Countries with high population density. World population

There are cities in the world with large populations. And nothing else if the city occupies a large territory and the population density in it is small. What if the city has very little land? It happens that the country is small, but there are rocks and the sea around the city? So the city has to build up. At the same time, the population per 1 square kilometer is growing rapidly. The city goes from simple to densely populated. We immediately note that it is population density that is taken into account here, while there are other ratings where megacities are located by area, number of inhabitants, number of skyscrapers, as well as many other parameters. You can find most of these ratings on LifeGlobe. We will go directly to our list. So, what are the biggest cities in the world?

Top 10 most populous cities in the world.

1. Shanghai

Shanghai is the largest city in China and one of the largest cities in the world, located in the Yangtze River Delta. One of the four cities under central control of the People's Republic of China, an important financial and cultural center of the country, as well as the world's largest seaport. By the beginning of the 20th century. Shanghai has grown from a small fishing town into the most important city in China and the third financial center in the world after London and New York. In addition, the city became a center of popular culture, vice, intellectual debate and political intrigue in Republican China. Shanghai is the financial and commercial center of China. Market reforms in Shanghai began in 1992, a decade later than in the southern provinces. Before this, most of the city's income went irrevocably to Beijing. Even after the tax burden was reduced in 1992, tax revenues from Shanghai accounted for 20-25% of revenues from all of China (before the 1990s, this figure was about 70%). Today Shanghai is the largest and most developed city in mainland China. In 2005, Shanghai became the world's largest port in terms of cargo turnover (443 million tons of cargo).

According to the 2000 census, the population of the entire Shanghai area (including the non-urban area) is 16.738 million people, this figure also includes temporary residents of Shanghai, whose number is 3.871 million people. Since the previous census in 1990, Shanghai's population has increased by 3.396 million people, or 25.5%. Men make up 51.4% of the city's population, women - 48.6%. Children under 14 years old make up 12.2% of the population, the age group 15-64 years old - 76.3%, elderly people over 65 - 11.5%. 5.4% of Shanghai's population is illiterate. In 2003, there were 13.42 million officially registered residents in Shanghai, and more than 5 million more. live and work in Shanghai unofficially, of which about 4 million are seasonal workers, mainly from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Average life expectancy in 2003 was 79.80 years (men - 77.78 years, women - 81.81 years).

Like many other regions of China, Shanghai is experiencing a construction boom. Modern architecture in Shanghai is distinguished by its unique style, in particular, the upper floors of high-rise buildings, occupied by restaurants, are shaped like flying saucers. Most of the buildings under construction in Shanghai today are high-rise residential buildings, varying in height, color and design. Organizations responsible for planning the development of the city are now increasingly focusing on creating green areas and parks within residential complexes to improve the quality of life of Shanghai residents, which is in keeping with the slogan of the World Expo 2010 Shanghai: “A better city - a better life.” Historically, Shanghai was very Westernized, and now it is again increasingly taking on the role of the main center of communication between China and the West. One example of this is the opening of the Pac-Med Medical Exchange, an information center for the exchange of medical knowledge between Western and Chinese health institutions. Pudong has houses and streets very similar to the business and residential areas of modern American and Western European cities. There are major international shopping and hotel areas nearby. Despite its high population density and large number of visitors, Shanghai is known for its very low crime rate towards foreigners.

As of January 1, 2009, the population of Shanghai is 18,884,600, if the area of ​​this city is 6,340 km2, and the population density is 2,683 people per km2.

2. Karachi

KARACHI, the largest city, main economic center and seaport of Pakistan, is located near the delta of the Indus River, 100 km from its confluence with the Arabian Sea. Administrative center of Sindh province. Population as of 2004: 10.89 million people. Originated in the early 18th century. on the site of the Baloch fishing village of Kalachi. From the end of the 18th century. under the rulers of Sindh from the Talpur dynasty, it was the main Sindh maritime and commercial center on the Arabian coast. In 1839 it became a British naval base, in 1843-1847 - the capital of the province of Sind, and then the main city of the region, which was part of the Bombay Presidency. Since 1936 - the capital of the Sindh province. In 1947-1959 - the capital of Pakistan. The favorable geographical position of the city, located in a convenient natural harbor, contributed to its rapid growth and development during the colonial period and especially after the partition of British India in 1947 into two independent states - India and Pakistan.

The transformation of Karachi into the main political and economic center of the country led to rapid population growth, mainly due to the influx of immigrants from outside: in 1947-1955. with 350 thousand people up to 1.5 million people. Karachi is the largest city in the country and is one of the largest cities in the world. The main trade, economic and financial center of Pakistan, seaport (15% of GDP and 25% of tax revenues to the budget). About 49% of the country's industrial production is concentrated in Karachi and its suburbs. Factories: metallurgical plant (the largest in the country, built with the assistance of the USSR, 1975-85), oil refining, engineering, car assembly, ship repair, chemical, cement plants, pharmaceutical, tobacco, textile, food (sugar) industries (concentrated in several industrial zones : CITY - Sindh Industrial Trading Estate, Landhi, Malir, Korangi, etc. The largest commercial banks, branches of foreign banks, central offices and branches of insurance companies, stock and cotton exchange, offices of the largest trading companies (including foreign ones). International airport (1992). Port of Karachi (cargo turnover over 9 million tons per year) serves up to 90% of the country's maritime trade and is the largest port in South Asia.
The largest cultural and scientific center: university, research institutions, Aga Khan University of Medical Sciences, Hamdard Foundation Center for Oriental Medicine, National Museum of Pakistan, Navy Museum. Zoo (in the former City Gardens, 1870). Mausoleum of Quaid-i Azam M.A. Jinnah (1950s), Sindh University (founded in 1951, M. Ecoshar), Art Center (1960). Architecturally interesting are the central streets, built in the period between the world wars with buildings made from local pink limestone and sandstone. Business center of Karachi - Shara-i-Faisal streets, Jinnah Road and Chandrigar Road with buildings mainly from the 19th and 20th centuries: the High Court (early 20th century, neoclassical), the Pearl Continental Hotel (1962), architects W. Tabler and Z. Pathan), State Bank (1961, architects J. L. Ricci and A. Kayum). To the northwest of Jinnah Road is the Old Town with narrow streets and one- and two-story houses. In the south is the fashionable area of ​​Clifton, built up mainly with villas. Buildings from the 19th century also stand out. in the Ingothic style - Frere Hall (1865) and Empress Market (1889). Saddar, Zamzama, Tariq Road are the main shopping streets of the city, where hundreds of shops and stalls are located. There are a significant number of modern multi-storey buildings, luxury hotels (Avari, Marriott, Sheraton) and shopping centers.

As of 2009, the population of this city was 18,140,625, area 3,530 km2, population density 5,139 people. per km.sq.

3.Istanbul

One of the main reasons for the transformation of Istanbul into a world metropolis was the geographical location of the city. Istanbul, located at the intersection of 48 degrees north latitude and 28 degrees east longitude, is the only city in the world that is located on two continents. Istanbul lies on 14 hills, each of which has its own name, but now we won’t bore you with listing them. The following should be noted - the city consists of three unequal parts, into which it is divided by the Bosphorus and the Golden Horn (a small bay 7 km long). On the European side: the historical peninsula located in the south of the Golden Horn, and in the north of the Golden Horn - the districts of Beyolu, Galata, Taksim, Besiktas, on the Asian side - the "New City". There are numerous shopping and service centers on the European continent, and mostly residential areas on the Asian continent.

Overall, Istanbul, 150 km long and 50 km wide, has an approximate area of ​​7,500 km. But no one knows its true borders; it is about to merge with the city of Izmit in the east. With continuous migration from villages (up to 500,000 per year), the population is rapidly increasing. Every year, 1,000 new streets appear in the city, and new residential areas are built in the west-east axis. The population is constantly increasing by 5% per year, i.e. Every 12 years it doubles. Every 5 residents of Turkey live in Istanbul. The number of tourists visiting this wonderful city reaches 1.5 million. The population itself is unknown to anyone; officially, according to the last census, 12 million people lived in the city, although now this figure has increased to 15 million, and some claim that 20 million people already live in Istanbul.

Tradition says that the founder of the city in the 7th century BC. There was a Megarian leader, Byzantus, to whom the Delphic oracle predicted where it would be better to establish a new settlement. The place really turned out to be very successful - a cape between two seas - the Black and Marmara, half in Europe, half in Asia. In the 4th century AD. Roman Emperor Constantine chose the settlement of Byzantium to build the new capital of the empire, which was named Constantinople in his honor. After the fall of Rome in 410, Constantinople finally established itself as the undisputed political center of the empire, which since then was no longer called Roman, but Byzantine. The city reached its greatest prosperity under Emperor Justinian. It was a center of fabulous wealth and unimaginable luxury. In the 9th century, the population of Constantinople numbered about a million people! The main streets had sidewalks and canopies, and were decorated with fountains and columns. It is believed that Venice represents a copy of Constantinople architecture, where bronze horses taken from the Constantinople Hippodrome after the sack of the city by the Crusaders in 1204 are installed on the portal of St. Mark's Cathedral.
As of 2009, the population of this city was 16,767,433, area 2,106 km2, population density 6,521 people. per km.kv

4.Tokyo

Tokyo is the capital of Japan, its administrative, financial, cultural and industrial center. Located in the southeastern part of the island of Honshu, on the Kanto Plain in Tokyo Bay of the Pacific Ocean. Area - 2,187 sq. km. Population - 15,570,000 people. The population density is 5,740 people/km2, the highest among Japanese prefectures.

Officially, Tokyo is not a city, but one of the prefectures, or rather, a metropolitan area, the only one in this class. Its territory, in addition to part of the island of Honshu, includes several small islands to the south, as well as the islands of Izu and Ogasawara. Tokyo County consists of 62 administrative units - cities, towns and rural communities. When they say “Tokyo City,” they usually mean the 23 special districts included in the metropolitan area, which from 1889 to 1943 formed the administrative unit of the city of Tokyo, and are now themselves equated in status to cities; each has its own mayor and city council. The capital's government is headed by a popularly elected governor. The government headquarters is located in Shinjuku, which is the county seat. Tokyo is also home to the state government and the Tokyo Imperial Palace (also using the obsolete name Tokyo Imperial Castle), the main residence of the Japanese emperors.

Although the Tokyo area has been inhabited by tribes since the Stone Age, the city began to play an active role in history relatively recently. In the 12th century, local Edo warrior Taro Shigenada built a fort here. According to tradition, he received the name Edo from his place of residence. In 1457, Ota Dokan, ruler of the Kanto region under the Japanese shogunate, built Edo Castle. In 1590, Ieyasu Tokugawa, the founder of the shogun clan, took possession of it. Thus, Edo became the capital of the shogunate, while Kyoto remained the imperial capital. Ieyasu created long-term management institutions. The city grew quickly and by the 18th century became one of the largest cities in the world. In 1615, Ieyasu's armies destroyed their opponents, the Toyotomi clan, thereby gaining absolute power for about 250 years. As a result of the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the shogunate came to an end; in September, Emperor Mutsuhito moved the capital here, calling it the “Eastern Capital” - Tokyo. This has sparked debate over whether Kyoto can still remain the capital. In the second half of the 19th century, industry began to develop rapidly, then shipbuilding. The Tokyo-Yokohama railway was built in 1872, and the Kobe-Osaka-Tokyo railway in 1877. Until 1869 the city was called Edo. On September 1, 1923, a major earthquake (7-9 on the Richter scale) occurred in Tokyo and the surrounding area. Almost half of the city was destroyed, and a strong fire broke out. About 90,000 people became victims. Although the reconstruction plan turned out to be very expensive, the city began to partially recover. The city was again seriously damaged during World War II. The city was subjected to massive air attacks. More than 100,000 residents died in one raid alone. Many wooden buildings burned down, and the old Imperial Palace was damaged. After the war, Tokyo was occupied by the military, and during the Korean War it became a major military center. Several American bases still remain here (Yokota military base, etc.). In the mid-20th century, the country's economy began to rapidly revive (what was described as an "Economic Miracle"), in 1966 it became the second largest economy in the world. The revival from war traumas was proven by the holding of the Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo in 1964, where the city showed itself favorably on the international stage. Since the 1970s, Tokyo has seen a wave of rural labor force, which has led to further development of the city. By the end of the 80s, it became one of the most dynamically developing cities on Earth. On March 20, 1995, a sarin gas attack occurred in the Tokyo subway. The terrorist attack was carried out by the religious sect Aum Shinrikyo. As a result, over 5,000 people were injured, 11 of them died. Seismic activity in the Tokyo area has led to discussions about moving the capital of Japan to another city. Three candidates have been named: Nasu (300 km north), Higashino (near Nagano, central Japan) and a new city in Mie province, near Nagoya (450 km west of Tokyo). A government decision has already been received, although no further action is being taken. Currently, Tokyo continues to develop. Projects to create artificial islands are being consistently implemented. The most notable project is Odaiba, which is now a major shopping and entertainment center.

5. Mumbai

The history of the emergence of Mumbai - a dynamic modern city, the financial capital of India and the administrative center of the state of Maharashtra - is quite unusual. In 1534, the Sultan of Gujarat ceded a group of seven unwanted islands to the Portuguese, who, in turn, gave them to the Portuguese princess Catarina of Braganza on the day of her wedding to King Charles II of England in 1661. In 1668, the British government surrendered the islands leased to the East India Company for 10 pounds of gold per year, and gradually Mumbai grew into a center of trade. In 1853, the first railway line on the subcontinent was built from Mumbai to Thane, and in 1862, a colossal land development project turned seven islands into a single whole - Mumbai was on the path to becoming the largest metropolis. During its existence, the city changed its name four times, and for those who are not experts in geography, its former name is more familiar - Bombay. Mumbai, after the historical name of the area, reverted to its name in 1997. Today it is a vibrant city with a distinct character: a major industrial and commercial center, it still has an active interest in theater and other arts. Mumbai is also home to the main center of the Indian film industry - Bollywood.

Mumbai is the most populous city in India: in 2009, the city's population was 13,922,125 people. Together with its satellite cities, it forms the fifth largest urban agglomeration in the world with a population of 21.3 million people. The area occupied by Greater Mumbai is 603.4 sq. km. The city stretches along the coast of the Arabian Sea for 140 km.

6. Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires is the capital of Argentina, the administrative, cultural and economic center of the country and one of the largest cities in South America.

Buenos Aires is located 275 km from the Atlantic Ocean in a well-protected bay of La Plata Bay, on the right bank of the Riachuelo River. The average air temperature in July is +10 degrees, and in January +24. The amount of precipitation in the city is 987 mm per year. The capital is located in the northeastern part of Argentina, on flat terrain, in a subtropical natural zone. The natural vegetation of the city's surroundings is represented by tree and grass species typical of meadow steppes and savannas. Greater Buenos Aires includes 18 suburbs, with a total area of ​​3,646 square kilometers.

The population of the capital of Argentina proper is 3,050,728 (2009, estimate) people, which is 275 thousand (9.9%) more than it was in 2001 (2,776,138, census). In total, 13,356,715 people live in the urban agglomeration, including numerous suburbs immediately adjacent to the capital (2009 estimate). Residents of Buenos Aires have a half-joking nickname - porteños (literally, residents of the port). The population of the capital and its suburbs is growing rapidly, including due to the immigration of guest workers from Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru and other neighboring countries. The city is very multinational, but the main division of communities occurs along class lines, and not along racial lines as in the United States. The majority of the population is Spanish and Italian, descendants of both the settlers of the Spanish colonial period from 1550-1815 and the larger wave of European immigrants to Argentina from 1880-1940. About 30% are mestizos and representatives of other nationalities, among which the following communities stand out: Arabs, Jews, English, Armenians, Japanese, Chinese and Koreans; there is also a large number of immigrants from neighboring countries, primarily from Bolivia and Paraguay, and more recently from Korea , China and Africa. During the colonial period, groups of Indians, mestizos and black slaves were visible in the city, gradually disappearing into the southern European population, although their cultural and genetic influences are still noticeable today. Thus, the genes of modern residents of the capital are quite mixed compared to white Europeans: on average, the genes of residents of the capital are 71.2% European, 23.5% Indian and 5.3% African. Moreover, depending on the quarter, African admixtures vary from 3.5% to 7.0%, and Indian admixtures from 14.0% to 33%. . The official language in the capital is Spanish. Other languages ​​- Italian, Portuguese, English, German and French - have now practically fallen out of use as native languages ​​due to the mass assimilation of immigrants in the second half of the 19th - early 19th century. XX centuries, but are still taught as foreign languages. During the period of the massive influx of Italians (especially Neapolitans), the mixed Italian-Spanish sociolect Lunfardo became widespread in the city, which gradually disappeared, but left traces in the local linguistic version of the Spanish language (See Spanish in Argentina). Among the city's religious population, the majority are adherents of Catholicism, a small part of the capital's residents profess Islam and Judaism, but in general the level of religiosity is extremely low, since a secular-liberal way of life predominates. The city is divided into 47 administrative districts, the division was initially based on Catholic parishes, and remained so until 1940.

7. Dhaka

The name of the city is derived from the name of the Hindu goddess of fertility Durga or from the name of the tropical tree Dhaka, which produces valuable resin. Dhaka is located on the northern bank of the turbulent Buriganda River almost in the center of the country and is more similar to the legendary Babylon than to the modern capital. Dhaka is a river port in the Ganges Brahmaputra delta, as well as a center for water tourism. Although travel by water is quite slow, water transport in the country is well developed, safe and widely used. The oldest section of the city, lying north of the coastline, is an ancient trading center of the Mughal Empire. In the Old City there is an unfinished fortress - Fort LaBad, dating back to 1678, which houses the mausoleum of Bibi Pari (1684). It is also worth paying attention to the more than 700 mosques, including the famous Hussein Dalan, located in the old City. Now the old City is a vast area between the two main water transport terminals, Sadarghat and Badam Tole, where the experience of observing the daily life of the river is especially charming and interesting. Also in the old part of the city there are traditional large oriental bazaars.

The city's population is 9,724,976 inhabitants (2006), with its suburbs - 12,560 thousand people (2005).

8. Manila

Manila is the capital and main city of the Central Region of the Republic of the Philippines, which occupies the Philippine Islands in the Pacific Ocean. In the west, the islands are washed by the South China Sea, in the north they adjoin Taiwan through the Bashi Strait. Located on the island of Luzon (the largest in the archipelago), Metro Manila includes, in addition to Manila itself, four more cities and 13 municipalities. The name of the city comes from two Tagalog (local Filipino) words "may" meaning "to appear" and "nilad" - the name of the original settlement located along the banks of the Pasig River and the bay. Before the Spanish conquest of Manila in 1570, the islands were inhabited by Muslim tribes who acted as intermediaries in Chinese trade with South Asian merchants. After a fierce struggle, the Spaniards occupied the ruins of Manila, which the natives set fire to escape from the invaders. After 20 years, the Spaniards returned and built defensive structures. In 1595, Manila became the capital of the Archipelago. From this time until the 19th century, Manila was the center of trade between the Philippines and Mexico. With the arrival of Europeans, the Chinese were limited in free trade and repeatedly rebelled against the colonists. In 1898, the Americans invaded the Philippines, and after several years of war, the Spanish ceded their colony to them. Then the American-Philippine War began, which ended in 1935 with the independence of the islands. During the period of US domination, several enterprises in the light and food industries, oil refining plants, and the production of building materials were opened in Manila. During World War II, the Philippines was occupied by the Japanese. The state gained final independence in 1946. Currently, Manila is the main seaport, financial and industrial center of the country. Factories in the capital produce electrical equipment, chemicals, clothing, food, tobacco, etc. The city has several markets and shopping centers with low prices, attracting visitors from all over the Republic. In recent years, the role of tourism has been growing.

As of 2009, the population of this city was 12,285,000.

9. Delhi

Delhi is the capital of India, a city with 13 million people that most travelers cannot miss. A city in which all the classical Indian contrasts are fully manifested - grandiose temples and dirty slums, bright celebrations of life and quiet death in the gateways. A city in which it is difficult for an ordinary Russian person to live for more than two weeks, after which he will begin to quietly go crazy - the incessant movement, general bustle, noise and din, the abundance of dirt and poverty will be a good test for you. Like any city with a thousand-year history, Delhi has many interesting places worth visiting. Most of them are located in two areas of the city - Old and New Delhi, between which is the Pahar Ganj area, where most independent travelers stay (Main Bazaar). Some of the most interesting attractions in Delhi include the Jama Masjid, Lodhi Garden, Humayun Tomb, Qutb Minar, Lotus Temple, Lakshmi Narayana Temple ), military fortresses Lal Qila and Purana Qila.

As of 2009, the population of this city was 11,954,217

10. Moscow

The city of Moscow is a huge metropolis, consisting of nine administrative districts, which include one hundred and twenty administrative districts. There are many parks, gardens, and forest parks on the territory of Moscow.

The first written mention of Moscow dates back to 1147. But settlements on the site of the modern city were much earlier, in a time distant from us, according to some historians, by 5 thousand years. However, all this belongs to the realm of legends and speculation. No matter how everything happened, in the 13th century Moscow was the center of an independent principality, and by the end of the 15th century. it becomes the capital of the emerging unified Russian state. Since then, Moscow has been one of the largest cities in Europe. For centuries, Moscow has been an outstanding center of all-Russian culture, science, and art.

The largest city in Russia and Europe by population (population as of July 1, 2009 - 10.527 million people), the center of the Moscow urban agglomeration. It is also one of the ten largest cities in the world.

According to the latest data, on average, about seven billion people live on the globe. Their distribution is characterized by extreme unevenness: more people live in one part of the world, and fewer in another. Today we are talking about the average population density of Foreign Europe.

General information

Before moving on to the topic “Density of Overseas Europe”, the concepts of “Overseas Europe” and “population density” should be defined. The countries of Foreign Europe include 40 sovereign states located on the European part of the Eurasian continent.

The term “population density” refers to the ratio of the number of inhabitants per 1 sq. km. This indicator is calculated using the following formula: the population of a country, region, or world is divided by the total land area, which is favorable for habitation.

So, if we divide the population of planet Earth - 6.8 billion people, by its total area - 13 million square meters. km, then we get an average population density of 52 people per 1 sq. km.

Rice. 1 Population density of Europe on the map

Population of Europe

Foreign Europe is one of the most densely populated regions in the world. If we take for comparison the average population density on the globe - 52 people per 1 sq. km, then a completely different picture emerges - more than 100 people per 1 sq. km. km. In addition, the distribution of people in Europe is relatively uniform: there are no unpopulated or large sparsely populated regions. A distinctive feature of settlement in Europe is the urbanization of the population. In other words, there are tens of times more city dwellers than residents of rural settlements (more than 70%, and in Belgium 98%).

Rice. 2 Map of night Europe from satellite

Countries of Foreign Europe

The population density of the countries of Foreign Europe is presented in the following table:

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Countries can be divided into three groups based on population density:

• High density (more than 200 people per 1 sq. km): Belgium, Germany, Great Britain and others;
• Average density (from 10 to 200 people per 1 sq. km): Spain, Czech Republic, Slovakia, France and others;
• Low density (up to 10 people per 1 sq. km): Iceland.

As can be seen from the table, the northern territories of Europe - Finland, Sweden, Norway - are sparsely populated. This is due, first of all, to unfavorable natural and climatic conditions for life and economy. Conversely, population concentration is observed in Great Britain, Belgium, the Netherlands and further south to the Mediterranean coast, where the geographical location (access to the sea), relief, and climate are favorable for the development of agriculture, trade, and industry.

The population density of Monaco is 16,500 people per 1 sq. km, is the highest not only in Europe, but also in the whole world.

Rice. 3 Monaco is the most crowded place on the planet

What have we learned?

Foreign Europe includes 40 countries, the average population density of which is 100 people per 1 sq. km. This figure is quite high. In general, the settlement of people in Europe is uniform. There is only one country with low population density in this region - Iceland.

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Evgeny Marushevsky

freelancer, constantly traveling around the world

You might think that the most populous country in the world is China. It is not for nothing that the population of Russia’s eastern neighbor has exceeded a billion and amounted to 1.38 billion people. Surely you think the same. Or maybe this is India?

Everyone knows that China has a big problem of overpopulation, which is why it has territorial conflicts with Russia. And multimillionaire cities are at the top of the list in terms of the number of people living in them. However, few people realize that China is only the 56th most populous country in the world.

139 people live on 1 square kilometer in China.

India has an area three times smaller than China and a population of just over a billion.

India's population density is 357 people per square kilometer, making it the 19th most populous country in the world.

Statistics show that countries with the highest population density are dwarf states consisting of several cities. And the very first place among such countries is occupied by Monaco - a principality with a territory of less than 2 square kilometers. Next come:

• Singapore
• Vatican
• Bahrain
• Malta
• Maldives

Monaco

On the world map, Monaco is located between France and the Mediterranean Sea in the very south of Europe.

Due to the lack of territory, the population density here is very high. For the 36,000 residents of the country and foreigners who visit the tourist pearl annually, there are 1.95 square kilometers - that’s less than 200 hectares. Of these, 40 hectares were reclaimed from the sea.

The population density of Monaco is 18,000 people per 1 square kilometer.

Monaco consists of four cities merged with each other: Monte-ville, Monte-Carlo, La Condamine and the industrial center - Fontvieille.

The indigenous population of this country is the Monegasques, they constitute a minority (20%) of the 120 nationalities living here. Next come the Italians, then the French (more than 40% of the population). Other nationalities are represented by 20% of the population. The official language is French. Although there is a local dialect, which is an Italian-French mixture of languages.

According to the form of government, the country is a constitutional monarchy, power here is inherited. The prince rules together with the National Council, which consists exclusively of Monegasques.

The country does not have its own army, but there is a police force, as well as a royal guard of 65 people. In accordance with the agreement between France and Monaco, the former deals with defense issues.

The tiny state prospers at the expense of other states, offshore companies located in the country, and tourism. It is here that the starting stage of the famous Formula 1 race begins, and here is the world famous casino of Monaco, where gamblers flock, in whose countries gambling is prohibited.

Monaco is rich in attractions. Here you can find medieval and modern architecture in combination, and it will look harmonious.

Here are:

Museum of Prehistoric Anthropology, Museum of Old Monaco, Prince's Museum, represented by cars, Museum of Postage Stamps and Coins and other museums.

Among the historical monuments, the following stand out: Fort Antoine, two churches and a chapel, the Palace of Justice and the Prince's Palace.

Fontvey Gardens, the Princess Grace Garden, rose gardens, a zoo and much more.

Also other popular places here are the wax museum of the princely family or the oceanographic museum. The latter was discovered by Jacques-Yves Cousteau.

Since the country does not have its own airport, you can get to Monaco by flight to Nice or Cote d'Azur, and then take a taxi.

The country has introduced speed limits of about 50 km/h. The old town also has pedestrian areas. You can get around the city by bus or taxi. Travel by public transport will cost 1.5 euros.

Singapore

The city-state has an area of ​​719 square kilometers. It is located on 63 islands in Southeast Asia. It borders the islands of Indonesia and Malaysia.

Population density is 7,607 people per 1 square kilometer.

Its main population is Chinese (74%), Malays (13.4%) and Indians (9%).

There are four official languages:

• English
• Tamil
• Chinese (Mandarin)
• Malay

The most famous attractions are: the Chinese district of Chinatown, the Indian district, the zoo and Gardens by the Bay. You can get to Singapore by plane. Accommodation is possible in a budget hotel, since there are a sufficient number of them here. And you can get to it from the airport by taxi costing from 10 Singapore dollars or take the metro for 2 dollars.

Vatican

The dwarf enclave state on the territory of Rome was founded in 1929. The Vatican is the smallest state in the world, its area is only 0.4 square kilometers, the second after it is Monaco.

Population density is 2,030 people per square kilometer.

The population of the Vatican is 95% male, the total number of people living is 1,100. The official language of the Vatican is Latin. The head of the Vatican, the Pope, represents the Holy See.

On the territory of the Vatican there are palace complexes and museums (Egyptian and Pio Clementino), the residence of the Pope, St. Peter's Cathedral, the Sistine Chapel and other buildings. Since all the embassies in the Vatican do not fit, some of them, including the Italian one, are located in Italy, in the eastern part of Rome. The University of Pope Urban, the University of Thomas Aquinas and other educational institutions of the Vatican are also located there.

If you do not take into account the dwarf city-states, then the most populous country can be called Bangladesh. Next come:

• Taiwan,
• South Korea,
• Netherlands,
• Lebanon,
• India.

Mongolia can be called the most sparsely populated country in the world. There are only 2 people per 1 square kilometer.

Bangladesh

The area of ​​Bangladesh is 144,000 square kilometers.

The population density is 1,099 people per square kilometer.

The state is located in South Asia. The total number of people living in the country is 142 million. Bangladesh was formed in 1970. Borders with India and Myanmar. The official languages ​​in the country are English and Bengali.

The rich fauna and flora are the main attraction of this country. 150 species of reptiles, 250 mammals and 750 birds.

Among the country's attractions are:

Sundarbans National Park, Madhupur and other reserves,

architectural structures: Ahsan-Manzil Palace, Dhakeshwari Temple, mausoleums and mosques.

There is also a replica of the famous Taj Mahal in Bangladesh.

You can get to Bangladesh by plane with a transfer, since there are no direct transfers from Russia.

Taiwan

The Republic of China is not yet recognized by everyone; it is officially considered a province of China. The country's area is 36,178 square kilometers with a population of 23 million people.

The population density is 622 people per square kilometer.

The official language is Beijing Chinese. 20% of the country's territory is under state protection: nature reserves, reserves and much more. 400 species of butterflies, more than 3,000 species of fish, a large number of mammals and other animals attract tourists. There is also the opportunity to relax in the mountains.

You can get to Taiwan via Hong Kong to Kaohsiung International Airport. Rail travel is especially popular within the country.

In geopolitics there is such a thing as “population density.” It determines the demographic and economic potential of a country or a specific region. Of course, this indicator is considered conditional, and its value depends on the area of ​​the analyzed territory.

Explanation of the term

In geography, population density is determined by the number of people per unit area (1 square km). The more people live in a city, country, region, the greater this density.

At the same time, this is a purely statistical indicator that depends on the area of ​​the territory being studied. Thus, the number of people per unit area throughout Russia is significantly less than in Moscow, and significantly more than in Siberia, although both of these indicators are taken into account when determining national density.

And this applies not only to Russia, but to the entire area of ​​the Earth. The people on it are not evenly distributed. There are regions that are not populated at all, and there are places where the number of people exceeds 1000 per unit area.

Population distribution around the planet

According to statistics, the world's population density is very uneven. In general, the planet is home to approximately 40 people per square kilometer. Moreover, about 10% of the land is not inhabited at all.

90% of the world's inhabitants are concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere and 80% in the Eastern Hemisphere. Moreover, approximately 60% of all people on earth live in Asian countries.

Consequently, the number of people in the Southern and Western Hemispheres will be lower than the planetary average.

In the Northern regions of the Earth, the number of people is noticeably decreasing, and in Antarctica there are practically no people, except for single research groups. At the same time, the coasts of the seas and large rivers are very densely populated, which was facilitated by various historical and environmental factors.

Thus, we can safely say that the population on Earth is heterogeneous, influenced by a wide variety of factors. It is noteworthy that migration processes never stop. This gives us the right to assert that the population density of countries is a very dynamic indicator.

Factors on which world population density depends

Scientists argue that the nature of the population of certain territories depends on many factors. Some of them are subject to man, and some he must submit to.

First of all, these are climatic conditions. The more favorable the weather conditions for human life, the more people will settle in such an area. Consequently, in tropical countries, people settle more often in places close to water bodies. This also explains why very cold regions are practically undeveloped by humans.

Geographical conditions include proximity to fresh water. The larger the river, the larger the population on its banks. Man cannot survive in deserts because he constantly needs water.

The highlands are also unsuitable for life. In such places there is little oxygen, without which it is also difficult for people to live normally.

Environmental factors determine the areas where it is safest to live. For example, the area around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant is practically deserted, since there is a high background radiation on its territory.

Economic factors cause people to flock to places where there is work, and therefore the opportunity to get more money for their work.

Population density indicators in Russia

The large territory of the country guarantees us that the population density of Russia is very uneven. Its overall figure is close to 9 people per square kilometer. But this is very generalized data.

Thus, the European part of the country is 75% populated, although it makes up about 25% of the total area of ​​the country. Conversely, 25% of people live on 75% of the area of ​​its Asian part.

In big cities the number of people increases significantly, while in villages there are practically no people left. The closer to the south, the more Russians we will meet per unit area. The only exceptions will be desert regions, poorly suitable for life.

The uneven distribution of people across Russia is explained by the presence of different climatic conditions over a large area of ​​the state. It also happened historically that in some regions resettlement was more active than in others. And even today, migration processes further aggravate the situation with uneven settlement.

european part of Russia

The territory belonging to the European continent in Russia is no more than 25%. But this is where most of its citizens are concentrated. Together with the Urals, this is 75% of all people living in the country.

This is explained by the fact that there are large cultural and economic centers here, such as Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Veliky Novgorod. Thus, it turns out that here the average population density is almost 37 people per unit area.

Living conditions are also more favorable in the European part of the country. The climate here is mild. It promotes the development of agriculture and industry. Like a chain reaction, such features attract more and more people. Cultural life and infrastructure are developing. Population density is growing like a snowball. This is especially evident in the dynamics of large cities, which receive thousands of new residents every year.

Sparsely populated regions

Sadly, most of Russia's territory has a very low population density. In Russian Asia, the average is 2.4 people per square kilometer. This is significantly lower than in the country as a whole.

The most uninhabited area, Chukotka, is also located here. Here there are 0.07 people per unit area.

This is explained by the fact that the Far Eastern and Northern regions are practically unsuitable for life. At the same time, there are many mineral resources here. Modern people settle around their locations. The indigenous inhabitants here are dominated mainly by nomadic peoples who have learned to live without agriculture in the usual sense of the word.

Desert regions are also not very attractive for human migration. Therefore, the population density of Russia is extremely uneven. Today, there are many federal programs that promote resettlement in sparsely populated regions.

One of the most crowded cities in the world

There is also a record-breaking city on the map of Russia. It has a very high population density, even compared to other cities in the world. The top ten most densely populated settlements is completed by the capital, Moscow.

As of the beginning of 2015, the population density in this city was 4,858 people per square kilometer. This is a very high population density. And every year it only grows. In addition, statistical data are based on the official registration of residents and people temporarily residing in the capital. But there is also a contingent of illegal migrants not only from neighboring countries, but also from the interior of the country itself. Therefore, it can be argued that the real picture of overpopulation is much higher than the statistics show.

At the same time, the entire Moscow region is also very overpopulated. Together with Moscow, it amounts to 320 people per unit area. This is almost five times more than throughout the country.

Ways of settlement of people

To avoid overpopulation and develop uninhabited areas, there are several programs. The easiest way is to make the desert region attractive for migration. In this case, it is best to use migrant workers.

There have been many cases in history when new cities very quickly acquired a high population density.

For this purpose, highly qualified personnel were first attracted, who were offered high salaries and housing benefits. In parallel, infrastructure developed, providing jobs for their relatives. Over the course of several years, previously uninhabited regions became densely populated.

An example of such rapid settlement is the city of Pripyat near the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Within a few years it was filled with people, although before that there were only forests and swamps, unsuitable for life.

Monaco, a dwarf state, has 18,700 inhabitants per square kilometer of territory. By the way, the area of ​​Monaco is only 2 square kilometers. What about countries with the smallest population densities? Well, such statistics also exist, but the indicators may change slightly due to the constant change in the number of residents. However, the countries presented below end up on this list anyway. Let's watch!

Don't say you've never heard of such a country! The small state is located on the northeastern coast of South America, and this, by the way, is the only English-speaking country on the continent. Guyana's area is comparable to that of Belarus, with 90% of the people living in coastal areas. Almost half of Guyana's population are Indians, and blacks, Indians and other peoples of the world also live here.

Botswana, 3.4 people/sq.km

The state in South Africa, bordering South Africa, is 70% territory of the harsh Kalahari Desert. The area of ​​Botswana is quite large - the size of Ukraine, but there are 22 times fewer inhabitants than in this country. Botswana is predominantly inhabited by Tswana people, with small groups of other African peoples, most of whom are Christians.

Libya, 3.2 people/sq.km

The state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast is quite large in area, however, the population density is small. 95% of Libya is desert, but cities and settlements are distributed relatively uniformly throughout the country. The majority of the population is Arabs, with Berbers and Tuaregs living here and there, and there are small communities of Greeks, Turks, Italians and Maltese.

Iceland, 3.1 people/sq.km

The state in the north Atlantic Ocean is entirely located on a fairly large island of the same name, where the majority of Icelanders live, descendants of the Vikings who speak the Icelandic language, as well as Danes, Swedes, Norwegians and Poles. Most of them live in the Reykjavik area. Interestingly, the level of migration in this country is extremely low, despite the fact that many young people go to study in neighboring countries. After graduation, most return for permanent residence to their beautiful country.

Mauritania, 3.1 people/sq.km

The Islamic Republic of Mauritania is located in West Africa, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and bordered by Senegal, Mali and Algeria. The population density in Mauritania is approximately the same as in Iceland, but the territory of the country is 10 times larger, and there are also 10 times more people living here - about 3.2 million people, among whom most of the so-called black Berbers, historical slaves, and also white Berbers and blacks speaking African languages.

Suriname, 3 people/sq.km

The Republic of Suriname is located in the northern part of South America. A country the size of Tunisia is home to only 480 thousand people, but the population is constantly growing little by little (maybe Suriname will be on this list in 10 years, say). The local population is represented largely by Indians and Creoles, as well as Javanese, Indians, Chinese and other nations. There is probably no other country where so many languages ​​of the world are spoken!

Australia, 2.8 people/sq.km

Australia is 7.5 times larger than Mauritania and 74 times larger than Iceland. However, this does not prevent Australia from being one of the countries with the lowest population density. Two-thirds of Australia's population lives in 5 major mainland cities located on the coast. Once upon a time, until the 18th century, this continent was inhabited exclusively by Australian Aborigines, Torres Strait Islanders and Tasmanian Aborigines, who were very different from each other even in appearance, not to mention culture and language. After European immigrants, mostly from Great Britain and Ireland, moved to the distant “island,” the number of residents on the mainland began to grow very quickly. However, it is unlikely that the scorching heat of the desert, which occupies a decent part of the mainland’s territory, will ever be developed by humans, so only the coastal parts will be filled with inhabitants - which is what is happening now.

Namibia, 2.6 people/sq.km

The Republic of Namibia in southwest Africa is home to more than 2 million people, but due to the huge problem of HIV/AIDS, accurate figures fluctuate. Most of Namibia's population is made up of Bantu people and several thousand Mestizos, who live mainly in a community in Rehoboth. About 6% of the population are white - descendants of European colonists, some of whom retain their culture and language, but still, the majority speak Afrikaans.

Mongolia, 2 people/sq.km

Mongolia is currently the country with the lowest population density in the world. Mongolia is a large country, but only just over 3 million people live in the desert areas (although there is currently a slight population increase). 95% of the population are Mongols, Kazakhs, as well as Chinese and Russians are represented to a small extent. More than 9 million Mongolians are believed to live outside the country, mostly in China and Russia.

Man has inhabited almost 90% of the earth's land. They have developed territories that are more or less suitable for life and economic activity.

Population density of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Only the poles and the areas adjacent to them, the driest areas of deserts, highlands, and glaciers remained uninhabited.

How are people located on the earth's surface?

The Earth's population is distributed very unevenly across its surface.

To see this, just look at a map showing the world's population density. Population density is the number of inhabitants per 1 km2 of territory. In 2009, the average population density on the surface of the globe developed by humans was 50 people.

People are unevenly distributed across the planet's hemispheres. Most of them live in the Northern (90%) and Eastern (85%) hemispheres. The distribution of the population on individual continents and their parts is different. Even more significant are the differences in the distribution of populations across the world.

What influences the placement of people?

Warmth and moisture, topography and soil fertility, and sufficient air are of great importance for human life.

Therefore, cold and arid areas, as well as high mountains, where it is difficult to breathe due to lack of oxygen, are sparsely populated.

Humanity has long been drawn to the sea.

The proximity to it made it possible to obtain food and conduct economic activities related to marine fishing. Sea routes opened up the possibility of communication with other regions of the Earth.

Population density is also affected by how long ago the territory was developed. Today, four areas of historical settlement on Earth have the highest population density: South and East Asia, Western Europe and eastern North America.

Human adaptation to natural conditions

Adaptation to natural conditions is manifested not only in the appearance of people belonging to different races.

The characteristics of nature influence the appearance of homes, people’s clothing, food and methods of preparing it. Different tools and building materials are used in different parts of the Earth. And although in the modern world all these differences are gradually disappearing, they can still be observed, especially in rural areas.

Placement of people on the planet Wikipedia
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Answers to State Examination Tests in Geography

The distribution of the population is influenced by several factors:

1. Natural and climatic conditions - the more favorable the conditions for human life, the greater the population density (plains of the North Caucasus, Central Black Earth region), on the contrary, in regions with extreme natural conditions the population density is insignificant (European North, northern Siberia and the Far East) .

Relief - as a rule, plains are more densely populated than mountains, while in mountainous regions in intermountain basins a very high population density can be observed (North Caucasus).

3. Economic development and development of the territory - in regions with developed industry or agriculture, the population density is greater, which leads to the continuous settlement of the territory (the European part of Russia, the south of Western Siberia), and in economically backward regions (Kalmykia) or in areas of new development ( European North, northern Siberia and the Far East) are characterized by focal settlement around some center of development.

Traditions of the population - for example, the peoples of the Far North need vast territories for hunting and reindeer herding.

5. Sources of fresh water play a decisive role in desert regions, when almost the entire population is concentrated in oases (Kalmykia).

List the regions with the highest population density in Russia

Transport routes - in Russia, the underdeveloped regions of the North, Siberia and the Far East are characterized by a concentration of population along the main transport routes - along rivers or main railways (for example, along the Trans-Siberian Railway).

The uneven distribution of the population leads to an excess of labor resources and increased unemployment in some regions (the national republics of the North Caucasus) and a sharp shortage in resource-producing regions (the European North, the north of Western Siberia, Eastern Siberia and the Far East), which complicates the development of the Asian part of the country.

The population of Russia is extremely unevenly distributed across its territory.

What are the main reasons that determine the uneven distribution of the population, what problems arise in connection with this? Wikipedia
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Why America is not Russia: a history of US cities

The history of any state is, first of all, the history of its cities. In the USA, the dynamics of the development of the country's cities has been published. It shows that several large agglomerations have always existed in the country at the same time and situations where one city (like Moscow in the Russian Federation) openly dominates the entire country have not arisen there.

The last warriors

A series of documentaries dedicated to the wild and original tribes of Africa.

The life of the Woodabi and Tuareg tribes is a daily struggle for survival in the merciless desert heat. The Mursi are a people whose lives are determined by what is visible in the night sky. They sacrifice animals, fight enemy tribes, women express devotion to their warrior husbands by stretching their lips to unimaginable sizes.

In the southern part of Ethiopia, two exotic tribes live - the Hamar and the Karo. While at war with neighboring tribes, they have lived in peace and harmony with each other for many centuries.

The population explosion through the eyes of a biologist

Dolnik V. R.

This publication differs from many others in that a biologist writes about demographic problems.

With the development of ethology, social biology and other sciences about animal behavior, biologists began to encroach on a special point of view regarding the behavior of Homo sapiens. Naturally, this causes an unfavorable reaction among sociologists and psychologists; the invasion of aliens from biology into their protected territory seems at first like blasphemy.

And still…

Tribal Odyssey

National Geographic

This series of documentaries is dedicated to the tribes of Africa who live directly next to nature, preserving their ancient cultural traditions, customs, and way of life.

Genetic portrait of the Russian people

Oleg Balanovsky

Hamburg account

Russians have many relatives in language, culture, and geography.

History of civilization through the eyes of an ecologist

Dmitry Dvinin

Environmental challenges have arisen throughout human history; some peoples have coped with them, while others have perished without finding an adequate response.

Countries with the lowest population density

Modern ecology, based on a systems approach, can provide new answers to questions about the development of civilization. At the lecture you will learn how you can study ecology in the past, why Marx was wrong and whether it is possible to predict the future and manage the development of mankind.

Are there biological mechanisms for regulating human numbers?

Victor Dolnik

Forced sterilization is a crime against humanity

Involuntary sterilization is a government program that forces people to undergo surgical or chemical sterilization.

In the first half of the 20th century, such programs were started in several countries around the world, including the United States, usually as part of eugenics research, and were intended to prevent the reproduction of people believed to carry defective genetic traits.

Forced sterilization: how they fought for the purity of the gene pool in the USA

North Carolina authorities have ordered multi-million dollar compensation to be paid to state residents who suffered from forced sterilization policies in the early and mid-20th century.

They were deprived of the opportunity to have children in accordance with the then popular doctrine of preserving the purity of the gene pool of the population. However, it was not only North Carolina that became interested in eugenics in the United States; tens of thousands of Americans became victims of this theory.

Initiation rites: from circumcision to army hazing

In all countries of the world, the concept of masculinity has its own meaning, and residents of different countries themselves determine when a boy can be considered a man.

In modern civilized society, to become a man you need to reach puberty, start a family, and gain status in society. But in various tribes, in order to be considered a real man, you often need to go through terrible initiation rites, including pain and humiliation. And only after this the boy can rightfully bear the title of a real man.

Basic patterns of population distribution.
About 70% of the population is concentrated on 7% of the territory, and 15% of the land is completely uninhabited.

90% of the population lives in the northern hemisphere.

Over 50% of the population is up to 200 m above sea level, and up to 45% is up to 500 m above sea level (only in Bolivia, Peru and China (Tibet) the human habitat limit exceeds 5000 m)

about 30% are at a distance of no more than 50 km from the seashore, and 53% are in a 200-km coastal strip.

80% of the population is concentrated in the eastern hemisphere average density: 45 people/km2 on 1/2 of the land population density less than 5 people/km2 maximum population density: Bangladesh - 1002 people/km2

World population density

People are distributed extremely unevenly on the planet.

Approximately 1/10 of the land is still uninhabited (Antarctica, almost all of Greenland, and so on).

According to other estimates, about half of the land has a density of less than 1 person per square kilometer; for 1/4 the density ranges from 1 to 10 people per 1 square kilometer.

km and only the rest of the land has a density of more than 10 people per 1 square kilometer. On the populated part of the Earth (ecumene), the average population density is 32 people per square meter.

80% live in the eastern hemisphere, 90% live in the northern hemisphere, and 60% of the total population of the Earth lives in Asia.

Obviously, there is a group of countries with a very high population density - over 200 people per square kilometer.

It includes countries such as Belgium, the Netherlands, Great Britain, Israel, Lebanon, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, the Republic of Korea, Rwanda, El Salvador, etc.

In a number of countries, the density indicator is close to the world average - in Ireland, Iraq, Colombia, Malaysia, Morocco, Tunisia, Mexico, etc.

Some countries have lower densities than the world average - in them it is no more than 2 people per 1 km2.

This group includes Mongolia, Libya, Mauritania, Namibia, Guiana, Australia, Greenland, etc.

Reasons for uneven population

The uneven distribution of population on the planet is explained by a number of factors.
Firstly, it is the natural environment. For example, it is known that 1/2 of the world's population is concentrated in lowlands, although they make up less than 30% of the landmass; 1/3 of the people live at a distance of no more than 50 kilometers from the sea (the area of ​​this strip is 12% of the land) - the population seems to be shifted towards the sea.

This factor has probably been the leading one throughout human history, but its influence weakens with socio-economic development. And although vast areas with extreme and unfavorable natural conditions (deserts, tundras, highlands, tropical forests, etc.) are still poorly populated, natural factors alone cannot explain the expansion of ecumene areas and those huge shifts in the distribution of people who have occurred over the last century.
Secondly, the historical factor has a fairly strong influence.

This is due to the duration of the process of human settlement on Earth (about 30 - 40 thousand years).
Thirdly, the distribution of the population is affected by the current demographic situation. Thus, in some countries the population is growing very quickly due to high natural growth.

In addition, within any country or region, no matter how small, the population density is different and varies greatly depending on the level of development of the productive forces.

It follows that average population density indicators provide only an approximate idea of ​​the population and economic potential of the country.

This uneven distribution of the population is caused by a number of interrelated factors: natural, historical, demographic and socio-economic.

The population is distributed very unevenly across the globe.

This is due to the influence of a large number of factors that can be divided into three groups.

· Natural. They were decisive in the settlement of people before the transition of mankind to agriculture and animal husbandry.

The most important ones here include absolute height, relief, climate, the presence of water bodies, and natural zonality as a complex factor.

· Socio-economic. These factors are directly related to the development of human civilization and their influence on the distribution of the population increased with the development of productive forces. Despite the fact that human society will never fully acquire independence from nature, at present it is the factors belonging to this group that are decisive in the formation of the Earth's settlement system.

These include the development of new territories, the development of natural resources, the construction of various economic facilities, population migration, etc.

· Environmental factors. In fact, they also relate to socio-economic ones.

However, starting from the last quarter of the 20th century, their influence increased sharply, which became the basis for their separation into a separate group. The influence of these factors is no longer determined only by individual local events (the Chernobyl accident, the Aral Sea problem, etc.), but is increasingly becoming global in nature (problems of pollution of the World Ocean, the greenhouse effect, ozone holes, etc.).

Historically, most of the population has lived in Asia.

Currently, there are more than 3.8 billion people in this part of the world (2003), which is over 60.6% of the population of our planet. America and Africa are almost equal in population (approximately 860 million each).

people, or 13.7% each), Australia and Oceania lag significantly behind the rest (32 million people, 0.5% of the world population.

Asia is where most of the countries have the largest population.

Among them, China has long been the leader in this indicator (1289 million people, 2003), followed by India (1069 million people), the USA (291.5 million people), Indonesia (220.5 million people). people). Seven more countries have a population of over 100 million people: Brazil (176.5 million people), Pakistan (149.1 million people), Bangladesh (146.7 million people).

people), Russia (144.5 million people), Nigeria (133.8 million people), Japan (127.5 million people) and Mexico (104.9 million people). At the same time, the population of Grenada, Dominica, Tonga, Kiribati, and the Marshall Islands was only 0.1 million.

Population density of Russia. World Population Density

The main indicator of population distribution is its density. This figure is growing as the population increases and currently the world average is 47 people/km. However, it is significantly differentiated by regions of the world, countries and, in most cases, by different regions of countries, which is determined by the previously mentioned groups of factors. Among the parts of the world, the highest population density is in Asia - 109 people/km, Europe - 87 people/km, America - 64 people/km.

Africa and Australia and Oceania are significantly behind them - 28 people/km and 2.05 people/km, respectively. Differences in population density across individual countries are even more pronounced. Smaller states are usually more densely populated. Among them, Monaco (11,583 people/km, 2003) and Singapore (6,785 people/km) stand out. Among others: Malta – 1245 people/km, Bahrain – 1016 people/km, Republic of Maldives – 999 people/km. In the group of larger countries, Bangladesh leads (1019 people/km), significant density in Taiwan - 625 people/km, the Republic of Korea - 483 people/km, Belgium - 341 people/km, Japan - 337 people/km, India - 325 people /km.

At the same time, in Western Sahara the density does not exceed 1 person/km, in Suriname, Namibia and Mongolia – 2 people/km, in Canada, Iceland, Australia, Libya, Mauritania and a number of other countries – 3 people/km.

In the Republic of Belarus, the density indicator is close to the world average and is 48 people/km.

Demographic factor

Demographic factors have a great influence on the rational distribution of productive forces. When locating individual enterprises and sectors of the economy, it is necessary to take into account both the existing demographic situation in a given place and the future situation, as well as the future growth of production itself.

When locating the construction of new economic facilities, it should be borne in mind that the working age population is declining. Therefore, the task is to save labor resources, use them more rationally, free up labor as a result of comprehensive mechanization and automation of production, and better organization of labor.

The current demographic situation is characterized by great unevenness of settlement.

The regions of the European part of the country are more densely populated: Central, Northwestern, Northern Caucasus. At the same time, the regions of Siberia and the Far East and North have a very low population density.

Therefore, when constructing new large production facilities in the east and north of the country, it is necessary to attract labor resources from the populous European regions of the country to these areas, create a favorable social infrastructure for them in order to secure these personnel in the newly developed areas with extreme conditions.

In connection with the growth of production in the eastern regions of the country and the acute shortage of labor resources in them, especially highly qualified personnel, the tasks of all-round intensification of production, accelerating the training of qualified personnel and attracting labor resources from the European regions of the country to new construction projects are being set.

The labor factor is also of great importance in the future development of agriculture, where there is a significant shortage of labor resources.

Only the solution of the most important social problems in the countryside, private ownership of land, bringing the living standards of the city and countryside closer together, and the comprehensive development of housing construction and other infrastructure sectors will make it possible to retain personnel, especially young people, in the countryside.

An important aspect of personnel policy that influences the development and location of production is the wage factor, especially for the regions of the North, eastern regions, i.e.

i.e. labor-scarce areas with extreme conditions, sparsely populated.

Moscow 11,514.30 Central
2 St. Petersburg 8,081.17 North-West
3 Moscow region 154.19 Central
4 Republic of Ingushetia 96.05 North Caucasian
5 Republic of North Ossetia-Alania 89.11 North Caucasus
6 Republic of Chechnya 84.61 North Caucasus
7 Republic of Kabardino-Balkaria 68.78 North Caucasus
8 Krasnodar region 68.76 South
9 Republic of Chuvashia 68.39 Privolzhsky
10 Kaliningrad region 62.35 North-West
11 Tula region 60.46 Central
12 Samara region 59.99 Privolzhsky
13 Republic of Dagestan 59.19 North Caucasus
14 Republic of Adygea 57.95 South
15 Belgorod region 56.56 Central
16 Republic of Tatarstan 55.68 Privolzhsky
17 Vladimir region 49.81 Central
18 Lipetsk region 48.66 Central
19 Voronezh region 44.58 Central
20 Ivanovo region 44.46 Central
21 Nizhny Novgorod region 44.26 Privolzhsky
22 Rostov region 42.45 Yuzhny
23 Stavropol Territory 41.90 North Caucasus
24 Chelyabinsk region 39.57 Ural
25 Kursk region 37.80 Central