It has always raised many questions, despite the fact that there is nothing complicated in such an action as painting a ceiling. As a rule, in this type of repair work there are common mistakes that can affect the condition and appearance of the ceiling.

It is possible to paint the ceiling evenly using a roller.

Painting problems and their solutions

The most common problem with painting any ceiling can be considered the appearance of dark spots that become noticeable after the paint composition has dried. Some inexperienced craftsmen try to fix this problem by repainting, but this does not give much results.

You are faced with the question, am I painting the ceiling correctly?

Do not think that such stains appear due to changing the roller or container with the emulsion - it absolutely does not matter.

Rising closer to the ceiling, you will notice that such spots do not differ in color tone, but it is the texture of the ceiling itself that differs in different places, which need to be painted evenly. In some places, with the right lighting, it looks like the ceiling was painted with a different solution.

Such unpleasant features can only be avoided if the master follows all painting technology. This technology implies a complete understanding of the painting process, which will require not only making the right choice of paint, but also using the roller itself correctly.

The main material when painting any ceiling is paint, the choice of which determines the final result of the repair work.

To paint the ceiling, it is better to use rollers with long pile.

You can choose any type of coloring composition, excluding only the most suspicious options that may turn out to be fake. As a rule, white water-based paint is used for the ceiling. Please note that it is on white ceilings that the described stains are most often visible.

Foam rollers, which are intended for completely different jobs, are considered extremely common, but of rather poor quality. Choosing such a tool will lead to the fact that the roller will leave unpainted, blurry areas where the paint can bubble. Such rollers should not be used for painting work.

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The correct technology for painting a ceiling structure

The most important emphasis is on covering the rough ceiling with a layer of paint that is completely uniform. As a rule, achieving such uniformity of the coloring composition is quite difficult. Do not ignore the instructions on the back of a can or bucket of paint - these are the proportions in which the purchased product should be diluted. Water-based paint is diluted by adding 5 to 10 percent clean water to the primary composition.

It is best to mix the paint using a small mixer equipped with an electric drill.

Some paints are sold already diluted, which can be seen in the instructions. This coloring composition is quite simple to mix correctly and efficiently. It is best to mix the paint in a purchased container using a small mixer equipped with an electric drill.

Now you can move on to using the roller correctly.

Many novice repairmen make the same mistake from the first steps of painting: dipping the roller directly into the bucket of paint. In this case, the paint is applied only to one side of the roller, which negatively affects the quality of the work.

In order for the ceiling to be evenly covered with a layer of paint, the roller must be rolled over a special trough into which a small amount of paint is poured.

The tray has a ribbed plane that allows you to cover the roller with paint on all sides and squeeze out the excess.

This trough has a ribbed plane, which allows you to cover the roller with paint on all sides and squeeze out the excess part of the paint composition. In order to evenly cover the roller with paint, you can practice on any unnecessary surface, which will make the result better. For this you can even use an unnecessary piece of plasterboard sheet.

After the master has learned how to properly coat a fleecy roller with paint, you can begin painting work. For high-quality painting of the ceiling structure with a roller, it is necessary to apply the paint to the ceiling extremely quickly. The more unnecessary movements you make with the roller, the more uneven the applied layer will be. As a rule, the ceiling must be coated with the first layer of paint in no longer than 15 minutes.

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Gaps and uneven coloring

Poor quality painting of a ceiling structure can result from missing or applying several layers of paint to the same area of ​​the ceiling. The master begins to paint the prepared ceiling, not noticing those places that were poorly painted. This is not surprising, because he is looking at the ceiling at a right angle. Experienced painters step down a little from the stepladder, which allows them to notice poorly painted areas.

To avoid stains from appearing after drying, it is necessary to apply an even and homogeneous layer of paint to the ceiling.

To avoid such mistakes, it is necessary to start painting work with an assistant, who will notice all the shortcomings from below, warning the painter. This will allow you to apply an even and homogeneous layer of paint to the ceiling to avoid stains appearing after the paint has dried. Please note that one coat of paint is not enough to paint the ceiling. This is especially true for light shades, which may require 3-4 layers of coloring composition.

Here we should not forget that each finished layer of paint must dry properly and efficiently. Otherwise, the paint will stick to the pile of the roller, which will only harm the ceiling structure and its appearance. In order for the paint to dry properly, it needs to dry for at least 10 hours. This result can be achieved if you paint after lunch, and by the next morning the painted ceiling will have time to dry.

Cross-painting will help avoid mistakes when painting the ceiling.

Often, inexperienced craftsmen try to paint over bad spots with a roller exactly in those places where there are defects. You cannot make such a mistake; it will only make the mistake worse. It is necessary to cover the ceiling with a second layer over the entire plane, using a coloring composition of a more liquid consistency. In cases where painting the ceiling structure with a roller has resulted in stains appearing, it is necessary to redo the entire job.

First of all, you need to clean the ceiling with a special grout mesh, and then sweep away most of the dust. Using a roller and primer, you need to prime the ceiling structure and let it dry. After this you need to start painting again. You cannot use the same roller for painting that was used to apply the primer to the ceiling.

You will need

• - putty;
• - primer;
• - dye;
• - putty knife;
• - cuvette (bath);
• - brush;
• - rollers;
• - stepladder.

Instructions

Choose a paint. There are several types of water-based paint alone, which is mainly used for painting the ceiling. These are acrylic, silicone, mineral and silicate. Each of them has its own advantages. There is also a division into glossy, semi-gloss and matte paints, depending on the effect created. Your choice depends on the type of room and the specific operating conditions of this room. So, silicone paint is best suited for the bathroom.

Clear the room in which you are going to paint the ceiling from furniture and foreign objects. If this happens and the room has already been renovated, cover the floor with a special film. Apply masking tape to the walls around the entire perimeter.

Prepare the surface for painting. It is necessary to get rid of any defects, since paint will not only not hide some of them, but will even emphasize them. The stage of preparing the ceiling for painting is the most important component of the entire process, so take it seriously.

Remove old paint/whitewash/tiles/wallpaper from the ceiling. Clean and thoroughly putty the entire surface. After the putty has completely dried, prime the ceiling with a deep penetration primer recommended by the paint manufacturer. Also let it dry according to the instructions for use.

Take a cuvette and pour a small amount of paint into it. Use a brush to paint all corners and other areas that cannot be touched with a roller. Swap the brush for a roller. Roll it along the ditch until it is evenly saturated with paint. parallel stripes. Offset each subsequent strip by 2/3 of the width of the roller you are using. A special feature of working with water-based paint is the speed of its application. Work as quickly as possible, but without forgetting about accuracy.

Carefully inspect the ceiling and evaluate the result. If any defects are found, correct them. Leave the ceiling to dry, on average this will take about 12 hours. You can find out a more accurate time by reading the instructions for the paint and assessing the situation around you (air temperature, humidity, etc.).

Start applying the second coat of paint when the first is completely dry. Move the roller perpendicular to the direction you chose when applying the first layer. If two coats were not enough, paint the ceiling a third time, moving perpendicular to the second coat. Please note that the final coat of paint must be applied parallel to the direction of the light entering the room. Most often, the source of this light is a window. It is also better to use a new roller to apply the finishing layer.

From 1936 to 1938, more than 300 incidents were noted on the Soviet-Japanese border, the most famous of which occurred at the junction of the borders of the USSR, Manchuria and Korea at Lake Khasan in July-August 1938.

At the origins of the conflict

The conflict in the Lake Khasan area was caused by a number of both foreign policy factors and very difficult relations within the ruling elite of Japan. An important detail was the rivalry within the Japanese military-political machine itself, when funds were distributed to strengthen the army, and the presence of even an imaginary military threat could give the command of the Japanese Korean Army a good opportunity to remind itself, given that the priority at that time was the operations of Japanese troops in China, which never brought the desired result.

Another headache for Tokyo was the military aid flowing from the USSR to China. In this case, it was possible to exert military and political pressure by organizing a large-scale military provocation with a visible external effect. All that remained was to find a weak spot on the Soviet border, where an invasion could be successfully carried out and the combat effectiveness of the Soviet troops could be tested. And such an area was found 35 km from Vladivostok.

And while on the Japanese side the border was approached by a railroad and several highways, on the Soviet side there was only one dirt road. . It is noteworthy that until 1938, this area, where there really was no clear boundary marking, was of no interest to anyone, and suddenly in July 1938, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs actively took up this problem.

After the refusal of the Soviet side to withdraw troops and the incident with the death of a Japanese gendarme, shot by a Soviet border guard in the disputed area, tension began to increase day by day.

On July 29, the Japanese launched an attack on the Soviet border post, but after a hot battle they were driven back. On the evening of July 31, the attack was repeated, and here the Japanese troops already managed to wedge 4 kilometers deep into Soviet territory. The first attempts to drive out the Japanese with the 40th Infantry Division were unsuccessful. However, everything was not going well for the Japanese either - every day the conflict grew, threatening to escalate into a big war, for which Japan, stuck in China, was not ready.

Richard Sorge reported to Moscow: “The Japanese General Staff is interested in a war with the USSR not now, but later. Active actions on the border were taken by the Japanese to show the Soviet Union that Japan was still capable of demonstrating its power."

Meanwhile, in difficult off-road conditions and poor readiness of individual units, the concentration of forces of the 39th Rifle Corps continued. With great difficulty, they managed to gather 15 thousand people, 1014 machine guns, 237 guns, and 285 tanks in the combat area. In total, the 39th Rifle Corps consisted of up to 32 thousand people, 609 guns and 345 tanks. 250 aircraft were sent to provide air support.

Hostages of provocation

If in the first days of the conflict, due to poor visibility and, apparently, the hope that the conflict could still be resolved diplomatically, Soviet aviation was not used, then starting from August 5, Japanese positions were subjected to massive air strikes.

Aviation, including TB-3 heavy bombers, was brought in to destroy Japanese fortifications. The fighters carried out a series of assault strikes on Japanese troops. Moreover, the targets of Soviet aviation were located not only on the captured hills, but also deep in Korean territory.

It was later noted: “To defeat the Japanese infantry in the enemy’s trenches and artillery, high-explosive bombs were mainly used - 50, 82 and 100 kg, a total of 3,651 bombs were dropped. 6 pieces of high-explosive bombs 1000 kg on the battlefield 08/06/38. were used solely for the purpose of moral influence on the enemy infantry, and these bombs were dropped into the enemy infantry areas after these areas had been thoroughly hit by groups of SB-bombs FAB-50 and 100. The enemy infantry rushed about in the defensive zone, not finding cover, since almost the entire main line of their defense was covered with heavy fire from the explosions of bombs from our aircraft. 6 bombs of 1000 kg, dropped during this period in the area of ​​​​the Zaozernaya height, shook the air with strong explosions, the roar of these bombs exploding across the valleys and mountains of Korea was heard tens of kilometers away. After the explosion of 1000 kg of bombs, the Zaozernaya height was covered with smoke and dust for several minutes. It must be assumed that in those areas where these bombs were dropped, the Japanese infantry were 100% incapacitated from shell shock and stones thrown out of the craters by the explosion of the bombs.”

Having completed 1003 sorties, Soviet aviation lost two aircraft - one SB and one I-15. The Japanese, having no more than 18-20 anti-aircraft guns in the conflict area, could not provide serious resistance. And throwing your own aviation into battle meant starting a large-scale war, for which neither the command of the Korean Army nor Tokyo were ready. From this moment on, the Japanese side began to frantically search for a way out of the current situation, which required both saving face and stopping hostilities, which no longer promised anything good for the Japanese infantry.

Denouement

The denouement came when Soviet troops launched a new offensive on August 8, having overwhelming military-technical superiority. The attack by tanks and infantry was carried out based on military expediency and without taking into account compliance with the border. As a result, Soviet troops managed to capture Bezymyannaya and a number of other heights, and also gain a foothold near the top of Zaozernaya, where the Soviet flag was hoisted.

On August 10, the chief of staff of the 19th telegraphed the chief of staff of the Korean Army: “Every day the combat effectiveness of the division is declining. The enemy suffered great damage. He is using new methods of combat and increasing artillery fire. If this continues, there is a danger that the fighting will escalate into even more fierce battles. Within one to three days it is necessary to decide on the division’s further actions... Until now, Japanese troops have already demonstrated their power to the enemy, and therefore, while it is still possible, it is necessary to take measures to resolve the conflict diplomatically.”

On the same day, armistice negotiations began in Moscow and at noon on August 11, hostilities were stopped. Strategically and politically, the Japanese test of strength, and by and large, the military adventure ended in failure. Not being prepared for a major war with the USSR, the Japanese units in the Khasan area found themselves hostage to the created situation, when further expansion of the conflict was impossible, and it was also impossible to retreat while preserving the prestige of the army.

The Hassan conflict did not lead to a reduction in USSR military assistance to China. At the same time, the battles on Khasan revealed a number of weaknesses of both the troops of both the Far Eastern Military District and the Red Army as a whole. The Soviet troops apparently suffered even greater losses than the enemy; at the initial stage of the fighting, the interaction between the infantry, tank units and artillery turned out to be weak. The reconnaissance was not at a high level, unable to reveal the enemy’s positions.

The losses of the Red Army amounted to 759 people killed, 100 people died in hospitals, 95 people missing and 6 people killed in accidents. 2752 people was injured or sick (dysentery and colds). The Japanese admitted the loss to 650 killed and 2,500 wounded. At the same time, the battles on Khasan were far from the last military clash between the USSR and Japan in the Far East. Less than a year later, an undeclared war began in Mongolia on Khalkhin Gol, where, however, the forces of the Japanese Kwantung Army, rather than the Korean ones, would be involved.

Khasan events were and remain an important episode of the Soviet-Japanese confrontation. However, few people think about the reasons for the Japanese attack on the Far Eastern outposts, and hardly anyone asks themselves the question: was Japan really ready to get involved in a war with a powerful state because of a couple of hills, even if they dominated the area? However, the fact remains: at the end of July 1938, Japanese troops attacked many times superior Soviet forces, after which the conflict on Lake Khasan.

Sergey Shumakov,

military historian, candidate of historical sciences,

editor-in-chief of the portal

In 1931, China, suffering from political turmoil and torn by infighting among regional military leaders, fell victim to Japanese aggression. Using as a pretext the so-called Manchurian incident, when the Japanese lieutenant Suemori Komoto, on instructions from his own command, blew up the railway track at South Manchurian Railway , the Japanese occupied all of Manchuria from September 18, 1931 to February 27, 1932, and the troops of the military governor of Liaoning Province, 30-year-old General Zhang Zulin, retreated to Zhehe Province, but in 1933 the Japanese drove them out from there.
In the occupied territories, the Japanese proclaimed the state of Manchukuo on March 9, 1932, at the head of which they installed the former Chinese emperor Aisin Gyoro Pu Yi. However, the commander of the Kwantung Army was also the Japanese ambassador to Manchukuo and had the right to veto the decisions of the emperor. Having learned about the accession of the rightful emperor, most of the military personnel of Zhang Zuolin's army defected to the Japanese and enlisted in the army of the new state formation. Even earlier, on September 23, General Xi Qia, the governor of Jilin Province, went over to the Japanese side, diligently helping the enemy in conquering his native land.
Almost immediately after the occupation of Manchuria, the Japanese tried to probe the guards of our border with a bayonet. In February 1934, five Japanese soldiers crossed the border line. in a clash with a squad of border guards, one of the violators was mauled to death by a dog, and four were taken prisoner wounded. On March 22, 1934, while trying to conduct reconnaissance at the Emelyantsev outpost site, an officer and a soldier of the Japanese army were shot. In April 1934, Japanese soldiers attempted to capture the Lysaya heights in the area of ​​the Grodekovsky border detachment; at the same time, the Poltavka outpost was attacked, but the border guards, with the support of an artillery company, repelled the attack and drove the enemy beyond the border line.

On January 30, 1936, two Japanese-Manchurian companies crossed the border at Meshcheryakovaya Pad and entered 1.5 km into USSR territory before being pushed back by border guards. Losses amounted to 31 Manchu soldiers and Japanese officers killed and 23 wounded, as well as 4 killed and several wounded Soviet border guards. On November 24, 1936, a cavalry and foot detachment of 60 Japanese crossed the border in the Grodekovo area, but came under machine gun fire and retreated, losing 18 soldiers killed and 7 wounded, 8 corpses remained on Soviet territory.
Subsequently, border violations occurred several times a year, but they did not lead to open hostilities.

Soldiers of the Manchukuo Army

However, in 1938 the situation in Europe sharply worsened. After the successful Anschluss of Austria, the Germans turned their attention to Czechoslovakia. France and the Soviet Union declare their support for Czechoslovakia. The fact is that back on May 16, 1935, a Soviet-Czechoslovak treaty was signed, according to which we pledged to stand up for Czechoslovakia in the event of an attack on it by any European country. Then, in 1935, this country meant Poland, which laid claim to Cieszyn Silesia. However, even in 1938, the USSR was not going to renounce its obligations, as was stated. True, France soon abandoned its support - the new Prime Minister of France, Edouard Daladier, who replaced Leon Blum in this post, moved away from the policy of collective security proclaimed by his predecessor.
On the eve of the elections held on May 22, 1938, the Sudeten German party started riots in the Sudetenland. The Wehrmacht is pulling troops to the border. At the German OKW headquarters, by May 20, a draft directive “Grun” was prepared - a plan for military operations against Czechoslovakia. In response to this, Czechoslovak President Benes sends troops into the Sudetenland. There is a mobilization of two ages of reservists. The Sudetenland crisis begins.
The Germans are still afraid of everyone. They do not yet know that the Czechs will surrender the country without firing a shot, that the British and French will not only not interfere with them, but will even help them. But most of all they are afraid that Budyonny’s cavalry, supported by large tank formations, will burst into the vastness of Europe.
The chief of staff of the ground forces, General Beck, dissuades the Fuhrer from a military invasion, but he himself receives his resignation. Halder, who replaced him, verbally agrees with the Fuhrer, but secretly prepares an assassination attempt on him. Of course, the Germans are reassured by the fact that Poland is going to declare war on the Russians if they help the Czechs, but the Germans understand that the Red Army is no longer the same as in 1920, and Poland will crumble from the very first Soviet blows. Moreover, the Germans understand that such a turn of events is very beneficial for the Russians - they will have a legitimate reason to deal with Poland and take revenge on it for the shame of 2020.
And then the Germans, through the military attaché in Berlin, Baron Hiroshi Oshima, who later became the Japanese ambassador, turned to the Japanese with a request to create tension on the Soviet-Manchurian border. This, firstly, will force the Russians to draw their best troops to the Far East, and secondly, it will show them that if they get involved in a war in Europe, they will face a war on two fronts.

Ribbentrop, Hitler and the Japanese ambassador Saburo Kurusu conspire to act together.

Using the encryption machine 九七式印字機, better known under the American name Purple, on June 17, 1938, this request is transmitted to Tokyo, and already on the 21st, on the way from home to the embassy, ​​the Charge d'Affaires of the USSR in Japan, Konstantin Aleksandrovich Smetanin, sees all the way on their way, posters with the inscription: “Be prepared for the inevitable Japanese-Soviet war!”
The impudence of the Japanese was not backed up by serious military force - because of the war in China, Japan could allocate only 9 divisions for the war with us. We, however, did not know about this, believing that the Japanese had much greater strength, but the Japanese could not have known about our superiority. The fact is that just at this time, on June 13, 1938, the NKVD Plenipotentiary Representative for the Far East, 3rd Rank State Security Commissioner Genrikh Samuilovich Lyushkov, ran over to the Japanese. From him they learned the exact number and condition of Soviet troops in the Far East. Based on the data received from Lyushkov, the fifth department of the General Staff came to the conclusion that the Soviet Union could use up to 28 rifle divisions against Japan under normal conditions, and if necessary, concentrate from 31 to 58 divisions, and instead of a large-scale conflict, they decided to limit themselves to a major provocation .
In all likelihood, the contents of Oshima’s encrypted telegram did not remain a secret to our intelligence, and on July 1, 1938, the Special Red Banner Far Eastern Army, urgently replenished with 105,800 personnel, was transformed into the Red Banner Far Eastern Front.
July 3 to height of Zaozernaya, on which there was a border detachment of two Red Army soldiers, advanced near a company of Japanese infantrymen. Following an alarm signal, a group of border guards led by Lieutenant Pyotr Tereshkin arrived from the outpost.

The Japanese turned into a chain and, with rifles at the ready, as if in an attack, moved towards the height. Not reaching 50 meters to the top of Zaozernaya, along which the border line ran, the Japanese chain, on the orders of the officers who walked with naked sabers in their hands, stopped and lay down. Having failed to draw fire from the border guards, in the evening the company retreated to the Korean village of Homoku, on the outskirts of which the Japanese began to defiantly dig trenches. On July 10, the Soviet reserve border outpost secretly advances to the Zaozernaya height, and at its top the construction of trenches and wire fences begins.
On the evening of July 15, the head of the engineering service of the Posyet border detachment, Lieutenant Vasily Vinevitin, uses a rifle shot to kill the Japanese gendarme Shakuni Matsushima, who deliberately stepped one foot beyond the state border line.
A few days later, Vinevitin will be killed by our sentry, giving the wrong password.
On July 18, a massive violation of the border section of the Posyet border detachment began. The violators were unarmed Japanese postmen, each of whom had a letter to the Soviet authorities demanding to “cleanse” Manchurian territory, and on the 20th, the Japanese ambassador in Moscow Mamoru Shigemitsu, at a reception with People’s Commissar for Foreign Affairs Litvinov, on behalf of his government, presented an ultimatum territorial claims to the USSR. The object of the claims was the height Zaozernaya
. On July 22, the Soviet government sent a note to the Japanese, in which these demands were rejected. The object of the claims was the height July 28 height their machine guns were fired upon, and on July 29, the Japanese, with the help of a gendarmerie company, stormed the heights Nameless
. The hill was defended by 11 border guards. Four of them, including the squad leader, were killed, but when a platoon from the nearby Pekshekori outpost arrived to help the defenders, the Japanese retreated. On the evening of July 30, Japanese artillery shelled the tops of the hills Zaozernaya And, trying to destroy the border guards' trenches and barbed wire barriers, and at about 2 a.m., under the cover of the darkness of the night, Japanese infantry with up to two regiments began an attack on these border heights.
The battle continued until the evening, and by the end of the day both hills were in the hands of the Japanese. Of the 94 border guards who defended the hills The object of the claims was the height And And, 13 people were killed and 70 wounded.

Political studies in the 40th Infantry Division
At the occupied heights, the Japanese began to dig trenches and install machine gun points. A hastily prepared counterattack with two battalions of the 119th Infantry Regiment was unsuccessful. We could have dealt with the presumptuous enemy much faster if we had violated the border and captured the trenches, bypassing them through Manchurian territory. But ours, following the orders of the command, acted only within their territory. Advancing uphill through open terrain without artillery support (the command was afraid that some shell would hit the adjacent territory), our troops suffered significant losses. In addition, during the battles it turned out that, unlike the well-trained border guards who were part of the NKVD system, the soldiers of the rifle units practically did not know how to shoot, and grenades RGD-33 turned out to be unused, since the fighters did not know how to handle them.
We had to bring up tanks and artillery. Aviation was also involved.
The Japanese also strengthened their positions. On August 5, defense on the hills The object of the claims was the height Zaozernaya And held, having in the immediate rear troops of the second echelon, the 19th Infantry Division, an infantry brigade, two artillery regiments and separate reinforcement units, including three machine-gun battalions, with a total number of up to 20 thousand people. I call these formations the troops of the Kwantung Army. In fact, they were not part of the Kwantung Army, but belonged to the contingent of Japanese troops in Korea.

Soviet air strike on Japanese positions

These days the first case of combat use occurred. At 16:00 on August 6, 180 bombers (60 and 120 SB) dropped 1,592 aerial bombs weighing 122 tons on the enemy. The fighters covering the bombers fired 37,985 machine-gun rounds at Japanese positions. After an air raid on the heights and places of supposed concentration of Japanese reserves, a 45-minute artillery fire raid was carried out. At 16.55, a general attack began by the Zaozernaya and Nameless infantry, supported by the tank battalions of the 2nd mechanized brigade.

ABOUT At the same time as the start of aviation training, the 3rd tank battalion of the 2nd mechanized brigade, supporting the 95th and 96th rifle regiments, received a signal to attack. The battalion, which included 6 tanks, moved from its initial positions to the front line of the enemy’s defense BT-5 Zaozernaya BT-7, began quickly, in three columns, according to the number of crossings made by sappers across the stream southwest of Novoselka. However, due to the viscosity of the soil, the speed of the BTs dropped to 3 km/h, while they were subjected to heavy enemy artillery fire. The effectiveness of artillery and aviation preparations was low, and the Japanese artillery was not suppressed.

Of the 43 tanks that took part in the attack, only 10 reached the front line of the enemy’s defense. The rest were stuck at the crossings or were hit by enemy artillery fire. Having lost most of the tanks, the battalion was unable to ensure further advance of our infantry. So the attempt of the 32nd SD to master the altitude Nameless August 6 failed. With the onset of darkness, having lost 10 tanks only from artillery fire, the 3rd tank battalion of the 2nd mechanized brigade was withdrawn to the area of ​​​​the northeastern slopes of the height located between height Unnamed Zaozernaya Lake Khasan.
On the left flank of the 39th IC, a tank company of the reconnaissance battalion of the 2nd Mechanized Brigade operated, which at 16.50 on August 6, 19 tanks BT-5 And BT-7 attacked the enemy. The company, using the high maneuverability of BT tanks, began the attack at high speed, but having reached the ravine between the heights of Machine Gun Hill and The object of the claims was the height, was forced to slow down the pace of the attack, and then stop altogether. Only two BT-5 managed to overcome the swampy ravine and break through to the heights The object of the claims was the height. The remaining tanks were simply stuck in the swamp.

At 16.55 the signal was given to the 2nd Tank Battalion of the 2nd Mechanized Brigade to attack. The battalion began its attack in three echelons. Having reached the front line of the enemy's defense, the battalion began to quickly move forward, destroying enemy infantry and anti-tank defenses. However, due to the large swampiness of the area, the pace of the attack decreased sharply. By 17.20, half of the tanks participating in the attack were stuck on the approaches to the height of Machine Gun Hill. Many of them were hit by anti-tank guns mounted on high ground. The BT tanks of the commander, commissar and chief of staff of the battalion, as well as the tanks of two company commanders, were among the first to be hit, since they had handrail antennas and stood out sharply from the total mass of tanks. The control of the battalion was disrupted, the surviving tanks stopped and began to fire from their spot along the height of Machine-Gun Hill. Battalion Commander Captain Menshov He sent some of the surviving tanks to this height with the task of destroying firing points that were hindering the advance of the 120th Infantry Regiment. 12 tanks, together with infantry of the 118th and 119th regiments, attacked the height The object of the claims was the height. The tanks attacking the Machine Gun Hill height were unable to overcome its steep rocky slopes. Height Attack The object of the claims was the height was more successful: 7 tanks reached its south-eastern slopes and by 22.00 on August 6, together with the infantry of the 118th and 119th regiments, captured the height The object of the claims was the height.
The Japanese not only defended themselves, but also launched fierce counterattacks. On August 7 alone, they counterattacked 13 times, and a 200-meter section of our territory in the Zaozernaya area was in Japanese hands until August 9.
Finally, the Japanese, defeated by Soviet troops, requested a truce on August 11. On the same day at 12.00 local time, hostilities ceased. Our territory has been completely cleared and the border has been restored.

On the 13th, an exchange of corpses took place. The Japanese General Staff report stated that the Japanese lost 526 killed and 913 wounded. They estimated our losses at 792 killed and 3,279 wounded. In the order of the People's Commissar of Defense Voroshilov, based on the results Khasan events the figure was given as 408 killed and 2807 wounded.
From his failure in conflict on Lake Khasan The Japanese did not learn any lessons, and the next year, with exactly the same goals - to attract more Soviet troops on the eve of the upcoming Polish campaign - and exactly under the same pretext - a minor change in the existing border - the Japanese launched a larger-scale conflict on the river.

Relations between the USSR and Japan in 1938 cannot be called friendly even with the greatest stretch.

As a result of the intervention against China, the pseudo-state of Manchukuo, controlled from Tokyo, was created on part of its territory, namely in Manchuria. Since January, Soviet military specialists have taken part in hostilities on the side of the Celestial Army. The latest equipment (tanks, airplanes, air defense artillery systems) was shipped to the ports of Hong Kong and Shanghai. This was not hidden.

By the time the conflict arose on Lake Khasan, Soviet pilots and the Chinese colleagues they trained had already destroyed dozens of Japanese aircraft in the air, carried out a number of bomb attacks on airfields, and they also sank the aircraft carrier Yamato in March.

A situation had matured in which the Japanese leadership, striving for expansion of the empire, was interested in testing the strength of the ground forces of the USSR. The Soviet government, confident in its capabilities, behaved no less decisively.

The conflict at Lake Khasan has its own background. On June 13, Genrikh Samuilovich Lyushkov, the plenipotentiary representative of the NKVD, who oversaw intelligence work in the Far East, secretly crossed the Manchurian border. Having gone over to the side of the Japanese, he revealed many secrets to them. He had something to talk about...

The conflict did not begin with the seemingly insignificant fact of reconnaissance of Japanese topographic units. Any officer knows that drawing up detailed maps precedes an offensive operation, and this is what special units of the potential enemy were doing on the two border hills of Zaozernaya and Bezymyannaya, near which the lake is located. On July 12, a small detachment of Soviet border guards occupied the heights and dug in on them.

It is possible that these actions would not have entailed an armed conflict at Lake Khasan, but there is an assumption that it was the traitor Lyushkov who convinced the Japanese command of the weakness of the Soviet defense, otherwise it is difficult to explain the further actions of the aggressors.

On July 15, a Soviet officer shoots at a Japanese gendarme, who clearly provoked him to this act, and kills him. Then postmen begin to violate the border with letters demanding that they leave the high-rise buildings. These actions were not successful. Then, on July 20, 1938, the Japanese Ambassador in Moscow presented People's Minister Litvinov with an ultimatum, which had approximately the same effect as the aforementioned mailings.

On July 29, the conflict began on Lake Khasan. Japanese gendarmes went to storm the Zaozernaya and Bezymyannaya heights. There were few of them, just a company, but there were only eleven border guards, four of them died. A platoon of Soviet soldiers rushed to the rescue. The attack was repulsed.

Further - more, the conflict at Lake Khasan was gaining momentum. The Japanese used artillery, then captured the hills with the forces of two regiments. An attempt to knock them out immediately was unsuccessful. Moscow demanded that the heights be destroyed along with the aggressor's troops.

TB-3 heavy bombers were launched into the air and dropped more than 120 tons of bombs on enemy fortifications. The Soviet troops had such a noticeable technical advantage that the Japanese simply had no chance of success. The BT-5 and BT-7 tanks turned out to be not very effective on swampy ground, but the enemy did not have these either.

On August 6, the conflict on Lake Khasan ended with the complete victory of the Red Army. Stalin drew from it the conclusion about the weak organizational qualities of the OKDVA commander V.K. Blucher. For the latter it ended badly.

The Japanese command did not draw any conclusions, apparently believing that the reason for the defeat was only the quantitative superiority of the Red Army. Ahead was Khalkhin Gol.