The results of the invasion of the Persian troops school curriculum. Invasion of Persian troops in Hellas

State educational institution of the LPR "Seleznevskaya school No. 18"

OPEN LESSON

BY HISTORY

« INVASION OF PERSIAN TROOPS ON HELLAS"

(5th grade)

Prepared by: Sklyarova Oksana Sergeevna

history teacher

Seleznevskaya school No. 18

2016

Lesson "Invasion" Persian troops to Hellas."

Target : Complete the study of the history of heroic struggle Greek city-states with the Persian power, show the heroic struggle of the Greek city-states with the Persian power using an example Battle of Thermopylae and the Battle of Salamis, continue to develop the skills to correctly show historical objects on a map, read map diagrams, and compose a story.

Equipment: Textbook by A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitskaya "History" ancient world» § 35. table Battle of Salamis, fragment of the film “Battle of Salamis”

Progress of the lesson.

Organizational moment .

II. Updating knowledge students on the topic “Victory of the Greeks over the Greeks in the Battle of Marathon”:

1.Why in the beginningVV. BC Darius the First decided to conquer Hellas?(since the Persian nobility sought new conquests, new lands, wealth.)

2. How did many Greek city policies act when the ambassadors of Darius the First arrived?Many Greek city-states immediately submitted to the troops of Darius.

3. How did the Greeks behave when the Persian ambassadors came to them?

(The Athenians threw the ambassadors off a cliff, the Spartans threw them into a well.)

4.Which cities did the Athenians turn to for help? (The Athenians turned to Sparta and Plataea for help).

5.How did the inhabitants of Sparta behave? The Spartans promised to help later

6.Who was appointed to the position of strategist by the People's Assembly in Athens?The Athenians chose Miltiades, who knew military affairs well, to the position of strategist.

7.What help did the residents of the city of Plataea provide?Only the inhabitants of the city of Plataea sent a thousand soldiers.

8.What was the name of the Greek battle formation before the battle?. They formed a phalanx and fought like mad.

9.When did the Battle of Marathon take place? (The Battle of Marathon took place in 490 BC).

10. How did it end? (The Battle of Marathon ended in victory for the Greeks)

11.What was the significance of the Greek victory at Marathon? (The Greeks defeated the Persians for the first time, and the Persians were no longer considered invincible).

12.What reminds us of the Battle of Marathon these days? (Marathon running, 42 km 195 m)

Preparing for a review and generalization lesson .

Now we will play the game “Who is first?” I ask questions, and whoever answers the question first and correctly receives a picture of a kolobok with a smile.

What does the word polis mean? (A small independent state in Greece).

Who are called helots? (Slaves in Sparta).

What is democracy? (Power of the people).

What does the word Areopagus mean? (Council of Nobles in Athens).

Who were called citizens? (Free Athenians).

Working with the map.

You know and this is not new:

The map is an important foundation.

Battles, actions and countries

You will be shown tirelessly.

If you have a desire,

Let's get started. All attention.

Show the territory on the map Ancient Greece and its parts. Name them. (Northern, Central, Southern Greece).

Which peninsula is considered Southern Greece? (Peloponnese Peninsula).

Where is the city of Athens? (In Attica).

Where is Sparta? (In Southern Greece, Lakonica region).

Where did the Greeks first defeat the Persians? (In Marathon).

Teacher's summary.

So, we got acquainted with the Battle of Marathon. We learned that thanks to their courage, bravery, and willpower, the Greeks defeated the Persians.

But do you think it was possible to exclude the danger of a new enemy attack?

Of course not. Since the Greeks had money, ships, goods, the Aegean Sea was brisk trade, and the Greeks themselves could be turned into subjects of the “king of kings.”

Therefore, Today we will get acquainted with new events from the Greco-Persian troops.

and the topic of the lessonInvasion of Persian troops in Hellas"

Problem task for students:

IV . Introduction to the topic.

Plan:

Preparing the Hellenes for a new war.

Battle in Thermopylae Gorge.

Battle of Salamis.

1. The Athenians were proud of their victory in the Battle of Marathon. But there were new battles with the Persians ahead. Only a few understood this, and among them was Themistocles, the leader of the demos.( Pay attention to fig. us. 165 below). Under his leadership, the Greeks began to prepare for war with the Persians. Themistocles spoke at the national assembly and convinced everyone that the backbone of democracy was the fleet. The Athenians listened to his opinion and short term built 200 triremes. On such a ship there were 180 oarsmen from the Athenian poor.

Themistocles also convinced the Greeks that they needed to unite to fight the Persians. 30 Greek states created an alliance to defend against the Persians. And so in 480. BC Darius' son Xerxes led his troops to Hellas. A narrow strait separated Europe from Asia. Here Xerxes ordered the construction of a bridge, but a storm arose and the bridge was destroyed. In anger, Xerxes ordered the heads of the bridge builders to be cut off and the sea to be whipped. Other craftsmen built new bridge. The Persians crossed the new bridge for seven days to the opposite bank. The teacher talks about the Persian crossing of the Hellespont,( Students work with a map ).

(see map) A serious clash with the enemy occurred among the Greeks in the Thermopylae Pass, which separated Northern Greece from Central Greece.(Independent reading by students of the section “Battle in the Thermopylae Gorge” pp. 166-167)

Who led the Greek army that blocked the Persians' path to Thermopylae Gorge? (Tsar Leonidas)

On whose side - the Greeks or the Persians - was there military superiority? quality?

What was the feat of the 300 Spartans?

What are the results of this battle?

Children's answers: A huge Persian army invaded the territory of Northern Greece. A serious clash with the enemy occurred among the Greeks in the Thermopylae Pass, which separated Northern Greece from Central Greece. The united Greek army was led by the Spartan king Leonidas. The Greeks occupied the Thermopylae Gorge and blocked the Persians' path. Xerxes sent the main forces of the Persian army into a frontal attack, but the Greeks did not retreat. The Persians suffered big losses. Xerxes jumped up from his throne three times in fear for his army. All Persian attempts to capture the Thermopylae Gorge ended in failure. On the third day he came to Xerxes local resident and for a reward he showed me a detour. Xerxes was delighted and sent his soldiers to the rear of the Greek defenders of Thermopylae. The Hellenes noticed the marching enemy detachment. King Leonidas ordered everyone to retreat, and he himself, along with 300 Spartans, remained to cover the retreat of the Greek troops. 300 Spartans showed courage and heroism in the battle with the Persians. The Spartans fought with King Leonidas until everyone died.

Teacher: The feat of three hundred Spartans saved the Greek army from defeat, but could not save the country from ruin.

The Spartans ordered the withdrawal of troops to the Isthmus of Corinth, separating Central Greece from the Peloponnese. Here, from sea to sea, they began to build a defensive wall.

Attica was given to the Persians without a fight. The Persian cavalry trampled barley and wheat fields, warriors cut down olive trees and vineyards, and burned villages. Themistocles, in this terrible hour for his homeland, told the Athenians: “The entire adult population must board warships. And women, old people and children must be transported to the island of Salamis under the protection of the navy. The outcome of the war will be decided in a naval battle." (See map)

The Athenians did as Themistocles advised.

When the Persians entered Athens, the city was empty. By order of Xerxes, Athens was set on fire and its temples were destroyed. The Persian warships anchored in a bay near Athens.

Nearby, in the narrow strait between Salamis and Attica, there was a Greek fleet of about 400 ships. From here one could see how the most beautiful of the cities of Hellas was burning.

And so, on the deck of one of the triremes, a military council took place. The commander of the combined army was a Spartan, he stated that he was ordering to sail to the Isthmus of Corinth to protect southern Greece. Themistocles began to object to the commander, urging him to fight in the Strait of Salamis.

Read the text on page 167 below, “The Mistocles’ Cunning the Day Before Battle of Salamis."

Now let’s look at an excerpt from the film “The Battle of Salamis”

Thus ended the Battle of Salamis. Xerxes, leaving part of his army, left Greece. In 479 BC. near the city of Plataea, the remaining Persian army was defeated. The Battle of Salamis became decisive during the Greco-Persian Wars. The Greeks, in a difficult struggle, defended their independence and saved their homeland from the enemy.

Was Themistocles right? How did his talent as a strategist manifest itself?
and the speaker? With what legendary hero we can compare Themistocles and for his cunning? (WITH Odysseus).

V . Reinforcing what has been learned in the lesson.

At least a little tired,

Shown the power of knowledge

Well, one more step

We'll reinforce the lesson.

1. Guys, what battles during the Greco-Persian wars did we talk about today? (About the Battle of Thermopylae Gorge and the Battle of Salamis).

Now let's fill out the table and find out in which battles did the Greeks defeat the Persians?

Filling out the table “Greco-Persian Wars”

Date

Battle

Battle results

490g. BC

Marathon Battle

Greek victory

480g. BC

Battle in Thermopylae Gorge

Persian victory

480g. BC

Battle of Salamis

Greek victory

The Greeks defended their independence in a difficult and lengthy struggle.

IX . Examination problem task, reflection.

Why did Greece, such a small country, manage to defeat such a huge power as Persia?

How do you think,

VI . Lesson summary.

Grading.

Homework: P. 35 of the textbook, learn the terms.

Write a story on behalf of a Greek about any battle (optional).

Back Forward

Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the features of the presentation. If you are interested this work, please download the full version.

Target setting:

Show the heroic struggle of the Greek city-states with the power of the Persians using the example of the Battle of Thermopylae and the Battle of Salamis.
Continue to develop students’ skills in correctly showing historical objects on a map, writing a story, and completing tasks individually and in a group.
To cultivate feelings of patriotism, interest in the personalities of Themistocles and Leonidas, love and interest in the subject of history.

Lesson type: Combined (consolidating what has been learned and learning new material).

Learning Tools: Textbook by A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitskaya “History of the Ancient World” paragraph 35 pp. 158-163, map “Ancient Greece (until the middle of the 5th century BC)”, disk “History” 5th grade, cards with tasks, posters with the name of the lesson topic, new in words, table “Greco-Persian Wars”, crossword puzzle, book “When, where, how and why this happened” p. 42, projector, screen. .

Vocabulary work: Themistocles, Thermopylae Passage, trireme, o. Salamis, Xerxes, Isthmus of Corinth.

Lesson progress

I. Organizational moment.

Hello guys!

Sit down.

II. Survey homework.

Guys, we will now consolidate our previously acquired knowledge on the topic “Ancient Greece” and remember the Battle of Marathon.

Questions:

When did the Battle of Marathon take place? (The Battle of Marathon took place in 490 BC).
Who took part in the Battle of Marathon? (Greeks and Persians took part in the Battle of Marathon).
How did the Greeks behave when the Persian ambassadors came to them? (The Athenians threw the ambassadors off a cliff, the Spartans threw them into a well.)
Which cities did the Athenians turn to for help? (The Athenians turned to Sparta and Plataea for help).
What was the response from these cities? (The Spartans promised to help later; a detachment of warriors arrived from the city of Plataea).
How did the Greek troops line up? (The Greek troops formed a phalanx in close, serried ranks).
How did the Greeks fight? (The Greeks fought courageously, heroically, and in an organized manner).
How did the Battle of Marathon end? (The Battle of Marathon ended in victory for the Greeks)
What was the significance of the Greek victory at Marathon? (The Greeks defeated the Persians for the first time, and the Persians were no longer considered invincible).

III. Preparing for a repeated generalization lesson.

Now we will play the game “Who is first?” I ask questions, and whoever answers the question first and correctly receives a picture of a kolobok with a smile.

What does the word polis mean? (A small independent state in Greece).
Who are called helots? (Slaves in Sparta).
What is democracy? (Power of the people).
What does the word Areopagus mean? (Council of Nobles in Athens).
Who were called citizens? (Free Athenians).
Who is the author of the poems “Iliad” and “Odyssey”? (Homer).

Working with the map.

You know and this is not new:
The map is an important foundation.
Battles, actions and countries
You will be shown tirelessly.
If you have a desire,
Let's get started. All attention.

Show on the map the territory of Ancient Greece and its parts. Name them. (Northern, Central, Southern Greece).
Which peninsula is considered Southern Greece? (Peloponnese Peninsula).
Where is the city of Athens? (In Attica).
Where is Sparta? (In Southern Greece, Lakonica region).
Where did the Greeks first defeat the Persians? (In Marathon).

Now we will solve the crossword puzzle.

Guys, if you correctly solve the crossword puzzle in the highlighted vertical column, you will read the second name of Ancient Greece. (Hellas).

Horizontal:

That's what the Greeks called themselves. (Hellenes).
One of Homer's poems. (Iliad).
In 594 BC. he was elected archon. (Solon).
Region in Central Greece. (Attica).
Common people in Greece. (Demos).
Homeland of Odysseus. (Ithaca).

Vertical:

Second name for Greece. (Hellas).

IV. Transition to studying a new topic.

Guys, we got acquainted with some events from the life of the ancient Greeks, with the Battle of Marathon. Today we will get acquainted with new events from the Greco-Persian troops.

We open the notebooks, write the date and topic of the lesson. (Posters with the topic of the lesson and new words are hung on the board).

Vocabulary work:

Themistocles is an energetic and intelligent Athenian, leader of the demos.
Thermopylae Passage is the site of the battle between the Greeks and the Persians in 480. BC
The trireme is a shallow-draft Greek warship with three rows of oars.
The island of Salamis is the site of the battle between the Greeks and the Persians in 480. BC
Xerxes is the ruler of the Persian kingdom, the son of Darius.
Isthmus of Corinth - geographical feature, a place where some Greeks proposed moving a fleet to defend southern Greece from the Persians.
Leonidas is a Spartan king who led the united Greek army.

V. Studying a new topic.

The teacher's story about the invasion of Persian troops in Hellas.

Preparing the Hellenes for a new war.
Battle in the Fermipolis Gorge.
Battle of Salamis.

1. The Athenians were proud of their victory in the Battle of Marathon. But there were new ones ahead

battles with the Persians. Only a few understood this, and among them was Themistocles, the leader of the demos. Under his leadership, the Greeks began to prepare for war with the Persians. Themistocles spoke at the national assembly and convinced everyone that the backbone of democracy was the fleet. The Athenians listened to his opinion and built 200 triremes in a short time. On such a ship there were 180 oarsmen from the Athenian poor.

Themistocles also convinced the Greeks that they needed to unite to fight the Persians. 30 Greek states created an alliance to defend against the Persians. And so in 480. BC Darius' son Xerxes led his troops to Hellas. A narrow strait separated Europe from Asia. Here Xerxes ordered the construction of a bridge, but a storm arose and the bridge was destroyed. In anger, Xerxes ordered the heads of the bridge builders to be cut off, and he himself ordered the construction of a new bridge. The Persians crossed the new bridge for seven days to the opposite bank. Meanwhile, the Greeks were minding their own business. Let's watch the scene “On the Eve of War.”

(Appendix No. 1)

II. A huge Persian army invaded the territory of Northern Greece. A serious clash with the enemy occurred among the Greeks in the Thermopylae Pass, which separated Northern Greece from Central Greece. The united Greek army was led by the Spartan king Leonidas. The Greeks occupied the Thermopylae Gorge and blocked the Persians' path. Xerxes sent the main forces of the Persian army into a frontal attack, but the Greeks did not retreat. The Persians suffered heavy losses. Xerxes jumped up from his throne three times in fear for his army. All Persian attempts to capture the Thermopylae Gorge ended in failure. On the third day, a local resident came to Xerxes and showed him a bypass path for a reward. Xerxes was delighted and sent his soldiers to the rear of the Greek defenders of Thermopylae. The Hellenes noticed the marching enemy detachment. King Leonidas ordered everyone to retreat, and he himself, along with 300 Spartans, remained to cover the retreat of the Greek troops. 300 Spartans showed courage and heroism in the battle with the Persians. The Spartans fought with King Leonidas until everyone died.

Having captured Thermopylae, the Persians moved to Central Greece. Looting and destroying everything in their path, the invaders approached Athens. The inhabitants of Attica left their homes on pawn, and many of them moved to the island of Salamis under the protection of the fleet. Attica is empty. The Persians entered Athens and set him on fire. The Persian ships stopped in a bay near Athens. And nearby, in the strait between Salamis and Attica, there was a Greek fleet that consisted of 400 ships.

Guys, look at the screen.

Watching an excerpt from the educational film “Battle of Salamis”.
Display of a picture from the book “When, where, how and why this happened.”

At least a little tired,
Shown the power of knowledge
Well, one more step
We'll reinforce the lesson.

1. Guys, what battles during the Greco-Persian wars did we talk about today? (About the Battle of Thermopylae Gorge and the Battle of Salamis).

Now let's fill out the table and find out in which battles did the Greeks defeat the Persians?

Filling out the table “Greco-Persian Wars” (Appendix No. 2)

You have task cards on your desks.

Fill in the missing words and dates. (Appendix No. 3)

1. On the M____________ plain in 490 BC. The Greeks were commanded by the strategist M___________d. The battle ended in victory _____________________________________.

2. In the F_______________ gorge in _______ BC. The Greeks were commanded by the Spartan king Leonidas. The battle ended in victory __________________.

3. In the S______m strait in _________ BC. The Athenian fleet was commanded by the strategist F________________. After his defeat in battle, the Persian king Xerxes _____________________.

4. Near the city of P_________i in _________BC. the battle ended in victory _____________________.

VI. Lesson summary.

Guys, what did we talk about in class? (about the Greco-Persian wars).
Did you like today's lesson?
What do you remember about him? (Students' answers.)

VII. Homework: paragraph 35 pp. 158-163.

Today in class I give the following marks for active participation and complete answers:

“5” -
“4” -
“3” -

The lesson is over. Goodbye.

Appendix No. 1

Scene “On the Eve of War”

The Greeks Sporus and Skillius are sitting, talking to each other.

Dispute: Listen, Skillius, how many sponges have you gotten over all these years?

Skillius: I don’t know.

Dispute: It seems to me that it’s in heaven less stars, what sponges you and other divers from Skion collected. Where did they go, all these sponges? Your daughter Gidna has one sponge. She dries her hair with it after washing. For five or six years she gets by with just one sponge. Probably, the daughters of rich men will be dried up and abandoned once. And you go down to the bottom for them. Ugh!

Skillius: What an eccentric you are, Spor! Are sponges only used for drying hair? And what do hoplites put under their helmets so that they do not rub, and, on occasion, soften the force of the blow? How do they clean shoes in rich houses? How do you wash bowls and pots? What do you use to wipe dust off expensive chests and tables? All with our sponges. And if someone’s heart hurts, take the same sponge, soak it in undiluted wine and apply it to the chest.

Dispute: Tell me... Yes, she is healing... But I didn’t value her at all. Grass is grass...

Skillius: And it’s not grass at all, but a sea animal like a hedgehog or a star, only simpler.

Father! Where are you?

Dispute: Gidna! Somehow she returned early today. But she should buy more sulfur.

A girl comes in. Gidna is very excited.

Skillius: What happened, Gidna? Why are you so pale?

Gidna: I'm not pale at all, father. But no one buys sponges at the market. Along the road, outside the city gates, crowds of barbarians are moving. In long colorful clothes. With bows and spears. And the horsemen! And chariots! And some huge animals with two humps on their backs... They're coming. And there is no end to them...

Skillius: It has begun! Poor Hellas! What awaits you?...

Appendix No. 2

Card No. 1

Fill out the table “Greco-Persian Wars”.

Appendix No. 3

Card No. 2

Fill in the missing words and dates.

The main battles of the Greeks with the Persians.

1. On the M____________ plain in 490 BC. The Greeks were commanded by the strategist M___________d. The battle ended in victory __________________.

2. In the F_______________ gorge in _______ BC. The Greeks were commanded by the Spartan king Leonidas. The battle ended in victory for ______________________.

3. In the S______m strait in _________ BC. The Athenian fleet was commanded by the strategist F________________. After the defeat in the battle, the Persian king Xerxes___________________________.

4. Near the city of P_________i in _________BC. the battle ended in victory ______________________.

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Slide captions:

Invasion of Persian troops in Hellas

Plan: 1. Preparing the Hellenes for a new war. 2. Persian invasion of Hellas. 3. Battle in the Fermopylae Gorge. 4. Battle of Salamis.

Themistocles, years of life 524-459. BC e., - Athenian statesman and military leader, supported the idea of creating a large military fleet, which allowed Athens to turn into a powerful sea power. 1. Preparation of the Hellenes for a new war.

Themistocles urged the Athenians to immediately build ships. He persuaded his fellow citizens to take all the silver mined Athenian state, not to divide among themselves, but to give for the construction of ships. The Athenians built 200 triremes in a short time. A trireme is a shallow-draft ship with three rows of oars.

The trireme was a shallow-draft ship with three rows of oars. The sails played a supporting role: they were removed before the battle. Thanks to 180 oarsmen, the trireme could reach speeds of up to 80 km. per hour

Thirty Hellenic states, thanks to the efforts of Themistocles, created a military alliance to fight the Persians.

2. Persian invasion of Hellas. After the death of Darius, his son Xerxes became the head of the Persian state.

In 480 BC. Xerxes led his troops to Hellas. Most his troops consisted of conquered peoples. Look at the map and determine into which two parts the strait divides Eurasia.

A huge Persian army set out from the city of Sardis and Asia Minor. It approached the Hellespont Strait (Dardanelles). By order of Xerxes, a bridge more than a kilometer long was built, but a storm destroyed the bridge. For this, Xerxes ordered the builders to be executed and the sea to be whipped. And a new bridge was built.

360 ships were anchored close to each other and tied together. The crossing to the European coast lasted seven days.

3. Battle in the Thermopylae Gorge. The only route leading from Northern Greece to Central Greece was the narrow Thermopylae Passage. It was easy to defend: almost sheer cliffs rose up to the left of the Greeks, and to the right there was a cliff to the sea. The Greeks built defensive walls and towers.

The united army under the command of the Spartan king Leonidas held back the Persian troops for three days, but on the third day the traitor showed how to get through mountain paths to the rear of the Greeks. Leonidas ordered everyone to retreat, while he himself remained with three hundred Spartans to cover the retreat of the Greek troops.

“O stranger, tell the Spartans about our death: true to our laws, we died here as bones.”

4. Battle of Salamis.

By decision of the national assembly, the inhabitants of Athens moved to the island of Salamis under the protection of the fleet. Men capable of carrying weapons entered the ships.

Monument on the island of Salamis.

Independent work. Read the article, look at the map of the Battle of Salamis. Make a battle plan. Prepare a story about the battle.

Consolidation of the studied material. We continue the table “Greco-Persian Wars”. What were the consequences of the Greek victories over the Persians? D.Z. paragraph – 35 answer the questions at the end of the paragraph.

In today's lesson you will learn how the Greeks, despite the numerical superiority of the enemy, were able to defend their independence.

After the death of Darius, his son Xerxes became the ruler of the Persian state. In 480 BC. e. King Xerxes led his hordes to Hellas. Most of Xerxes' warriors were recruited from conquered peoples. The interests of the Persian king and the nobility were alien to them.

A narrow strait separated Europe from Asia. By order of Xerxes, bridges were built to connect both banks, but a storm broke out and demolished these bridges. Xerxes, enraged, ordered the builders' heads to be cut off, and inflicted an unprecedented punishment on the sea. The cries lashed him with whips, saying: “Oh, you bitter sea moisture! Here's to you from our lord! Remember well, the king will cross you, whether you want it or not!” (Fig. 2) Other craftsmen built a new bridge. The crossing to the European coast lasted seven days.

Rice. 2. Crossing the Hellespont ()

A huge army invaded Northern Greece. He was followed by a convoy with food, and herds of bulls were being driven. The Persian fleet was sailing along the coast. This happened 10 years later, in 480 BC. e., after the Battle of Marathon. Having crossed the Hellespont Strait to the European coast, the army moved along the European coast, and having invaded Northern Greece, it began to occupy region after region. The Greeks did not dare to open battle.

The only route that led from Northern to Central Greece was the Thermopylae Pass, which 300 Spartans and 700 Thespians under the command of Leonidas decided to defend, blocking the Persians’ road. The detachment led by Leonidas heroically defended Thermopylae, but could not resist due to the betrayal of one Greek, who led the Persians to the rear of the troops of King Leonidas. Wanting to save the army from defeat, Leonidas gave the order for the immediate retreat of the Greek troops, and he himself, with a detachment of selected infantry of 300 Spartans, fell on the battlefield. At the site of the battle, a monument was erected in the form of a stone lion with the inscription: “Stranger, take the news to all the citizens of Lacedaemon: having honestly fulfilled the law, here we lie in the grave” (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Monument to Leonidas and 300 Spartans ()

Having captured Thermopylae, the hordes of Xerxes poured into Central Greece. Plundering its regions, trampling fields, cutting down vineyards and olive trees, the invaders approached Athens.

By decision of the People's Assembly, the inhabitants of Attica hastily left their homes. Many women, old people and children moved to the island of Salamis under the protection of the fleet. Men able to bear arms entered the ships. All of Attica was deserted. The Persians entered Athens, set them on fire, and destroyed the temples. The Persian warships anchored in a bay near Athens. Nearby, in the narrow strait between Salamis and Attica, there was a Greek fleet numbering about four hundred ships. From here one could see how the most beautiful of the cities of Hellas was burning.

On general council Many military commanders insisted on withdrawing the fleet to the Isthmus of Corinth to protect southern Greece. Only the Athenian strategist Themistocles convinced them to fight in the Strait of Salamis, where the Hellenes were familiar with every pitfall and all wind directions. He begged to think about the fate of Athenian women and children. The Greeks argued for a long time, not knowing what to do. But at dawn they saw that the exits from the strait were blocked by the Persian fleet. The battle became inevitable.

Behind his progress, sitting on a golden throne, with high bank Attiki was observed by Xerxes. The superiority in the number of ships created confidence in victory. Meanwhile, I rose strong wind. He rocked the high-deck ships of the Persians, but was not dangerous to the low triremes. The Greeks dealt the first blows to the enemies.

The battle was described by its participant, the poet Aeschylus. “A loud cry was heard: “Forward, sons of Hellas!” Save your homeland, save your wives, your children, the gods of your fathers, the temples, the tombs of your ancestors: the battle now is for everything!” ...At first the Persian army stood firm; when the ships crowded together in the strait, they could not help each other and struck their own with copper noses - then they all died. And under the wreckage of broken ships, under the blood of the dead, the surface of the sea disappeared” (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Battle of Salamis ()

The Salamis victory was decisive in the Greco-Persian wars. After the defeat, Xerxes left Greece, leaving part of it ground army. And a year later, at the Battle of Plataea, it was defeated. The Greeks defended their independence in a difficult and lengthy struggle.

References

A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitskaya. History of the Ancient World. 5th grade - M.: Education, 2006.
Nemirovsky A.I. A book to read on the history of the ancient world. - M.: Education, 1991.

Historylib.org()
Ancienthistory.spb.ru ()
Home-edu.ru ()

Homework

How did the Greeks prepare for the Persian invasion?
Why was the command of the Greek army entrusted to the Spartans?
Why did the Greeks defeat the outnumbered Persian army?