Countries by number of HIV infected. Official statistics of HIV and AIDS in Russia (latest data)

AIDS , full name according to medical terminology “Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome”) is a painful condition that progresses when the human body is damaged by an incurable disease caused by pathogenic retroviruses of the lentovirus genus. The birthplace of HIV is considered to be Central Africa, where similar viruses were discovered in the blood of chimpanzees. The first cases of HIV infection were reported in the United States in 1981. This is how the statistics of AIDS patients was born.

Further, the disease began to gradually spread throughout the world and already in 1987 reached the vast expanses of the USSR. The first case was a man who had worked as a translator in African countries for a long time. Today this disease poses a real threat to humanity. The official statistics of AIDS patients is disappointing, despite all the measures taken, and forces medicine to look for new methods of combating the dangerous disease.

Causes of the disease

AIDS itself is not a disease. It is only a consequence of the action of HIV, which manifests itself in the weakening of the basic functions of organs and, as a result, a high susceptibility of all systems of the human body to varying severity. Despite medical advances, HIV/AIDS treatment remains the cornerstone of the industry. It has not yet been possible to destroy the virus that causes the infection; only drugs have been developed that can slightly suppress the pathogen and reduce its activity in weakening the immune system. The main culprit of AIDS enters the body in several ways:

1. Through seminal fluid having sexual intercourse with an infected person without using a condom.
2. When injecting drugs needles previously used by HIV patients.
3. When transfusing virus-infected donor blood

In addition, there is a risk of infection of the child from the mother through placental tissue and. As statistics of AIDS patients show, the probability of such infection is 12–13%. The infection is not transmitted through saliva during kissing or friendly handshakes.

The disease is detected in the early stages using various methods of blood testing in medical institutions and specialized centers - an HIV-positive result of such tests indicates the presence of the pathogen in the body and transfers the person to the rank of infected.

The plague of our time

AIDS is one of the global problems of humanity. Statistics of AIDS patients in the world show that as of 2016, there were more than 40 million people infected with HIV. The disease is most widespread in African countries:

1. Zambia – 1.2 million
2. Kenya – 1.4 million
3. Tanzania – 1.5 million
4. Uganda – 1.3 million
5. Mozambique – 1.5 million
6. Zimbabwe – 1.6 million
7. Nigeria – 3.4 million

South Africa ranks first in terms of HIV incidence in the world. Here, about 6.3 million people are infected with the deadly virus. This situation is associated with a low standard of living, developed prostitution, and lack of education of the population in matters of disease prevention.

In Asian countries, India ranks first in the number of HIV-infected people. According to official data, 2 million people are affected by the disease.

In Europe Of the 2.5 million infected, the majority (more than 1.0 million people) of patients are in Russia. The quantitative ratio of ways of contracting the disease varies quite widely across countries. In European countries, the majority of people infected with HIV are among homosexuals who became infected through unprotected sex. In third world countries, the main route of spread of the disease is through sexual contact between heterosexual men and HIV-infected prostitutes. In the vastness of the former USSR, an ambiguous situation with HIV incidence has developed in two neighboring countries - Russia and Ukraine.

Center for the AIDS epidemic in Europe

Russia is the most unfavorable region of the Eurasian continent for the spread of HIV. At the end of 2016, according to statistics, there were 1,114,815 people with AIDS in Russia, of which 223,863 people died, of which 30,550 people died in 2016 (almost 11% more than in the previous year 2015). The average age of people infected with HIV is:

• from 20–30 years old – 23.3% of the total;
• from 30 to 40 years – 49.6%;
• from 40–50 – 19.9%.

The majority (53%) became infected while injecting drugs through unsterile, contaminated needles. 2016 was marked by another increase in the incidence of HIV in Russia - during the period from January to December, the disease was detected in 103,438 people, which is 5.3% higher than in 2015. By region, the most unfavorable regions for the spread of HIV are the following regions:

1. Irkutsk.
2. Samara.
3. Sverdlovskaya.
4. Kemerovo.
5. Tyumen
6. Chelyabinskaya.

The HIV incidence rate for 2016 in these regions is several times higher than the national average. Data for these areas is shown in the table below. Regions of Russia with high HIV incidence rates in 2016:

By city high incidence rates are observed in Yekaterinburg, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Samara, Krasnoyarsk. In Yekaterinburg, every 50 residents are HIV-infected.

Statistics of AIDS patients (HIV) in Russia indicate that in the future the situation will be very difficult and its solution depends on how effective measures the state takes to combat this disease.

AIDS in Ukraine

The situation in Ukraine regarding the level of HIV/AIDS infection is also very difficult. The official statistics of AIDS patients in Ukraine during the spread of the disease in the post-Soviet space is as follows:

• since 1987, 295,603 people have been infected with HIV;
• as of 2016, 41,115 people had died.

The most affected areas are the following:

1. Dnepropetrovsk.
2. Kyiv.
3. Donetsk.
4. Odessa.
5. Nikolaevskaya.

The statistics of AIDS patients here exceeds the national average by 1.5–2 times. The level of infected people in Kyiv is also high. The main route of transmission of the virus is unprotected sexual relations - more than 57% of all cases. Taking into account the increase in the number of patients in 2013–2015, the forecast for the incidence of HIV/AIDS in Ukraine for 2017 is disappointing. If last year's trend continues, the number of patients will increase by another 15–17 thousand people.

AIDS patient statistics both in individual countries and in the world it is progressing inexorably. It is difficult to predict how many AIDS patients will appear by the end of this year. Until a cure for HIV is found, the virus continues to advance.

The immunodeficiency virus was first identified by scientists in 1983. It was then that the etiological cause of the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was established. However, the attention of specialists is still focused on such a dangerous disease as HIV. Statistics show that it is constantly becoming more common. And the saddest thing is that in modern medicine there are no effective methods for treating pathology.

Basic statistics of HIV-infected people

The disease is constantly progressing and spreading throughout the population. This is officially confirmed by statistics on the incidence of HIV and AIDS. According to the latest data from scientists, today the number of people infected with HIV reaches 40 million people. Of these, 37.5% contracted the infection in the last 2 years, which is about 15 million.

At the same time, the pathology is constantly progressing, new strains of the pathogen appear as a result of modification. This greatly complicates the process of treating patients.

Infection with a retrovirus occurs more often through sexual contact or through the use of unsterile needles, which is often observed among drug addicts. The number of HIV-infected people is constantly increasing, and in order to slow down the progression of the disease, experts strongly recommend periodic testing for AIDS. Early detection allows you to prescribe full-fledged antiretroviral therapy. According to statistics, only 9.5 million HIV (AIDS) patients receive quality treatment, which is less than a quarter of the total number of carriers.

HIV (AIDS) statistics in Russia

In the Russian Federation, the issue of immunodeficiency is especially acutely discussed twice a year - on the Day against this disease (December 1) and in early May, when the Day of Mourning for those killed as a result of infection with a retrovirus is declared.

The statistics of HIV-infected people in Russia is constantly changing, and not for the better. In recent years, the number of infected people has increased significantly and now reaches 250 thousand people. Experts say that the problem is becoming enormous. Today, the infection is mainly transmitted through sexual and parenteral routes.

Statistics of AIDS patients in Russia confirm that the bulk of those infected are young people aged 19 to 29 years. If we take into account injection drug addicts, then of those who sought medical help, 78% of them were diagnosed with the immunodeficiency virus.

During sexual intercourse without condoms, a considerable number of patients are also infected. It is difficult to determine exactly how many people with HIV received the pathogen this way. However, statistics on HIV infection in Russia state that of the number of people infected through sexual contact, most are women. This is due to anatomical features. Women tend to have more close contact with body fluids, particularly semen. It contains a high concentration of retrovirus, which is able to penetrate the body through microcracks in the vaginal mucosa that form during sexual intercourse.

A less common method of transmission is from mother to infant. HIV transmission statistics indicate that over the entire period of the disease, more than 6 thousand cases of birth of infected babies were registered. The infants' mothers were women of fertile age.

As for the male half of the population, according to statistics in Russia, about 2% of the stronger sex is infected with AIDS. The age of patients is in the range of 23-40 years. Among them, infection occurred in the following ways:

• as a result of drug use - 53%;
• homosexual relationships - 1.5%;
• with unprotected sexual intercourse - 43%;
• boys who received the infection in the womb or during childbirth from their mother - 2.5%.

Why is HIV infection spreading so quickly? Statistics confirm that the vast majority of infected people received their “dose” of the retrovirus through a syringe. In Russia, more than half of drug addicts use potent substances by injection, which poses a huge risk, because syringes are almost always used multiple times and for several people.

Additionally, the progression of AIDS can be explained by the lack of a clear program to combat retroviral infection. At the very beginning, when AIDS began to spread in the Russian Federation, statistics showed a sharp jump - an increase in the number of cases. For several years, international associations against immunodeficiency have allocated a certain amount, which has been used to provide antiretroviral therapy to patients. When Russia was recognized as a high-income country, this assistance was withheld, and the funds allocated from the state budget became insufficient to provide quality therapy to patients.

How many HIV-infected people are there in specific regions of Russia?

The situation with the spread of immunodeficiency leaves much to be desired, however, the homogeneity of the disease is somewhat diverse - in the Russian Federation, some regions require more attention from doctors, while in others the rate of transmission of a dangerous disease does not cause concern. According to experts, the saddest situation is observed in the Irkutsk region. Here, retrovirus infection reaches 1.5% of the total population.

How many people have HIV (AIDS) and how does it become infected? More than 75% of patients in this region are infected as a result of unprotected sexual intercourse, with a certain percentage occurring in homosexual relationships. The remaining 25% experience pathology when injecting drugs; a small number occur in children born to HIV-positive mothers.

Also among the leaders in the progression of infection with immunodeficiency are the Sverdlovsk, Kemerovo regions, Perm, and Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug. The statistics of HIV infection in Russia are no more rosy in the following regions:

• Altaic;
• Tomsk;
• Kurgansky;
• Novosibirsk;
• Samara;
• Tyumen;
• Ulyanovsky;
• Tverskoy;
• Omsk;
• Murmansk;
• Orenburg;
• Chelyabinsk;
• Ivanovsky;
• Leningradsky.

How many AIDS patients are in the capital of the country can be answered more precisely. HIV statistics in Moscow at the beginning of the 21st century did not cause much concern among doctors, but this picture quickly changed in the opposite direction. In recent years, the retrovirus has begun to spread among residents of the capital by leaps and bounds. In 2016, more than 10 thousand infected people were registered. Moreover, half of them received the retrovirus through unprotected sex. 23% of those infected in this way became ill as a result of homosexual intercourse. HIV (AIDS) statistics in the regions of Russia remain unfavorable and require the adoption of certain measures to reduce the rate of spread of the disease.

The situation in the world: how quickly is AIDS spreading?

How many AIDS patients are there on the entire planet, which countries are one step away from developing an epidemic? The number of infected people varies from country to country. The most deplorable situation is observed in Africa, or more precisely in the South. The inhabitants of these regions make up only 10% of the total population of the planet. Moreover, out of the total number of HIV-infected people (about 40 million), 25 million are on this continent. These numbers are shocking.

The most unfavorable statistics of people infected with HIV (AIDS) are observed in the following countries of the world:

• South Africa - more than 5 million;
• India - 6.5 million;
• Ethiopia - more than 4 million infected;
• Nigeria - 3.6 million;
• Mozambique - almost 2 million;
• Kenya, Zimbabwe - 1.7 million infected each;
• USA - 1.3 million;
• China and Russia are about 1 million carriers of the retrovirus.

If we take into account the European continent, then approximately half of all infected people are residents of Ukraine and Russia. The main route of transmission of the virus in these countries is parenteral.

The HIV infection rate by country raises concerns for the future of humanity; analyzing the statistics, it can be argued that the massive spread is occurring in underdeveloped regions.

According to statistics, in countries infected with AIDS, the leading route of transmission is sexual and parenteral. The danger of the disease also lies in the fact that most patients do not want to believe in infection and refuse antiretroviral therapy. It can take more than 10 years from the infection to the stage of AIDS, but this indicator depends on the immune defense. In the absence of quality treatment, the disease develops much faster and leads to irreversible consequences.

Over the entire period of known immunodeficiency, more than 24 million patients died from it. At the same time, patients who received timely therapy were able to live fully for decades, no different from healthy people.

It is difficult to say exactly how many people are infected with HIV (AIDS), since the pathology is constantly spreading. However, scientists do not lose hope of finding an effective drug and finally defeating the retrovirus.

Official statistics of HIV and AIDS in Russia

At the beginning of 2017 the total number of cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens has reached 1,114,815 people(there are 36.7 million HIV-infected people in the world). Of them died for different reasons 243,863 HIV-infected according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on activities for the prevention of HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identification and treatment of HIV patients.” In December 2016, 870,952 Russians were living with a diagnosis of HIV infection. As of July 1, 2017 the number of HIV-infected people in Russia was 1 167 581 people, of which 259,156 people died for various reasons ( in the 1st half of 2017 has already died 14 631 HIV-infected people 13.6% more than in 6 months of 2016). Population attack rate Russian Federation HIV infection in 2017 amounted to 795,3 infected with HIV per 100 thousand population of Russia.

In 2016. It revealed 103 438 new cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens (excluding those identified anonymously and foreign citizens), which is 5.3% more than in 2015. Since 2005, the country has registered an increase in the number of new identified cases of HIV infection, in 2011-2016 the annual increase averaged 10%. HIV incidence rate in 2016 made up 70.6 per 100 thousand population.

In terms of the growth rate of HIV infection, Russia has taken third place after the Republic of South Africa and Nigeria.

For the 1st half of 2017 detected in Russia 52 766 HIV-infected citizens of the Russian Federation. HIV incidence rate in 1st half of 2017 made up 35,9 cases of HIV infection per 100 thousand population. The most new cases in 2017 were detected in the Kemerovo, Irkutsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tomsk, Tyumen regions, as well as in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Increasing rate of growth of new cases HIV infection in 2017(but the overall incidence of HIV infection is low) is observed in the Vologda region, Tyva, Mordovia, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Moscow, Vladimir, Tambov, Yaroslavl, Sakhalin and Kirov regions.

Growth in the total (cumulative) number of registered cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens from 1987 to 2016.

HIV in regions and cities

In 2016, according to the incidence rate in the Russian Federation The following regions and cities were in the lead:

1. Kemerovo region (228.8 new cases of HIV infection per 100 thousand population registered - total 6,217 HIV-infected), incl. in the city Kemerovo 1,876 HIV-infected.
2. Irkutsk region (163.6%000 - 3,951 HIV-infected). In 2017, 1,784 new HIV-infected people were identified in the Irkutsk region over 5 months. In 2016 in the city Irkutsk registered 2 450 new people infected with HIV, in 2017 - 1,107. Almost 2% of the population of the Irkutsk region are infected with HIV.
3. Samara region (161.5%000 - 5,189 HIV-infected, incl. in the city of Samara there are 1,201 HIV-infected people), for 7 months of 2017 - 1,184 people. (59.8%000).
4. Sverdlovsk region (156.9%000 - 6,790 HIV-infected), incl. in the city of Yekaterinburg there are 5,874 HIV-infected people (the most HIV-infected city in Russia / or are they well identified? ed./).
5. Chelyabinsk region (154.0%000 - 5,394 HIV-infected),
6. Tyumen region (150.5%000 - 2,224 people — 1.1% of the population), in the first half of 2017, 1,019 new cases of HIV infection were identified in the Tyumen region (an increase of 14.4% compared to the same period last year, then 891 HIV-infected people were registered), incl. 3 teenagers. The Tyumen region is one of the regions where HIV infection is recognized as an epidemic.
7. Tomsk region (138.0%000 - 1,489 people.),
8. Novosibirsk region (137.1%000) regions (3,786 people.), incl. in the city Novosibirsk 3 213 HIV-infected people.
9. Krasnoyarsk Territory (129.5%000 - 3,716 people.)
10. Perm region (125.1%000 - 3,294 people.)
11. Altai Territory(114.1%000 - 2,721 people.)
12. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (124.7%000 - 2,010 people)
13. Orenburg region (117.6%000 - 2,340 people), in 1 sq. 2017 - 650 people. (32.7%000).
14. Omsk region (110.3%000 - 2,176 people.), for 7 months of 2017, 1184 cases were identified, the incidence rate was 59.8% 000.
15. Kurgan region (110.1%000 - 958 people.)
16. Ulyanovsk region (97.2%000 - 1,218 people.), per 1 sq. 2017 - 325 people. (25.9%000).
17. Tver region (74.0%000 - 973 people.)
18. Nizhny Novgorod region (71.1%000 - 2,309 people.) region, in 1 sq. 2017 - 613 people. (18.9%000).
19. Republic of Crimea (83.0%000 - 1,943 people),
20. Khakassia (82.7%000 - 445 people),
21. Udmurtia (75.1%000 - 1,139 people.),
22. Bashkortostan (68.3%000 - 2,778 people.), per 1 sq. 2017 - 688 people. (16.9%000).
23. Moscow (62.2%000 - 7 672 people)

Note: %000 is the number of HIV-infected people per 100 thousand population.

Leading cities in terms of the number of identified HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection: Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Samara.

The subjects of the Russian Federation most affected by HIV infection.

The most significant increase (speed, growth rate of the emergence of new HIV cases per unit of time) incidence in 2016 was observed in Republic of Crimea, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Territory, Belgorod, Yaroslavl, Arkhangelsk regions, Sevastopol, Chuvash, Kabardino-Balkarian Republics, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan Region, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Samara Region and Jewish Autonomous Okrug.

Number of newly identified cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens in 1987-2016

Affection HIV infection in the Russian population as of December 31, 2016 was 594.3 per 100 thousand people. Cases of HIV infection have been registered in all regions of the Russian Federation. In 2017, the incidence rate was 795.3 per 100 thousand.

A high incidence of HIV infection (more than 0.5% of the entire population) was registered in the 30 largest and predominantly economically successful regions, where 45.3% of the country's population lived.

Dynamics of HIV prevalence and incidence rates in the population of the Russian Federation in 1987-2016.

To the most affected subjects of the Russian Federation relate:

1. Sverdlovsk region (1647.9% of 000 people living with HIV per 100 thousand population are registered - 71354 people. In 2017, there were already about 86 thousand people infected with HIV), including in the city of Yekaterinburg More than 27,131 HIV-infected people have been registered, i.e. every 50th city resident is infected with HIV- this is a real epidemic. Serov (1454.2% 000 - 1556 people). 1.5 percent of the population of the city of Serov is infected with HIV.
2. Irkutsk region (1636.0%000 - 39473 people). Total number of HIV-infected people identified at the beginning 2017— 49,494 people, at the beginning of June (almost six months) 2017 51,278 people diagnosed with HIV infection are registered. IN city ​​of Irkutsk Over the entire period, more than 31,818 people were identified.
3. Kemerovo region (1582.5% 000 - 43000 people), including in the city of Kemerovo More than 10,125 patients with HIV infection are registered.
4. Samara region (1476.9% 000 - 47350 people),
5. Orenburg region (1217.0% 000 - 24276 people) regions,
6. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (1201.7% 000 - 19550 people),
7. Leningrad region (1147.3% 000 - 20410 people),
8. Tyumen region (1085.4% 000 - 19768 people), as of July 1, 2017 - 20787 people.
9. Chelyabinsk region (1079.6% 000 - 37794 people),
10. Novosibirsk region (1021.9% 000 - 28227 people) regions. As of May 19, 2017 in the city of Novosibirsk More than 34 thousand HIV-infected people are registered - every 47 residents of Novosibirsk have HIV (!).
11. Perm region (950.1% 000 - 25030 people),
12. St. Petersburg (978.6% 000 - 51140 people),
13. Ulyanovsk region (932.5% 000 - 11,728 people),
14. Republic of Crimea (891.4%000 - 17000 people),
15. Altai Territory (852.8% 000 - 20268 people),
16. Krasnoyarsk Territory (836.4% 000 - 23970 people),
17. Kurgan region (744.8% 000 - 6419 people),
18. Tver region (737.5% 000 - 9622 people),
19. Tomsk region (727.4% 000 - 7832 people),
20. Ivanovo region (722.5% 000 - 7440 people),
21. Omsk region (644.0% 000 - 12,741 people), as of August 1, 2017, 16,099 cases of HIV infection were registered, the incidence rate is 813.7% 000.
22. Murmansk region (638.2% 000 - 4864 people),
23. Moscow region (629.3% 000 - 46056 people),
24. Kaliningrad region (608.4% 000 - 5941 people).
25. Moscow (413.0%000 - 50909 people)

Age structure

Highest level of infection HIV infection of the population is observed in the group 30-39 years old, 2.8% of Russian men aged 35-39 years lived with an established diagnosis of HIV infection. Women become infected with HIV at a younger age; already in the age group of 25-29 years, about 1% were infected with HIV; the proportion of infected women in the age group of 30-34 years is even higher - 1.6%.

Over the past 15 years, the age structure among newly diagnosed patients has radically changed. In 2000, 87% of patients received a diagnosis of HIV infection before age 30. Adolescents and young people aged 15-20 years accounted for 24.7% of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection in 2000; as a result of the annual decrease in 2016, this group amounted to only 1.2%.

Age and gender of HIV-infected people.

HIV infection was predominantly detected in Russians aged 30-40 years (46.9%) and 40-50 years (19.9%), the share of young people aged 20-30 decreased to 23.2%. An increase in the proportion of newly identified cases was also observed in older age groups, and cases of sexually transmitted HIV infection in old age have become more frequent.

It should be noted that when low level of testing coverage among adolescents and young people, more than 1,100 cases of HIV infection are registered annually among people aged 15-20 years. According to preliminary data largest number of HIV-infected adolescents (15-17 years old) was registered in 2016 in Kemerovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Samara regions, Altai, Perm, Krasnoyarsk territories and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main cause of HIV infection among adolescents is unprotected sexual contact with an HIV-infected partner (77% of cases among girls, 61% among boys).

Structure of the dead

In 2016, 30,550 (3.4%) patients with HIV infection died in the Russian Federation (10.8% more than in 2015) according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identification and treatment of HIV patients.” The highest annual mortality rate was recorded in the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Republic of Mordovia, the Kemerovo Region, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Ulyanovsk Region, the Republic of Adygea, the Tambov Region, the Chukotka Autonomous District, the Chuvash Republic, the Samara Region, the Primorsky Territory, the Tula Region, the Krasnodar, Perm Territories, Kurgan region.

Treatment coverage

Registered at the dispensary in specialized medical organizations in 2016 there were 675,403 patients, infected with HIV, which amounted to 77.5% of the number of 870,952 Russians living with a diagnosis of HIV infection in December 2016, according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form.

In 2016, 285,920 patients received antiretroviral therapy in Russia, including patients who were in prison. In the 1st half of 2017 received antiretroviral therapy 298,888 patients, approximately 100,000 new patients were added to therapy in 2017 (there probably won’t be enough drugs for everyone, since the purchase was based on 2016 figures). Treatment coverage in 2016 in the Russian Federation was 32.8% of the number of registered persons diagnosed with HIV infection; among those undergoing dispensary observation, 42.3% of patients were covered by antiretroviral therapy. The achieved treatment coverage does not serve as a preventive measure and does not allow to radically reduce the rate of spread of the disease. The number of patients with active tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection is growing; the largest number of such patients is registered in the regions of the Urals and Siberia.

HIV testing coverage

In 2016 in Russia there was tested for HIV 30,752,828 blood samples of Russian citizens and 2,102,769 blood samples of foreign citizens. The total number of tested serum samples from Russian citizens increased by 8.5% compared to 2015, and among foreign citizens decreased by 12.9%.

In 2016, the maximum number of positive immunoblot results in Russians was detected in the entire history of observation - 125,416 (in 2014 - 121,200 positive results). The number of positive results in the immunoblot includes those identified anonymously, not included in the statistical data, and children with an undifferentiated diagnosis of HIV infection, and therefore differs significantly from the number of new registered cases of HIV infection.

For the first time, 103,438 patients tested positive for HIV. Representatives of vulnerable groups of the population in 2016 made up a small part of those screened for HIV in Russia - 4.7%, but 23% of all new cases of HIV infection were identified among these groups. When testing even a small number of representatives of these groups, it is possible to identify many patients: in 2016, among the examined drug users, 4.3% were diagnosed as HIV-positive for the first time, among MSM - 13.2%, among contact persons during an epidemiological investigation - 6.4%, prisoners - 2.9%, patients with STIs - 0.7%.

Transmission Path Structure

In 2016, the role of sexual transmission of HIV infection increased significantly. According to preliminary data, among HIV-positive people newly identified in 2016 with established risk factors for infection, 48.8% became infected through drug use with non-sterile equipment, 48.7% through heterosexual contact, 1.5% through homosexual contact, -0. 45% were children infected from mothers during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. The number of children infected through breastfeeding is growing: 59 such children were registered in 2016, 47 in 2015, and 41 in 2014. In 2016, 16 cases of suspected infection were registered in medical organizations due to the use of non-sterile medical instruments and 3 cases of transfusion of blood components from donors to recipients. Another 4 new cases of HIV infection in children were likely associated with the provision of medical care in the CIS countries.

Distribution of HIV-infected people by mode of infection.

conclusions

1. In the Russian Federation in 2016, the HIV epidemic situation continued to deteriorate and the trend continues in 2017, which may even affect the resumption of the global HIV epidemic, which, according to the UN report in July 2016, has declined.
2. The incidence of HIV infection remained high, the total number and number of deaths of HIV-infected people increased, and the spread of the epidemic from vulnerable groups to the general population intensified.
3. If the current rate of spread of HIV infection continues and there are no adequate systemic measures to prevent its spread, the prognosis for the development of the situation remains unfavorable.
4. It is necessary to intensify organizational and preventive measures to counter the HIV epidemic in the country.

AIDS is a disease that destroys a person's immune system, leaving the body prone to fatal diseases such as hepatitis, tuberculosis and other viral infections. This disease occurs mainly in countries with a large percentage of drug-addicted populations, where injections are carried out using instruments (syringes and needles) that may be contaminated with the virus. We should also not forget about unprotected sexual intercourse, which is one of the main ways of spreading AIDS. New types of vaccines and drugs for this disease are now being developed, but scientists cannot yet find a way to stop it. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the list of countries where the largest number of AIDS patients live.

1. South Africa

South Africa is the country with the largest number of HIV-infected patients. 5 million 600 thousand patients here have a positive status, which is a very alarming situation. These figures mean that 12% of the total South African population suffers from this problem. An estimated 310,000 people die each year due to the disease. The country is trying to do everything possible to control the disease, but this requires more public awareness campaigns.

2. Botswana

In this country, the first case of HIV infection was registered in 1985. Nevertheless, Botswana turned out to be the second country in the world in terms of the number of people with AIDS. According to WHO estimates, about 320 thousand people are now infected. The disease greatly affects the development process of a nation and the mortality rate is increasing at an alarming rate. It is clear that the government needs to take effective measures to combat the disease.

3. India

India is the third country in the world in terms of the number of HIV-infected residents. According to statistics, 2 million 400 thousand people are infected here. The problem is exacerbated by the poverty of local residents, as large numbers of people are unable to access medical care. The south-eastern and north-eastern provinces suffer the most from AIDS. India really needs educational programs to increase people's knowledge about this issue.

4. Kenya

In Kenya, 1 million 500 thousand people are HIV-infected. Public health has improved and HIV prevalence has fallen in the past few years, but the government still has a long way to go to stop the disease.

5. Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe is the fifth-largest country in the world to have a population affected by AIDS, with an HIV prevalence rate of about 14.9%. The situation in the country has improved thanks to awareness-raising campaigns launched by the government. In addition, in 2003, the rate of so-called “brain drain” in the country was 22.1%. After 14 years, professional health care in Zimbabwe has improved and the AIDS picture bears this out.

6. USA

Are you surprised? As we see, AIDS is a disaster not only in third world countries. The United States has the sixth largest number of people infected with AIDS. It is believed that HIV was brought to the United States by immigrants in the 1960s. The eastern and southern states were more contaminated than other coastal areas. According to the latest data, 1,148,200 American citizens are infected with HIV.

7. Democratic Republic of the Congo

About 1 million 100 thousand people in the Congo suffer from AIDS. This country was the first in Africa to be affected by the deadly disease. Unprotected sexual intercourse is reported to be the main cause of disease transmission.

8. Mozambique

A total of 11.3% of Mozambican citizens are infected with AIDS. The nation is faced with a serious rate of spread of HIV infection.

9. Tanzania

In total, about 1 million 400 thousand people in Tanzania are HIV positive. Statistics show that this disease affects women more often (60%) than men. The disease kills 86,000 people every year.

10. Malawi

10% of Malawi's population are HIV positive. Every year, 68 thousand people die here from AIDS. Previously, the Malawi government was not very active in the fight against this disease, but over time, it began to show more interest in controlling this epidemic, and today the situation in the country is improving.

The only regions in the world where the HIV epidemic continues to spread rapidly are Eastern Europe and Central Asia, according to a new UNAIDS report. Russia in these regions accounted for 80% of new HIV cases in 2015, the international organization notes. Another 15% of new diseases occur collectively in Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Tajikistan and Ukraine.

In terms of the rate of spread of the epidemic, Russia has overtaken even the countries of South Africa, as follows from the latest morbidity statistics. Meanwhile, the Russian authorities not only do not increase funding for the purchase of drugs for patients, but, if you believe reports from the regions, they are even increasing savings on this item.

Having compared the published UNAIDS statistics on new cases of HIV in different countries with the number of patients already existing in these countries, Gazeta.Ru was convinced that our country is the leader in the rate of spread of HIV not only in its region.

The share of new cases of HIV in Russia in 2015 was more than 11% of the total number of people living with HIV (95.5 thousand and 824 thousand, respectively, according to the Federal AIDS Center). In the vast majority of African countries, the number of new cases does not exceed 8%; in the largest countries of South America, this share in 2015 was about 5% of the total number of patients.

For example, in terms of the rate of growth of new cases in 2015, Russia is ahead of such African countries as Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, each of them has almost twice as many patients as in our country (1.4-1.5 million people ).

More new cases than in Russia now occur annually only in Nigeria - 250 thousand infections, but the total number of carriers there is many times higher - 3.5 million people, so in proportion the incidence is lower - about 7.1%.

HIV epidemic in the world

In 2015, there were 36.7 million people living with HIV worldwide. Of these, 17 million were receiving antiretroviral therapy. The number of new infections reached 2.1 million. Last year, 1.1 million people died from AIDS worldwide.

The number of new HIV infections in Eastern Europe and Central Asia has increased by 57% since 2010. Over the same period, the Caribbean saw a 9% increase in new cases, a 4% increase in the Middle East and North Africa and a 2% increase in Latin America.

Declines were observed in Eastern and Southern Africa (by 4%) and in Asia and the Pacific (by 3%). Europe, North America and West and Central Africa saw slight declines.

In the largest countries of Latin America - Venezuela, Brazil, Mexico - the share of new cases of HIV infection remained at 5% of the number of carriers. For example, in Brazil, where the number of people living with HIV is approximately the same as in Russia (830 thousand), 44 thousand people became infected in 2015.

In the United States, where there are one and a half times more HIV patients than in Russia, half as many people become infected with HIV annually - about 50 thousand people, according to the AVERT charity organization, which funds the fight against AIDS.

Russia can't cope on its own

UNAIDS experts see the main reason for the deterioration of the situation in the fact that Russia has lost international support for HIV programs and has not been able to replace it with adequate prevention at the expense of the budget.

In 2004-2013, the Global Fund remained the largest donor for HIV prevention in the region (Eastern Europe and Central Asia), but as a result of the World Bank's classification of Russia as a high-income country, international support withdrew, and domestic funding for the fight against HIV did not provide adequate coverage of antiretroviral therapy (prevents the transition of HIV to AIDS and ensures prevention of infection).

The amount of grants from the Global Fund for HIV amounted to more than $200 million, head of the Federal AIDS Center Vadim Pokrovsky told Gazeta.Ru. “Many preventive and treatment programs were implemented in the country with this money. After the government returned this money to the Global Fund, it focused mainly on financing treatment, and there was no one to finance prevention programs; they died out,” he complains.

According to the Ministry of Health, today only 37% of patients who are constantly monitored receive the necessary medications. Of the total number of patients, this is only 28%, according to data from the Federal AIDS Center. There is not enough money allocated, so in Russia there is a standard according to which medications are prescribed only in the event of a critical decrease in the immunity of an HIV-infected person. This does not correspond to the WHO recommendation to treat all patients immediately after detection of the virus.

Another reason is that Russia is the leader in the use of injecting drugs by the population - 1.5 million people in our country already take them, according to the UNAIDS report.

It is the use of drugs with unsterile instruments that remains the cause of the largest number of infections - 54% of patients became infected in this way.

There is almost no prevention among drug addicts and other high-risk groups, Pokrovsky previously told Gazeta.Ru. According to UNAIDS, after the end of Global Fund grants in 2014, 30 projects serving 27 thousand people were left without support in Russia. And while the remaining projects in 2015 continued to support HIV prevention services among drug users in 16 cities, their scale was not sufficient, the report notes.

Russia also does not support the UN-recommended methadone substitution therapy, which involves drug addicts taking methadone instead of the drug they use. In this therapy programs, as a rule, methadone is used in the form of a liquid substance mixed with syrup or water, and is taken orally, without the use of injection needles and syringes, which reduces the risk of transmitting not only HIV, but also other dangerous infectious diseases, including hepatitis A.

Secret underfunding

The release of the UNAIDS report coincided with the appearance of the first signals from Russian regions that funding for the purchase of HIV drugs may be reduced, despite recent statements by the head of the Ministry of Health, Veronika Skvortsova, about her intention to increase the proportion of patients receiving therapy.

The Republic of Karelia has been allocated 25% less funds compared to 2015 - 29.7 million instead of 37 million rubles, TASS reported on July 13, citing the regional Ministry of Health. At the same time, less funds were also allocated from the regional budget than last year - the reduction was 10%. The Krasnoyarsk Territory also received less money in 2016 (326 million instead of 400 million rubles in 2015), reports State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company Krasnoyarsk.

Similar reports are coming from St. Petersburg, the Perm Territory and other regions. At the same time, the total amount of funds provided for in the 2015 and 2016 federal budgets for the purchase of antiretroviral drugs is approximately the same - the amount remains at about 21 billion rubles, part of the funds is allocated for purchases for federal medical institutions.

In the 2015 budget, 17.485 billion rubles were allocated directly to the regions; in 2016, the amount decreased slightly and amounted to 17.441 billion rubles. Information about whether the funds were delivered to the regions in full or somehow redistributed or frozen is kept secret by federal ministries. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Health did not respond to relevant requests from Gazeta.Ru.

According to the government report on the implementation of the anti-crisis plan, which Gazeta.Ru was able to review, the money was transferred to regional budgets in full, but the Ministry of Finance refused to confirm this information.

How the world is fighting HIV

Measures to combat HIV in general are the same all over the world: prevention includes informing the population, identifying the most vulnerable groups of citizens, distributing contraception and syringes, active measures are antiretroviral therapy, which maintains the standard of living of those already ill and prevents the patient from infecting others. However, each country has its own regional characteristics.

Governments in the United States primarily fund social campaigns to combat the taboo topic of AIDS. Also, with the help of social actions, Americans are encouraged to undergo regular testing, especially if the person belongs to one of the most vulnerable groups - black citizens, men who have had homosexual contacts, and others.

Another way to combat the spread of HIV and AIDS is sex education. In 2013, the immunodeficiency virus was taught in 85% of American schools. In 1997, these programs were taught in 92% of American schools, but due to resistance from citizen religious groups, enrollment rates have declined.

From 1996 to 2009, more than $1.5 billion was spent promoting abstinence as the only way to combat HIV in the United States. But since 2009, funding for “orthodox” methods began to decline, and more funds began to be allocated to providing comprehensive information.

However, according to the Kaiser Family Foundation, only 15 states so far mandate contraception when talking to schoolchildren about HIV prevention, despite the fact that, according to statistics, 47% of high school students have had sexual experience. Information about HIV remains optional in 15 states, as does sex education; in two more, only sex education is included in the program.

In China, according to 2013 data, 780 thousand people live with the immunodeficiency virus, more than a quarter of whom receive antiretroviral therapy. The most vulnerable groups of the population are gays and bisexuals, young Chinese under 24 years of age, drug addicts who inject themselves, and a high proportion of infections from mother to child. In China, infection most often occurs through unprotected sex, so preventing sexual transmission of the virus accounts for the bulk of efforts. Measures include treatment for couples in which one of the partners is infected with HIV, distributing free condoms, popularizing testing for the virus, and informing children and adults about the disease.

A separate category of efforts is the fight against the illegal blood market, which flourished after the ban on imported blood products in the 1980s. Enterprising Chinese, according to Avert, were looking for plasma donors in rural areas, without any concern for the safety of the procedure. Only in 2010 did China begin to test all donated blood for HIV.

In India, the world's second largest country, 2.1 million people were living with HIV in 2015, one of the highest numbers in the world. Of those sick, 36% received treatment.

Hindus identify four risk groups. These are sex workers, illegal immigrants, men who have had homosexual contacts, drug addicts and the hijra caste (one of the untouchable castes, which includes transgender people, bisexuals, hermaphrodites, castrati).

As in many other countries, the fight against HIV in India is carried out through outreach to the most vulnerable sections of the population, information, distribution of condoms, syringes and needles, as well as methadone substitution therapy. The epidemic in the country is declining: in 2015, according to UNAIDS, fewer people were infected here than in Russia - 86 thousand people.

In Latin and Central America in 2014, there were 1.6 million people living with the immunodeficiency virus, 44% of whom received the necessary treatment. Among the measures that countries in the region have taken to combat the epidemic are social campaigns explaining what HIV is and why people with the disease cannot be discriminated against. Such actions took place, in particular, in Peru, Colombia, Brazil, and Mexico. Needle and syringe programs were held in five countries—Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Paraguay and Uruguay—and substitution therapy was used in select cities in Colombia and Mexico. In some countries in the region, sick people receive cash benefits.

Australia, which has one of the lowest incidence rates in the world, achieved these results by introducing comprehensive prevention programs and by never stopping them. She also began the fight against HIV earlier than others, notes Pokrovsky from the AIDS Center. “For example, back in 1989, I became acquainted with the work of the organization “Collective of Prostitutes of Australia,” which was involved in HIV prevention among sex workers. This and dozens of similar projects were constantly funded by the government,” he emphasizes.