What is the historical significance of the Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky regiments? Life Guards Izmailovsky Regiment Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky Amusing Regiments.

Documents found: 78 , missing: 21

Military-historical project "Adjutant!" - Materials. 3. OBER OFFICER OF THE LIFE GUARDS IZMAILOVSKY SHELF
Gvardeysky Izmailovsky the regiment was formed in 1730.
“I cannot help but speak with satisfied praise about the exemplary fearlessness shown this day by the regiments of the Life Guards Izmailovsky and Lithuanian.

Military-historical project "Adjutant!" - Materials. 14. GRENADIER. LIFE GUARDS OFFICER IZMAILOVSKY SHELF. 1742-1762
This is how it was created Izmailovsky regiment.
“The Empress,” writes Colonel X. Manstein in 1731, “also wished to increase the guards infantry and for this purpose ordered the formation of a new regiment of three battalions, giving it the name Izmailovsky(named after a palace near Moscow).

Military-historical project "Adjutant!" - Materials. 25. NON-COUNTER OFFICER OF THE LIFE GUARDS IZMAILOVSKY SHELF
Gvardeysky Izmailovsky The regiment was founded in 1730 and took part in all military campaigns, just like Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky.

He was released from the Land Noble Cadet Corps in 1797 as a page-chamber, and two years later he became a lieutenant in the Life Guards Izmailovsky shelf.
27-year-old Colonel Khrapovitsky was appointed commander of the Life Guards Izmailovsky regiment, with the beginning of the Patriotic War, took command of the guards brigade from A.P. Ermolov, consisting of Izmailovsky and Lithuanian Guards Regiments.

Military-historical project "Adjutant!" - Private Life Guards Izmailovsky shelf
Life Guards Izmailovsky The regiment was formed by decree of September 22, 1730 from the Ukrainian land militia.

Izmailovsky regiment, received orders to prepare for an attack the next day.
Izmailovsky regiments (280 people), and the 1st battalion Izmailovsky regiment (780 people), total 1060 people.

Semenovsky, Izmailovsky and Horse Guards.
The French made several more demonstrations against the corps of Prince Gorchakov, but, seeing that he had strengthened himself with guard regiments, Izmailovsky and Semenovsky, did not continue the further attack.

Izmailovsky, as well as L.-Gv.
The grenadiers of the guards regiments differed among themselves in the color of the collars and blades of their headdresses: in the Preobrazhensky regiment the color was red, in the Semenovsky regiment it was blue (cornflower blue), in Izmailovsky- green collar and white hat blade.

The Empress establishes the third infantry regiment of the Guard under the name Izmailovsky, disbands the Cavalry Corps and “in its place” forms the Horse Guards Regiment.
Commander Izmailovsky Count Karl Aevenwolde (brother of the favorite) was appointed regiment (lieutenant colonel), and Yaguzhinsky was appointed to the Horse Guards, but in fact it was commanded by Major General von Trautfetter and Biron’s brother Karl.

On December 14, 1825, Emperor Nicholas got up early and, putting on his uniform Izmailovsky regiment, received the commander of the guards corps, General Voinov, and then at 7 o’clock went out to the commanders of individual guard units gathered in the palace.
As a sign of our love for you and as a reward according to your merits, regiments of the Preobrazhensky, Semenovsky Guards, Izmailovsky, Jaeger, Finnish, Lithuanian, Volyn, Pavlovsk, Cavalry Guard, Podolsk, Cuirassier, Hussar, Horse Guards, Guards artillery and Life Guards Polish regiments Grenadier and Horse Guards, I commend those very own His Majesty’s uniforms, which the sovereign, your benefactor, deigned to wear himself ; keep this pledge, and let it be kept in every regiment as

And then it was ordered to drive past this monument to the cavalry: the horse guards, the Cuirassiers and the Life Hussars, followed by Preobrazhensky, Semenovsky and Izmailovsky the regiments were marching and some other, unrecognizable speed; and as soon as whose regiment aligned the banner opposite the monument, they immediately bowed to it, and this happened for more than two hours."2

stood in front of me Izmailovsky the regiment and poured battle fire towards the French, shooting grapeshot from battalion intervals.

Along the road from the Kremlin to the Yauza Palace, wearing black cocked hats, stood in the parade of the Life Guards Preobrazhensky, Semenovsky, Izmailovsky, Mounted, as well as army regiments with their musicians.
Wanting to weaken their role, Biron and the ambitious Dane in Russian service Minich formed a new Life Guard in 1730 Izmailovsky a regiment, almost all of whose officers were Baltic Germans.

George 3rd degree and was soon promoted to major general and appointed to the Life Guards Izmailovsky regiment, and was subsequently made commander of the Life Guards Grenadier Regiment.

Izmailovsky the regiment lived for four weeks in a row in trenches under incessant fire, together with the brave regiments of the 13th and 14th rangers, and on the 25th, during the attack of the bastion, three companies of it jumped up with hunters from rangers and sailors, and with two companies of the 13th The regiment did that glorious and ultimately happy deed to which we were obliged, four days after that, by occupying the city.

2nd: Izmailovsky

2. Izmailovsky regiment.

An officer wearing, suppose, Izmailovsky or the Pavlograd uniform, cannot be an outsider, an indifferent essayist when it comes to the history of his regiment, the very unit in which he is proud of serving.

Porkh was appointed to the Preobrazhensky regiment, Schwartz to the Semenovsky regiment, Izmailovsky- Martynov, to the Life Grenadier - Sturler.

In the Guard alone, the regiments were not called by the names of their chiefs, because for all the Guards regiments there was one chief - the Emperor, they retained their previous names, either territorial, or by type of weapon: something like: a) Life Guards Preo6razhensky, Semenovsky, Izmailovsky and b) Life Guards Jaeger Battalion, Life Guards Horse, Life Guards Hussar, Life Guards Cossack.

She arrived in their carriage Izmailovsky regiment.

Military-historical project "Adjutant!" - Materials. 10. DRUMMER OF THE LIFE GUARDS IZMAILOVSKY SHELF. 1812

Military-historical project "Adjutant!" - Materials. 27. NON-COMMISSIONED LIFE GUARDS IZMAILOVSKY SHELF

In the oldest regiments of the heavy guards infantry - Preobrazhensky, Semenovsky, Izmailovsky- even at the beginning of the reign of Alexander I, sewing a special pattern was introduced on the collars and cuff flaps of officer uniforms in each regiment, established in 1800 by Paul I.
Sewing in the Semenovsky regiment had the form of elongated patterned buttonholes, bordered with a twisted ornament (2). The most difficult sewing with weaving in the form of double braids on each buttonhole, ending in the likeness of plumes, was in Izmailovsky shelf (3). As in the Preobrazhensky Regiment, Semenovsky’s sewing and Izmailovsky The regiments were in two rows on each side of the collar on officer uniforms and in three rows on the cuff flaps.

DRUMMER OF THE LIFE GUARDS IZMAILOVSKY SHELF.
NON-COUNTER OFFICER OF THE LIFE GUARDS IZMAILOVSKY SHELF

In service since 1835 - non-commissioned officer of the Life Guards Izmailovsky shelf.

It so happened that lying next to me were Colonel Bibikov and the Life Guards Izmailovsky regiment Lieutenant Kozlyaninov, my great friend.
Of this number, the following were killed in the Kabardian regiment: Colonel Ranzhevsky, Staff Captain Timakhovich, Lieutenant Mayevsky, warrant officers Voinelovich and Nevinsky; wounded: staff captains - Durov, Krause, Kirilenko, von Neumann; lieutenants - Alalaev and Yezhov; second lieutenants - Garkushevsky, Nemtsov, Mazharov and Kudryavtsev; warrant officers - Chernetsky, Prushinsky and Gaiman; seconded - adjutant of the Sovereign's heir, now safely reigning Sovereign, Guard Colonel Prince Baryatinsky and Life Guards Izmailovsky regiment Lieutenant Kozlyaninov.

For the Life Guards Izmailovsky Shelf.

I remember how my brother, fleeing from a mounted police attack on students, was forced to jump from the embankment parapet onto the ice of the Neva and returned home almost waist-deep in snow; how he read to me his treatise on Lombroso’s theory; how, on the occasion of the closure of the university, he held state examinations in the premises of a school somewhere in the area Izmailovsky barracks

According to the report of the military collegium on November 13, 1769, such teams were excluded from the army infantry regiments and formed separate teams, and in 1770 such teams were established at the Preobrazhensky, Semenovsky and Semyonovsky Life Guards regiments. Izmailovsky, including 72 people in each.
"Semyonovskaya and Izmailovskaya The Jaeger companies with the company of Lieutenant Colonel Rachinsky will form the Guard Jaeger Battalion, which is commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Rachinsky."

Behind the huge glass door that separated the staircase from the first small hall on the second floor, I walked past the pair of giant sentries, soldiers of the Life Guards Izmailovsky shelf; It seemed to me that just yesterday I was standing as a page at this very post.

3. OBER OFFICER OF THE LIFE GUARDS IZMAILOVSKY SHELF
NON-COMMISSIONED LIFE GUARDS IZMAILOVSKY SHELF

Alexander was educated at home and in 1772 began serving in Izmailovsky regiment as a soldier, where he "was promoted to non-commissioned officer ranks."
Of the sergeants Izmailovsky The regiment was granted on June 19, 1776 to the Cavalry Corps as a cavalry guard with promotion to army lieutenant.

On November 22nd early in the morning he went to Izmailovskoe, where Tsar Ivan and Sofia were then, and went first to the mansion of boyar Golitsyn.
Gordon was greatly upset, even considered himself insulted, but did not fall into despair, which, by the way, is evident from the fact that on November 23rd, returning from Izmailovsky to the German Settlement, examined the glass factories lying along the way.

Having taken the throne in 1730, Empress Anna Ioannovna (1730-1740) decided, in contrast to the already existing guards regiments, Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky, to form two more - a foot one, called Izmailovsky, and cavalry, called the Life Guards Cavalry Regiment.

The Life Guards Jaeger Battalion was formed on November 9, 1796 "from the Jaeger teams consisting of the regiments of the Life Guards Semenovsky and Izmailovsky and the Jaeger company of Lieutenant Colonel Rachinsky."

In the guards infantry regiments - Preobrazhensky, Semenovsky, Izmailovsky, Yegersky and Finnish - on their shakos they wore a sign in the form of a double-headed eagle with a laurel wreath in the right paw and with a torch and lightning in the left.

The drummers beat marches: “on guard”, “ordinary”, “column”, “funeral”, as well as battle signals: “under the banner”, “honor”, ​​“campaign”, etc. In Preobrazhensky, Semenovsky and Izmailovsky The regiments had their own special battle signal “Guards March”.

Our Fedor Vasilyevich Kharlamov, (promoted to major general for distinction, with the rank of battalion chief of the Life Guards Izmailovsky regiment), chose 170 people from our regiment who were well known to him; He brought the corps lines forward 300 steps, and settled down with them for the night, giving orders for the upcoming battle; talked with the warriors about the affairs of the military in the past, ordered the bayonets to be tied more tightly with belts to the guns, gave instructions about

And the walls... are much lower Izmailovsky, - and there is no such deep ditch with water here as there!.. so why did it happen; Just give him the order, and here’s the right word: with God’s help, we’ll take it!”

The Life Guards Artillery Battalion was formed on November 9, 1796 from the bombardment company of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, a team of gunners Semenovsky and Izmailovsky regiments and artillery of the Gatchina troops.

Since 1817, for all combatant Life Guards of Preobrazhensky, Semenovsky and Izmailovsky The regiments were introduced into uniforms with red cloth lapels, cuffs and sleeve flaps.

LIFE GUARDS OFFICER IZMAILOVSKY SHELF.

Then they blew the trumpet Izmailovsky, in Yegersky..

Finally we met the Life Guards Izmailovsky regiment of Lieutenant Kozlyaninov, who was assigned to our 2nd battalion and, wounded in both legs, had difficulty making his way along the road.

I also remembered my father’s story about that guards Izmailovsky an officer who, during the Turkish war, committed suicide the night before the attack, writing before his death that he was afraid of being a coward in battle.

In 1770 he began serving as a soldier in Izmailovsky shelf.

Infantry: Life Guards Preobrazhensky Regiment - three battalions, Life Guards Semenovsky Regiment - three battalions and Izmailovsky- three battalions, Life Guards Grenadier Regiment - three battalions, Kexholm Musketeer Regiment - three battalions, Perm - three battalions, Velikolutsky - three battalions, Life Guards Jaeger Regiment - two battalions, Second Army Jaeger Regiment - three battalions, imperial militia ( malice imperiale) - one battalion, militia riflemen - one battalion; a total of 28 battalions and 92 artillery pieces

After fighting with Izmailovsky and Lithuanian regiments, inflicted a strong defeat on the French cuirassiers who attacked these regiments, driving them away with great damage.

At the end of the war, F. N. Glinka continued to serve in the Life Guards Izmailovsky regiment, then with the rank of colonel (from 1818) he served under the St. Petersburg military governor-general, cavalry general M.A. Miloradovich as adjutant and head of the chancellery.

Rare awards then!! - In 1799, for distinction in the Battle of Novi in ​​Italy, Emperor Paul the First promoted him to major general with the appointment of battalion chief of the Life Guards Izmailovsky shelf.

Major General and Cavalier Lassia instructing Major Neklyudov to repel the enemy with arrows, ordered the Life Guard Izmailovsky The regiment assigned ensign Prince Gagarin ladders, along which the huntsmen quickly climbed the rampart, overthrew the enemy and took possession of the bastion.

The guards regiments were part of the first division, and Izmailovsky Suvorov Sr. commanded.
On July 11, 1763, Suvorov Sr. was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the Life Guards Izmailovsky regiment, the colonel of which, as you know, was Catherine herself.

Release into the army regiments as chief officers, according to certificates, worthy ones, some of the nobles who know how to read and write and serve blamelessly; from Preobrazhensky - forty sergeants, sixty non-commissioned officers, one hundred corporals and privates; from Semenovsky and Izmailovsky- thirty sergeants, fifty non-commissioned officers, seventy corporals and privates28; sergeants - lieutenants, and bombardiers - captains, non-commissioned officers - second lieutenants, corporals and privates - warrant officers29."
28 The Preobrazhensky regiment had four battalions, and the Semenovsky and Izmailovsky- three each.

Preobrazhensky - 3 battalions, Semenovsky - 3 battalions, Izmailovsky- 3 battles, Yegersky - 2 battles. together with the militia battalion, which will amount to 3 battalions, the Grenadier Regiment - 3 battalions, the Kexholm Regiment - 3 battalions, the Pernovsky Regiment - 3 battalions, the Velikolutsky Regiment - 3 battalions, the second Jaeger Regiment - 3 battalions.

Military music available for order (the size in megabytes is indicated in parentheses) #1. Russian military marches (65 MB) March of the Life Guards Regiment of the Preobrazhensky Regiment Regimental parade March of the Life Guards

From 1787 to 1789 he served in the Life Guards. Izmailovsky shelf; left military service as a second lieutenant.

Main article: Amusing troops

Soldier of the elective regiment of Gordon, or Butyrsky regiment

Peter spent all his free time away from the palace - in the villages of Vorobyovo and Preobrazhenskoye. Every year his interest in military affairs increased. Peter dressed and armed his “amusing” army, which consisted of peers from boyhood games. In 1685, his “amusing” men, dressed in foreign caftans, marched in regimental formation through Moscow from Preobrazhenskoye to the village of Vorobyovo to the beat of drums. Peter himself served as a drummer.

In 1686, 14-year-old Peter started artillery with his “amusing” ones. Gunsmith Fedor Sommer showed the king grenades and firearms. 16 guns were delivered from the Pushkarsky order. To control the heavy guns, the tsar took from the Stable Prikaz adult servants who were keen on military affairs, who were dressed in foreign-style uniforms and designated as amusing gunners. Sergei Bukhvostov was the first to put on a foreign uniform. Subsequently, Peter ordered a bronze bust of this the first Russian soldier, as he called Bukhvostov. The amusing regiment began to be called Preobrazhensky, after its quartering place - the village of Preobrazhenskoye near Moscow.

Letter from Peter I to his mother Natalya Kirillovna

In Preobrazhenskoye, opposite the palace, on the banks of the Yauza, an “amusing town” was built. During the construction of the fortress, Peter himself worked actively, helping to cut logs and install cannons. The “Most Joking, Most Drunken and Most Extravagant Council”, created by Peter, was located here - a parody of the Orthodox Church. The fortress itself was named Preshburg, probably named after the then famous Austrian fortress of Presburg (now Bratislava - the capital of Slovakia), which he heard about from Captain Sommer. At the same time, in 1686, the first amusing ships appeared near Preshburg on the Yauza - a large shnyak and a plow with boats. During these years, Peter became interested in all the sciences that were related to military affairs. Under the leadership of the Dutchman Timmerman he studied arithmetic, geometry, and military sciences.

One day, walking with Timmerman through the village of Izmailovo, Peter entered the Linen Yard, in the barn of which he found an English boot. In 1688 he entrusted the Dutchman Carsten Brandt repair, arm and equip this boat, and then lower it to the Yauza River. However, the Yauza and Prosyanoy Pond turned out to be too small for the ship, so Peter went to Pereslavl-Zalessky, to Lake Pleshcheevo, where he founded the first shipyard for the construction of ships. There were already two “Amusing” regiments: Semenovsky, located in the village of Semenovskoye, was added to Preobrazhensky. Preshburg already looked like a real fortress. To command regiments and study military science, knowledgeable and experienced people were needed. But there were no such people among the Russian courtiers. This is how Peter appeared in the German settlement.

Bibliographical sources:

1. The magic of the book. Collection of the State Historical Museum. Exhibition catalog October 30, 2003-January 15, 2004 Moscow 2003, No. 105-106.

2. Antique catalog of the Joint-Stock Island “International Book” No. 14. Fiction and anniversary editions (books in elegant design). Fine books. Moscow, 1934, No. 316.

Black and white phototypes depict the history of s. Preobrazhensky from the middle of the 17th century to the end of the 19th century. The title page and covers are based on drawings by the great Russian artist M.V. Nesterov, engraved by A.S. Yanov. Biography of M.V. Nesterova (1862-1942) is known from his memoirs. He studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture with V.G. Perova and A.K. Savrasov, at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts with P.P. Chistyakova. He painted in everyday, biblical, portrait and historical genres: “The Connoisseur”, “The Election of Mikhail Fedorovich to the Tsar”, etc. But by the end of the 19th century, the artist moved on to religious themes, in which he was attracted by the beauty of Orthodox rituals and life in harmony with nature: “The Hermit”, “Vision to the Youth Bartholomew”, etc. By P.V. Sinitsyn has another elegantly published book: “St. Nicholas Monastery of Edinoverie in Moscow, in Preobrazhenskoye.” 25 sheets of illustrations per sheet of views of ancient icons and surroundings. Text on 15 pages In the publisher's folder. The text is framed with ancient Russian ornaments, lithographed with paints and gold. Edition of 50 copies not for sale. Preobrazhenskoye is an area in the east of Moscow, on the left bank of the river. Yauza. It neighbors Bogorodsky in the north, Cherkizovsky in the northeast, and Semyonovsky in the south, from which it was separated by Khapilovsky Ponds. The name comes from the former village, known since the 16th century. like Sobakina Heath (the property of the Alekseevsky Monastery, from the middle of the 17th century a royal estate); after the construction of the Church of the Transfiguration (XVII century; not preserved) it began to be called Preobrazhensky. Here was the royal country palace, where one of the first Russian court theaters, the Comedy Khoromina, was opened. Peter I spent his childhood years in Preobrazhenskoe; The “amusing” regiments he created - Semenovsky and Preobrazhensky - became the core of the new Russian army. In 1685, the “amusing fortress” Preshburg was built on the banks of the Yauza, near which maneuvers were carried out. Later it housed the Preobrazhensky Order. In 1685, the Poteshnaya (later Soldatskaya) Preobrazhenskaya Sloboda was created, in which the soldiers of the Preobrazhensky Regiment were quartered (hence the names of Poteshnaya Street and Ninth Company Street). In Preobrazhenskoye, the boat of Peter I was launched for the first time. Since the 30s. XVIII century Preobrazhenskoye was populated mainly by Old Believers. After the construction of the Kamer-Kollezhsky shaft, Preobrazhenskoye is within the boundaries of Moscow. In 1771 the Preobrazhenskoe cemetery was opened. In the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. in Preobrazhenskoye there were weaving factories of the Old Believers merchants Guchkov and Kotov (hence the name Kotovsky Lane). The name was preserved in the name of Preobrazhensky embankment, square, street and passage, Preobrazhensky Val street. Preobrazhenskaya Ploshchad metro station. No area in Moscow, except the Kremlin itself, has such significance in our history as the village of Preobrazhenskoye (with its surroundings). This place is usually connected with Peter and his reforms; but the fact is that the reforms began before Peter, although it was in this area. Preobrazhenskoye owes its foundation, its existence and rise entirely to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, who introduced “unprecedented novelty” into it. And then all the most important events took place either here, or here they were conceived, ordered, or, finally, celebrated; at the same time, they became persons who either temporarily or permanently lived in it, before the founding of St. Petersburg, and often after. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich began the first innovations in the Romanov family estate, the village of Izmailovo, located three miles from Preobrazhenskoye. There, on a model farm, they began to cultivate the farm with the help of machines that threshed bread with the power of water, others - with wheels without water. In Izmailovo there were botanical, apothecary and other gardens. A vast castle with 300 towers was built, the king started manufacturing there, a glass factory, and a menagerie. At the crossroads between Izmailovo and Moscow, where the Yauza River leaves Sokolniki, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich founded a new farm, named Preobrazhensky after the church, and built a palace for himself on the mountain near the bridge over the Yauza and the Stromynka road running through it. This whole place used to belong to the Alekseevsky Monastery, and in an earlier time it was called Pine Grove, and then Dog Heath and Grove. In former times, the Yauza River was clean and bright, like crystal, and was full of water, because dense thorny forests grew along its banks, and in them there were springs that fed it. At that time, its banks were deserted, almost undeveloped; only someone, according to legend, either a robber or a sorcerer Hapilo, made a dam on the Sosenka River flowing into the Yauza, which formed a long large pond, and installed a mill. Near the mill (to the north) a village appeared. The pond is called Khapilovsky, and even the river is no longer called Sosenka, but Khapilovka. Soon these shores were populated: first by the peaceful royal economy with all its wonders and overseas, and then exclusively by the military and soldiery; the entire area north of the pond and river was soon built up by Preobrazhensky, and the village of Khapilovka merged with it; to the south of the pond, the former village of Vvedenskoye was renamed Semyonovskoye.

The palace built by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was wooden and quite large. Soon under him, in addition to gardens and other things, a theater was created according to European models - the “Comedy Hall” (the first theater and stage in Russia). It is difficult to imagine that in this, so gloomy Preobrazhensky, music or comedy performances began to be heard! But after ten or twenty years, everything was drowned out by the thunder of drums, the screams of the executed, the laughter of the processions of “the most humorous and most drunken prince-pope of Yauzsky and Zayauzsky,” then everything fell silent, died out, ended with the plague... and the alien, partly sectarian population. There are no traces left of these buildings and structures. After his marriage to Natalya Naryshkina (in 1671), the tsar and his court moved to the village of Preobrazhenskoye; the sovereign visited the capital only on holidays, spending most of his time with his family. In 1673, on October 26, little Tsarevich Peter with his father and mother was brought to Preobrazhenskoye for the first time. Subsequently, Peter spent his childhood and then adolescence mainly in Preobrazhenkoe, and then began to visit the neighboring German Settlement too often. Peter spent the first years of his childhood mainly in Preobrazhenskoe. In the fourth year of his life, he lost his father. Queen Natalya and her relatives, having retired from the court, lived mostly here with the young Peter. Tsar Fyodor and Princess Sophia came here for performances. In 1682 Peter was proclaimed tsar after the death of Tsar Fedor. Soon he decided to form a squad. In the summer of 1684 In Preobrazhenskoe, not far from his father’s palace, on the banks of the Yauza, an amusing town was built, a fortress with walls, towers, trenches, half wooden, half earthen. The king himself worked on the construction of the fortress along with everyone else and installed cannons. He named the fortress Preshburg. A canteen was built in the very middle of the town. Here the bosses and workers of this amusing town gathered for lunch, where there were no ranks between the working people. The amusing town soon began to be called the capital city, that is, it became the permanent home, if not of the king himself, then of his army. Not far from the amusing town, the Yauza River was dammed with a dam to raise water, where there was the so-called Petrovskaya mill. In 1686, small ships, carbuses and boats were launched, which were used to sail to the German settlement. Amusement towns were also built in other places: in Sosnovaya Roshcha, in Sokolnicheskaya Roshcha, in Semyonovskoye, near the village of Dyakova, on Kozhukhovsky Meadow.

Peter generally loved to have fun, and his fun was constant. From ordinary children's fun he moved on to grenade and firearms fun, to military fun on land and on water; the amusing town was built for fun, and not for strategy; For fun, the Preobrazhensky and Semyonovsky regiments gathered, which later took on a not at all funny appearance and size. The beginning of the creation of our fleet dates back to the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich, who planned to have ships for the Caspian Sea. In 1669 The ship "Eagle" was built. In 1696 By order of Peter, a galley built in Holland was brought to the sawmill in Preobrazhenskoye, here ships began to be built according to its model, and by the end of February 1696. parts for 22 galleys and 4 fire-ships were cut down from damp, frozen forest. In 1689 Princess Sophia was imprisoned in a monastery, after which the reign of Peter himself began. Peter, having arrived in Preobrazhenskoye, busied himself, as always, with training, maneuvers, and so on. There were many of these amusing battles in Preobrazhenskoe. Not far from Preobrazhensky there was a German settlement (Lefortovo), which played a big role in Peter’s life and in his worldview, where he often came. Tsarevich Alexei was brought to Preobrazhenskoye after the exile of his mother, Queen Evdokia, where he mainly lived before moving to St. Petersburg (in 1712). In 1716 The prince went abroad in 1718. he was persuaded to return, and already on January 31, 1718. Alexei was taken to Preobrazhenskoye, the place where he grew up and where he, his relatives and loved ones were now tortured. Wife, sisters, uncles, aunts, matchmakers, friends, acquaintances and strangers, bishops, confessors - everyone was taken to Preobrazhenskoye, to the dungeon.

In June, Alexey was taken to St. Petersburg, where he died under torture on June 26 in the Peter and Paul Fortress. The amusing town became known as the Capital City. Gradually, entire settlements formed around it: Preobrazhenskaya and Semyonovskaya. In 1689 The Moving Hut was built for reprisals and various matters, which served as the basis for the Preobrazhensky Order and subsequently the Secret Chancellery. The Secret Chancellery established by Peter in Preobrazhenskoye was compared to the Roman Inquisition. After the Steretsky riot of 1698. The archers were destroyed, and the guards around Moscow were occupied by the Preobrazhensky, Semenovsky and Butyrsky regiments, in connection with this, all matters of public safety were concentrated in the Preobrazhensky administrative hut. Testimony confirmed by torture was the only legal proof of the validity of the testimony, so torture and searches flourished during the time of Peter. In the village of Preobrazhenskoye under Peter there were many dungeons. Karamzin wrote: “Among the vegetable gardens of the village of Preobrazhenskoye, I was horrified to find basements, dark underground casemates and long corridors in which torture was carried out, merciless searches were carried out in modern terms. The secret office worked day and night in Preobrazhenskoye, in whose dens streams of blood flowed.” . The order was led by Prince Romodanovsky. The Preobrazhensky order was destroyed under Peter II on April 4, 1729. on Good Friday (the final abolition of torture occurred at the very beginning of the reign of Alexander I). There was nothing left of the buildings of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, nor of Peter the Great’s buildings; in the end he himself valued them little and even burned one of them for fun (in 1690). By 1800 Not even ruins remained of all the buildings. Only the street names remain: Buzheninovskaya (named after Moisei Buzheninov, who was in charge of the construction of the Preobrazhensky Palace), Suvorovskaya (named after the general clerk Ivan Suvorov); Ninth Company; Preobrazhenskaya Square; Sailor's Bridge; Cherkizovo; Stromynka. As mentioned earlier, Preobrazhenskoye got its name from the church in 1660, built near the village of Khapilovka. Ten years later, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich built the Church of the Ascension of Christ in his yard. There is nothing left of them. In 1765 a stone Church of the Transfiguration was built, which has survived to this day. Until the 19th century, the Transfiguration Church was very poor and in a pitiful state. The reason for this was the small number of parishioners, their poverty and the predominance of schismatic Old Believers in Preobrazhenskoe. In the 19th century, there were fewer Old Believers, some moved to other places, at this time Orthodox Christians began to move to Preobrazhenskoye, factories and firms, mainly manufacturing ones, began to develop. Church revenues naturally increased, the church was restored, there are several valuable ancient icons, and the area of ​​Peter and Paul is beautifully decorated. A cemetery was formed near the church, which still exists today. Old Believers began to settle in Preobrazhenskoye in the first half of the 18th century. This was the only place in Moscow, the most remote - on the banks of the Yauza and near the Khapilovsky pond, where they could secretly gather to perform their services. During the reign of Catherine II, when persecution weakened, the schismatics formed a small society.

In 1771 Moscow was struck by plague and famine. Due to the plague, the supply of food supplies to the city stopped. Residents were in a hurry to leave Moscow. To stop the flight of residents from the city, who could infect surrounding towns and villages, the government ordered the establishment of quarantines and hospitals. The Old Believers received permission from the government for private quarantine and a cemetery for burying those who died from the plague. They set up a checkpoint on the Stromynka road, built several houses and detained everyone leaving Moscow. They mobilized all means to ensure that these people received food and care during their illness. Word of all this quickly spread and made a great impression on the people. Many people began to flock to Preobrazhenskoye village. Many people went over to the Old Believers and crossed themselves. The Feodosia community and the Preobrazhenskoe cemetery, under the name by which it was known, grew into a vast, powerful institution. Under Catherine II they flourished. Under Paul, the cemetery came under unexpected danger: it was ordered to be destroyed. The execution was delayed (they say that a large pie filled with ducats was presented as a bribe). Soon Paul I died, and the matter of destruction was consigned to oblivion. And during the reign of Alexander I, a manifesto was announced in which freedom was given to all faiths. The community flourished. During the fire of 1812 Preobrazhenskoye was not damaged. Many of the community buildings have survived to this day. During the cholera epidemic in 1831. the community played the same role as in 1771, its influence became even greater. In 1866 Metropolitan Philaret founded the Orthodox St. Nicholas Monastery (partially preserved to this day).

Neighborhood of Preobrazhensky. Krasnoye Selo was founded under Ivan the Terrible. This village is remarkable because during the troubles in Moscow it took the side of False Demetrius and helped him take the throne. Continuing further to Preobrazhenskoye, there is Sokolnichye Field (Sokolniki), on which the Falcon Court was located under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Falconry in Rus' was held in high esteem. The royal falconers lived in a special settlement on Sokolniki Field. On the northern side this field was adjacent to a large ancient forest (Sokolniki). Not far from Sokolniki, near the Yauza River (opposite Preobrazhensky), there was the Catherine Almshouse (Matrosskaya); under Peter I, a sailing factory was located on this site, and an almshouse was set up for honored and poor sailors (now this place is called Matrosskaya Tishina, there is a prison there). Opposite Sokolnichiya Grove (in the east), on the other bank of the Yauza, not far from Preobrazhenskoye, there was the village of Bogorodskoye (this place is now the Bogorodskoye cemetery). Near Preobrazhenskoe there was the village of Cherkizovo - one of the oldest villages near Moscow, known since the 14th century. Then it was a secluded place, surrounded by dense forests. Tsar Ivan the Terrible went hunting to Cherkizovo. Not far from Cherkizov there was the village of Izmailovo, the former patrimony of the royal ancestors - the Romanov boyars. In the 17th century, this village was famous for its economy: agriculture, cattle breeding, gardening, hop growing, beekeeping and even manufacturing flourished here. Under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, many ponds were dug in which fish were grown. Watermelons and melons grew in the gardens. Anna Ioanovna, Peter II, and Elizabeth lived in Izmailovo at different times. There were great hunts there. Of all the Russian menageries in the 17th century, Izmailovsky was the best. From the middle of the 18th century, Izmailovo remained in oblivion, until in 1849. Nicholas I decided to build a military almshouse there. Izmailovsky Park still exists, which is the largest in Europe. From Izmailovo, on the way back to Moscow, there was the ancient village of Vvedenskoye, on the Sosenka River. The village of Vvedenskoye was named after the Church of the Entry of the Blessed Virgin Mary into the Temple, which was built in 1643. Already under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the village began to be more often called Semenovsky, where the Semenovsky Guards Regiment later settled. Under Alexei Mikhailovich, in the village of Semyonovskoye there was a vast Amusing Yard, where rare birds lived, were raised and learned how to catch and prey: falcons, gyrfalcons and hawks. Under Peter, the population grew into an entire soldiers' settlement, so in 1692. here a special Semyonovskaya regimental retreat hut was built, in every way similar to the Preobrazhenskaya one. Near the village of Semyonovsky there was the village of Rubtsovo (Pokrovskoye), it was the patrimony of the mother of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, Princess Martha. This was the resting place of kings. In 1625 and 1626 there were elephants there. Peter rarely visited the village of Pokrovskoye; it was declining. Under Elizabeth I, the economy flourished. She loved staying here. Not far from the village of Pokrovskoye, downstream of the Yauza River, there was a German settlement. The appearance of foreigners in Russia dates back to the 15th century, during the reign of Ivan the Terrible, who granted them some freedom and benefits, and allocated them a place for a special settlement. The Moscow tsars invited all sorts of craftsmen, pharmacists, doctors, architects, etc. from Italy and Germany. Many Germans appeared under Boris Godunov. Under False Dmitry, many Germans who were in the service of the Poles remained in Moscow. In the second half of the 17th century, all Germans were resettled to one place - to the German Settlement. Vast wastelands, arable fields and vegetable gardens between the Kukuy stream and the Yauza river were lined with beautiful houses with gardens and vegetable gardens, in the form of a populous village. Residents of the settlement entered into marriages exclusively between their fellow believers. Life in the settlement was fun and wild. In the German settlement, on the banks of the Yauza there was a large building called the Lefortovo Palace. Young Peter II died in the Lefortovo Palace...

The Miloslavskys, relatives of Tsarevich Ivan and Princess Sophia through their mother, saw in the proclamation of Peter as tsar an infringement of their interests. The Streltsy, of whom there were more than 20 thousand in Moscow, had long shown discontent and waywardness; and, apparently incited by the Miloslavskys, on May 15 (25), 1682, they came out openly: shouting that the Naryshkins had strangled Tsarevich Ivan, they moved towards the Kremlin. Natalya Kirillovna, hoping to calm the rioters, together with the patriarch and boyars, led Peter and his brother to the Red Porch. However, the uprising did not end. In the first hours, the boyars Artamon Matveev and Mikhail Dolgoruky were killed, then other supporters of Queen Natalia, including her two brothers Naryshkin.

On May 26, elected officials from the Streltsy regiments came to the palace and demanded that the elder Ivan be recognized as the first tsar, and the younger Peter as the second. Fearing a repetition of the pogrom, the boyars agreed, and Patriarch Joachim immediately performed a solemn prayer service in the Assumption Cathedral for the health of the two named kings; and on June 25 he crowned them kings.

On May 29, the archers insisted that Princess Sofya Alekseevna take over control of the state due to the minor age of her brothers. Tsarina Natalya Kirillovna was supposed to, together with her son Peter - the second Tsar - retire from the court to a palace near Moscow in the village of Preobrazhenskoye. In the Kremlin Armory, a two-seat throne for young kings with a small window in the back was preserved, through which Princess Sophia and her entourage told them how to behave and what to say during palace ceremonies.

Preobrazhensky and Semenovsky amusing shelves

Peter spent all his free time away from the palace - in the villages of Vorobyovo and Preobrazhenskoye. Every year his interest in military affairs increased. Peter dressed and armed his “amusing” army, which consisted of peers from boyhood games. In 1685, his “amusing” men, dressed in foreign caftans, marched in regimental formation through Moscow from Preobrazhenskoye to the village of Vorobyovo to the beat of drums. Peter himself served as a drummer.

In 1686, 14-year-old Peter started artillery with his “amusing” ones. Gunsmith Fyodor Zommer showed the Tsar grenade and firearms work. 16 guns were delivered from the Pushkarsky order. To control the heavy guns, the tsar took from the Stable Prikaz adult servants who were keen on military affairs, who were dressed in foreign-style uniforms and designated as amusing gunners. The first to put on a foreign uniform was Sergei Bukhvostov. Subsequently, Peter ordered a bronze bust of this first Russian soldier, as he called Bukhvostov. The amusing regiment began to be called Preobrazhensky, after its quartering place - the village of Preobrazhenskoye near Moscow.

In Preobrazhenskoye, opposite the palace, on the banks of the Yauza, an “amusing town” was built. During the construction of the fortress, Peter himself worked actively, helping to cut logs and install cannons. The “Most Joking, Most Drunken and Most Extravagant Council”, created by Peter, was located here - a parody of the Orthodox Church. The fortress itself was named Presburg, probably after the famous at that time Austrian fortress Presburg (now Bratislava - the capital of Slovakia), which he heard about from Captain Sommer. At the same time, in 1686, the first amusing ships appeared near Preshburg on the Yauza - a large shnyak and a plow with boats. During these years, Peter became interested in all the sciences that were related to military affairs. Under the guidance of the Dutchman Timmerman, he studied arithmetic, geometry, and military sciences.

One day, walking with Timmerman through the village of Izmailovo, Peter entered the Linen Yard, in the barn of which he found an English boot. In 1688, he instructed the Dutchman Karsten Brandt to repair, arm and equip this boat, and then lower it to the Yauza River. However, the Yauza and Prosyanoy Pond turned out to be too small for the ship, so Peter went to Pereslavl-Zalessky, to Lake Pleshcheevo, where he founded the first shipyard for the construction of ships. There were already two “Amusing” regiments: Semenovsky, located in the village of Semenovskoye, was added to Preobrazhensky. Preshburg already looked like a real fortress. To command regiments and study military science, knowledgeable and experienced people were needed. But there were no such people among the Russian courtiers. This is how Peter appeared in the German settlement.

I dug up a report about a spring walk from Semenovskaya to Preobrazhenskaya Square. A very interesting area from a historical point of view, the former Semenovskaya and Preobrazhenskaya settlements. Here and there, in the depths of the alleys, there are still untouched corners of old Moscow, there are even about 10 wooden houses).

House of the early 19th century on Izmailovskoye Shosse, 3a.

Izmailovskoe Highway 4. The house opposite is also from the early 19th century.

Bolshaya Semyonovskaya 55, a house from the 2nd half of the 19th century, living its last days. By the way, the far part of this house has the features of industrial architecture; it fits into the next photo. Previously, this house housed a lamb factory.

Three centuries of Moscow architecture) business center "Monte Falcone", included in the program of high-rise buildings "New Ring of Moscow"; a gloomy factory box from the 60s of the 20th century and the industrial part of house 55 from the previous photo.

Houses at the beginning of Bolshaya Semenovskaya Street:

A nice mansion on Zhuravlev Square. Actually, it is difficult to call it an area, with the exception of the initial section - the square in front of the MELZ cultural center. Further, from the Palace of Culture to N. Zhuravleva Lane, this is an ordinary street)

A mansion with Empire elements. Zhuravleva Square, 6:

The house is on the other side of the square in front of the cultural center. But it is listed at Malaya Semenovskaya, 1:

Malaya Semenovskaya street towards Izmailovsky Val:

Malaya Semenovskaya 11. An interesting wooden house; there are very few houses of this type left in Moscow...

And this is Preobrazhenskaya Sloboda. Street 9 Rota, 9a:

1st Suvorovsky Lane. The lane is short, between 9 Rota and Suvorovskaya streets. All of its historical buildings have been preserved:

House on the corner of Buzheninova Street and 2nd Elektrozavodsky Lane, 27/5. Until the 1970s there were a lot of such houses here, now only a few remain...

Wooden house on Buzheninova Street. Surprisingly, it does not have a sign with a number, and it is not marked on maps, nor is its extension on the left. Just an empty space on the maps) Maybe there is some kind of secret organization there))

What remains of the house on Suvorovskaya Street... by the way, is not marked on the map. Probably it used to have a 2nd wooden floor, then it burned down. Apparently it should be number 23.

Suvorovskaya street, 23. House at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries:

Suvorovskaya street, 10, in the background of the Green Fort residential complex. This is how historical buildings die... although it is also depicted in the rendering of the residential complex. Most likely they will demolish and replace it with a new building.

Suvorovskaya street, 51. But it is completely unclear what is being done with this house. Below is a photo from 1999, where it is made of wood and has five windows. The only thing that is similar in both pictures is the window on the side. It turns out that the house was made of brick, but the outside was covered with wood... an interesting case) perhaps it burned down and is now being “restored”. It’s not clear what will come of this.

This is what the house looked like in 1999:

Preobrazhenskaya Square.