Is secondary education compulsory? Compulsory universal primary education was introduced in Tsarist Russia.

4. In the Russian Federation, the realization of every person’s right to is ensured by the creation by federal government bodies, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local government bodies of appropriate socio-economic conditions for obtaining it, expanding opportunities to meet human needs in obtaining education of various levels and orientations during all my life.

Types of education in Russia

The main goal is to give the child a system of necessary knowledge in basic subjects. Basic education lasts from fifth to ninth grades. It assumes that the development of the child should be carried out in the main scientific directions.

As a result, secondary educational institutions must prepare teenagers for the State Examination in certain subjects.

Article 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation

In some constituent entities of the Russian Federation (Perm Territory, Tomsk Region, Chechen Republic, etc.), ministers of education issue their own acts.

Federal Law of the Russian Federation - On Education in the Russian Federation, N 273-FZ, Article 66

Secondary general education is aimed at the further development and formation of the student’s personality, the development of interest in knowledge and the student’s creative abilities, the formation of skills in independent learning activities based on individualization and professional orientation of the content of secondary general education, preparing the student for life in society, independent life choices, continued education and the beginning of professional activity.

3. Secondary general education is aimed at the further development and formation of the student’s personality, the development of interest in knowledge and the student’s creative abilities, the formation of skills in independent educational activities based on individualization and professional orientation of the content of secondary general education, preparing the student for life in society, independent life choices, continuing education and starting professional activities.

What education is compulsory in the Russian Federation?

Which is mandatory in Russia? In accordance with the Law “On in the Russian Federation”, primary, basic and secondary general education is mandatory.

The obligatory general average in relation to the student remains until he reaches the age of eighteen. If we answer the question of what education is compulsory in Russia more simply, then it is compulsory that is received at school, i.e.

Article 66 Law 273-FZ On Education in the Russian Federation 2019 new

Secondary general education is aimed at the further formation and formation of the student’s personality, the development of interest in knowledge and the student’s creative abilities, the formation of skills in independent educational activities based on individualization and professional orientation of the content of secondary general education, preparing the student for life in society, independent life choices, continuation and the beginning of professional activity.

These two levels of school are compulsory for all children according to their age.

After grade 9, a student has the right to leave school and continue his studies at a selected secondary specialized educational institution (hereinafter referred to as SES) (responsibility for such a decision rests with parents or guardians). Special educational institutions are divided into technical schools and colleges.

In educational institutions (state and non-state), students are trained in available specialties for 2-3 (sometimes 4) years.

Website of students of school No. 917 ->

Secondary general education is aimed at the further formation and formation of the student’s personality, the development of interest in knowledge and the student’s creative abilities, the formation of skills in independent learning activities based on individualization and professional orientation of the content of secondary general education, preparing the student for life in society, independent life choices, and continued education and the beginning of professional activity. 4.

The obligated person is not the subject of the constitutional right to education, the student, but his parents (legal representatives).

Imposing this responsibility on parents means prohibiting parents from preventing their children from acquiring an education of the named level, as well as facilitating in every possible way their acquisition of it. Thus, in fact, the subject of the constitutional right to education does not coincide with the subject of the corresponding constitutional duty.

Student life

But this is not enough, because at school they will teach only general education subjects (and then without going into depth), we will be taught to write, read, count, but for an independent adult life we ​​will need much more knowledge. Moreover, in the modern world there is very high competition in the labor market.

Therefore, sometimes, when asked what education is compulsory, you want to answer - one that will open up many prospects for you and provide you with a well-paid job.

Article 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation

Education is a process of development, self-development and personal education associated with mastering the socially significant experience of humanity in various fields of activity. The objectives of education are to know, understand, be able to, participate in creative activities, and have an established emotional and value-based attitude towards the world. The right to education is enshrined in the most important international legal acts.

In Art. 13 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966

Features of the school education system in our country

As an experiment, a four-year primary school was introduced, although children and their parents had the right to choose. If they decided to study for 10 years, then primary education took 3 years.

If the full age is 11, then children studied for 4 years before primary school. Today everyone is studying according to an eleven-year program, and the standards for mastering the program provide for the following stages of education: First - 4 years corresponds to primary education; Second – 5 years of basic education; Third – 2 years of secondary or complete education. The school education system in Russia defines only primary and general education as a compulsory stage of education, which is consistent with the Constitution of the country.

Freedom in Education

Blog of the inspector of public education

Russians also have the right to receive preschool, primary general and basic general education in their native language. In addition, education can be obtained in a foreign language in accordance with the educational program and in the manner established by the legislation on education and local regulations of the organization carrying out educational activities. Primary general, basic general and secondary general education are compulsory levels of education.

Is compulsory secondary education necessary?

Most likely, the first question many guys will have is: what about the army?

The guys will have a deferment from service only up to 20 years. Another innovation will please poor students - it is prohibited to leave children for the second year in senior (10th and 11th) grades.

Those who are unable to complete the school program will complete their education in other forms (correspondence, evening school, etc.). Why were such changes needed?

Russian Education Minister Andrei Fursenko said that this is being done to raise the authority of higher education: “There are now 3.2 thousand in the country.

2 in ed. Federal Law of June 25, 2002 N 71-FZ) (see.

text in the previous edition) 3.

General education is compulsory.

(Clause 3 as amended by Federal Law No. 194-FZ of July 21, 2007) (see

text in the previous edition) 4. The requirement of compulsory general education in relation to a specific student remains in force until he reaches the age of eighteen years, if the corresponding education has not been received by the student earlier.

Law of the Russian Federation On Education

Establishment of a compulsory level of general education in the Russian Federation

One of the main guarantees of the implementation of the constitutional right to education is the establishment at the constitutional level of a compulsory level of general education. In accordance with Part 4 of Art. 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, “basic general education is compulsory. Parents or persons replacing them ensure that their children receive basic general education.” A similar rule is enshrined in paragraph 3 of Art. 19 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”, according to which “basic general education and state (final) certification are mandatory.”

In constitutional law, there are two types of duties: some are imperative, imperative in nature (direct prohibition), others are indirect in nature. L.D. Voevodin notes that, just like constitutional rights, constitutional duties have direct effect, but the mechanism for their implementation and prosecution in case of non-fulfillment must be enshrined in current legislation.

The traditional understanding of constitutional obligation as a measure of socially necessary behavior of an obligated person established by the state and requirements constitutionally enshrined and protected by legal liability in relation to the obligation to receive a general education has a number of features:

1. The obligated person is not the subject of the constitutional right to education, the student, but his parents (legal representatives). Imposing this responsibility on parents means prohibiting parents from preventing their children from acquiring an education of the named level, as well as facilitating in every possible way their acquisition of it. Thus, in fact, the subject of the constitutional right to education does not coincide with the subject of the corresponding constitutional duty.

2. Lax formulation. The term “provide” instead of “obliged” does not contain a direct legal meaning in terms of the obligation to perform certain actions. In this regard, the scope of liability for violation of this constitutional obligation is very insignificant, which does not contribute to reducing the level of child illiteracy in Russia and the general increase in the educational level of citizens.

3. Limited period of implementation: the requirement of compulsory basic general education in relation to a specific student remains in force until he reaches the age of fifteen.

4. The opportunity to implement this constitutional obligation in a non-state educational institution that has state accreditation. It is impossible to design such a situation for the fulfillment of other constitutional duties in the non-state sector. So, for example, it is impossible to fulfill the constitutional obligation to perform military service - in a “private army” or to pay taxes and fees established by law to the bank account of a non-governmental organization.

Compulsory education in the Russian Federation

The above allows us to conclude that the state functions of organizing the acquisition of a compulsory level of education, enshrined at the constitutional level, are “delegated” to a non-state educational institution in order to improve the educational level of the country as a whole.

Currently, the compulsory level of education is established within the framework of basic general education (9 grades). A number of subjects of the Russian Federation (Moscow, the Altai Republic, etc.) at the level of regional legislation decided to increase the level of compulsory education in the territory of a given subject of the federation to complete (secondary) general education. In connection with such a decision, the question arises: is there a violation of constitutional norms in terms of imposing additional responsibilities on parents of students (or persons replacing them) in a particular region, which creates inequality of rights of citizens in Russia.

The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation considered the issue of the legality of the introduction by a subject of the Russian Federation of the above norm and came to the conclusion that such provisions do not contradict the Constitution of the Russian Federation only if the responsibility assigned to parents for realizing the right of children to receive secondary (complete) general education corresponds to those adopted on itself as a subject of the Russian Federation is obliged to ensure such conditions. The Court motivated its decision by the fact that the Russian Federation is a social state whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of people, including through the development of state support for childhood and the establishment of guarantees of social protection (Article 7 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). By establishing that parents are obliged to ensure that their children receive secondary (complete) general education, the norm of the Constitution of the Altai Republic, in accordance with the goals of the social state, additionally guarantees greater opportunities for minors who would like to continue their education. The Altai Republic assumes obligations to finance and provide material and technical support for the right to education in the specified volume and entrusts the parents of minors with assistance in its implementation and protection. Such regulation does not violate the division of jurisdiction and powers established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, since the protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, as well as general issues of education are under the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities.

Currently, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation is working on a draft federal law that would make it possible to establish compulsoryness of all three levels of general education, for which it is proposed to rename the levels of general education. As a result of this transformation by introducing the intermediate level of “basic general education” (grades 5-9) and the abolition of the level of secondary (complete) general education, the mandatory level of basic general education established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation will fall on the last 11th grade.

For failure to fulfill this constitutional obligation, a number of legal penalties are provided. The subjects of this responsibility are also the parents (legal representatives) of children who prevent their children from receiving general education and/or do not ensure that they receive this type of education.

Art. 5.35 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses (CAO) establishes administrative liability for failure by parents or other legal representatives of minors to fulfill their responsibilities for the education, maintenance and upbringing of minors, as well as for the protection of their rights and interests in the form of a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine in the amount of one to five minimum wages. For failure by parents to fulfill their obligations to raise a minor, criminal liability is established in Art. 156 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. However, a much more effective negative consequence for a person who has not received the required level of education is, in our opinion, the inability to continue education at a higher educational institution.

In the meantime, it should be noted that the scope of responsibility for violation of this constitutional obligation is not commensurate with the scale and degree of elaboration of the mechanism for bringing to responsibility for violation of other constitutional obligations: the obligation of everyone to pay legally established taxes and fees (Article 57 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) and to preserve nature and the environment environment, take care of natural resources (Article 58 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation), as well as the duties of a citizen of the Russian Federation to defend the Fatherland and perform military service (Article 59 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). The above allows us to conclude that there is an unjustified understatement of the importance of this type of constitutional responsibility for the development of the education system, for raising the educational level of the country's citizens, for strengthening the national security and integrity of Russia.

1. Primary general education is aimed at the formation of the student’s personality, the development of his individual abilities, positive motivation and skills in educational activities (mastery of reading, writing, counting, basic skills of educational activities, elements of theoretical thinking, simple self-control skills, culture of behavior and speech, the fundamentals personal hygiene and healthy lifestyle).

2. Basic general education is aimed at the formation and formation of the student’s personality (formation of moral beliefs, aesthetic taste and healthy lifestyle, high culture of interpersonal and interethnic communication, mastery of the basics of science, the state language of the Russian Federation, mental and physical labor skills, development of inclinations and interests , abilities for social self-determination).

Secondary general education is aimed at the further formation and formation of the student’s personality, the development of interest in knowledge and the student’s creative abilities, the formation of skills in independent learning activities based on individualization and professional orientation of the content of secondary general education, preparing the student for life in society, independent life choices, and continued education and the beginning of professional activity.

4. The organization of educational activities according to educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education can be based on differentiation of content taking into account the educational needs and interests of students, ensuring in-depth study of individual academic subjects, subject areas of the relevant educational program (profile training).

5. Primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education are compulsory levels of education. Students who have not mastered the basic educational program of primary general and (or) basic general education are not allowed to study at the following levels of general education. The requirement of compulsory secondary general education in relation to a specific student remains in force until he reaches the age of eighteen, if the corresponding education has not been received by the student earlier.

6. With the consent of the parents (legal representatives) of a minor student, the commission on affairs of minors and the protection of their rights and the local government body that manages the field of education, a student who has reached the age of fifteen years may leave the general education organization until receiving basic general education. The Commission on Minors' Affairs and the Protection of Their Rights, together with the parents (legal representatives) of the minor who left the general education organization before receiving basic general education, and the local government body that manages the field of education, takes measures no later than one month to continue the development of the minor's educational program. programs of basic general education in another form of training and with his consent for employment.

7. In an educational organization that implements educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education, conditions may be created for students to live in a boarding school, as well as for supervision and care of children in after-school groups.

8. For the maintenance of children in an educational organization with a boarding school, including provision of students in accordance with established standards with clothing, shoes, soft equipment, personal hygiene items, school and writing supplies, games and toys, household equipment, food and their organization - consumer services, as well as for the provision of supervision and care for children in extended day groups, the founder of an educational organization has the right to establish a fee charged to parents (legal representatives) of minor students, and its amount, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law. The founder has the right to reduce the amount of the specified fee or not to charge it from certain categories of parents (legal representatives) of minor students in cases and in the manner determined by him.

9. It is not allowed to include expenses for the implementation of the educational program of primary general, basic general and (or) secondary general education, as well as expenses for the maintenance of real estate of state and municipal educational organizations in the parental fee for the maintenance of children in an educational organization that has a boarding school, for the implementation supervision and care of children in after-school groups in such organizations.

10. For students in need of long-term treatment, disabled children who, for health reasons, cannot attend educational organizations, training in educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education is organized at home or in medical organizations.

Compulsory education in Russia, how many classes?

The procedure for formalizing relations between a state or municipal educational organization and students and (or) their parents (legal representatives) in terms of organizing training in educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education at home or in medical organizations is established by a regulatory legal act of the authorized government body subject of the Russian Federation.

12. For students with deviant (socially dangerous) behavior who need special conditions of education, training and require a special pedagogical approach, in order for them to receive primary general, basic general and secondary general education, authorized bodies of state power of the Russian Federation or constituent entities of the Russian Federation create special educational institutions of open and closed types.

The procedure for sending minor citizens to special educational institutions of open and closed types and the conditions of their stay in such institutions are determined by Federal Law of June 24, 1999 N 120-FZ “On the fundamentals of the system for preventing neglect and delinquency of minors.”

Levels of education in the Russian Federation

On September 1, 2013, a new law “On Education” came into force in Russia (the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” was adopted by the State Duma on December 21, 2012, approved by the Federation Council on December 26, 2012). According to this law, new levels of education are established in Russia. The level of education is understood as a completed cycle of education, characterized by a certain unified set of requirements.

From September 1, 2013, the following levels of general education are established in the Russian Federation:

1. preschool education;
2. primary general education;
3. basic general education;
4. secondary general education.

Vocational education is divided into the following levels:

1. secondary vocational education;
2. higher education - bachelor's degree;
3. higher education - specialty, master's degree;
4. higher education - training of highly qualified personnel.

Let us dwell in more detail on the characteristics of each level.

General education levels

Preschool education is aimed at the formation of a general culture, the development of physical, intellectual, moral, aesthetic and personal qualities, the formation of prerequisites for educational activities, the preservation and strengthening of the health of preschool children.

Educational programs of preschool education are aimed at the diversified development of preschool children, taking into account their age and individual characteristics, including the achievement by preschool children of a level of development necessary and sufficient for their successful development of educational programs of primary general education, based on an individual approach to preschool children and activities specific to preschool children. The development of educational programs of preschool education is not accompanied by intermediate certifications and final certification of students.

Primary general education is aimed at the formation of the student’s personality, the development of his individual abilities, positive motivation and skills in educational activities (mastery of reading, writing, counting, basic skills of educational activities, elements of theoretical thinking, simple self-control skills, culture of behavior and speech, the basics of personal hygiene and a healthy lifestyle life). Receiving preschool education in educational organizations can begin when children reach the age of two months. Receiving primary general education in educational organizations begins when children reach the age of six years and six months in the absence of contraindications for health reasons, but no later than they reach the age of eight years.

Basic general education is aimed at the formation and formation of the student’s personality (formation of moral beliefs, aesthetic taste and a healthy lifestyle, a high culture of interpersonal and interethnic communication, mastery of the basics of science, the Russian language, mental and physical labor skills, development of inclinations, interests, and the ability for social self-determination).

Secondary general education is aimed at the further formation and formation of the student’s personality, the development of interest in knowledge and the student’s creative abilities, the formation of skills in independent educational activities based on individualization and professional orientation of the content of secondary general education, the preparation of the student for life in society, independent life choices, continued education and the beginning of a professional activities.

Primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education are compulsory levels of education. Children who fail to complete the programs at one of these levels are not allowed to study at the next levels of general education.

Levels of professional education

Secondary vocational education is aimed at solving the problems of intellectual, cultural and professional development of a person and has the goal of training qualified workers or employees and mid-level specialists in all main areas of socially useful activities in accordance with the needs of society and the state, as well as meeting the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education. Persons with an education of at least basic general or secondary general education are allowed to receive secondary vocational education. If a student in a secondary vocational education program has only basic general education, then simultaneously with his profession, he also masters the secondary general education program in the learning process.

Secondary vocational education can be obtained at technical schools and colleges. The standard regulations “On an educational institution of secondary vocational education (secondary specialized educational institution)” give the following definitions: a) technical school - a secondary specialized educational institution that implements basic professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of basic training; b) college - a secondary specialized educational institution that implements basic professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of basic training and programs of secondary vocational education of advanced training.

Higher education aims to ensure the training of highly qualified personnel in all main areas of socially useful activities in accordance with the needs of society and the state, satisfying the needs of the individual in intellectual, cultural and moral development, deepening and expanding education, scientific and pedagogical qualifications. Persons with secondary general education are allowed to study bachelor's or specialist's programs. Persons with higher education of any level are allowed to study master's programs.

Persons with at least a higher education degree (specialist's or master's degree) are allowed to study programs for training highly qualified personnel (postgraduate (adjunct) studies, residency programs, assistantship-internship programs). Persons with a higher medical education or higher pharmaceutical education are allowed to study residency programs. Persons with a higher education in the field of arts are allowed to participate in assistantship-internship programs.

Admission to educational programs of higher education is carried out separately for bachelor's degree programs, specialty programs, master's programs, programs for training highly qualified scientific and pedagogical personnel on a competitive basis.

Admission to master's programs and training programs for highly qualified personnel is carried out based on the results of entrance tests conducted by the educational organization independently.

Bachelor's degree- this is the level of basic higher education, which lasts 4 years and is practice-oriented in nature. Upon completion of this program, the university graduate is issued a diploma of higher professional education with a bachelor's degree.

What kind of education is compulsory in Russia?

Accordingly, a bachelor is a university graduate who has received fundamental training without any narrow specialization; he has the right to occupy all those positions for which the qualification requirements require higher education. Examinations are provided as qualifying tests for obtaining a bachelor's degree.

Master's degree- this is a higher level of higher education, which is acquired in 2 additional years after completing a bachelor’s degree and involves a deeper mastery of the theoretical aspects of the field of study, orienting the student towards research activities in this field. Upon completion of this program, the graduate is awarded a diploma of higher professional education with a master's degree. The main objective of the master's program is to prepare professionals for a successful career in international and Russian companies, as well as analytical, consulting and research activities. To obtain a master's degree in a chosen specialty, it is not necessary to have a bachelor's degree in the same specialty. In this case, obtaining a master's degree is considered as a second higher education. Qualifying tests for obtaining a master's degree include exams and the defense of a final qualifying work - a master's thesis.

Along with the new levels of higher education, there is a traditional type - specialty, the program of which provides for 5 years of study at a university, upon completion of which the graduate is issued a diploma of higher professional education and is awarded the degree of certified specialist. The list of specialties for which specialists are trained was approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1136 of December 30, 2009.

Based on materials: http://273-fz.rf/

The Law on Education in the Russian Federation - 273 Federal Law, adopted by the State Duma on December 21, 2012, it completely regulates the field of education in our country. For managers, this document is a reference book, a kind of Bible, which they are obliged to know and strictly observe all provisions. It is advisable that both parents and students of various educational institutions also become familiar with the main provisions of the Law.

Unfortunately, within the framework of one article it is impossible to analyze in detail the entire Law, each of its points. We will analyze the key, most important provisions that can help many consumers of educational services, since the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” is applied in kindergartens, schools, colleges, universities, etc.

Basic Concepts

Education is a single, purposeful process of upbringing and training an individual, a set of acquired knowledge, skills, experience, moral values, and attitudes. The goal is the formation of a comprehensively developed citizen with high intellectual, physical, cultural, spiritual and moral development.

It is a mistake to believe that education is only about obtaining information. Here we are using the terms incorrectly.

Training is the purposeful acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities.

Education is a process aimed at the spiritual and moral development of the individual, as a result of which the development of generally accepted rules and norms should occur.

Education includes training (acquisition of knowledge and skills), upbringing (mastering generally accepted norms), and physical development.

education requirement

A teaching worker is a person who carries out the educational process. He has an employment relationship with an educational organization, performs certain job responsibilities, and receives a salary for it. Before the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” was adopted, there were no restrictions at the legislative level for hiring a teacher in a school or a teacher in a kindergarten. At school, it was quite normal to see as a teacher a person who himself had difficulty finishing school at one time. In the absence of professional personnel and low pay for teachers, few went to pedagogical universities. The problem is aggravated by the very low percentage of graduates who decide to connect their lives with educational institutions.

Today the situation is different: the law “On Education in the Russian Federation” establishes a ban on engaging in teaching activities for persons who do not have the appropriate qualifications. In Art. 46 of the Law directly establishes that a person who has graduated from a higher educational institution has the right to be an education worker. Education alone is not enough. It will also be necessary to undergo an additional specialization in “Pedagogy” if the applicant’s university or college is not pedagogical.

Education document

The Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” provides for the issuance of supporting documents (certificate, diploma) for completing the following levels of education:

1. Basic general.
2. Average overall.
3. Initial professional.
4. A professional environment.
5. Higher education - bachelor's degree.
6. Higher education is a specialty.
7. Higher education - master's degree.

Education system

The Law “On Education of the Russian Federation” (latest edition) contains a hierarchy of main components in a unified education system:

1. and instructions are regulatory documents according to which schools, institutes, colleges, etc. are required to carry out educational activities. The status of the educational organization does not matter: commercial, budgetary, government - if it has a license to issue the relevant documents, then it is obliged to provide training based on standards .
2. Direct implementation of training: educational organizations, teaching staff, students, legal representatives.
3. Federal government bodies, authorities of subjects exercising control. The main role belongs to the Federal State Service for Supervision in Education (Rosobrnadzor). In the regions, this function is performed by the regional ministries of education. They monitor the implementation of state standards in educational institutions.
4. Organizations providing educational activities. In districts, district education committees are responsible for financing budgetary schools. They also conduct assessment activities in the controlled areas of all schools.
5. Associations of individuals or legal entities engaged in educational activities. A striking example is the teachers' union.

Goals of federal state standards

The Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” assigns a key place to federal state standards. They perform the following tasks:

1. Unity of education. It follows that throughout the country, students receive an identical level of education, which means equality of opportunity.
2. Continuity. Despite the dynamic development and reform of the education system, the introduction of new standards and requirements, the key task is to maintain continuity. You cannot completely destroy the entire system every year for the sake of short-term political or economic gain.
3. Variability. Despite the unity of education as a whole, the law on education in the Russian Federation excludes the strict totalitarian framework of unity when receiving it. Depending on abilities, desires, and time, various options for achieving certain tasks are created.
4. Guarantee. It follows that the state controls the unity of education throughout the country.

You can study at home! Forms of training

This is difficult to imagine for a Soviet person, but the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” provides for training not only in educational institutions. Article 17 lists the acceptable forms of training:

1. In the traditional form - in specialized educational institutions.
2. In an alternative form - outside specialized educational institutions.

The traditional form is divided into:

1. In person.
2. Correspondence.
3. Part-time.

Distance learning is gaining popularity nowadays. In the age of information technology, visiting museums, theaters, and rare exhibitions on the other side of the planet without leaving home has become a reality. Information and communication technologies have also penetrated into education.

The Law “On Education of the Russian Federation” is a new law. However, he does not identify distance education as a separate category. The student is at home, prepares according to an individual schedule, listens to lectures remotely, using communication channels. Therefore, distance education falls under the category of correspondence education.

Alternative form

It is not necessary to send a child to school today to receive it. The Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” allows for this possibility. In addition, the state allocates money for alternative forms of education for each child.

Species

Obtaining a certificate outside of school is divided into two types:

1. Family education.
2. Self-education.

Family education involves shifting the function of education to the family. It is for this form that the state pays compensation. Of course, schools react very painfully to this. This is understandable: no one wants to be left without a salary. Judicial practice shows that the courts are completely on the side of the parents. The average compensation for a middle and senior student is about 10 thousand rubles.

The problem of involving child labor as cleaners

School duty is a tradition that we inherited from the Soviet past. Many parents still don’t see a problem with their children cleaning floors while on duty at school. However, Article 34 of the Law directly provides for parental consent to such involvement of a child in labor. Technology and labor training classes are mandatory. It is here that students are legally required, in accordance with federal government programs, to be involved in work: sewing, cooking, woodworking. Everything else is only at the request of the parents.

Results

So, the main law that regulates the field of education is the Federal Law “On Education of the Russian Federation”. Its articles contain a description of the organization of the educational process, the competencies of local authorities, forms and types of education, rules for final certifications, etc. We discussed the most interesting aspects of this Law in the article.

Hello. In accordance with the Federal Law on Education, as a general rule, such education is mandatory.

5. Primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education are compulsory levels of education. Students who have not mastered the basic educational program of primary general and (or) basic general education are not allowed to study at the following levels of general education. The requirement of compulsory secondary general education in relation to a specific student remains in force until he reaches the age of eighteen, if the corresponding education has not been received by the student earlier.

But in accordance with paragraph 6 of this article, it is allowed that a minor may not continue studying at school if he is 15 years old.

6. With the consent of the parents (legal representatives) of a minor student, the commission for minors’ affairs and protection of their rights and the local government body that manages the field of education, the student who has reached the age of fifteen years, may leave the general education organization until he receives basic general education. The Commission on the Affairs of Minors and the Protection of Their Rights, together with the parents (legal representatives) of the minor who left the general education organization before receiving basic general education, and the local government body that manages the field of education , no later than within a month, takes measures to continue the development by minors of the educational program of basic general education in another form of education and with his consent for employment.

But this applies to those moments when the child has not completed 9th grade. If you have completed them, you can then choose a further form of education together with your parents.

Was the lawyer's response helpful? + 0 - 0

Collapse

1. Primary general education is aimed at the formation of the student’s personality, the development of his individual abilities, positive motivation and skills in educational activities (mastery of reading, writing, counting, basic skills of educational activities, elements of theoretical thinking, simple self-control skills, culture of behavior and speech, the fundamentals personal hygiene and healthy lifestyle).

2. Basic general education is aimed at the formation and formation of the student’s personality (formation of moral beliefs, aesthetic taste and healthy lifestyle, high culture of interpersonal and interethnic communication, mastery of the basics of science, the state language of the Russian Federation, mental and physical labor skills, development of inclinations and interests , abilities for social self-determination).

3. Secondary general education is aimed at the further development and formation of the student’s personality, the development of interest in knowledge and the student’s creative abilities, the formation of skills in independent educational activities based on individualization and professional orientation of the content of secondary general education, preparing the student for life in society, independent life choices, continuing education and starting professional activities.

4. The organization of educational activities according to educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education can be based on differentiation of content taking into account the educational needs and interests of students, ensuring in-depth study of individual academic subjects, subject areas of the relevant educational program (profile training).

5. Primary general education, basic general education, secondary general education are compulsory levels of education. Students who have not mastered the basic educational program of primary general and (or) basic general education are not allowed to study at the following levels of general education. The requirement of compulsory secondary general education in relation to a specific student remains in force until he reaches the age of eighteen, if the corresponding education has not been received by the student earlier.

6. With the consent of the parents (legal representatives) of a minor student, the commission on affairs of minors and the protection of their rights and the local government body that manages the field of education, a student who has reached the age of fifteen years may leave the general education organization until receiving basic general education. The Commission on Minors' Affairs and the Protection of Their Rights, together with the parents (legal representatives) of the minor who left the general education organization before receiving basic general education, and the local government body that manages the field of education, takes measures no later than one month to continue the development of the minor's educational program. programs of basic general education in another form of training and with his consent for employment.

7. In an educational organization that implements educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education, conditions may be created for students to live in a boarding school, as well as for supervision and care of children in after-school groups.

8. For the maintenance of children in an educational organization with a boarding school, including provision of students in accordance with established standards with clothing, shoes, soft equipment, personal hygiene items, school and writing supplies, games and toys, household equipment, food and their organization - consumer services, as well as for the provision of supervision and care for children in extended day groups, the founder of an educational organization has the right to establish a fee charged to parents (legal representatives) of minor students, and its amount, unless otherwise provided by this Federal Law. The founder has the right to reduce the amount of the specified fee or not to charge it from certain categories of parents (legal representatives) of minor students in cases and in the manner determined by him.

9. It is not allowed to include expenses for the implementation of the educational program of primary general, basic general and (or) secondary general education, as well as expenses for the maintenance of real estate of state and municipal educational organizations in the parental fee for the maintenance of children in an educational organization that has a boarding school, for the implementation supervision and care of children in after-school groups in such organizations.

10. For students in need of long-term treatment, disabled children who, for health reasons, cannot attend educational organizations, training in educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education is organized at home or in medical organizations.

11. The procedure for formalizing relations between a state or municipal educational organization and students and (or) their parents (legal representatives) regarding the organization of training in educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education at home or in medical organizations is established by a regulatory legal act of the authorized body state power of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.