History lesson in 5th grade
Goals: complete the study of the history of heroic struggle Greek city-states with the power of the Persians; continue to develop the skills to correctly show historical objects on a map, read simple map diagrams based on their legend, and compose a story.
Equipment: map " Ancient Greece in the 5th century BC e."
Lesson progress
I. Organizational moment
1. Preparation of an oral response on card No. 33.
CARD No. 33
Prepare a detailed answer to the question: “How did the Battle of Marathon take place?”
To do this, remember:
- Why at the beginning of the 5th century. BC e. Darius the First decided to conquer Hellas?
— How did many Greek city policies act when the ambassadors of Darius the First arrived to them?
—Who was appointed to the position of strategist by the People's Assembly in Athens?
— How did the inhabitants of Sparta behave?
— What help did the residents of the city of Plataea provide?
— How did the Greek troops line up? How did they fight?
Draw a conclusion. What was the significance of the Greek victory at Marathon?
Sample student answer
At the beginning of the 5th century. BC e. King Darius the First decided to subjugate Hellas, as the Persian nobility sought new conquests, new lands, and wealth. Many Greek city-states immediately submitted to the troops of Darius. Only the Athenians and Spartans decided to meet the enemy. The Athenians chose Miltiades, who knew military affairs well, to the position of strategist. The Spartans did not refuse help, but did not act immediately. Only the inhabitants of the city of Plataea sent a thousand soldiers. Miltiades blocked the enemies' path to Athens. The Persians decided to go around Attica and land in Athens. Then the Greeks decided to take the battle on the Marathon plain. They formed a phalanx and fought like mad. The Persians broke through the Greek battle line in the center, but the edges held out. The warriors standing at the edges closed the ring. The Persians had to retreat. Thus, for the first time, victory was won over the Persians.
2. Work with the class.
a) Preparation for the test and generalization lesson.
— Define the concepts of “classes”, “state”, “exploitation”, “polis”, “democracy”, “reforms”, “religion”, “oligarchy”.
- What do the words mean: Areopagus, archons, helots, citizens, National Assembly, strategos, colony?
b) Testing the ability to show historical objects on a map.
— What parts is Greece divided into? (South, Middle and North.)
—Which peninsula is considered Southern Greece? (Peloponnese Peninsula.)
—Where is the city of Athens? (In Attica.)
—Where is Sparta? (On the Peloponnese peninsula, in the town of Laconia.)
3. The student’s oral response on card No. 33 and feedback from classmates (for the feedback plan, see lesson No. 10).
III. Transition to studying a new topic
So, we got acquainted with the Battle of Marathon. We learned that thanks to their courage, bravery, and willpower, the Greeks defeated the Persians. But the danger of a new enemy attack could not be ruled out, since the Greeks had money, ships, goods, and there was a war in the Aegean Sea. brisk trade, and the Greeks themselves could be turned into subjects of the “king of kings.” Few Athenians understood this. Among them was Themistocles. Under his leadership, the Greeks again began to prepare for war.
— What major battles with the Persians were the Greeks able to win thanks to careful preparation?
IV. Learning a new topic
Plan
1) Preparing the Hellenes for a new war.
2) Battle in the Thermopylae Gorge.
3) Battle of Salamis.
On the board: lesson topic, new words: Themistocles, Thermopylae Gorge, trireme, o. Solomin, Xerxes, Isthmus of Corinth.
1. Teacher's story.
Themistocles is the leader of the demos. He spoke at the People's Assembly and convinced everyone that the fleet was a pillar of democracy, because even the poorest people were taken into it. The Athenians heeded his proposal and short term built two hundred triremes. On such a ship there were one hundred and eighty oarsmen. By the way, there is an opinion that in ancient world Slaves sat on the oars of the ships. In reality, the slave was not trusted with oars; even on merchant ships the oarsmen were free people. Themistocles convinced the Greeks to stop hostility and join forces to fight the enemy. Thirty Greek states created an alliance to defend together against the Persians. And so in 480 BC. e. Darius' son Xerxes led his troops to Hellas. A serious clash with the enemy occurred among the Greeks at Thermopylae, which separated Northern Greece from Central Greece.
2. Independent work students with the textbook text.
b) Fill out the table started in the last lesson.
"Greco-Persian Wars"
3. Teacher's story (addition to the text of the textbook).
a) To the Battle of Thermopylae.
The personal guard of the Persian king was called “immortals”; it was an entire army of 10,000 people. They were called immortal because their numbers were not allowed to decrease; losses in battles were immediately restored - new warriors were immediately enrolled in the corps of “immortals”.
Leonid knew about the bypass path and placed a detachment of 1000 soldiers on it in advance. But the Greeks guarding it lost their vigilance, since it was quiet and calm here. Therefore, when the Persians unexpectedly approached, the Greeks, unable to withstand the onslaught, fled.
b) To the Battle of Salamis.
The Battle of Salamis was decisive during the Greco-Persian Wars. Among the Athenians there were 500 Greeks who declared that they refused to leave the city with everyone else, fortified themselves on the acropolis and all died heroically.
V. Consolidation of the studied material
1. Conversation on issues.
— Why did Greece, a small country, also divided into dozens of states, manage to repel the powerful Persian power? (The Greeks fought courageously for their homeland. During the war, 30 Greek states joined forces in the fight against the enemy. The Persian army consisted of mercenaries; at any moment they could refuse to carry out a combat mission. Themistocles’ extraordinary talent was revealed.)
—What was the significance of these major military battles? (During such battles, the Greeks were able to defend their independence.)
2. Checking the completion of the table.
VI. Summing up the lesson
Homework: read § 35 Vigasin or § 29 Mikhailovsky; prepare for control test on the history of Greece: a) repeat § 30, 31 of Vigasin, § 26, 27 of Mikhailovsky; b) repeat the terms; for the curious: A monument to the fallen Spartans was erected near the Thermopylae Gorge. This is the figure of a lion. Why? (The name Leonidas means “lion” in Greek.)
Preparing for war
In 490 BC. The famous Battle of Marathon took place, as a result of which the Persians were expelled from the territory of the Balkan Peninsula, and the myth of their invincibility was dispelled. However, immediately after the troops returned to their homeland, the Persian king Darius began preparing for a new campaign, gathering a huge army.
Many residents of Hellas (as the Greeks themselves called their country) were sure that they should not expect a new attack.
I thought completely differently Themistocles, Athenian politician who for a long time, held the position of archon and was the de facto ruler of Athens. Themistocles traveled extensively throughout Greece, seeking to create an alliance between cities to fight dangerous enemy. He managed to unite 30 cities, including Athens and Sparta. In addition, Themistocles insisted that in order to strengthen military power it is necessary to create a navy. Funds from the sale of silver mined in Attica were used to build the fleet. Previously, these incomes were distributed among the citizens of Athens. But Themistocles managed to convince people that it was better to invest money in building a fleet. His efforts were crowned complete success. By the beginning of the new military campaign, Athens had powerful fleet, consisting of 180 ships.
§2. Persian invasion
In 480 BC. The Persian king Xerxes, the son of Darius, gathered a huge army and fleet and marched against the Greeks. It was decided to cross the Hellespont to Europe. By order of the king, bridges were built, but at that time a storm broke out. High waves The erected structure was demolished. This event angered Xerxes, and he ordered the heads of the people responsible for the construction of the bridges to be cut off, and the sea to be flogged with whips. Then new bridges were built. After which the crossing began, which lasted 7 days and nights.
Xerxes' hordes quickly conquered Thrace and Macedonia and invaded northern Greece.
Most cities surrendered without a fight - the way to the south was open. It was decided to give battle to the Persians in the narrow Thermopylae Gorge, a small passage between the mountains and the sea that connected Northern and Central Greece.
Command was given to the Spartan king Leonidas, who had 7 thousand people at his disposal, including 300 Spartans. For several days the Greeks held off the Persian attacks. Bye local resident did not show the invaders a bypass route through which they managed to transfer troops, going to the rear of the Greeks. Having learned about this, Leonidas ordered a retreat, and he himself, along with 300 Spartans, remained to cover the retreat. All the warriors, along with their king, fell in battle. This event went down in history as an example of selfless courage and patriotism. Subsequently, a statue of a lion was installed in the gorge, on the pedestal it was written: “Traveler, go tell our citizens in Lacedaemon that, keeping their covenants, here we died with bones.”
Defeat of the Persians
Having won a victory at Thermopylae, the Persians headed towards Athens, plundering and destroying cities along the way. In the face of the impending threat, the People's Assembly decided to transport all women, old people and children to the island of Salamis, located near Attica. All men capable of holding weapons joined the army or navy. The Persians entered empty Athens, killed several hundred old people who refused to leave their homes, ravaged and burned the city. Soon the Persian fleet approached the shores of Attica. Not far away, in the strait between Salamis and Attica, there was a Greek fleet consisting of 380 triremes, ships with three rows of oars on each side. They accommodated 180 oarsmen and about 30 warriors. They were opposed by a Persian fleet of 700 ships. In the morning the battle began. Greek triremes, lighter and more maneuverable, pressed the Persian fleet, ramming their ships, breaking oars, pushing them aground.
As a result, a significant part of the Persian fleet was lost. The remaining ships were forced to retreat.
After the defeat at Salamis, Xerxes with the remnants of the fleet was forced to leave Greece. The experienced military leader Mardonius remained at the head of the Persian land army. He continued south, aiming to invade the Peloponnese. In 479 BC. The united army of the Greeks, led by the Spartan aristocrat Pausanias, finally defeated the Persian army at the Battle of Plataea. Mardonius died, and the army fled from Greece.
During the next 30 years of war, the Persians did not even think about invading Europe. Now the battles were for control of Aegean Sea and the coast of Asia Minor. As a result, in 449 BC. peace was concluded, cementing the victory of the Greeks. According to the agreement, the Persian king undertook not to introduce a fleet into the Aegean Sea, released greek cities in Asia Minor. The Greeks promised not to invade Persian territory. The main reason The victory of the Greeks in the war should be considered their desire for freedom, unity and courage. Unlike the Persian army, which consisted of representatives of different tribes who were forcibly drafted into the army and therefore did not want to fight, the Greek army was united by the idea of defending their homeland.
Lesson summary
Let's summarize the lesson:
1) After the Battle of Marathon, the Greeks began to prepare for war: they built a fleet and united in an alliance;
2) in 480 BC. Persian troops invaded Greece;
3) major battles this war began: the battle in Thermopylae Gorge, Salamis naval battle and the Battle of Plataea;
4) the result of the Greco-Persian wars was the unconditional victory of the Greeks.
At the Theater of Dionysus
According to historical works Herodotus, the war with Persia became one of the most significant in the history of the ancient Greek state. At the start of the war, the Persian kingdom already had the status of the strongest state in the world.
Darius I was able to capture many lands, including some Greek possessions. Unable to withstand the despotic policies of Persia and the regular increases in taxes, the Greeks decided to organize an uprising, turning to the strong Greek city-states for help.
After several victories, the Greek army was defeated. Uprisings Greek colonies provoked the anger of Darius and his desire to take revenge on all of Greece.
Greek revolt and the Battle of Marathon
He sent his representatives to the Greek city-states, who asked the inhabitants for land and water; this was a metaphor for the time and meant an offer to voluntarily give up their territories to the Persian Empire.
Residents of Athens and Sparta expressed strong disagreement. The freedom-loving and proud Spartans killed the ambassadors of Darius and decided not only to defend the independence of their state, but also to seize the territory of Persia.
In 490 BC. Persian troops reached small town Marathon. There they were already met by a small army of Athenians. Despite the unequal battle, the Greeks managed to defeat the Persians, which unusually inspired them, because it turned out that the Persian army was not as strong as they thought.
The victory at the Battle of Marathon enabled the Greeks to prepare for further military action. They believed that it was possible to resist the Persians with the help of a strong fleet and immediately began its construction.
Three hundred Spartans and King Leonidas
The Persians continued their attack on Hellas only 10 years later. By that time, after the death of Darius, Xerxes had become the ruler of Persia.
Persian troops led by Xerxes were advancing on Greece from the north, along coastline. The main blow was taken by the army, consisting of three hundred Spartans led by King Leonidas. The battle took place in the mountain gorge of Thermopylae.
Thanks to its thoughtful military strategy, the Spartans held for two days advanced positions, but due to the betrayal of one of the inhabitants of Sparta, Xerxes’ troops were able to break through the defense line.
Despite their defeat, the Spartans were able to destroy most of the enemy army. After a while, the Greeks erected a monument to the dead Spartans, on which was written an inscription that eventually became legendary: “Traveler, when you come to Sparta, tell them that we lay down here, as the law ordered.”
Fleet assistance and the battle of Mycale and Plataea
The victory over the Spartans opened the way for the Persians to the Greek city-states. The Greeks abandoned their cities and began preparing for a counterattack.
Thanks to strong fleet, they were able to win the Battle of Salamis, which resulted in the retreat of the Persians to Asia Minor.
The battle that ended the Persian expansion was the Battle of Mycale and Plataea in 479 BC. The Greeks attacked the Persians simultaneously by sea and land, which led to the defeat of the Persian army.
For several decades now, Persia has been waging wars of conquest in Europe, Asia and Africa. The Greeks were able to repel the first blow of the Persian army at the Battle of Marathon, but this did not mean that Persia would abandon plans to capture Greece.
Events
After the Battle of Marathon, the Persians began to prepare another campaign against Greece.
Preparations for the campaign dragged on for 10 years.
King Darius died, leaving the Persian state to his heir Xerxes. The Greeks, in turn, also prepared for future battles.
480 BC - Persian crossing of the Hellespont. A huge army led by Xerxes moved to Greece, accompanied by the Persian fleet by sea.
480 BC - Battle of Thermopylae.
For defense, the Greeks chose the narrow Thermopylae Passage (between Northern and Central Greece).
Sparta sent 300 Spartans to the army to defend Thermopylae. Led by Tsar Leonid.
For several days the Greeks defended themselves in the gorge.
Using cunning (by going around a secret path), the Persians struck the Greeks from the rear.
All the Greeks, except the Spartans, retreated: according to Spartan laws, retreating from the battlefield is prohibited, so 300 Spartans died.
480 BC - Battle of Salamis.
The Greek fleet concentrated on the island of Salamis. In the narrow strait, the maneuverable Greek triremes had a complete advantage. Victory for Greece.
Xerxes returned to Persia.
However, the Persian land army remained in Greece.
479 BC - defeat of the Persians at Plataea.
479–449 BC - battles with the Persians at sea and in Asia Minor. Gradual liberation of Greek city-states.
Participants
Darius - Persian king, participant in the Greco-Persian wars.
Xerxes - Persian king, leader of the Persian campaign against Greece in 480–479. BC
Themistocles - Athenian archon, organizer of the Greek resistance forces during the invasion of Xerxes.
Leonidas is the king of Sparta, who died in the battle of Thermopylae.
Conclusion
Greece won the Greco-Persian wars, which lasted about 50 years. For the Persians this was a heavy blow. After all, Persia was much larger than Greece both in territory and population. However, the Greeks, thanks to their courage and bravery, accomplished this feat.
Parallels
Only 7,000 people took part in the battle of Thermopylae (of which 300 were Spartans), although the Greeks could have assembled a much more impressive army. Why didn't they do this? Because that year the Olympic Games were held. Now it seems incredible that the Greeks did not cancel the games even in the face of the fight against the Persian invaders. However, this is not the only case. During the Battle of Marathon, the Spartans did not send their army immediately, since they could not leave before the full moon. The Greeks' faith in the gods was too strong; sacred customs were not abolished under any circumstances.
Persian invasion of Hellas
Many Greeks considered the defeat of the Persians at Marathon to be the end of the war, but the most far-sighted of them thought otherwise. During these years, an intelligent and energetic man named Themistocles emerged in Athens (Fig. 1). He was well aware that the Persians would soon invade Greece again. Speaking at the National Assembly, Themistocles said: “Our homeland - Hellas - is divided into dozens of states that often fight with each other. To defeat the Persians, the Greeks must forget mutual enmity and unite." Themistocles traveled to different cities of Greece and, in the end, the military alliance he called for was created. Athens, Sparta and other states, thirty in total, united to fight the Persians. The command of the united army was entrusted to the Spartans, since they had the best ground forces.
The name of Themistocles is also associated with the creation of the Athenian navy. Themistocles proposed investing all the profits from silver mining in the south of Attica in the construction of a navy. The national assembly accepted Themistocles' proposal, and by the beginning new war with the Persians the Athenians had 200 triremes.
After the death of Darius, his son Xerxes became the ruler of the Persian state. In 480 BC. e. King Xerxes led his hordes to Hellas. Most of Xerxes' warriors were recruited from conquered peoples. The interests of the Persian king and the nobility were alien to them.
A narrow strait separated Europe from Asia. By order of Xerxes, bridges were built to connect both banks, but a storm broke out and demolished these bridges. Xerxes, enraged, ordered the builders' heads to be cut off, and inflicted an unprecedented punishment on the sea. The cries lashed him with whips, saying: “Oh, you bitter sea moisture! Here's to you from our lord! Remember well, the king will cross you, whether you want it or not!” (Fig. 2) Other masters lined up new bridge. The crossing to the European coast lasted seven days.
A huge army invaded Northern Greece. He was followed by a convoy with food, and herds of bulls were being driven. The Persian fleet was sailing along the coast. This happened 10 years later, in 480 BC. e., after the Battle of Marathon. Having crossed the Hellespont Strait to the European coast, the army moved along the European coast, and having invaded Northern Greece, it began to occupy region after region. The Greeks did not dare to open battle.
The only route that led from Northern to Central Greece was the Thermopylae Pass, which 300 Spartans and 700 Thespians under the command of Leonidas decided to defend, blocking the Persians’ road. The detachment led by Leonidas heroically defended Thermopylae, but could not resist due to the betrayal of one Greek, who led the Persians to the rear of the troops of King Leonidas. Wanting to save the army from defeat, Leonidas gave the order for the immediate retreat of the Greek troops, and he himself, with a detachment of selected infantry of 300 Spartans, fell on the battlefield. At the site of the battle, a monument was erected in the form of a stone lion with the inscription: “Strider, take the news to all the citizens of Lacedaemon: having honestly fulfilled the law, here we lie in the grave.”
Having captured Thermopylae, the hordes of Xerxes poured into Central Greece. Plundering its regions, trampling fields, cutting down vineyards and olive trees, the invaders approached Athens.
By decision of the People's Assembly, the inhabitants of Attica hastily left their homes. Many women, old people and children moved to the island of Salamis under the protection of the fleet. Men able to bear arms entered the ships. All of Attica was deserted. The Persians entered Athens, set them on fire, and destroyed the temples. The Persian warships anchored in a bay near Athens. Nearby, in the narrow strait between Salamis and Attica, there was a Greek fleet numbering about four hundred ships. From here one could see how the most beautiful of the cities of Hellas was burning.
On general council Many military commanders insisted on withdrawing the fleet to the Isthmus of Corinth to protect southern Greece. Only the Athenian strategist Themistocles convinced them to fight in the Strait of Salamis, where the Hellenes were familiar with every pitfall and all wind directions. He begged to think about the fate of Athenian women and children. The Greeks argued for a long time, not knowing what to do. But at dawn they saw that the exits from the strait were blocked by the Persian fleet. The battle became inevitable.
Behind his progress, sitting on a golden throne, with high bank Attiki was observed by Xerxes. The superiority in the number of ships created confidence in victory. Meanwhile, I rose strong wind. He rocked the high-deck ships of the Persians, but was not dangerous to the low triremes. The Greeks dealt the first blows to the enemies.
The battle was described by its participant, the poet Aeschylus. “A loud cry was heard: “Forward, sons of Hellas!” Save your homeland, save your wives, your children, the gods of your fathers, the temples, the tombs of your ancestors: the battle now is for everything!” ...At first the Persian army stood firm; when the ships crowded together in the strait, they could not help each other and struck their own with their copper noses - then they all died. And under the wreckage of broken ships, under the blood of the dead, the surface of the sea disappeared.”
The Salamis victory was decisive in the Greco-Persian wars. After the defeat, Xerxes left Greece, leaving part of it ground army. And a year later, at the Battle of Plataea, it was defeated. The Greeks defended their independence in a difficult and lengthy struggle.
References
- A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitskaya. History of the Ancient World. 5th grade - M.: Education, 2006.
- Nemirovsky A.I. History reading book ancient world. – M.: Education, 1991.
What was decisive in the Greek victory over the invincible Persian army?
1. The march of the army of King Xerxes. It took 10 years before the Persians could begin new trip to Greece. It was headed by King Xerxes, who replaced Darius.
In 480 BC. e. Xerxes' army moved to Hellas by land, and a huge fleet accompanied it along the seashore. To cross to the European shore, it was necessary to build a bridge across the Hellespont Strait. The army was so large that, according to Herodotus, “the transition royal army lasted seven days and seven nights without rest.” Now that the Persians were threatening Greek independence,
Many policies acted against them. The supreme command was entrusted to Sparta.
2. Battle of Thermopylae. The Greeks decided to repel the Persians at the Thermopylae Pass, through which they could penetrate into Central Greece. The mountains in this place come close to the sea, and the narrow passage is easy to defend. It was defended by several thousand Greeks, including a detachment of 300 Spartans. The army was commanded by the Spartan king Leonidas. There were many times more Persians. Xerxes sent a messenger to Leonidas, ordering him to convey two words: “Lay down your arms!” Leonid also answered with two words: “Come and take it.”
The bloody battle lasted two days. The Persians couldn't
break through, but a traitor was found who led them through mountain paths, and the enemies found themselves behind Greek lines. When Leonidas found out about this, he ordered all allies to retreat, while he himself remained with the Spartans and volunteers.
They fought with insane courage and all died in a fierce battle, fighting to the last. And the Persian soldiers were driven forward by the commanders of the detachments with blows of whips.
On the mound, which was poured over the mass grave, they placed a statue of a lion (Leonidas means “lion” in Greek) and made the inscription: “Traveler, inform Lacedaemon1 that we lie here, having honestly fulfilled the law.”
"Lakedaemon is another name for Laconia.
3. Battle of Salamis. Once in Central Greece, the Persian army moved towards Athens. Residents with luggage abandoned their houses and loaded onto ships. Women, children and old people were sent to neighboring islands. All the men were preparing for battle.
Themistocles wanted to force the Persian fleet to engage in battle in the very bottleneck Strait of Salamis. To do this, it was necessary to deceive the Persians, make them believe that the Greek fleet was frightened by the approach of the enemy and was fleeing. This trick was a success. Themistocles sent his faithful slave to Xerxes to inform the king that the Greeks were planning to flee. Xerxes believed and ordered his ships on the night before the battle to take the exits from the strait in secret from the Greeks.
At dawn, the Greeks began to retreat, but as soon as they disappeared from sight of the Persians, Themistocles ordered the ships to form a battle formation. Convinced that the Greeks were fleeing, the Persians entered the strait.
The Athenian ships quickly attacked the advanced enemy ships. They rammed some, broke the oars of others. Light Greek triremes easily bypassed heavy enemy ships. The Persians fought for glory, booty, rewards from the king, the Greeks - for freedom. They saw columns of black smoke rising above the burning houses and temples of Athens - these were Persian troops looting and burning them hometown. Nearby, on the island of Salamis, their relatives were. The Greeks had to either die or become slaves. This increased their strength; no one thought about the danger.
King Xerxes himself provided involuntary assistance to the Greeks. He was so confident in the victory of his fleet that he decided to watch the battle from a high coastal hill. But the Persian ships could not withstand the blow of the Athenians and began to retreat, colliding with each other.
The king was the first to realize that his fleet was being defeated. In grief and anger he left the hill. The Persians saw that the royal banner that was flying over the hill had disappeared, and were completely at a loss. The Persians lost more than two hundred ships in this battle. Xerxes left part of the army to winter in Greece, while he himself retreated to Asia Minor.
4. Battles of Plataea and Mycale.
The glorious victory at Salamis and the retreat of the Persians inspired the Greeks. Now it was possible to think about expelling all Persian forces from Greece. The ranks of the Greek army gathered warriors from more than forty city states.
In 479 BC. e. The battle of Plataea (a town in Boeotia) took place. The battle was stubborn and bloody. But the Greek hoplites were better trained, had more advanced weapons, and fought for freedom. And they won.
The Battle of Plataea is no less important in its results than the Battle of Salamis. The Persian army suffered greatly in the battle. Her retreat from Greece began.
According to legend, on the same day the Persian fleet was defeated in sea battle at Cape Micale (in Asia Minor).
The battles of Plataea and Mycale end the first period of the Greco-Persian Wars. Military operations are transferred to Asia Minor. Gradual liberation begins here too Greek cities.
5. Results of the Greco-Persian battles. The war continued for a long time, but with interruptions. Finally, in 449 BC. e. peace was made. Under its terms, the king recognized the independence of all Greek cities of Asia Minor. The Persian fleet was prohibited from sailing in the Aegean Sea. Athens emerged from the war as the strongest maritime state in Greece.
Description of the Battle of Salamis
participant in the battle of Aeschylus in the tragedy "The Persians"
(The story is told from the perspective of the messenger sent by Xerxes to his mother)
The entire fleet was in a hurry, and at the same time a loud cry was heard: “Forward, sons of Hellas! Save your homeland, save your wives, your children, your father’s temples, the tombs of your ancestors: the battle now is for everything!” Persian cries also rushed towards them... At first the Persian army stood firm. When the ships crowded together in the strait, they could not give help to each other, and with their copper noses they struck their own - then they all died. And the Hellenes skillfully struck them all around... And the ships sank.
How could the Persians - participants in the battles with the Greeks - explain their defeat?
1. How did the campaign of Xerxes change the life of the Greek city-states? 2. How did the ancient Greeks understand the words “honestly fulfill the law”?
3. What are the reasons for the victory of the Greeks in the Battle of Salamis?
4. Indicate the significance of the battles of Salamis, Plataea and Mycale.
5. How do the battles of Salamis, Mycale differ from Thermopylae and Plataea?
1. What was A.V. Suvorov right about when he argued: “Fight not with numbers, but with skill”? To what extent does this apply to the Greco-Persian Wars? 2. What actions of the Greeks would you call a feat in the name of freedom? Tell us about them.
LET'S SUM UP __________________________
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1. Explain why the Greeks did not have a navy before the Greco-Persian Wars. 2. Did the Battle of Marathon put an end to the aggressive plans of the Persians? Why? 3. How did Themistocles convince the Greeks to build a navy? 4. What helped the small Greek army defeat the Persians? 5. Arrange the events of the Greco-Persian Wars in chronological order: the Battle of Salamis, the Battle of Marathon, the battles of Plataea and Mycale, the Battle of Thermopylae.
