Nouns are presented that are used only in the singular and only in the plural.
As in the Russian language, in English there are nouns that are used either only in the singular or only in the plural.
1. Uncountable nouns, as a rule, are used only in the singular. For example, salt - salt, copper - copper, patience - patience. That is, this series of nouns usually includes abstract and real nouns.
2. In the English language, there are a number of nouns that can only be used in the singular, although in Russian we can use them in the plural. Remember the following series of nouns:
Knowledge - knowledge, knowledge
advice - advice, advice
progress - success, progress
information - information, messages, information
Look at examples with these nouns.
Give him the benefit of your knowledge - Share your knowledge with him.
Father's advice helped me - Father's advice helped me.
You make progress in football - You are making progress in football.
We have information that you were there yesterday - We have information that you were there yesterday.
3. Remember that a noun news - news, news refers to the singular, although the word has a plural form. Study the following example.
Don"t tell me the bad news - Don't tell me the bad news.
4. Sciences that end in -ics must be used in the singular, despite the fact that they have a plural form. For example, such nouns include physics, mathematics. Study the following example.
Statistics is a necessary branch of learning for an economist - Statistics is a necessary discipline for an economist.
5. In Russian, the words hair - hair and money - money are used only in the plural, but you should remember that these nouns in English are used only in the singular form.
Consider the following examples.
My hair is curly - My hair is wavy.
This money is yours - This money is yours.
6. In Russian, a noun holidays has only a plural form, while in English this noun can only be used in the singular.
My vacation was wonderful - My vacation was wonderful.
7. Word fruit in Russian it can have both singular and plural forms, however, in English this noun is used only in the singular.
Fruit is healthy - Fruits are good for health.
But in this rule, you need to take into account that if we are talking about different types of fruits, then you need to use the plural form - fruits. Study the following example.
I bought peaches, pears and other fruits - I bought peaches, pears and other fruits.
8. In the Russian language there are a number of nouns that are used only in the plural. These nouns usually denote paired objects. For example, scales, trousers, scissors etc. In English they are also used only in the plural form. Study the following examples.
These scissors are made of steel - These scissors are made of steel.
My trousers are black - My trousers are black.
These scales are wrong - These scales are inaccurate.
9. Study the following series of nouns:
Arms - weapons
goods - goods, goods
proceeds - revenue
clothes - clothes
riches - wealth, riches
stairs - stairs.
The above nouns in Russian are usually used in the singular, but in English they are used only in the plural form. Study examples with these nouns.
These arms are highly explosive - These weapons are explosive.
The goods were counterfeit - The product(s) were counterfeit(s).
The proceeds of our shop were in a bank - The proceeds of our store were in the bank.
Your clothes are dirty - Your clothes are dirty.
The riches are not so important for some people - Wealth is not so important for some people.
The stairs are made of wood - The stairs are made of wood.
10. In Russian nouns wage And content are used only in the singular form, while in English these nouns are usually used in the plural form - wages, contents.
The contents of the book are not understandable for reader - The contents of the book are not clear to the reader.
My wages are low - My wage low.
11. Study the following nouns:
oats - oats
potatoes - potatoes
carrots - carrots
onions - onion.
The nouns listed above are used in the plural, although in Russian they have a singular form. Study sentences with these nouns.
Oats were imported a month ago - Oats were imported from abroad a month ago.
Potatoes are used for different dishes - Potatoes are used for different dishes.
Carrots are necessary ingredient for palaw - Carrots are a necessary ingredient for pilaf.
Onions were cut an hour ago - The onion was cut an hour ago.
But you should remember that these nouns are used in the singular if we mean one unit of something. For example, a carrot - carrot (one root).
12. The last rule of this topic relates to the noun people - people. In English it is used in the plural.
There are very many people in the theater today - Today there are a lot of people in the theater.
If the word people means nation or people, then this noun can be used in both the plural and singular. In the plural it sounds like peoples. Study the following examples.
The people of a neighboring country is on strike - The people of a neighboring country are on strike.
During the war the peoples of our country combined their efforts - During the war, the peoples of our country combined their efforts.
Class: 6 "B"
Teacher: Tatarinova A.V.
Lesson topic: “Nouns that have only a singular or only a plural form.”
Lesson structure:
1. Organizational moment. Psychological attitude
2. Checking the assimilation of previously studied.
3. Stage of discovery of new knowledge.
4. Work on the topic of the lesson. Statement of a problem situation (introduction to the topic).
5. Studying new material.
6. Consolidation of knowledge on the covered topic. Working with the textbook...
7. Generalization and systematization of knowledge.
8. Homework.
9. Summing up the lesson.
Lesson objectives:
1) correctional and educational : developing students’ knowledge about nouns that have only a singular or only a plural form.
2) correctional and educational : formation of positive learning motivation and development of interest in learning the Russian language.
3) correctional and developmental : correction and development of speech, attention, thinking.
Planned result:
know: nouns that have only a singular or only a plural form;
be able to: distinguish between nouns that have only a singular form and nouns that have only a plural form, correctly form difficult plural forms;
learn: exactly, it is appropriate to use in speech nouns that have only a singular or only a plural form.
Equipment: projector, screen, computer, computer presentation, didactic material (cards with differentiated tasks), “emoticons” for reflection, Russian language textbook - Galunchikova N.G., Yakubovskaya E.V. Russian language. Textbook for 6th grade of special (correctional) educational institutions of the VIII type, Moscow, “Prosveshchenie”, 2014.
Organizing time. Psychological mood.
Everyone is ready for class!
Wake up! Do not be lazy!
To achieve a lot
You need to study well!
Exercise “Pendulum with head” (“Small pendulum”)
Starting position: stand straight, feet slightly narrower than shoulder width.
Lower your head down, look at the floor - take a sharp short breath. Raise your head up, look at the ceiling - take a sharp short breath. The exhalation goes out passively in the intervals between inhalations, while the head does not stop in the middle. Under no circumstances should you strain your neck.
2. Checking the assimilation of previously studied.
Guys, tell me what two forms of number are nouns. (Nouns can have a singular form or a plural form.)
Group these nouns ( book, lessons, flower, tree) depending on their number and fill in the missing form of the number. How many columns will there be? ( Two columns: singular and plural).
Let's check what happened. (Book - books, lesson - lessons, flower - flowers, tree - trees).
Now let's read the text on the slide:
We suggest baking for teacookie. Yeast you won't need it. Beat two eggs with a glassSahara . Add half a glasssour cream Andkefir . Add somesoda and pour inflour. Kneaddough and roll it out. Cut out the shapes and bake them. Sprinkle the finished cookies with gratedchocolate. Serve totea, milk , cream Bon appetit!
Write down the highlighted words in the nominative case in our columns depending on their number.
Did everything work out for you?
3. Stage of discovery of new knowledge.
The teacher helps students come to the conclusion that nouns kefir, sugar, cookies, sour cream, soda, flour, dough, chocolate, tea, milk impossible to put into plural form, and nouns yeast And cream impossible to put into singular form.
Read the text of the textbook on page 111. Does this information coincide with our conclusions? ( Yes, it matches).
We must remember how dictionary words are written kefir, cookies, sour cream, chocolate. (On the desk).
4. Working on the topic of the lesson. Statement of a problem situation (introduction to the topic).
Guys, how would you determine the topic of our lesson today? ( Nouns that have only a singular or only a plural form).
Why do we need to know this? (To speak and write such words correctly, to be literate people).
5. Learning new material.
1) - And if you still need to say about sour cream or milk in the plural, then how can you get out of the situation? (Students offer their own options.)
Look at the picture of the textbook on page 111. (The picture shows packs of milk, kefir, cottage cheese, sour cream. Students come to the conclusion that they can say with the phrase: several packs of milk, cottage cheese, sour cream, kefir).
2) - Look at the pictures and decipher the words. What is their feature?
Rebuses
What meanings do nouns have that have only a singular form?
1. Names of many identical persons and objects: youth, children, students, foliage.
2. Names of substances, materials, food products: gasoline, honey, milk, kerosene.
3. Names of plants: peas, cabbage, carrots, rye.
4. Names of qualities and properties: whiteness, youth, darkness, freshness.
5. Names of actions and states: reading, walking, surprise, swimming.
6. Proper names of individual objects: Moscow, Volga, Ryazan, Oka.
Eye exercise “Seven-flowered”
3) - Now let’s try to solve the crossword puzzle. If we have any difficulties, those for whom it was homework will help us.
Crossword
Annex 1.
What do all these words have in common? ( All of them are used only in the plural form).
- What meanings do nouns have that only have a plural form?
Names of paired or multi-part objects:
trousers, scales, collars, scissors, stretchers, glasses, rakes, vices.
Name of materials or their waste, residues: whitewash, perfume, canned food (con- (lat.) “with”, servo - store (lat.)), sawdust, bran.
Names of games: burners, tag, blind man's buff, chess.
Names of time periods: day, weekdays, vacations.
Geographical names: Athens, Alps, Carpathians, Mytishchi, Sochi.
6. Consolidation of knowledge on the covered topic. Working with the textbook.
1) - Study the exercise. 184 on page 112. Think about your work plan. Tell us about how you will work. ( Students plan their activities:
1) name the objects in the picture; 2) identify the missing letters in the words from the frame; 3) distribute the words from the frame into groups).
Oral work with exercise 184:
name the words shown in the picture, determine their number ( glasses, scissors, pliers, rakes - these words have only a plural form);
We determine the letters missing in the words from the frame.
Written work with exercise 184 in pairs:
we select words from the frame according to these groups: nouns that have only a singular form: 1st pair - names of products, 2nd pair - names of metals; nouns that have only a plural form: 3rd pair - names of products, 4th pair - names of tools, 5th pair - names of games, all together - names of liquid substances).
Control stage.
Checking the work. Each pair reads out the group of words they wrote down. Students determine whether each other completed the task correctly.
PHYSICAL MINUTE
If you hear a noun that only has a singular form, you crouch; if it is a noun that only has a plural form, you clap your head.
Lemonade, scissors, oxygen, blind man's buff, courage, vacation, chess, silver, youth, joy, sled.
“Add a word.”
Heroically Lena with laziness
I fought all day
But, unfortunately,
Defeated Lena _________.
Olya tormented the comb,
I was getting my hair done for school.
I was tormented, I was tormented,
Yes it turned out _________.
Taras shook and shook his briefcase,
To find notebooks,
But notebooks every time
They played __________ with him.
The quarter has started again
The clock ticked
And the question oppresses me,
Is it _______________ soon?
Students are asked to find and write down nouns that have only one number. The work is checked out loud. (Laziness - singular, scarecrow - singular, hide and seek - plural, vacation - plural)
You often shout: “Hurray! Holidays!" This simple earthly word owes its appearance to heaven.
The ancient Romans called Sirius, the brightest star in the constellation Canis Major, a holiday. On the brightest days (from mid-July to late August) The sun was passing through this constellation. Then they took a break from classes and the holidays came. At first, only summer vacations were called vacations. Then the word holidays began to refer to any break in learning: summer, winter, spring. That's why we now say: summer holidays, winter holidays, spring holidays.
– Determine whether the number of nouns is formed correctly.
1. uprising - uprising
2. gate - gate
3. silver - silver
4. thaw - thaw
5. quote - quotes
6. canned food - canned food
7. beets - beets
8. sorrel – sorrel
Let's check.
Correct: 1. uprising – uprisings
5. quote – quotes
Musical dictation.
Now we’ll play with you and improve our mood a little. What improves our mood? (Music). You need to find plural nouns in the given passage from the song, as well as guess the song itself.
Oh you canopy, my canopy, my new canopy
The canopy is new, maple, patterned.
If I'm scratching my head, no problem!
There is sawdust in my head - yes! Yes! Yes!
In what form are the words used? canopy And sawdust? (In plural form).
Generalization and systematization of knowledge.
What new did you learn in the lesson?
(Based on the lesson materials, students answer the question)
Homework.
And now homework. It will be individual for everyone.
Summing up the lesson.
Final words from the teacher.
Guys, you are all great. They coped well with the difficulties that arose in the lesson. (Grading).
Now evaluate your mood and work in class. When leaving, use a “smiley” on the board to rate your well-being. (The slide shows “emoticons” and comments to them: a cheerful “emoticon” - “I was interested!”; a gloomy “emoticon” - “I was bored...”; a sad “emoticon” - “It was difficult for me”).
Appendix 2.
Additional tasks.
1.Copy and guess riddles. Write down the answers in two columns.
Units Pl.
Well, who's ready with his two swords
Cross over a piece of paper? Scissors.
On this side and on this side
There are horses and elephants in cages.
But they can't resist
So as not to fight with each other. Chess.
First, you fly at them from the mountain,
And then you pull them up the hill. Sled.
White like snow. In honor of everyone.
It got into my mouth and disappeared there. Sugar.
Wooden horses gallop through the snow,
And they don’t fall into the snow. Skis.
The white pebble melted and left marks on the board. Chalk.
The red maiden sits in prison, and the scythe is on the street. Carrot.
White stone from the mountain
Always on the table.
Who doesn't eat it?
He doesn't know the taste. Salt.
Fill in the column of the explanatory dictionary. Write down the resulting sentences in your notebook.
Agricultural implement with rare
teeth for raking hay.
Metal tool for
pulling out nails.
Cutting tool with two sharp
Tool for clamping machining
required material.
Write the games you know in two columns.
Board games Outdoor games
Mark the nouns that have only one number.
Write the phrases in two columns: 1) with nouns that have only a singular form; 2) with nouns that have only a plural form.
Birch firewood, early frosts, beeswax, painted railings, oak furniture, road dust, replaced glasses, bought a watch, precision scales, toilet soap, lilacs bloomed, cloudy weather, choice wheat, the holidays began.
Units Pl.
Write the phrases in two columns: 1) with nouns that have only a singular form; 2) with nouns that have only a plural form.
Leather shoes, small money, blue ink, snow-white linen, carefree laughter, chestnut curls, strong friendship, cheerful name days, extra troubles, cauliflower, French perfume, linden honey, hot pepper.
Units Pl.
There are many minerals in the bowels of the earth: (...). 2. The grocery store received the necessary products: (...). 3. In the summer we picked berries in the forest: (...).
Complete the sentences using nouns that have only the singular form.
Positive human qualities: kindness, …., …. ; negative qualities: rudeness, …., …. .
In the garden we sowed carrots, …., … and planted potatoes, …., …. .
Write down the nouns in the following order:
Used only in the singular;
Used only in the plural;
Used in singular and plural.
Territory, sled, grove, vacation, oil, chess, relatives, ticks, twilight, name, teacher, bottom, cream, hay, sugar, gate, ink.
Guess the riddles. Write them down along with the answers.
Two ends, two rings, carnations in the middle. (Scissors)
Without legs, but they walk, without arms, but they point. (Watch)
They always walk, but never leave their place. (Watch)
Round, white, cute to the whole world. (Money/coins)
They have teeth, but don't bite. (Rake)
I'll lay it in the evening and lie quietly all night. (Gate is locked)
Everyone knows that nouns are inflected, that is, they change according to cases and numbers. But does the phrase from the song performed by Marina Khlebnikova sound correct:
Shall I pour you an invigorating cup of coffee?
There are exceptions to every rule. Thus, the word “coffee” refers to indeclinable nouns. It is not used in the plural and does not change according to cases. The correct usage is “a cup of coffee.” The topic of our article will be such exceptions - nouns that have only a singular form. Let's take a closer look.
Nouns: number
It exists not only in mathematics. Nouns also have the number category. Knowing this means using them correctly both in oral speech and in writing. Most nouns denote objects that can be counted. For this purpose, the Russian language has categories of both singular and plural. The most difficult thing is to understand that there are nouns that have only a singular form, or, conversely, only a plural form. At the same time, other nuances arise in speech.
Thus, there are cases when plurality is expressed by the singular form of a noun. An example is the phrase: “The enemy will not pass!” This clearly refers to the enemy army, and not one specific person.
There is a predominant use of individual nouns in the plural:
- gossip;
- rein;
- skis.
Although this is a part of speech that changes by numbers, and the use of words is quite acceptable:
- gossip;
- rein;
- ski.
Most often, the following nouns do not have a plural form:
- real;
- collective;
- distracted;
Let's look at this in more detail using examples.
Designation of substance, material
What are these words? Singular nouns denoting objects with real meaning. There are quite a lot of them, as evidenced by examples:
- sugar;
- milk;
- petrol;
- water;
- asphalt;
- cotton;
- ceramics;
- porcelain.
These nouns cannot be formed into another form, including the plural. You cannot add the endings -я, -а, -и, -ы to them.
Only singular nouns: examples of collective nouns
The names of sets of identical objects or persons are what we call collective nouns. They bring together those who have some common characteristic:
- students (everyone who studies at universities);
- youth (part of the population under the age of 30);
- youth (young people from 14 to 21 years old);
- childhood (from 0 to 18 years).
Collective nouns that have only a singular form can also refer to inanimate objects:
- foliage;
- spruce forest;
- Flora.
This is just something to remember.
Abstract nouns
These are words that cannot be represented objectively, nor can they be counted. These include names:
- quality or characteristic (youth, darkness, dexterity, blueness);
- states or actions (mowing, chopping, fighting, anger, delight).
How to learn to identify only singular nouns? Examples of tasks will help you cope with the task.
Thus, you can choose antonyms for words that, by analogy, also cannot be used in the plural:
- running;
- force;
- aggression;
- stuffiness;
- honesty.
(Answers: walking, weakness, calm, freshness, lie).
From a literary text, you can write out all the nouns in three columns according to the principle:
- used in two numbers;
- only in one thing;
- only in the plural.
Thanks to this, it will become clearer that there are much more of the former.
Features: inanimate noun, proper
The singular for proper names is more common. They are rarely used in plural form. This often applies to surnames, if you have to distinguish an entire group of people based on the principle of kinship. Example:
- Only the Galkins, Lazarevs and Ivanovskys lived in the small village.
- The Kuznetsov family was distinguished by enviable health.
If a proper name acts as a single object and is inanimate, then it must be used in the singular:
- Moscow.
- Volga.
- Mercury.
- Ural.
- Uruguay.
This also applies to compound names:
- "First channel";
- "Around the World" program;
- painting "Mona Lisa".
But this is not a complete list. Of course, these are not all nouns that only have a singular form.
Something to remember
In the Russian language, words ending in -mya do not have plural forms. These nouns are simply worth remembering:
- crown;
- burden;
- udder;
- flame.
But a tribe is tribes, a seed is seeds.
So, we list only singular nouns, examples of which we present in the table.
Another condition by which one can determine that a noun does not have plurality is the absence of a combination with
It is mainly countable nouns that are modified by numbers. Uncountable nouns are usually used only in the singular form:
sugar - sugar, love - love, friendship - friendship.
They are used in the plural only when we mean the variety of species, concepts expressed by them, or when they are used in another meaning in which they are already countable. For example:
air - air, movement - movement (as a general concept), music - music, milk - milk, knowledge - knowledge, hair - hair (on a person’s head).
BUT: air - aria, melody - "airs - arias, melodies, movement - movement (for example, political or in dance) -> movements - movements (the same), hair - hair -" hairs - hairs, etc.
The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding the ending -s to the singular form:
book - book -» books - books, day - day -> days - days, house - house -> houses - houses.
Reading the ending "-s":
after voiceless consonants - [s]: books
after voiced consonants and vowels -[z]: friends, days
after hissing and whistling (-es) - : boxes [‘boksiz]
Exception l. Singular nouns ending in letters o, s, ss, sh, ch, x(hissing and whistling, as they are called), have the plural ending -es:
hero - hero -> heroes - heroes, kiss - kiss -> kisses - kisses, brush - brush -> brushes - brushes, bench - bench -> benches - benches, box - box -> boxes - boxes.
BUT: In words of foreign origin ending in o, in the plural, only the ending is added to the noun -s:
piano - grand piano -> pianos - grand pianos, photo - photography -» photos - photographs.
Exception 2. For nouns ending in y with a preceding consonant, y is dropped and the ending is added instead -ies, which reads [-iz]:
country [‘kAntri] - country -> countries - countries, city - city cities - cities, family - family families - families.
BUT: If u is preceded by a vowel, then the plural is formed according to the general rule, i.e. by adding the ending -s:
day - day -» days - days, boy - boy -» boys - boys.
3. Twelve nouns ending in -f or -fe, in the plural these letters are lost. Instead of -f or -fe, the ending is added -ves. These are the nouns:
wife - wife, life - life, knife - knife, wolf - wolf, self - essence, human appearance, calf - calf, shelf - shelf, leaf - leaf (plant), loaf - loaf (of bread), thief - thief, half - half, sheaf - pack (of paper), etc.
For example: wife - wives - wives, knife - knife -> knives - knives, shelf - shelf -> shelves - shelves.
4. Some nouns form their plural by changing the root vowel:
man - man -> men - men, woman - woman -» women - women, foot - leg feet - legs, tooth - tooth -» teeth - teeth.
HO: child - child -> children - children.
5. For compound nouns, the plural is formed by adding the ending -s to the second word:
armchairs - armchairs, bookcases - bookcases.
BUT: If these words are combined by a preposition, then the first word is put in the plural: sisters-in-law- daughters-in-law.
Words borrowed from Greek or Latin form the plural according to the rules of these languages:
appendix - appendix - appendices - appendices (to the book), crisis - crisis -> crises - crises, basis - basis, bases - basics, radius - radius -> radii - radii.
Names Nouns used only in the singular
- Uncountable nouns (both real and abstract) are usually used only in the singular:
iron - iron, salt - salt, milk - milk, sugar - sugar, love - love.
- The nouns advice (advice, advice), information (message, information), progress (success, success), knowledge (knowledge) are used only in the singular.
He gave me some good advice. He gave me some good advice.
My coach was satisfied with my progress. My coach was pleased with my progress - The nouns news (news, news), money (money), fruit (fruit, fruits) are used in the singular. But, for example, to denote different types of fruits, the plural is used - fruits.
What is the news? What's the news?
It's his money. This is his money.
Fruit is cheap in autumn. In autumn fruits are cheap. - Among countable nouns, there are those that are used only (or mainly) in the singular form. These are the names of some animals, objects, etc.:
two sheep - two sheep, six fish - six fish, ten swine - ten pigs, five deer - five deer.
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Slide captions:
Nouns that have only singular form
Dear Guys! Today we will continue our acquaintance with the grammatical category of number. You will see that some nouns cannot be used in the plural. Be sure to remember the lexical groups of words that have only the singular form, and use them correctly in speech.
As you know, most nouns have both singular and plural forms, i.e. vary by numbers: mother, notebook, fox, lamp, etc. Look at the pictures, pay attention to how you can use the ending to change the number of a noun.
Cake Cakes
Among the nouns there are those that have only a singular form. Look at the pictures and compare the captions under the pictures. Please note that sometimes a singular noun is used to denote many identical objects: strawberries, milk, etc.
strawberry strawberry The noun strawberry does not have a plural form.
Remember! Nouns that have only a singular form include words with the meaning: substances (cotton, milk); qualities, actions (whiteness, fear); groups of people (youth, students).
This is interesting. In modern Russian, the words shores, eyes, hands, feet, eyebrows have a plural form. In the Old Russian language there was a so-called dual number, which denoted paired objects: two eyes, two hands, two banks. If we determine the number of these words from the point of view of history, we must say that these words have the form of a dual number.
Training apparatus. Highlight the nouns that have only the singular form. But two more days passed, and Petka entered into a complete agreement with nature. The high school student Mitya had a dark-yellow face, like a second-class carriage, the hair on the top of his head stood up straight and was completely white... When he rang the bell at his door late at night, the first sound after the bell was the sonorous barking of a dog, in which one could also hear the fear of a stranger and joy that it is going well. (According to L. Andreev.)
Check yourself. Nouns that have only singular form Divide the words into two groups: singular only. h., all the rest Blackberry, nose, escape, rake, silver, corn, youth, wool, shirt, bedspread, star.
Speak correctly! Remember which syllable is stressed in these words: beets, silage, cotton
Trainer Write 10 nouns that can only have a singular form and make 2 - 3 sentences with them.
Trainer Make up common sentences in which the subjects are the words blueberry, foliage, silver, flight, uprising, and the predicates are verbs in the past tense.
Important conclusion There are nouns that can only have a plural form or only a singular form. For example, the words scissors, burners, gates have only a plural form. And the words willow, nettle, sorrel, raspberry, youth, etc. have only a singular form.
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Technological map of the lesson “The riddle of the plural” (Nouns that have only the plural form).
Technological map of the lesson “The riddle of the plural” (Nouns that have only the plural form)....
A Russian language lesson in the 6th grade of a special (correctional) school of the VIII type on the topic “Nouns that have only a singular or only a plural form” is one of the lessons...
