Any and some use. The words a, any and some: indefinite article vs indefinite pronouns

The English language is increasingly penetrating all cultures, entering our lives and occupying a significant place in it. Modern world every day requires self-development from a person, and knowledge of foreign languages ​​is included in this list. To speak English is to know and correctly use its basic constructions, taking into account all the nuances, of which there are many.

For some, a few memorized phrases in English may be enough, but to speak competently and fluently foreign language, you need to study all its features, face its difficulties and understand the entire mechanism of its existence. And even such small particles as some, any, no, the rule of which in different cases applied in different ways, important for in English.

Pronouns in English

A pronoun is a word that indicates an object or its attribute, but does not name it. IN English There are several groups of pronouns, each of which has its own rules and features of use. One of the main groups is These include I, he, she, it, we, you, they, as well as the same pronouns in objective case. Second group - It includes that, this and their forms in Possessive pronouns are my, his, her, its, our, you’re and their. AND great place among these groups pronouns occupy some, any, no. The rule is different for each group, but in general they create a system that is an integral part of the English language.

Pronoun some

Some in English means “some”, “several”, “some”. This pronoun is mainly used in affirmative sentences. For example:

I have some books. - I have some books.
You buy some buns. - You bought some buns.

About the nuances of use some, any, no the rule states that the first can be used in interrogative sentences, if they are talking about a proposal or a request.

Would you like some milk? - Would you like some milk?
Give me, please, some water. - Give me some water, please.

With a wide variety of interpretations, the question may arise: when and how to understand the translation of this word? This is why English is so diverse. Some, any- there is a rule for any case of their use. If the pronoun some characterizes something in singular, then it is translated as “some”, and if in the plural, then “several”. But if this is a plural uncountable, then the translation will sound like “a little.”

Pronoun any

Some or any- the rule for their translation is almost the same. Pronoun any although it has its own nuances of use, it is generally interpreted like the previous pronoun, namely “some”, “several”, “some”. Also any can be used to mean "any". Much is the same when applied some or any. The rule is that they must be used before the noun that they characterize.

Have you got any juice? - Do you have juice? (some juice)
I don't have any ideas. - I don't have any ideas.

Any usually used in negative and interrogative sentences. If this pronoun is combined with the particle not, then it will have the value “none”. Also any often not translated at all.

She didn't make any mistakes in her test. - She didn't make any mistakes in the test.
Have you got any books here? - Do you have any books here?

Pronoun no

No translated as “not at all”, “no”. This pronoun occurs exclusively in negative sentences and is used with all nouns in the singular and plural. Main task no- indicate the absence of something or someone.

I have no money today. - I don't have money today.
There are no information in the newspaper. - There is no information in the newspaper.

Between not And no There is big difference: The first is used for a verb, the second before a noun.

Some, any - rule, table of derivatives

Thanks to the above pronouns, you can create other words when we're talking about about things, places or people. Some, any, no- the rule of their use allows them to be combined with other particles and obtain new pronouns. The English language is so multifaceted that even such operations are possible in it. But to carry them out competently, deep, fundamental knowledge is required.

Rules for using derivatives of some, any, no

The rule for using derivatives of these pronouns is simple, but still worth attention for constructing literate speech.

• Derivations from these pronouns are used when the speech does not indicate where, what or who performs the action.
• For a short answer, the forms nobody, nothing or nowhere are suitable. They also need to be used when the affirmative form is used, but the task is to construct a negative sentence.
• Somebody, nobody are equivalent in meaning to someone, no one. They are applied according to the same rules, and the meaning of the sentence does not change from such a replacement.
• Anybody, anything, anywhere must be used with verbs in the negative form or in questions.

Usage table

Pronouns some, any- as a rule, a table of their use - all this needs to be learned and put into practice to assimilate.

The English language is rich in grammatical structures, and you need to know all of them to speak the language high level. Pronouns some, any, no occupy one part in a hundred, but these structures also need to be paid attention to. Like Russian, English has various word forms that make it richer and brighter. Derivatives from these pronouns play the same important role, like their foundations, creating new concepts and meanings. These rules need to be honed, regularly created examples of their use, taught and understood. English seems complicated when you expect its grammar to be too simple. But in fact, if you make an effort, all these structures will be remembered quickly and without difficulty.

In English grammar, attention should be paid to special attention categories of indefinite pronouns, which include pronouns such as some, any, little, few, every, much, etc.

These pronouns are studied in individual topics usually in pairs:

Some/any;

Either/neither;

Much/many, etc.

This article will cover in detail the pronouns some and any, which are used in different meanings. To present the information in a convenient, structured form, all of it is entered into a table.

Usage table for Some and Any

The meaning of indefinite pronouns and their translation into Russian depends on the sentence in which they are used: affirmative, interrogative or negative.

1. a) Some several, some used in affirmative sentences, for example:

b) When the adjective pronoun some (with the meaning some amount) stands before an uncountable noun, replacing the article; it is not translated into Russian.

Some before a numeral matters approximately, about.

Some is sometimes used before singular countable nouns with the meaning some.

c) The noun pronoun some translates some of with the subsequent definition introduced preposition of.

2. Any is used:

a) In affirmative sentences with the meaning everyone, any before countable nouns in the singular. For example:

b) In conditional sentences with some meaning. For example:

c) In negative sentences with the meaning none. For example:

d) With uncountable nouns or when you need to replace them. In this case the word any usually not translated into Russian. For example:

Any of translates any of. For example:

With a noun, only the pronoun no (and not not any) is used as a subject, which is translated into Russian none, none.

None is used instead of an already mentioned noun.

None as a pronoun-noun with a definition introduced by the preposition of, translates none from:

Derived words from the indefinite pronouns some, any and the negative pronoun no

The pronouns some, any, no, as well as the pronoun avery everyone occur with the words thing thing, body person, one someone, were where, where.
WITH negative pronouns and adverbs there can be two options for constructing an English sentence. For example:

In negative sentences if available no, nothing, nobody, no one, none, nowhere the verb is placed in affirmative form, since there should not be two negatives in a sentence. For example:

Notes: 1. In negative sentences, only nobody, no one, and nothing are used as subjects.

2. After the pronouns nobody, nothing, anybody (in an affirmative sentence), anything, no one, somebody, something, everything, everybody The verb is in the 3rd person singular.

3. English word every as an adjective in English-Russian dictionaries is translated by the Russian word every. Derivatives of the words everybody, everyone are also given in the meanings everyone, everyone (person).
In order to comply stylistic norms In Russian speech, combinations of the word every with a noun (every effort, every action) can be translated into the Russian word all (all efforts).
In this case, the predicate of the English sentence, expressed in the personal form of the verb in the singular, is conveyed by the Russian verb in the plural:

In the grammar of the English language, such a topic as: “Rules for using Some and Any” is one of the fundamental ones (the same as, for example,), since without the use of these words it is difficult to imagine ordinary spoken and written English speech. Some Any The rules can be classified as grammar for beginners, because they are only part of a topic that also includes the indefinite pronoun No, the so-called some any no rule. So let's begin. It is important to remember that Some and Any are synonyms in English.

Some is a pronoun. It can be translated into Russian in different ways, depending on the context. Basic meanings: a little, a few, some, some. Any [ˈɛnɪ] - can be both a pronoun and an adjective, and one of the main meanings is any.

Some and Any are used as with countables(those that can be counted) so with the uncountable(cannot be counted) nouns. All these rules also apply to derivatives from these pronouns: anything, something, anywhere, somewhere and others.

The general rules for using some and any are quite simple:

• “Some” - used in affirmative (+) sentences. When we want to talk about something without indicating exact quantity. I have several friends in Moscow. There are several lemons on the tree. I need some help. My wedding photo received several likes on Facebook. In these sentences I write the words: several, some, etc., but as a rule, Some and Any are not translated into Russian, are simply implied. Examples:
  I have some friends in Moscow. There are some lemons on the tree. I need some help. My wedding photo got some likes on Facebook.
• “Any” - used in negative (-) and interrogative (?) sentences. I don't want vegetables (any kind). I don't have pets (any kind). Do you have any brothers and sisters (any kind: older, younger, siblings, etc.)? Do you speak any other languages?
  Examples: I don’t want any vegetables. I haven't got any pets. Do you have any brothers or sisters? Can she speak any other languages?
• Rule for using some and any, like any other, has its own exceptions.
  • — Some can be used in interrogative sentences (?) if these are polite questions, suggestions and requests to which a positive answer is generally expected. That is, we either offer something or ask for something. At the same time, the sentence: Would you like some cheese? More natural and polite than the seemingly correct: “Would you like any cheese?” Another example: Do you want something to eat? Can I borrow some money?
    There is another subtle point that is rarely written about in Russian-language textbooks. When do we use some in question, we limit the choice of what we offer to the other person.For example, “Can I get you something to drink? “Coffee, or tea?” means that I offer you a limited selection of drinks. When do we use any in question, we do not limit the choice.For example, “Would you like anything to drink?” includes a range of drinks.
  • —Any can also be used in affirmative sentences if preceded by the words: never, without, hardly. Also if we are talking about sentences with the word If(If).
    Examples:
    — We never go anywhere. She never eats any fruit.- Lina did her homework without any help. Jack left the house without any money.
    — We hardly watch any television
    —If you have any questions, just ask.
  • —Any can be used in an affirmative sentence, also if its meaning is “any, any, any.” Example: You may call me anytime at your convenience. - You can call me at any time convenient for you. "Do you have any questions?" — Do you have any (any) questions?

Some/Any table

You can download the Some / Any table in pdf format for printing, as well as the Some / Any tests with answers.

Rules for using some and any can also be found in these excellent English grammar textbooks.

In English, these words are classified as pronouns (Pronouns). Surely you have already met them. How to correctly use these words, as well as their derivatives (somebody, anything, nowhere)?

Rule #1

The usage depends on the type of sentence - affirmative, negative or interrogative.

As you can see, these words are used in the same way with both countable and uncountable nouns, but they will be translated into Russian slightly differently. For example:

I have some books in my bag. - I have it in my bag some books.

I have some money in my purse. - I have it in my wallet A little money.

Ben doesn't have any pens. - Ben doesn't have no handles

There isn't any milk in the fridge. - In the refrigerator not at all milk.

Do you have any questions? – Do you have any questions?

Do you have any flour? - Do you have for some time flour?

Rule #2

There are 2 cases when the word some is used in an interrogative sentence.

1. Request:
   

   Could you lend me some money? - Could you lend me A little money?

2. Offer:
   

   Would you like some water? - You don’t want to A little water?

Rule #3

Also the word some can be used to mean "some". In this case, it must be followed by a preposition of and either the definite article the, or possessive pronoun (my, her...). For example:

Some of my friends play football. – Some of my friends play football.

Word any can also be used to mean "any, everyone". In this case, it can be placed in affirmative sentence. For example:

Take any of these oranges. - Take any of these oranges.

Rule #4

Negation in which the word is usually used any, is not always formed using auxiliary verb. For this they can be used various words, carrying a negative meaning. For example:

She never does any housework - They never doesn't no housework.

Peter has read hardly any books in his life. – Peter hardly read how much books in my life.

Rule #5

The pronoun no can only be used in negation; more precisely, it itself makes the sentence negative. Since in English there can only be one negation in a sentence (we cannot say, as in Russian “I don’t know anything”), the sentence will be constructed as follows:

He has no problems. - He doesn't have no problems.

As you can see, the sentence has the same construction as the affirmative, but carries a negative meaning. This proposal can be formulated in another way:

He doesn't have any problems. - He doesn't have no problems.

The pronoun used here any, which, as you already know, is used in negatives.

Rule #6

Derivatives can be formed from all three pronouns. They appear in speech very often and you have probably already seen them too. For example, in song titles: “ Somebody that I used to know” by Gotye – “ Someone, whom I knew" or "Takes me nowhere” by the Offspring team – “ Nowhere will not lead me" (translation option - " No use won't lead me).
First, we need to understand how derivatives are formed.

Please note that derived words denoting people and things will fall under the category of pronouns, and those denoting place will fall under the category of adverbs (Adverbs). Words somebody/someone are synonymous, however someone is used somewhat more often. Words no one is sole pronoun in this group, which is written separately.
The rules of use here are similar to those stated above:

Statement:

Somebody has just entered the room. – Someone just entered the room.

Something strange happened last week. - Happened last week something strange.

I need somewhere to leave my personal belongings. - I need somewhere leave my personal belongings.

Negation:

I didn't see anybody in the library yesterday. - Yesterday I was in the library no one I haven't seen it.

I saw nobody in the library yesterday. - Yesterday I was in the library no one I haven't seen it.

Don't let anyone leave the class. - Don't let no one leave the class.

I can't see your glasses anywhere. - I nowhere I don't see your glasses.

Question:

Have you told anyone? - You said someone?

Do you have anything interesting to read? - Do you have anything interesting to read?

Derivatives of some can also be used in requests and sentences:

Would you like something to drink? - Do you want anything drink?

Can I have something to drink? - May I anything drink?

Also, derivatives of some can be used in questions if the speaker expects an affirmative answer:

Are you watching something on TV at the moment? - Are you looking now? something on TV?

Just like a word any, its derivatives can be used in the meanings " any, anyone, anything, anywhere."

It’s very easy – ask anybody! - It's very simple - just ask any!