Prince of Moscow, son of Grand Duke Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky and his wife, Princess Vassa, b. in 1261, died on March 5, 1303. Prince Daniel, the ancestor of the princes of Moscow, later the sovereigns and kings of “all Rus'” - the first culprit in strengthening the Moscow principality; he, as the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky, received an insignificant inheritance - the city of Moscow with the lands stretching towards it.
The original territory of the Moscow principality in the 13th century. can be determined with probability as follows: in the west, its border began at the confluence of p. Ruzy in the river Moscow, rose along the Ruza to the north-west, then turned sharply to the north-east along the watershed of the right tributaries of the Volga, the Lama and Dubna rivers, on the one hand, and the left tributaries of Moscow and Klyazma on the other; Having crossed the Sherna River, a tributary of the Klyazma, the border turned south, between the Gzhelka and Perskaya rivers it crossed Moscow and, reaching in the south the watershed of the right tributaries of Moscow and the left tributaries of the Oka, headed west along the watershed itself, abutting the Nara River (a tributary of the Oka) and , turning to the north, approached the mouth of the Ruza; therefore part of the Moscow Principalities XIII centuries included the current districts: Moscow, Zvenigorod, Ruz, southern part Dmitrovsky, Bogorodsky, Bronnitsky and Podolsky.
This small principality occupied an important strategic and, in part, trading position: it bordered on the principalities of Ryazan, Smolensk, Tver, Pereyaslavl and Vladimir; the most convenient routes from the southern and Western Rus' and the land of Ryazan into the land of Rostov-Suzdal; along the Oka, Moscow, its tributary Skhodna, Lama, Volga and Tvertsa there was a water trade route from southern Rus' to Novgorod.
The intelligent and energetic Prince Daniel understood the significance of his patrimony: being too young and (according to generic concepts) too weak to covet the Grand Duke's table, he joined the union of younger princes in order to weaken the power and importance of the Grand Duke; so, in 1282, he, in alliance with the brothers Andrei Gorodetsky and Svyatoslav Tver and the Novgorodians, acts against the Grand Duke Dimitri Alexandrovich; but when, in 1294, Andrei Alexandrovich Gorodetsky finally sat down on the grand-ducal table, then very soon dislike arose between him and his former allies; To end the hostility, the princes of northern Rus' gathered in Vladimir in 1296, and Prince. Daniel, together with Prince. Mikhail Tverskoy and Ivan Dimitrievich Pereyaslavsky, was against the Grand Duke; concluded in the presence Tatar ambassador, with the participation of the clergy, the reconciliation turned out to be short-lived; book Ivan Pereyaslavsky hurried to the Horde and led. The prince made an attempt to seize his patrimony, Pereyaslavl (Zalesskaya), but the princes of Tver and Moscow blocked his way.
Together defending their estates from the Grand Duke, junior princes actively worked to increase them. Book Daniel acted especially successfully in this regard: in 1301 he fought with Constantine, Prince of Ryazan, defeated him at Pereyaslavl (Ryazan) and took him prisoner; The consequence of this victory was probably the annexation of Kolomna and Serpukhov to Moscow. - The princes of Ryazan were ancient enemies of the princes of Vladimir, descendants of Vsevolod III; fighting with them and expanding his possessions at their expense, Prince. Daniel did not encounter opposition from his relatives - the princes; rather, on the contrary, he could count on their assistance.
In 1302, the old ally of the Moscow prince, Prince, died childless. Ivan Dimitrievich Pereyaslavsky: he bequeathed his patrimony, Pereyaslavl, to the prince. Daniel.
Although he led. book Andrei tried to capture Pereyaslavl again, but Prince. Daniil, relying on the sympathy of the Pereyaslavl people, managed to establish his power there; It is curious, however, that Pereyaslavl was not annexed to Moscow and was not subsequently considered a Moscow city (see spiritual Kalita): it remained among the cities of Vladimir.
The prince died. Daniel on March 5, 1303, having received tonsure and schema before his death. Modern chronicles have preserved for us little news about the book. Daniel.
In an era of weakening tribal relations, domination physical strength, book Daniil is a typical representative of a North Russian prince, looking after the interests of his family and patrimony; with undoubted political dexterity, he acts first with Andrei Gorodetsky against his elder brother, Dimitri, then with the son of this Dimitri against his former ally, - Prince. Andrey; book Konstantin of Ryazan was captivated by Daniel “by some cunning.” Without towering over moral level contemporaries, book. Daniel surpassed them in dexterity and intelligence: he handed over to his children the reign of Moscow, which was increased by at least twice as much as what he himself received from his father, and thus prepared the successes of his successors.
At the book Daniel left five sons: Yuri, Ivan (Kalita), Alexander, Afanasy and Boris. The prince was buried. Daniel in the wooden church of St. Michael, standing on the site of the current Archangel Cathedral.
Ivan the Terrible restored the Danilov Monastery, which had fallen into complete decline, the foundation of which is attributed to Prince. Daniel.
Chronicles: Lavrentievskaya Academic. list., Nikonovskaya, Voskresenskaya Sophia, etc. In the historical literature about the book. Much was written to Daniel: 1) in general works on Russian history, - Karamzin, Ist. State Ross., vol. IV, Soloviev, Ist. Ross. vol. III, ch. IV, Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Russ. East. vol. I, ch. VII, Ilovaisky, East. Ross., vol. I and-2) in works devoted to the initial history of the Moscow principality: Pogodin, “About Moscow” (Hist. - critical ref. I), Stankevich “On the reasons for the constant rise of Moscow (Uch. zap. Moscow . Univ. 1834) Vishnyakov: Oh exalted.
Moscow Prince and others. S. Seredonin. (Polovtsov)
First appanage prince Moskovsky, founder of the Moscow branch of the Rurik dynasty.
Daniil Alexandrovich was born in 1261. He was youngest son Grand Duke Vladimir from his second marriage.
After the death of his father in 1263, Daniil Alexandrovich received an inheritance which, due to its insignificance, previously did not have its own prince. In subsequent years, he was under the tutelage of his uncle, Prince of Tver Yaroslav Yaroslavich.
Russian chroniclers did not note the year in which Daniil Alexandrovich began his reign. The first information about him as an independent sovereign dates back to 1282, when, in alliance with the Novgorodians and the Tver prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich, the Moscow prince opposed his brother, the Grand Duke of Vladimir Dmitry Alexandrovich. Soon, however, the parties made peace.
In 1287, by order of the Grand Duke Daniil Alexandrovich, together with other princes, took part in a campaign against Mikhail Yaroslavich.
In 1296, at the princely congress, together with Mikhail Yaroslavich, he spoke in defense of his nephew of Pereyaslavl, Prince Ivan Dmitrievich, against the intention of Grand Duke Andrei Alexandrovich to take control. In the autumn of the same year, the Novgorodians expelled Andrei from their governors and invited Daniil Alexandrovich to reign, who sent his son Ivan (future) and entered into an alliance with Mikhail directed against Andrei. The allies approached with their troops and thereby forced the Grand Duke to make peace with them.
In 1298, the allies again defended themselves against the claims of Andrei Alexandrovich, but Daniil Alexandrovich was forced to cede the reign of Novgorod to him. At the congress of 1300-1301, Mikhail Yaroslavich broke away from the union of the three princes.
In the autumn of the same year, Daniil Alexandrovich annexed a number of other volosts to his possessions, then went to Pereyaslavl-Ryazan (now) and in the battle near this city captured the Ryazan prince Konstantin Romanovich.
In 1302, the childless Prince Ivan Dmitrievich died, and before his death he transferred the Principality of Pereslavl to Daniil Alexandrovich. Grand Duke Andrei Alexandrovich, who had long been encroaching on , sent his boyars and tiuns there, but Daniil Alexandrovich kicked them out of there and installed his governors, securing this possession as well.
Daniil Alexandrovich died on the night of March 4-5, 1303. Before his death, he took monastic vows and was buried in the Danilov Monastery he founded. In 1652 he was canonized by the Orthodox Church.
Prince Daniil of Moscow became the first “gatherer” of Russian lands: during the years of his reign, the territory of the Moscow principality more than doubled.
Danil Alexandrovich was born in 1261 in the city of Vladimir. He was the youngest son of Alexander Yaroslavovich Nevsky. At the age of two, he lost his father. His uncle, Prince of Tver Yaroslav Yaroslavich, became the boy's guardian.
After the death of his uncle in 1272, young Daniel inherited Principality of Moscow, small and meager compared to other estates. Started to lead active work within his principality: he put the system of trade duties in order, began active construction of churches and monasteries, which later played an important role in the defense of Moscow. By his order, the Great Horde Road was built, which made Moscow a crossroads of trade routes.
All his life, Daniil Alexandrovich pursued a peaceful policy. In 1282, together with the Tver prince, he took the side of his brother Andrei, who fought for the throne of the Grand Duke of Vladimir against another son of Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry. But through the mediation of Daniel, his brothers were reconciled without fighting. From 1283 he supported his brother Dmitry, who sat on the Vladimir throne.
In 1293, Andrei Gorodetsky led the army of the Golden Horde to the Russian lands under the command of the Khan’s commander Duden. Dudenev's army plundered and burned Moscow, but the prince shared his property with the people, which allowed the population to quickly rebuild the city. In 1294, after the death of Prince Dmitry, Daniil Alexandrovich spoke out against Andrei. Despite all the civil strife, in 1296 the princes at a meeting in Vladimir, with the assistance of church leaders, managed to agree on peace.
In 1300, the Principality of Moscow, led by Daniil, clashed with neighboring Ryazan. In 1301, Daniil Alexandrovich annexed the cities of Kolomna and Lopasnya to Moscow, together with other lands along the Moscow River, capturing the Ryazan prince Konstantin Romanovich. In 1302, being near death, Ivan Dmitrievich Pereyaslavsky bequeathed Pereyaslavl-Zelessky to Daniil.
Just before his death, Daniil Alexandrovich took monastic vows. Died March 5, 1303. He was buried in the Danilov Monastery. In 1652, the incorruptible relics of the saint were transferred to the Church of the Seven Ecumenical Councils, located in the Danilovsky Monastery. From 1917 to 1930 they were in the Trinity Cathedral. Then they were transferred to the Church of the Resurrection of the Word behind the southern wall of the monastery. The fate of the relics of Prince Daniel after the closure of the Church of the Resurrection of the Word remains unknown.
Memory of Daniil of Moscow
In 1791 he was canonized for local veneration as the holy noble prince Daniil of Moscow. Memorial Days: March 17 and September 12.
Since 1988 the Order was established Holy Blessed Prince Daniel of Moscow three degrees
In Nakhabino near Moscow, which is considered the historical center engineering troops Armed Forces Russian Federation, the temple of Daniel of Moscow, who is the patron saint of the engineering troops of the Russian Armed Forces, was built.
Family of Daniil of Moscow
Father - Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky Grand Duke of Kyiv and Vladimir
Mother Princess Alexandra (in some texts Paraskeva) Bryachislavna, after the death of her husband, the princess took monastic vows at the Vladimir Dormition Monastery under the name Vassa.
Wife Evdokia Alexandrovna
Yuri Daniilovich (d. 1325) - Prince of Moscow from 1303, Grand Duke of Vladimir in 1319-1322 (as Yuri III), Prince of Novgorod from 1322.
Mikhail Daniilovich - mentioned in the Rostov Cathedral Synodik.
Alexander Daniilovich (d. before 1320)
Boris Daniilovich (d. 1320) - Prince of Kostroma since 1304.
Ivan I Daniilovich Kalita (1288-1340/1341) - Prince of Moscow from 1325, Grand Duke of Vladimir from 1328, Prince of Novgorod in 1328-1337.
Simeon Daniilovich (d. after 1322)
Vasily Daniilovich - mentioned in the Rostov Cathedral Synodik.
Afanasy Daniilovich (d. 1322) - Prince of Novgorod in 1314-1315 and 1319-1322.
Daniil Daniilovich - mentioned in the Rostov Cathedral Synodik.
Anna Danilovna (d. before 1353) - known from the will of Simeon the Proud
Daniil Alexandrovich is the first Moscow appanage prince, the founder of the line of Rurikovichs, Moscow kings and princes.
Daniel was named after Saint Daniel the Stylite, whose feast day is celebrated on December 11th. In this regard, the prince was born sometime in November - December 1261, the year of birth is mentioned in the Laurentian Chronicle.
The Tver charter, dated 1408, tells about the education of little Daniel by Yaroslav Yaroslavich, the Tver prince and brother. She also talks about the management of the tiuns of Prince Yaroslav for 7 years, while he occupied the grand-ducal chair in: from 1264 to 1271 until his death.
Daniil Moskovsky participated in the struggle between his brothers - Dmitry Pereyaslavsky and Andrei Gorodetsky. This struggle was fought for the Grand Duchy. The inevitably involved Prince Daniil Alexandrovich himself showed himself to be very peaceful.
In 1282, he united the Moscow troops with the troops of Andrei, together with the Tver prince Svyatoslav Yaroslavich. Peace was concluded without bloodshed. Since 1283, Daniil Alexandrovich of Moscow was on the side of Prince Dmitry.
Moscow was taken by the Tatar prince Tudan in 1293. And in 1294, after the death of Prince Dmitry, Prince Daniil of Moscow headed the famous Moscow-Pereyaslav-Tver alliance, which opposed Prince Andrei. But after Andrei became the Grand Duke of Vladimir, disagreements between the Russian princes opened again in 1296.
Here Daniil Alexandrovich together with Prince of Tver Mikhail negotiated, after which the brothers again made peace. Daniil of Moscow in 1301 took part in the Dmitrov Congress of Russian princes.
Prince Daniil Alexandrovich
The prince's wife was Ovdotya, originally from. She was closely related to the princess, the wife of Boris Vasilkovich. The sons of Prince Daniil Alexandrovich: Yuri Daniilovich, Alexander Daniilovich, Afanasy Daniilovich and Boris Daniilovich.
Prince Daniel founded a monastery in Moscow, built on the site of a wooden church in the name of St. Daniel the Stylite. This temple was the beginning. There are two versions about the burial place of the Prince of Moscow. The first says that Daniel was buried in the Archangel Cathedral (Moscow Kremlin).
N.M. Karamzin at one time made an extract about the death of the prince from the Trinity Chronicle that burned in 1812. This extract read: it was laid out in the church of St. Mikhail in Moscow. The second version is set out in the Book of Degrees, which states that Daniil Alexandrovich of Moscow was buried nearby in the fraternal cemetery.
The Russian people recalled the righteous life of the prince with great gratitude. And therefore, already in 1791 he was canonized in the Russian Orthodox Church for veneration as the holy noble prince Daniel of Moscow.
Daniel. This prince, who remained a child after the death of his father (1263), initially fought (1283) in alliance with other princes against his older brother, Dmitry Alexandrovich, who had established himself on the great Vladimir table. Then Daniel, together with Dmitry’s son, Ivan, and Mikhail Tverskoy, fought against his other brother, Andrei Gorodetsky (1296). During the life of his uncles and older brothers, Daniel could not have legal claims to the great reign of Vladimir, and he never owned it. But Daniel used all his energy to increase his own Moscow inheritance. He made two important ideas for it - Kolomna and Pereyaslavl-Zalessky.
Even before Suzdal princes they sought to cut off from the Ryazan region its border city of Kolomna, which, due to its position on the left side of the Oka, pulled more towards the Suzdal land. Kolomna also blocked the mouth of the Moscow River. Daniel took advantage of the princely strife in Ryazan, started a war with the Ryazan prince Konstantin Romanovich, captured Kolomna, defeated the enemy near the capital Pereyaslavl of Ryazan and, by some cunning, took him prisoner (1301). At the same time, the main North Russian princes were quite concerned about the question of who would inherit Pereyaslavl-Zalessky after the death of its prince, the sick, childless Ivan Dmitrievich (Nevsky’s grandson). Both his uncles Andrei and Daniil and his cousin Mikhail Tverskoy sought this inheritance. But Daniil Alexandrovich of Moscow managed to attract his nephew to his side and, after his death (1302), spiritual testament, inherited Pereyaslavl with a very significant volost for that time.
Despite the Tatar devastation (especially during the invasion of Duden in 1293), Moscow after the reign of Daniil Alexandrovich was a relatively prosperous and strong city. A monument to this prince, by the way, is the Danilov Monastery he founded across the Moscow River. Daniil Alexandrovich died in 1304 (according to another report in 1303), at the age of just over forty years, and was buried in the same Danilov Monastery.
Monument to Prince Daniil Alexandrovich in Moscow
Prince Daniel left five sons. The eldest of them, Yuri Danilovich, was sitting in Pereyaslavl-Zalessky when the news of his father’s death arrived. At this news, the Pereyaslav residents did not allow Yuri to go to Moscow for his father’s burial, probably fearing capture by Mikhail Tverskoy or Andrei Gorodetsky. Or maybe the residents of the old city wanted the princely table to be established in it, and not in Moscow. But Yuri Danilovich took the Moscow table, and Pereyaslavl handed it over to the brother next to him.
