What can be achieved by mastering the art of oratory. Oratory: rhetoric lessons

Natural eloquence

Manifestations of natural oratorical ability are often found in everyday life. Let's imagine a situation: one man walking on the road, not seeing the danger threatening him, and the other, raising his voice, warns him about it. Another example. One person falls into the water, and another raises a cry for those around him to come to the rescue. Examples of natural eloquence can be found in villages, where people communicate loudly and emotionally, almost shouting to each other (“across the street”), or in the market, where everyone communicates something about their product. Such manifestations of eloquence do not require special preparation. The voice in such cases rises naturally, under the influence of feelings and appropriate circumstances.

Oratory

There are situations when a person needs to say something beautifully and convincingly, but the necessary emotions are in at the moment No. This requires special self-management skills, which can be acquired in the process of learning public speaking in public speaking schools or in special trainings. Oratorical eloquence special kind art, originated in ancient Greece. No other ancient culture- neither Egyptian, nor Akkadian, nor Chinese, nor Indian - do not pay such attention close attention oratory, like Greek, and do not provide high examples of the substantive and stylistic perfection of dialectics and art spoken word. Oratory teaches how to make an ordinary speech into an oratorical one. The traditions of modern oratory go back to the ancient rhetoric of Ancient Greece and Rome.

Properties of oratory speech

Notes

Literature

Kornilova E. N. Rhetoric is the art of persuasion. M.: URAO, 1998. - 208 p. - ISBN 5-204-00146-8
Averky (Taushev). A Guide to Homiletics. - M.: PSTGi, 2001. - 143 p. - ISBN 5-7429-0110-0
Soper P. L. Fundamentals of the art of speech. - M.: Phoenix, 2006. - 448 p. - ISBN 5-222-07060-3
Shakhijanyan V.V. Learning to speak publicly

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Synonyms:

Olympic (football club, Baku)
African Theater of World War II

See what “Oratory” is in other dictionaries:

ORATORY- (from the word speaker). The art of eloquence, oratory. Dictionary foreign words, included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. ORATORY the art of speaking in public with all the techniques that enhance the impression of words and... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

oratory- eloquence, oratorical talent, gift of speech, gift of speech, eloquence, eloquence Dictionary of Russian synonyms. oratory noun, number of synonyms: 8 gift of speech (6) ... Dictionary of synonyms

Oratory- see Rhetoric. Literary encyclopedia: Dictionary literary terms: In 2 volumes / Edited by N. Brodsky, A. Lavretsky, E. Lunin, V. Lvov Rogachevsky, M. Rozanov, V. Cheshikhin Vetrinsky. M.; L.: Publishing house L. D. Frenkel, 1925 ... Literary encyclopedia

Oratory- ORATORICAL ART see Rhetoric ... Dictionary of literary terms

Oratory- or the art of eloquence - the ability to speak coherently, logically and artistically in order to attract attention, and at the same time sympathy of listeners to some matter. Even in ancient times, the vocation of an orator was considered to teach, please and touch (dicet,... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron

Art- * Author * Library * Newspaper * Painting * Book * Literature * Fashion * Music * Poetry * Prose * Public * Dance * Theater * Fantasy Art Art is Eve giving the young artist an apple. Who tastes... Consolidated encyclopedia of aphorisms

ART- a form of culture associated with the subject’s ability to be aesthetic. mastering the life world, its reproduction in a figuratively symbolic way. key when relying on creative resources. imagination. Aesthetic attitude to the world is the premise of the artist. activities in... ... Encyclopedia of Cultural Studies

art- Creative artistic activity. Limitless, idealess, sterile, pointless, meaningless, brilliant, combative, eternal, militant, exciting, magical, free (obsolete), lofty, humanistic, humanitarian (obsolete), ... ... Dictionary of epithets

The ability to speak convincingly and work with an audience of listeners is important for everyone today. Even those who do not have to speak at conferences every day still need to present themselves correctly - getting a job depends on this, wages, promotion by career ladder. No matter how in-demand a specialist you are, it is important that you and your ideas are heard.

Two ways to improve your speaking skills:

take a rhetoric course or oratory skills;
engage in self-study.

The main advantage of the courses is real possibility speak in front of an audience of listeners. However, the courses also have disadvantages - due to the fact that there are many people in the group, the teacher does not devote sufficient time everyone. Thus, there is no personalized approach, which is so important when working on psychological and speech problems people who prevent them from speaking correctly and freely.

In the case of self-study, the advantages are obvious - you can try different methods, spend as much time as needed on doing exercises and consolidating certain skills, you can study according to a convenient schedule, etc. Oratory lessons do not necessarily have to be supervised by a teacher: today You can find a variety of video lessons on the Internet, tutorials for beginners, as well as many tips.

Mistakes of Beginner Speakers

Those who are just starting to learn make the same mistakes. These include:

Training can take place in different ways. With the advent of the Internet in every home, video lessons have become very popular. In fact, they are no different from listening to a lecture at a seminar or training to improve your rhetoric - except that you cannot ask the teacher a question.

Videos can be free or paid. Free ones can be freely found, viewed and downloaded online. They provide information regarding rhetoric, examine the most famous exercises to improve it. Paid lessons can be found on the websites of rhetoric teachers or by contacting them personally.

Popular exercises for developing public speaking skills include:

exercises in front of the mirror;
exercises with a voice recorder;
self-training performances using given reference points.

In the first case, you can observe yourself during a speech or monologue. Looking at ourselves in the mirror, everyone will notice the excitement and fuss that we ourselves do not notice, but which are visible to those who listen to a public speech. It is also effective to record a speech on video - the effect of the exercise will be similar to the exercise with a mirror, and the speaker will not be constantly distracted by the reflection in the mirror.

You can find “pivot points” yourself on the Internet or in a book, or you can get them from a video in which the teacher talks about them. Knowing the “outline” of a monologue, it’s easy to compose a speech. However, over time, the task will need to become more complex and improvisation training will be required.

Video lessons on the Internet also talk about other techniques that can be used to become an experienced speaker. The path to this will take some time, however, the result is worth it - you can speak at conferences and meetings before strangers, communicate with colleagues, partners and loved ones without embarrassment, anxiety, instantly formulating thoughts and being able to achieve the desired reaction on them.

Teaching public speaking is important at every age, for young and experienced professionals, and for a variety of activities. The time it takes to train will pay dividends for years to come. In addition, even if you know how to speak in public, it is worth periodically expanding your knowledge and abilities in the field of rhetoric - this will help in business, in school, and in personal relationships.

The appearance of the head of the company, his leadership qualities and sales skills determine the success of the enterprise. PR specialists who write speeches for managers and think through them know this. appearance, learn to speak in public and place accents correctly. However, even the best PR specialist cannot independently make ordinary person bright personality, the hero of public speeches.

Book by James Humes - famous writer, former speechwriter for five American presidents- reveals some secrets of oratory and creating charisma. Having mastered the techniques offered by the author, you will gain confidence and learn how to easily and successfully cope with public speaking.

1. Pause

Where should any start? successful performance? The answer is simple: from a pause. No matter what kind of speech you give: a detailed presentation of several minutes or a short introduction of the next speaker, you must achieve silence in the room. Once on the podium, look around the audience and fix your gaze on one of the listeners. Then mentally say the first sentence to yourself and, after an expressive pause, begin speaking.

2. First phrase

All successful speakers give great value the first sentence of the speech. It must be powerful and definitely evoke a positive response from the audience.

The first phrase is, in TV terminology, the “prime time” of your speech. At this moment, the audience is at its maximum size: every person in the room wants to look at you and find out what kind of bird you are. In just a few seconds, the screening of listeners can begin: someone will continue the conversation with a neighbor, someone will bury their head in the phone, and someone will even fall asleep. However, everyone without exception will listen to the first phrase.

3. Bright start

If you don’t have a bright, suitable aphorism that can attract everyone’s attention, start with a story from your life. If you have important fact or news unknown to listeners, start immediately with it (“Yesterday at 10 o’clock in the morning...”). In order for the audience to perceive you as a leader, you need to immediately take the bull by the horns: choose a strong beginning.

4. Main idea

Before you even sit down to write your speech, you must define it main idea. This key point The message that you want to convey to the audience must be concise, capacious, and “fit in a matchbox.”

Stop, look and make a plan: first, highlight the key ideas, and then you can supplement and explain them with real-life examples or quotes.

As Churchill said, good speech is like a symphony: it can be performed in three different tempo, but it should maintain the main melody.

5. Quotes

There are several rules, the observance of which will give strength to the citation. First, the quote should be close to you. Never cite statements from an author who is unfamiliar to you, uninteresting, or whom you do not like to quote. Secondly, the name of the author should be known to listeners, and the quote itself should be short.

You must also learn how to create an environment for quoting. Many successful speakers use similar techniques: before quoting, they pause and put on their glasses, or with a serious look they read a quote from a card or, for example, a sheet of newspaper.

If you want to make a special impression with a quote, write it down on a small card, take it out of your wallet during your speech, and read the statement.

6. Wit

Surely you have been advised many times to add a joke or anecdote to your presentation. There is some truth in this advice, but do not forget that a joke for the sake of a joke only insults the listener.

There is no need to start your speech with an anecdote that is not related to the situation (“It seems that it is customary to start a speech with an anecdote, so here it is. Somehow a man comes to see a psychiatrist...”). It’s better to quietly go to your funny story in the middle of a speech to defuse the situation.

7. Reading

Reading a speech from a sheet of paper with your eyes downcast does not, to put it mildly, excite the audience. What should we do then? Is it really necessary to memorize a half-hour long speech? Not at all. You need to learn to read correctly.

The first rule of reading a speech: never say words while your eyes are looking at the paper.

Use the SOS technique: look - stop - say.

For training, take any text. Lower your eyes and take a mental picture of a few words. Then raise your head and stop. Then, looking at any object at the other end of the room, tell what you remember. And so on: look at the text, stop, speak.

8. Speaker techniques

It is known that Churchill recorded his speeches like poetry, dividing them into separate phrases and writing each on a separate line. To make your speech sound even more convincing, use this technique.

Use rhyme and internal consonance in a phrase to give the sound of your speech poetic impact (for example, Churchill's phrase “We must follow the principles of HUMANISM, not bureaucracy”).

It’s very easy to come up with rhymes, just remember the most common ones: -na (war, silence, needed), -ta (darkness, emptiness, dream), -ch (sword, speech, flow, meetings), -oses / wasps (roses , threats, tears, questions), -anie, -yes, -on, -tion, -ism and so on. Practice these simple rhymes to create sonorous phrases.

But remember: the rhymed phrase should be one for the entire speech; you do not need to turn your speech into a poem.

And so that the rhyme does not go to waste, express the key idea of the speech in this phrase.

9. Questions and pauses

Many speakers use questions to connect with the audience. Don't forget one rule: never ask a question if you don't know the answer. Only by predicting the audience's reaction can you prepare and get the most out of the question.

10. Final

Even if your speech was inexpressive, a successful ending can fix everything. To make an impression in the finale, tune in, call on your emotions to help: pride, hope, love and others. Try to convey these feelings to your listeners the way great speakers of the past did.

Never end your speech on a minor note, as this will simply destroy your career. Use uplifting quotes, poems or jokes.

Oratory is one of the most valuable skills that helps you convey your position beautifully and competently. to a wide circle listeners. Few people have the innate ability to perform such performances. Those who have mastered the secrets of public speaking have every chance become interesting personality and achieve stunning success in almost any field, be it business, politics, art, etc.

A real speaker must have a number of qualities that make him an ace public speaking. Firstly, he needs to be erudite and well-read in order to right moment pick up the right words to formulate your thoughts. Secondly, the speaker’s speech must be literate and clear, understandable target audience listeners. Thirdly, a professional must control his anxiety and remain calm during the presentation process.

GENERAL CRITERIA THAT A SKILLED ORATOR MUST MEET

First of all, you need to have clear pronunciation and a well-trained voice, since they are the key to beautiful and intelligible speech. This can be achieved by correctly pronouncing consonants and clear vowels. To make your speech enjoyable for you and your listeners, practice voice development exercises.

In addition, to ensure that slang doesn't accidentally slip into your speech, you should eliminate many low-grade slang words from your vocabulary.

Make sure your voice is smooth as it builds favor with your listeners. The tempo and volume should be chosen based on the location and number of listeners. Loud and slow speech ideal for large audiences. Also watch your intonation.

In order to be listened to, you need to have a good understanding of the topic being reported and talk about it in the context of the issues that interest your viewers. If you structure your speech as a dialogue with the audience, you will have interested people looking at you from the audience.

During a presentation, always talk only about the main thing, omitting unnecessary unnecessary facts of a secondary order.

Remember that a good speaker must maintain neutrality regarding various controversial issues. Be a diplomat, not an aggressor - sometimes it's better to remain silent.

If suddenly, speaking in front of the public, you were included in the discussion, then you need to be as objective as possible. When conducting a public dialogue, you may encounter opinions that contradict yours. Don't try to argue, just accept the human right to own position. The goal of any discussion should be to reconcile several parties.

Remember that during the dialogue you need to behave correctly and balanced. Don't give in to your emotions. The art of oratory lies in the harmony of calm and confidence.

Try to speak to the point, since avoiding specific statements and the main topic will irritate both opponents and observers. On the contrary, clear and clear thoughts will help convince a person to believe to you and what you say.

Start speaking only after you are sure that your colleague has finished his thought. Ability to listen to your interlocutor- a very valuable quality.

assumes that the speaker has some personal qualities. These include calmness and inner composure, penchant for self-development, good memory and imagination. In addition, it will not be superfluous and insight. Also, do not forget about eloquence, since the ability to formulate your thoughts in an attractive form is a great gift. Confidence is an important component good speaker, because this quality infects the audience, and it begins to subconsciously trust every word of the speaker. Communication skills will help you find the “key” to any listener or interlocutor, so try in every possible way to develop this skill.

Watch your body. Smooth movements will work to your advantage. Good posture will make you stand out better light. There is no need to slouch, or vice versa, to lie back on the chair. Remember that all eyes are on you, so stay focused.

When you speak, always look at the person you are speaking to. Oratorical speech must exclude any negligence. Try to ensure that your facial expression matches what you are saying, otherwise you may be caught in insincerity.

The basics of public speaking are that during a speech you are promoting one main idea, and all your statements and remarks should be aimed at or leading up to it. Try to remove from your consciousness all thoughts that are not related to the main goal. If you organize the information you want to convey in your head, then your speech will be as logical and consistent as possible. Always try to keep in front of your eyes what you want to say. Remember, the more interest you show in the subject of discussion, the better your speech will be.

It should also be noted that constructive criticism - This is an integral attribute of any dialogue with an opponent or the public. If you are accused of something, take it calmly and confidently promote your idea. It is better to criticize opponents carefully and condescendingly. This is how you show your positive attitude , and you won’t look like an enemy in the eyes of your interlocutor.

KEY ASPECTS OF WORKING WITH THE AUDIENCE

Firstly, you need to take into account that listeners are divided according to many criteria: gender, age, education, etc. Therefore, you should consider with whom and what you are going to talk about, otherwise you may encounter indifference or, even worse, aggression.

Secondly, public speaking involves the ability to win the attention of the public, so before your speech, try to think as much as possible about what will be interesting for your audience to hear.

Thirdly, the speaker must perfectly understand what the audience wants from him and give it to them. Understanding the needs of each individual listener will make the presentation engaging.

Fourth, the art of public speaking is based on a positive attitude towards people, even if the purpose of the speech is to criticize.

Remember that a positive person will evoke the same feelings in the audience, which means that the speaker will be able to achieve without any problems during the speech. set goals.

THE MOST TYPICAL MISTAKES THAT MANY WORD MASTERS MAKE

Very often, when speaking in front of an audience, people build too much complex sentences and use long words. Firstly, it can confuse the speaker himself, and secondly, it confuses the listeners. So it is better to avoid this format of speech construction.

In addition, novice speakers often make the mistake of using impersonal offers. This format of communication with the audience can cause mistrust, so use more definite personal pronouns.

One should not be indecisive. Make more affirmations and be self-sufficient.

Evaluate your audience correctly and don't use slang expressions that your listeners may not understand. Think through every sentence, every thesis, every joke, etc.

Find the perfect balance between affirmative and interrogative sentences. Dilute your speech with soft inserts like “also”, “among other things”, etc.

Moreover, very often inept speakers fail without knowing how to ask questions audience. Remember that if you want to bring your listeners into an active dialogue, then only open-ended questions will help you with this.

And finally, never take your eyes off the audience. Support eye contact, and then your speech will be more vivid and convincing.

P.S. Find out how to make your speech expressive - " Means of expressive speech», « Articulation development», « Exercises to develop diction».

Hello, dear reader! Let’s meet, my name is Oleg Bolsunov.

I am a public speaking coach. This is a job and a hobby. More about me

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Is it easy to learn public speaking?

Enrollment in my Public Speaking courses different people. Both confident people and insecure people. But after a while they are already good speakers.

And one hundred percent.

That's why I know that learning public speaking is easy. Any person with any data.

Don’t believe those people who tell you that learning rhetoric is difficult.

It is as difficult and at the same time easy as learning to ride a bike, swim or cook in the kitchen.
For a long time I believed my friends that only a select few succeed in learning to play the guitar. Until I was 18 I believed. And then I bought a guitar and within a month I was playing quite well. After another half a year, I was one of the best in my dorm.

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By purchasing along the way and charisma and confidence…

Need data. But others. At least light feeling self-love and a little self-discipline.

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About teaching public speaking

The famous proverb says that you can lead a donkey to water, but no devil can force him to drink.

No matter who teaches us, no matter how he teaches us, we learn ourselves. And depending on how much knowledge we need, we learn.

There are two main elements in any training: theory And practice.

They will be discussed in more detail at the end of this article.

Without theories It is possible to learn, but it is difficult. Theory helps to quickly master knowledge and quickly master practice. Without practices learning is even more difficult. Knowledge without practices- Just rumors, which are gradually are forgotten. Alternately receiving knowledge and securing them in practice, we learn any skill.

Later, when the skill is learned, we do not remember the knowledge and do not control our actions - we just do it.

Public speaking is not a simple skill.

He demands practical exercises related to speaking in front of other people.

You can do exercises by yourself, in front of the mirror.
Possible - before video camera.

But in this case, it is useful to periodically find practice in speaking, at work, at meetings, at parties.

One way to organize practice is to gather a group of friends who are also interested in mastering public speaking and learning together.

This happens often. Friends or colleagues who might be interested are interviewed. Those interested are usually found. And after the first meeting, rumors about cool leisure lead unfamiliar people. This brings so much pleasure that other entertainments are put aside.

You can study together with a friend. And, alternately, be a demanding teacher and a talented student.

It is very welcome to gather family evenings and do exercises with your family.

This is not only an interesting and useful family leisure activity, but also strengthens trust and understanding between all participants in family performances.

But if you still study on your own, that’s also good.

So where should you start?