forced him to write this book. This is a kind of blessing for work.
Departure
Sofia
Having taken the travel document, our traveler goes to the commissar for horses, but they don’t give them horses, they say that they don’t have them, although there are up to twenty nags in the stable. Twenty kopecks had an effect “on the coachmen.” They harnessed the troika behind the commissar's back, and the traveler set off further. The cab driver sings a mournful song, and the traveler reflects on the character of the Russian man. If a Russian wants to disperse his melancholy, he goes to a tavern; whatever doesn’t suit him, he gets into a fight. The traveler asks God why he turned away from people?
Tosna
A discussion about a disgusting road that is impossible to overcome even in summer rains. In the station hut, the traveler meets an unsuccessful writer - a nobleman who wants to sell him his literary work “about the loss of privileges by the nobles.” The traveler gives him copper pennies, and offers to give the “labor” to the peddlers by weight so that they can use the paper for “wrapping”, because it is not suitable for anything else.
Lyubani
A traveler sees a peasant plowing on a holiday and wonders if he is a schismatic? The peasant is Orthodox, but he is forced to work on Sunday, because... goes to corvée six days a week. The peasant says that he has three sons and three daughters, the eldest is only ten years old. To keep his family from starving, he has to work at night. He works diligently for himself, but only barely for his master. He is the only worker in the family, but the master has many. The peasant envies the quitrent and state peasants, their lives are easier, then he re-harnesses the horses so that they can rest, while he himself works without rest. The traveler mentally curses all the exploiting landowners and himself for offending his Petrushka when he was drunk.
Miracle
The traveler meets with a university friend, Chelishchev, who talks about his adventure in the raging Baltic, where he almost died because an official refused to send help, saying: “It’s not my position.” Now Chelishchev is leaving the city - “a host of lions”, so as not to see these villains.
Spasskaya field
The traveler got caught in the rain and asked to go into the hut to dry off. There he hears his husband's story about an official who loves "oysters" (oysters). For fulfilling his whim - delivering oysters - he gives ranks and awards from the state treasury. The rain has stopped. The traveler continued his journey with a companion who had asked for it. A fellow traveler tells his story of how he was a merchant, trusted dishonest people, was put on trial, his wife died during childbirth, which began due to worries a month earlier. A friend helped this unfortunate man escape. The traveler wants to help the fugitive, in a dream he imagines himself as an all-powerful ruler, whom everyone admires. This dream reveals to him the wanderer Straight-View, she removes the thorns from his eyes that prevent him from seeing the truth. The author states that the tsar was known among the people as “a deceiver, a hypocrite, a pernicious comedian.” Radishchev shows the discrepancy between Catherine's words and deeds; the ostentatious splendor, the lush, decorative façade of the empire hides behind it terrible scenes of oppression. Pryovzora turns to the king with words of contempt and anger: “Know that you are... the first robber, the first traitor of general silence, the fiercest enemy, directing his anger at the inside of the weak.” Radishchev shows that there are no good kings; they pour out their favors only on the unworthy.
Podberezye
The traveler meets a young man going to St. Petersburg to study with his uncle. Here are the young man's thoughts about the detrimental lack of an education system for the country. He hopes that the descendants will be happier in this regard, because... will be able to study.
Novgorod
The traveler admires the city, remembering its heroic past and how Ivan the Terrible set out to destroy the Novgorod Republic. The author is outraged: what right did the tsar have to “appropriate Novgorod”?
The traveler then goes to his friend, Karp Dementich, who married his son. Everyone sits at the table together (the owner, the young couple, the guest). The traveler draws portraits of his hosts. And the merchant talks about his affairs. Just as he was “launched around the world,” now the son is trading.
Bronnitsy
The traveler goes to the sacred hill and hears the menacing voice of the Almighty: “Why did you want to know the secret?” “What are you looking for, foolish child?” Where the “great city” once was, the traveler sees only poor shacks.
Zaitsev
The traveler meets his friend Krestyankin, who once served and then retired. Krestyankin, a very conscientious and warm-hearted man, was the chairman of the criminal chamber, but left his position, seeing the futility of his efforts. Krestyankin talks about a certain nobleman who began his career as a court stoker, and tells about the atrocities of this unscrupulous man. The peasants could not stand the bullying of the landowner's family and killed everyone. The peasant justified the “guilty” who had been driven to murder by the landowner. No matter how hard Krestyankin fought for a fair solution to this case, nothing happened. They were executed. And he resigned so as not to be an accomplice to this crime. The traveler receives a letter that tells about a strange wedding between “a 78-year-old young man and a 62-year-old young woman,” a certain widow engaged in pimping, and in her old age decided to marry the baron. He marries for money, and in her old age she wants to be called “Your Highness.” The author says that without the Buryndas the light would not have lasted even three days; he is outraged by the absurdity of what is happening.
Sacrum
Seeing the separation of the father from his sons going to work, the traveler recalls that out of one hundred serving nobles, ninety-eight “become rakes.” He grieves that he too will soon have to part with his eldest son. The author’s reasoning leads him to the conclusion: “Tell the truth, loving father, tell me, true citizen! Don't you want to strangle your son rather than let him go into service? Because in the service everyone cares about their own pockets, and not about the good of their homeland.” The landowner, calling on the traveler to witness how hard it is for him to part with his sons, tells them that they do not owe him anything, but must work for the good of the fatherland, for this he raised and cared for them, taught them sciences and forced them to think. He admonishes his sons not to stray from the true path, not to lose their pure and high souls.
Yazhelbitsy
Driving past the cemetery, the traveler sees a heartbreaking scene when a father, rushing at his son’s coffin, does not allow him to be buried, crying that they are not burying him with his son in order to stop his torment. For he is guilty that his son was born weak and sick and suffered so much as long as he lived. The traveler mentally reasons that he, too, probably passed on to his sons diseases with the vices of his youth.
Valdai
This ancient town is famous for the amorous affection of unmarried women. The traveler says that everyone knows “Valdai bagels and shameless girls.” Next, he tells the legend of a sinful monk who drowned in a lake during a storm while swimming to his beloved.
Edrovo
The traveler sees many elegant women and girls. He admires their healthy appearance, reproaching the noblewomen for disfiguring their figures by wearing corsets, and then dying from childbirth, because... for years they spoiled their bodies for the sake of fashion. The traveler talks to Annushka, who at first behaves sternly, and then, getting into conversation, said that her father died, she lives with her mother and sister, and wants to get married. But they ask a hundred rubles for the groom. Vanyukha wants to go to St. Petersburg to earn money. But the traveler says: “Don’t let him go there, there he will learn to drink and get out of the habit of peasant labor.” He wants to give money, but the family won’t take it. He is amazed by their nobility.
Khotilov
Written on behalf of another traveler, even more progressive in his views than Radishchev. Our traveler finds papers left by his brother. Reading them, he finds arguments similar to his thoughts about the harmfulness of slavery, the evil nature of landowners, and the lack of enlightenment.
Vyshny Volochok
The traveler admires the locks and man-made canals. He talks about a landowner who treated peasants like slaves. They worked for him all day, and he gave them only meager food. The peasants did not have their own plots or livestock. And this “barbarian” flourished. The author calls on the peasants to destroy the estate and tools of this nonhuman, who treats them like oxen.
Vydropusk (again written from someone else’s notes)
The author says that the kings imagined themselves to be gods, surrounded themselves with a hundred servants and imagined that they were useful to the fatherland. But the author is sure that this order needs to be changed. The future is education. Only then will there be justice when people become equal.
Torzhok
The traveler meets a man who wants to open a free printing house. What follows is a discussion about the harmfulness of censorship. “What harm will happen if books are printed without a police stamp?” The author claims that the benefits of this are obvious: “Rulers are not free to separate the people from the truth.” The author in “A Brief Narrative of the Origin of Censorship” says that censorship and the Inquisition have the same roots. And tells the history of printing and censorship in the West. And in Russia... in Russia, what happened with censorship, he promises to tell “another time.”
Copper
The traveler sees a round dance of young women and girls. And then there is a description of the shameful public sale of peasants. A 75-year-old man is waiting to see who will give it to him. His 80-year-old wife was the nurse of the mother of a young master who mercilessly sold his peasants. There is also a 40-year-old woman, the master’s wet nurse, and the entire peasant family, including the baby, going under the hammer. It is scary for a traveler to see this barbarity.
Tver
The traveler listens to the arguments of the tavern interlocutor “at lunch” about the poetry of Lomonosov, Sumarokov and Trediakovsky. The interlocutor reads excerpts from Radishchev’s ode “Liberty,” allegedly written by him, which he is taking to St. Petersburg to publish. The traveler liked the poem, but he did not have time to tell the author about it, because... he left quickly.
Gorodnya
Here the traveler sees a recruitment drive, hears the screams and cries of the peasants, and learns about the many violations and injustices happening during this process. The traveler listens to the story of the servant Vanka, who was raised and taught together with a young master, called Vanyusha, and sent abroad not as a slave, but as a comrade. But the old master favored him, and the young master hated him and was jealous of his success. The old man died. The young master got married, and his wife hated Ivan, humiliated him in every possible way, and then decided to marry him to a dishonored courtyard girl. Ivan called the landowner an “inhuman woman,” and then he was sent to become a soldier. Ivan is happy about this fate. Then the traveler saw three peasants whom the landowner sold as recruits, because... he needed a new carriage. The author is amazed at the lawlessness happening around.
Zavidovo
The traveler sees a warrior in a grenadier's hat, who, demanding horses, threatens the elder with a whip. By order of the headman, fresh horses were taken away from the traveler and given to the grenadier. The traveler is outraged by this order of things. What will you do?
Wedge
The traveler listens to the mournful song of the blind man, and then gives him a ruble. The old man is surprised by the generous alms. He's more excited about the birthday cake than the money. For the ruble can lead someone into temptation, and it will be stolen. Then the traveler gives the old man his scarf from his neck.
Pawns
The traveler treats the child with sugar, and his mother tells her son: “Take the master’s food.” The traveler is surprised why this is bar food. The peasant woman replies that she has nothing to buy sugar with, but they drink it at the bar because they don’t get the money themselves. The peasant woman is sure that these are the tears of slaves. The traveler saw that the owner's bread consisted of three parts of chaff and one part of unsown flour. He looked around for the first time and was horrified by the wretched surroundings. With anger he exclaims: “Cruel-hearted landowner! Look at the children of the peasants who are under your control!”, calls on the exploiters to come to their senses.
Black mud
The traveler meets the wedding train, but is very sad, because... They are going down the aisle under the compulsion of their master.
A word about Lomonosov
The author, passing by the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, entered it in order to honor the grave of the great Lomonosov with his presence. He recalls the life path of a great scientist striving for knowledge. Lomonosov eagerly studied everything that could be learned at that time and studied poetry. The author comes to the conclusion that Lomonosov was great in all matters that he touched.
And now it’s Moscow! Moscow!!!
A.M.K.
The narrative opens with a letter to friend Alexei Mikhailovich Kutuzov, in which Radishchev explains his feelings that forced him to write this book. This is a kind of blessing for work.
Departure
Having said goodbye to his friends, the author-narrator leaves, suffering from separation. He dreams that he is alone, but, fortunately, there was a pothole, he woke up, and then they arrived at the station.
Sofia
Having taken the travel document, our traveler goes to the commissar for horses, but they don’t give them horses, they say that they don’t have them, although there are up to twenty nags in the stable. Twenty kopecks had an effect “on the coachmen.” They harnessed the troika behind the commissar's back, and the traveler set off further. The cab driver sings a mournful song, and the traveler reflects on the character of the Russian man. If a Russian wants to disperse his melancholy, he goes to a tavern; whatever doesn’t suit him, he gets into a fight. The traveler asks God why he turned away from people?
Tosna
A discussion about a disgusting road that is impossible to overcome even in summer rains. In the station hut, the traveler meets a failed writer - a nobleman who wants to sell him his literary work “about the loss of privileges by the nobles.” The traveler gives him copper pennies, and offers to give the “labor” by weight to the peddlers so that they can use the paper for “wrapping”, since it is not suitable for anything else.
Lyubani
A traveler sees a peasant plowing on a holiday and wonders if he is a schismatic? The peasant is Orthodox, but he is forced to work on Sunday, because... goes to corvée six days a week. The peasant says that he has three sons and three daughters, the eldest is only ten years old. To keep his family from starving, he has to work at night. He works diligently for himself, but only barely for his master. He is the only worker in the family, but the master has many. The peasant envies the quitrent and state peasants, their lives are easier, then he re-harnesses the horses so that they can rest, while he himself works without rest. The traveler mentally curses all the exploiting landowners and himself for offending his Petrushka when he was drunk.
Miracle
The traveler meets with a university friend, Chelishchev, who talks about his adventure in the raging Baltic, where he almost died because an official refused to send help, saying: “It’s not my position.” Now Chelishchev is leaving the city - “a host of lions”, so as not to see these villains.
Spasskaya field
The traveler got caught in the rain and asked to go into the hut to dry off. There he hears his husband's story about an official who loves “oysters” (oysters). For fulfilling his whim - delivering oysters - he gives ranks and awards from the state treasury. The rain has stopped. The traveler continued his journey with a companion who had asked for it. A fellow traveler tells his story of how he was a merchant, trusted dishonest people, was put on trial, his wife died during childbirth, which began due to worries a month earlier. A friend helped this unfortunate man escape. The traveler wants to help the fugitive, in a dream he imagines himself as an all-powerful ruler, whom everyone admires. This dream reveals to him the wanderer Straight-View, she removes the thorns from his eyes that prevent him from seeing the truth. The author states that the tsar was known among the people as “a deceiver, a hypocrite, a pernicious comedian.” Radishchev shows the discrepancy between Catherine's words and deeds; the ostentatious splendor, the lush, decorative façade of the empire hides behind it terrible scenes of oppression. Pryovzora turns to the king with words of contempt and anger: “Know that you are... the first robber, the first traitor of the general silence, the fiercest enemy, directing his anger at the inside of the weak.” Radishchev shows that there are no good kings; they pour out their favors only on the unworthy.
Podberezye
The traveler meets a young man going to St. Petersburg to study with his uncle. Here are the young man's thoughts about the detrimental lack of an education system for the country. He hopes that the descendants will be happier in this regard, because... will be able to study.
Novgorod
The traveler admires the city, remembering its heroic past and how Ivan the Terrible set out to destroy the Novgorod Republic. The author is outraged: what right did the tsar have to “appropriate Novgorod”?
The traveler then goes to his friend, Karp Dementich, who married his son. Everyone sits at the table together (the owner, the young couple, the guest). The traveler draws portraits of his hosts. And the merchant talks about his affairs. Just as he was “launched around the world,” now the son is trading.
Bronnitsy
The traveler goes to the sacred hill and hears the menacing voice of the Almighty: “Why did you want to know the secret?” “What are you looking for, foolish child?” Where the “great city” once was, the traveler sees only poor shacks.
Zaitsev
The traveler meets his friend Krestyankin, who once served and then retired. Krestyankin, a very conscientious and warm-hearted man, was the chairman of the criminal chamber, but left his position, seeing the futility of his efforts. Krestyankin talks about a certain nobleman who began his career as a court stoker, and tells about the atrocities of this unscrupulous man. The peasants could not stand the bullying of the landowner's family and killed everyone. The peasant justified the “culprits” who had been driven to murder by the landowner. No matter how hard Krestyankin fought for a fair solution to this case, nothing happened. They were executed. And he resigned so as not to be an accomplice to this crime. The traveler receives a letter that tells about a strange wedding between “a 78-year-old young man and a 62-year-old young woman,” a certain widow who was engaged in pimping, and in her old age decided to marry the baron. He marries for money, and in her old age she wants to be called “Your Highness.” The author says that without the Buryndas the light would not have lasted even three days; he is outraged by the absurdity of what is happening. Travel from St. Petersburg to Moscow
page 2
Sacrum
Seeing the separation of the father from his sons going to work, the traveler recalls that out of one hundred serving nobles, ninety-eight “become rakes.” He grieves that he too will soon have to part with his eldest son. The author’s reasoning leads him to the conclusion: “Tell the truth, loving father, tell me, true citizen! Don't you want to strangle your son rather than let him go into service? Because in the service everyone cares about their own pockets, and not about the good of their homeland.” The landowner, calling on the traveler to witness how hard it is for him to part with his sons, tells them that they do not owe him anything, but must work for the good of the fatherland, for this he raised and cared for them, taught them sciences and forced them to think. He admonishes his sons not to stray from the true path, not to lose their pure and high souls.
Yazhelbitsy
Driving past the cemetery, the traveler sees a heartbreaking scene when a father, rushing at his son’s coffin, does not allow him to be buried, crying that they are not burying him with his son in order to stop his torment. For he is guilty that his son was born weak and sick and suffered so much as long as he lived. The traveler mentally reasons that he, too, probably passed on to his sons diseases with the vices of his youth.
Valdai
This ancient town is famous for the amorous affection of unmarried women. The traveler says that everyone knows “Valdai bagels and shameless girls.” Next, he tells the legend of a sinful monk who drowned in a lake during a storm while swimming to his beloved.
Edrovo
The traveler sees many elegant women and girls. He admires their healthy appearance, reproaching the noblewomen for disfiguring their figures by wearing corsets, and then dying from childbirth, because they have been spoiling their bodies for years for the sake of fashion. The traveler talks to Annushka, who at first behaves sternly, and then, getting into conversation, said that her father died, she lives with her mother and sister, and wants to get married. But they ask a hundred rubles for the groom. Vanyukha wants to go to St. Petersburg to earn money. But the traveler says: “Don’t let him go there, there he will learn to drink and get out of the habit of peasant labor.” He wants to give money, but the family won’t take it. He is amazed by their nobility.
Khotilov
Project in the future
Written on behalf of another traveler, even more progressive in his views than Radishchev. Our traveler finds papers left by his brother. Reading them, he finds arguments similar to his thoughts about the harmfulness of slavery, the evil nature of landowners, and the lack of enlightenment.
Vyshny Volochok
The traveler admires the locks and man-made canals. He talks about a landowner who treated peasants like slaves. They worked for him all day, and he gave them only meager food. The peasants did not have their own plots or livestock. And this “barbarian” flourished. The author calls on the peasants to destroy the estate and tools of this nonhuman, who treats them like oxen.
Vydropusk (again written from someone else’s notes)
Project of the future
The author says that the kings imagined themselves to be gods, surrounded themselves with a hundred servants and imagined that they were useful to the fatherland. But the author is sure that this order needs to be changed. The future is education. Only then will there be justice when people become equal.
Torzhok
The traveler meets a man who wants to open a free printing house. What follows is a discussion about the harmfulness of censorship. “What harm will it do if books are printed without a police stamp?” The author claims that the benefit of this is obvious: “Rulers are not free to separate the people from the truth.” The author in “A Brief Narrative of the Origin of Censorship” says that censorship and the Inquisition have the same roots. And tells the history of printing and censorship in the West. And in Russia... in Russia, what happened with censorship, he promises to tell “another time.”
Copper
The traveler sees a round dance of young women and girls. And then there is a description of the shameful public sale of peasants. A 75-year-old man is waiting to see who will give it to him. His 80-year-old wife was the nurse of the mother of a young master who mercilessly sold his peasants. There is also a 40-year-old woman, the master’s wet nurse, and the entire peasant family, including the baby, going under the hammer. It is scary for a traveler to see this barbarity.
Tver
The traveler listens to the arguments of the tavern interlocutor “at lunch” about the poetry of Lomonosov, Sumarokov and Trediakovsky.
The narrative opens with a letter to friend Alexei Mikhailovich Kutuzov, in which Radishchev explains his feelings that forced him to write this book. This is a kind of blessing for work.
Departure
Sofia
Having taken the travel document, our traveler goes to the commissar for horses, but they don’t give them horses, they say that they don’t have them, although there are up to twenty nags in the stable. Twenty kopecks had an effect “on the coachmen.” They harnessed the troika behind the commissar's back, and the traveler set off further. The cab driver sings a mournful song, and the traveler reflects on the character of the Russian man. If a Russian wants to disperse his melancholy, he goes to a tavern; whatever doesn’t suit him, he gets into a fight. The traveler asks God why he turned away from people?
Tosna
A discussion about a disgusting road that is impossible to overcome even in summer rains. In the station hut, the traveler meets an unsuccessful writer - a nobleman who wants to sell him his literary work “about the loss of privileges by the nobles.” The traveler gives him copper pennies, and offers to give the “labor” to the peddlers by weight so that they can use the paper for “wrapping”, because it is not suitable for anything else.
Lyubani
A traveler sees a peasant plowing on a holiday and wonders if he is a schismatic? The peasant is Orthodox, but he is forced to work on Sunday, because... goes to corvée six days a week. The peasant says that he has three sons and three daughters, the eldest is only ten years old. To keep his family from starving, he has to work at night. He works diligently for himself, but only barely for his master. He is the only worker in the family, but the master has many. The peasant envies the quitrent and state peasants, their lives are easier, then he re-harnesses the horses so that they can rest, while he himself works without rest. The traveler mentally curses all the exploiting landowners and himself for offending his Petrushka when he was drunk.
Miracle
The traveler meets with a university friend, Chelishchev, who talks about his adventure in the raging Baltic, where he almost died because an official refused to send help, saying: “It’s not my position.” Now Chelishchev is leaving the city - “a host of lions”, so as not to see these villains.
Spasskaya field
The traveler got caught in the rain and asked to go into the hut to dry off. There he hears his husband's story about an official who loves "oysters" (oysters). For fulfilling his whim - delivering oysters - he gives ranks and awards from the state treasury. The rain has stopped. The traveler continued his journey with a companion who had asked for it. A fellow traveler tells his story of how he was a merchant, trusted dishonest people, was put on trial, his wife died during childbirth, which began due to worries a month earlier. A friend helped this unfortunate man escape. The traveler wants to help the fugitive, in a dream he imagines himself as an all-powerful ruler, whom everyone admires. This dream reveals to him the wanderer Straight-View, she removes the thorns from his eyes that prevent him from seeing the truth. The author states that the tsar was known among the people as “a deceiver, a hypocrite, a pernicious comedian.” Radishchev shows the discrepancy between Catherine's words and deeds; the ostentatious splendor, the lush, decorative façade of the empire hides behind it terrible scenes of oppression. Pryovzora turns to the king with words of contempt and anger: “Know that you are... the first robber, the first traitor of general silence, the fiercest enemy, directing his anger at the inside of the weak.” Radishchev shows that there are no good kings; they pour out their favors only on the unworthy.
Podberezye
The traveler meets a young man going to St. Petersburg to study with his uncle. Here are the young man's thoughts about the detrimental lack of an education system for the country. He hopes that the descendants will be happier in this regard, because... will be able to study.
Novgorod
The traveler admires the city, remembering its heroic past and how Ivan the Terrible set out to destroy the Novgorod Republic. The author is outraged: what right did the tsar have to “appropriate Novgorod”?
The traveler then goes to his friend, Karp Dementich, who married his son. Everyone sits at the table together (the owner, the young couple, the guest). The traveler draws portraits of his hosts. And the merchant talks about his affairs. Just as he was “launched around the world,” now the son is trading.
Bronnitsy
The traveler goes to the sacred hill and hears the menacing voice of the Almighty: “Why did you want to know the secret?” “What are you looking for, foolish child?” Where the “great city” once was, the traveler sees only poor shacks.
Zaitsev
The traveler meets his friend Krestyankin, who once served and then retired. Krestyankin, a very conscientious and warm-hearted man, was the chairman of the criminal chamber, but left his position, seeing the futility of his efforts. Krestyankin talks about a certain nobleman who began his career as a court stoker, and tells about the atrocities of this unscrupulous man. The peasants could not stand the bullying of the landowner's family and killed everyone. The peasant justified the “guilty” who had been driven to murder by the landowner. No matter how hard Krestyankin fought for a fair solution to this case, nothing happened. They were executed. And he resigned so as not to be an accomplice to this crime. The traveler receives a letter that tells about a strange wedding between “a 78-year-old young man and a 62-year-old young woman,” a certain widow engaged in pimping, and in her old age decided to marry the baron. He marries for money, and in her old age she wants to be called “Your Highness.” The author says that without the Buryndas the light would not have lasted even three days; he is outraged by the absurdity of what is happening.
Sacrum
Seeing the separation of the father from his sons going to work, the traveler recalls that out of one hundred serving nobles, ninety-eight “become rakes.” He grieves that he too will soon have to part with his eldest son. The author’s reasoning leads him to the conclusion: “Tell the truth, loving father, tell me, true citizen! Don't you want to strangle your son rather than let him go into service? Because in the service everyone cares about their own pockets, and not about the good of their homeland.” The landowner, calling on the traveler to witness how hard it is for him to part with his sons, tells them that they do not owe him anything, but must work for the good of the fatherland.
To do this, he raised and cared for them, taught them sciences and forced them to think. He admonishes his sons not to stray from the true path, not to lose their pure and high souls.
Yazhelbitsy
Driving past the cemetery, the traveler sees a heartbreaking scene when a father, rushing at his son’s coffin, does not allow him to be buried, crying that they are not burying him with his son in order to stop his torment. For he is guilty that his son was born weak and sick and suffered so much as long as he lived. The traveler mentally reasons that he, too, probably passed on to his sons diseases with the vices of his youth.
Valdai
This ancient town is famous for the amorous affection of unmarried women. The traveler says that everyone knows “Valdai bagels and shameless girls.” Next, he tells the legend of a sinful monk who drowned in a lake during a storm while swimming to his beloved.
Edrovo
The traveler sees many elegant women and girls. He admires their healthy appearance, reproaching the noblewomen for disfiguring their figures by wearing corsets, and then dying from childbirth, because... for years they spoiled their bodies for the sake of fashion. The traveler talks to Annushka, who at first behaves sternly, and then, getting into conversation, said that her father died, she lives with her mother and sister, and wants to get married. But they ask a hundred rubles for the groom. Vanyukha wants to go to St. Petersburg to earn money. But the traveler says: “Don’t let him go there, there he will learn to drink and get out of the habit of peasant labor.” He wants to give money, but the family won’t take it. He is amazed by their nobility.
Khotilov
Written on behalf of another traveler, even more progressive in his views than Radishchev. Our traveler finds papers left by his brother. Reading them, he finds arguments similar to his thoughts about the harmfulness of slavery, the evil nature of landowners, and the lack of enlightenment.
Vyshny Volochok
The traveler admires the locks and man-made canals. He talks about a landowner who treated peasants like slaves. They worked for him all day, and he gave them only meager food. The peasants did not have their own plots or livestock. And this “barbarian” flourished. The author calls on the peasants to destroy the estate and tools of this nonhuman, who treats them like oxen.
Vydropusk (again written from someone else’s notes)
The author says that the kings imagined themselves to be gods, surrounded themselves with a hundred servants and imagined that they were useful to the fatherland. But the author is sure that this order needs to be changed. The future is education. Only then will there be justice when people become equal.
Torzhok
The traveler meets a man who wants to open a free printing house. What follows is a discussion about the harmfulness of censorship. “What harm will happen if books are printed without a police stamp?” The author claims that the benefits of this are obvious: “Rulers are not free to separate the people from the truth.” The author in “A Brief Narrative of the Origin of Censorship” says that censorship and the Inquisition have the same roots. And tells the history of printing and censorship in the West. And in Russia... in Russia, what happened with censorship, he promises to tell “another time.”
Copper
The traveler sees a round dance of young women and girls. And then there is a description of the shameful public sale of peasants. A 75-year-old man is waiting to see who will give it to him. His 80-year-old wife was the nurse of the mother of a young master who mercilessly sold his peasants. There is also a 40-year-old woman, the master’s wet nurse, and the entire peasant family, including the baby, going under the hammer. It is scary for a traveler to see this barbarity.
Tver
The traveler listens to the arguments of the tavern interlocutor “at lunch” about the poetry of Lomonosov, Sumarokov and Trediakovsky. The interlocutor reads excerpts from Radishchev’s ode “Liberty,” allegedly written by him, which he is taking to St. Petersburg to publish. The traveler liked the poem, but he did not have time to tell the author about it, because... he left quickly.
Gorodnya
Here the traveler sees a recruitment drive, hears the screams and cries of the peasants, and learns about the many violations and injustices happening during this process. The traveler listens to the story of the servant Vanka, who was raised and taught together with a young master, called Vanyusha, and sent abroad not as a slave, but as a comrade. But the old master favored him, and the young master hated him and was jealous of his success. The old man died. The young master got married, and his wife hated Ivan, humiliated him in every possible way, and then decided to marry him to a dishonored courtyard girl. Ivan called the landowner an “inhuman woman,” and then he was sent to become a soldier. Ivan is happy about this fate. Then the traveler saw three peasants whom the landowner sold as recruits, because... he needed a new carriage. The author is amazed at the lawlessness happening around.
Zavidovo
The traveler sees a warrior in a grenadier's hat, who, demanding horses, threatens the elder with a whip. By order of the headman, fresh horses were taken away from the traveler and given to the grenadier. The traveler is outraged by this order of things. What will you do?
Wedge
The traveler listens to the mournful song of the blind man, and then gives him a ruble. The old man is surprised by the generous alms. He's more excited about the birthday cake than the money. For the ruble can lead someone into temptation, and it will be stolen. Then the traveler gives the old man his scarf from his neck.
Pawns
The traveler treats the child with sugar, and his mother tells her son: “Take the master’s food.” The traveler is surprised why this is bar food. The peasant woman replies that she has nothing to buy sugar with, but they drink it at the bar because they don’t get the money themselves. The peasant woman is sure that these are the tears of slaves. The traveler saw that the owner's bread consisted of three parts of chaff and one part of unsown flour. He looked around for the first time and was horrified by the wretched surroundings. With anger he exclaims: “Cruel-hearted landowner! Look at the children of the peasants who are under your control!”, calls on the exploiters to come to their senses.
Black mud
The traveler meets the wedding train, but is very sad, because... They are going down the aisle under the compulsion of their master.
A word about Lomonosov
The author, passing by the Alexander Nevsky Lavra, entered it in order to honor the grave of the great Lomonosov with his presence. He recalls the life path of a great scientist striving for knowledge. Lomonosov eagerly studied everything that could be learned at that time and studied poetry. The author comes to the conclusion that Lomonosov was great in all matters that he touched.
And now it’s Moscow! Moscow!!!
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After dinner with his friends, the hero goes to Moscow and wakes up at the next postal station. The hero wakes up the caretaker and demands horses, but is refused. The journey continued only when the coachmen received vodka and harnessed the horses.
In Tosna, the hero met a lawyer who was engaged in the composition of ancient genealogies. Proceeding to Lyuban, the hero sees a peasant plowing on Sunday “with great diligence.”
According to the plowman, he works the master’s land all week, so he works on holidays so as not to die of hunger. In Chudov, the traveler is caught up by his friend Ch., who tells his story about how he sailed from Kronstadt to Sisterbek for fun, how a storm broke out, and the boat got stuck between the rocks. Two rowers tried to reach the shore, located one and a half miles away. One of them got ashore and hurried to the local chief for help to save the rest. However, the chief was sleeping, and the sergeant did not wake him. When the unfortunate people were finally saved, Ch. tried to appeal to the boss’s conscience, but he said that this was not his position. The indignant Ch. “almost spat in his face.” Ch. did not find understanding among his acquaintances and decided to leave St. Petersburg forever.
On the way to Spasskaya Polest, the hero’s next traveling companion tells him his story. He trusted his partner in ransom matters and was deceived, lost all his fortune and was put on trial. His wife, out of anxiety, gave birth prematurely and died three days later, and the premature baby also died. When his friends saw that the guards had come for him, they put the narrator in a wagon and sent him “wherever they looked.” Touched by the story, the hero thinks about bringing this story to the supreme power, which alone is impartial. The hero even imagines himself as a ruler, who suddenly understands that those with power are obliged to uphold the law and justice.
The next stop was Podberezye station, where the hero met a seminarian who complained about modern education. The hero believes that the writer’s task is to praise virtue and enlightenment.
Upon arrival in Novgorod, the hero reflects on the fact that in ancient times this city had popular rule, and doubts the right of Ivan the Terrible to annex Novgorod. The traveler goes to lunch with his friend Karp Dementievich, a former merchant and now a famous citizen. They talk about trade, and the hero comes to the conclusion that the bill system leads to theft and easy enrichment.
At the post office in Zaitsev, the hero meets Krestyankin, who served in the criminal chamber. Krestyankin realized that he would not bring any benefit to the fatherland in his position, and resigned. It tells the story of a cruel landowner whose son raped a young peasant woman. Her fiancé broke the rapist's head while trying to protect the girl. Other peasants helped the groom. According to the code of the criminal chamber, they were all sentenced to death, which could be replaced by lifelong hard labor. The narrator wanted to acquit the peasants, but the local nobles did not support him, and he had to resign.
Stopping in Krestsy, the hero observes the scene of the father’s separation from his children leaving for service. The father instructs them to live according to the laws of society and conscience, calls them to virtue. The hero agrees with his father that parents should not have power over their children; the union of children and parents should be based “on the tender feelings of the heart.”
Driving past the cemetery in Yazhelbitsy, the hero sees a burial. The father of the dead man sobs at the grave, repeating that he killed his son because he was sick with a “stenchful disease”, and this affected his son’s health. The hero blames the state for this, which protects vicious women.
In Valdai, the hero remembers the legend about a monk of the Iversky Monastery, who fell in love with the daughter of a Valdai resident and swam across Lake Valdai to meet his beloved. But somehow a storm raged, and the monk’s body was found on the shore in the morning.
Once in Yedrov, the hero meets a young peasant woman, Anyuta, and talks with her about her fiancé and family. The traveler is surprised by the nobility of the villagers. The hero offers Anyuta's fiancé money for the establishment. However, Ivan does not want to take them, believing that he himself can earn everything.
On the way to Khotilovo, the hero reflects on how unfair serfdom is. This is a brutal custom where one person enslaves another.
Radishchev's hero comes to the conclusion that forced work prevents the “reproduction of the people.” Not far from the postal station, he finds a paper that reflects the same thoughts. The hero learns from the postman that one of his friends was the last to pass through these places. He apparently forgot his essays at the station, and the traveler takes the papers for a small reward. The papers contain a whole program for the emancipation of serfs, as well as a provision for the liquidation of court officials.
The traveler meets a man in Torzhok who sends a petition to St. Petersburg for permission to open a printing press in the city, which will be free from censorship. According to the hero Radishchev, censorship can be society itself, which recognizes the writer or rejects him. Here the author talks about the history of the creation of censorship.
On the way to Mednoe, the hero reads the papers of his friend. He learns about the procedure for auctioning the property of a bankrupt landowner, when even people go under the hammer. The hero is brought back to the theme of liberty by a conversation with a friend in a tavern about Russian versification.
In the village of Gorodnya, the hero watches the recruitment process take place. The sobs of mothers, brides, and wives are heard. However, not all recruits are dissatisfied. So, one young man is glad to get out from under the power of his masters.
Once in Pawns, the hero examines the peasant hut and is amazed at the poverty reigning there. In a lyrical digression, the author condemns the landowners.
“Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow” ends with lines dedicated to Lomonosov. The traveler says that he received these notes from the “Parnassian judge” during lunch in Tver. The hero sees the main role of Lomonosov in the development of Russian literature, calling him “the first in the path of Russian literature.”
Effective preparation for the Unified State Exam (all subjects) - start preparing
Updated: 2012-10-03
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“It is possible for everyone to be an accomplice in the prosperity of their own kind” - it was this thought that prompted Alexander Nikolaevich Radishchev to write a story called “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow.” He, “whose soul has become wounded by the suffering of humanity,” wanted to pour out his thoughts on paper in order to depict in one book the life of the ordinary Russian people in all its ugliness.
The main characters of the story
A storyteller, or traveler, is a person who travels the world in search of the truth. Alas, driving through villages and cities, he sees the extreme poverty of the common people, their oppression by the nobles and nobility. With all his heart he wants to help the unfortunate, but he does not have the authority to do so. The hero of the story is a kind, honest man, his heart is open to the needs of the people. Just remember the episode with Annushka, who could not marry her loved one unless the ransom was paid. The traveler readily wanted to help the girl. In the image of his hero, the thoughts that disturb him are expressed by the author himself, who is fighting for fair treatment of the peasants.
The author of the “project in the future” is a person with even more progressive views than the narrator himself. He left papers in which he outlined brilliant ideas on how to help poor and suffering people.
Departure
The narration is told in the first person. After dinner with his friends, the narrator left the city. Sad thoughts overwhelmed him. Finally, he and the cab driver stopped at the post office. "Where are we?" - he asked. - In Sofia! - was the answer.
Sofia
We arrived in Sofia at night. The sleepy commissar flatly refused to issue new horses needed to continue the journey, lying that there were none. The author had no choice but to turn to the coachmen for help, and they harnessed the horses for a small tip. The narrator hit the road again.
Tosna
At first, the road from St. Petersburg seemed smooth and level, but later the travelers were convinced of the opposite: it was completely impossible to drive along the streets, washed out from the rains. Therefore, we had to stop at the post office. Here the narrator met a man who was sorting out some papers. It was a lawyer who was traveling to St. Petersburg. During a conversation with the official, it turned out that, while serving as a registrar at the discharge archive, he collected the genealogy of Russian clans, which he was very proud of and boasted about, thinking that “the Great Russian nobility should have bought this work, paying for it as much as they do not pay for any other product.” ..." However, the hero of the novel considers all this nonsense and recommends selling these papers to peddlers for wrappers.
Lyubani
The narrator rode and rode, perhaps in winter and summer. One day, tired of the carriage, he decided to walk. And suddenly I saw a peasant plowing in his field in the hot weather, and on Sunday at that.
The hero of the story was surprised: is there really no time to work on weekdays and leave the day off for rest? It turned out that the peasant had six children who needed to be fed, and since he worked for the landowner all week, the only time left to provide his family with necessities was at night, on holidays and Sundays. “It’s the most diabolical invention to give your peasants to someone else to work for them,” the peasant laments, but he can’t do anything. The narrator, who witnessed blatant injustice, is also upset. Suddenly he remembered that he himself sometimes behaved badly towards his servant Petrusha - and he was ashamed.
Miracle
The sound of a postal bell rang out, and the threshold of the hut where the hero of the story had just entered was crossed by his friend Ch, who had previously remained in St. Petersburg. He began to talk about an unsuccessful boat trip, because the ship on which they sailed almost sank. In the face of death, the boundaries dividing people into rich and poor disappeared. The ruler of the ship showed himself especially heroic, deciding either to save everyone or die himself. He got out of the boat and, “moving from stone to stone, directed his procession to the shore,” accompanied by the sincere prayers of the passengers. Soon another joined him, but “with his feet he stopped motionless on the stone.” Fortunately, the first one managed to get ashore, but indifferent people refused to help: the boss was sleeping, and the subordinate was afraid to wake him up. Moreover, Pavel—that was the name of the man who saved people on the ship—was struck by the commander’s answer: “This is not my position.” Then, in despair, Pavel ran to the guardhouse where the soldiers were. And I was not mistaken. Thanks to the disposition of these people, who immediately agreed to provide boats to rescue the drowning, everyone remained alive.
But Ch., deeply outraged by the boss’s action, left the city forever.
Spasskaya Polest
The narrator, no matter how hard he tried, failed to bring back his friend. While spending the night at the station due to inclement weather, he overheard a conversation between two spouses. The husband was a juror and told about an official who, for fulfilling a whim - delivering oysters - was rewarded from the state treasury.
Meanwhile, the rain passed. The hero of the story decided to move on, but an unfortunate man asked to be his traveling companion, and on the way he told a very sad story: he was a merchant, however, having trusted wicked people, he was put on trial. Because of her anxiety, the wife gave birth prematurely and died three days later. The newborn also died. And the former merchant was almost taken into custody; it’s good that kind people helped him escape.
This story shocked the narrator so much that he was thinking about how to bring what had happened to the supreme power. However, an unexpected dream prevented good intentions. The hero of the story first sees himself as a great ruler, and is sure that things are going well in the state. However, in the crowd he notices a woman calling herself Truth, who removes the veil from the ruler’s eyes, and he is horrified at how bad and terrible everything really is. Alas, this is just a dream. In reality, there are no good kings.
Podberezye
When the hero woke up from sleep, he could not continue his journey further. The head was heavy, and since there was no suitable medicine, the narrator decided to drink coffee. But there was a lot of drink, and he wanted to treat it to the young man sitting next to him. They started talking. A new acquaintance was studying at the Novgorod seminary and was going to St. Petersburg to see his uncle. During the conversation, from the student’s complaints, the hero of the story realized that the level of training leaves much to be desired. Having said goodbye, the seminarian did not notice how he dropped a small bunch of paper. The traveler took advantage of this because the young man’s thoughts were interesting to him.
Here, for example, are words that are worth thinking about: “Christian society was at first humble, meek, hiding in deserts and dens, then it grew stronger, raised its head, withdrew from its path, and gave in to superstition...”
The seminarian is upset that the truth is being trampled upon among the people, and instead ignorance and extreme delusion reign. The author completely agrees with him.
Novgorod
Tormented by sad thoughts, the hero of the story entered Novgorod. Despite the greatness, the many monasteries, and the success in trade affairs, the author understood the deplorable state of this city, captured by Ivan the Terrible. But before, Novgorod was ruled by the people, had its own letter and bell, and, although they had princes, they had little influence. What right did a neighboring king have to ruin a prosperous city to the ground? Why can the one who is stronger control the destinies of others? These thoughts haunt the author.
After lunch with the merchant Karp Dementievich, the hero of the story is convinced of the uselessness of the bill of exchange system, which does not at all guarantee honesty, but, on the contrary, promotes theft and enrichment in easy ways.
Bronnitsy
Here the wanderer prays to God: “...I can’t believe it, O Almighty! so that a person sends the prayer of his heart to some other creature, and not to You..."
He bows before His power and understands that the Lord gave life to man. “You are looking, O all-generous Father, for a sincere heart and an immaculate soul; they are open everywhere for your coming...” exclaims the narrator.
Zaitsevo
At the postal yard in Zaitsevo, the hero of the work meets an old friend named Krestyankin. Conversations with a friend, although rare, were still distinguished by frankness. And now Krestyankin opened his soul to someone whom he had not seen for so many years. The injustice towards ordinary peasants was so blatant that after one incident he, who was called a philanthropic boss, was forced to resign. And this is what happened. One man of low fortune, who, however, received the rank of collegiate assessor, bought a village where he settled with his family. He cruelly mocked the peasants, considering them brutes. But a more inhumane act was committed by the son of this newly minted nobleman when he tried to rape the bride of one of the peasants just on the eve of her wedding. The embittered groom rescued the girl, but broke the skull of one of his sons, which became the impetus for new aggression by the father, who decided to cruelly punish the perpetrators. And then the peasants rebelled against such injustice, rebelling against the family of fanatics and killing everyone. Naturally, after this they were subjected to trial, execution, or eternal hard labor. When passing the sentence, no one except Krestyankin took into account the circumstances that led to such a crime.
Sacrums
In Kresttsy, the hero of the story witnessed the separation of his father and his sons, who were leaving for military service. The narrator discusses what the children of nobles become after the army, because you need to begin your service with mature morals, otherwise “...what good can you expect from such a commander or mayor?”
It is difficult for a father to let his young offspring go, but he considers it a necessity, giving instructions on how to act correctly in a given situation. The sons listened for a long time to this speech, pronounced with a feeling of strong anxiety for them. Finally, the time has come to part ways. The young men sobbed loudly as they sat in the cart, and the old man knelt down and began to fervently pray to the Lord that He would preserve them and strengthen them in the paths of virtue.
Yazhelbitsy
In Yazhelbitsy, the narrator drove past a cemetery, but when he heard the cry of a man tearing out his hair, he stopped. This was the father of the deceased son. In great despair, he said that he himself was the killer of the young man, because “he had prepared his death before his birth, giving him a poisoned life...” Alas, this man’s child was born sick. The author laments that “the stinking disease causes great devastation,” and this happens too often.
Valdai
Valdai is a town that was inhabited by captive Poles during the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, where flushed girls shamelessly indulge in debauchery, dragging travelers into the web of love pleasures. The narrator, having described the local morals, parted with this extremely dissolute city with pain in his heart.
Edrovo
Having reached the city of Edrovo, the narrator saw a crowd of thirty women. Their attractiveness did not escape his gaze, but he was disturbed by thoughts about the bleak future of these beautiful peasant women.
Suddenly the hero of the story met one of them on the road and decided to start a conversation. Anna – that was the girl’s name – at first warily answered his questions, thinking that the traveler, like others, wished harm, but when she saw that the stranger was disposed towards her, she was very surprised, because she was not used to polite treatment. Finally, believing in the sincere intentions of the traveler, she opened up and told her sad story. It turned out that Annushka’s father had recently died, and she was left with her mother and little sister. The girl has a fiancé, Vanya, but it is not possible to marry him until a ransom of one hundred rubles is paid. Then the narrator decides to help the young couple. He asks Anya to take him to his mother, but, entering their house, he sees Ivan. It turns out that there is no need for ransom anymore, because the groom's father has decided to let him go, and the wedding is expected on Sunday. No matter how hard Anna’s new acquaintance tried to give money for the needs of the future family, nothing was accepted from him.
The narrator admires the chastity of the peasant girl and reflects on this on the way to Khotilov, the next town.
Khotilov (future project)
It is written from the perspective of another traveler who is even more progressive in his views. A traveler, passing by, finds papers left by his old friend in front of the post office. In them, serfdom is called evil, crime, slavery, because “to the lack of food and clothing they added work to the point of exhaustion.” The author of the letter calls for the abolition of serfdom, for all people to consider each other as brothers, so that they internally feel how generous the Father of all, God, is to them.
Vyshny Volchok
“In Russia, many farmers do not work for themselves; and so the abundance of land in many parts of Russia proves the aggravated lot of its inhabitants” - this thought frightens the narrator, who, passing a city called Vyshny Volchok, is surprised at its wealth. It is impossible to build happiness on the tears and blood of oppressed peasants, the author is convinced. The prosperity of some at the expense of the misfortune of others is a blatant injustice.
Vydropusk
The narrator again begins to re-read the papers of his friend, who wrote “a project for the future” and fully agrees that the consequences of the actions of kings who surround themselves with luxury are disastrous. The author uses amazing figures of speech in this regard: “in the place of nobility of soul and generosity, servility and self-distrust have been sown,” “true misers for great things”... He sincerely regrets this state of affairs and calls for moderation of desires to be an example for future posterity.
Torzhok
Here the narrator meets a man who wants to achieve the right to free printing in the city, free from censorship, and in connection with this sends a petition. He is outraged by the fact that censorship harms free thought, and expresses it directly: it is necessary for writers to be controlled by society. The author also talks about the history of censorship.
Copper
On the way to Mednoe, the narrator reads his friend's papers again and again. And, delving into the text, he sees a glaring problem: if some landowner goes bankrupt, his peasants are sold at auction, and forced people cannot even know what fate awaits them. This is a great evil.
Tver
The author and his friend argue that versification was crushed in the bud, not allowing it to come into force. They talk about poetry and gradually come to the topic of freedom. The narrator’s friend, who goes to St. Petersburg to ask for the publication of his own book of poems, reads excerpts from an ode of his own composition with a similar title.
Gorodnya
There was a cry in this city, the cause of which was recruitment. Tears are shed by mothers, wives, and brides. One of the serf boys goes into the army, forced to leave his mother alone; the girl, his bride, is also crying, not wanting to part with the groom, because they were not even allowed to get married. Hearing their cry, the guy tries to console the people he loves. And only one man of about thirty named Ivan rejoices at such a change in circumstances. He is a slave to his mistress, and hopes that the army will be a liberation from the heavy oppression of an imperious and cruel mistress, who forced him to forcibly marry a pregnant maid.
Zavidovo
A traveler in Zavidovo saw a sad picture. The poor elder cringed before the warrior in a grenadier’s cap, hearing angry shouts: “Hurry up the horses!” and seeing the whip hanging over him. His Excellency's arrival was expected. However, there were not enough horses. Finally, they ordered the narrator's horses to be unharnessed, despite his indignation. Many who imagine themselves to be high ranks are unworthy of the respect and respect that is shown to them, the traveler is sure.
Wedge
Here the traveler meets a blind old man sitting near the post office, who sings a sad song. Everyone around him gives him alms. The hero of the story also took pity, giving a ruble to the unfortunate man and was surprised by what he said: “...What do I need it for now? I don’t see where to put it; He will, perhaps, give rise to a crime...” He refused such a generous alms and told the story of his life. The blind man is convinced that he lost his sight for his sins, because during the war “he did not give forgiveness to the unarmed.”
Pawns
At the end of the journey, the wanderer entered one of the huts, wanting to have lunch. Seeing that the guest was putting sugar in his coffee, the poor peasant woman asked to give some of this delicacy to the child. They got to talking, and the unfortunate woman began to lament that the bread they were eating consisted of three-quarters chaff and one part unsowed flour. The traveler was struck by the extremely poor furnishings of the woman’s home: walls covered with soot, a wooden cup and mugs called plates. Alas, those whose sweat and blood earned the boyars white bread lived in such poverty. The hero of the story is outraged by what is happening and says that their atrocities are seen by the Fair Heavenly Judge, who is impartial.
Black mud
And finally, the traveler witnessed a wedding, but a very unusual one, because those getting married were very sad and joyless. Why did this happen? Why were the newlyweds, although they hated each other, forced to enter into an alliance? Because this was done not according to their will, but at the whim of the same nobles.
A word about Lomonosov
In the very last chapter, the author talks about the significant contribution of Mikhail Lomonosov to science and culture. This brilliant man, born in poverty, was able to decisively leave home and receive the education he needed beyond its walls. “Persistent diligence in learning languages made Lomonosov a fellow citizen of Athens and Rome...” And such diligence was generously rewarded.
“Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow” - A. N. Radishchev. Brief summary
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