What does the magician represent in this fragment? "Prince Oleg in literature and history

In the Tale of Bygone Years there is a legend about the death of the Kyiv prince Oleg (10th century), allegedly predicted to him by a sorcerer (priest of the Slavic god Perun). Legend of
the death of Prince Oleg attracted the attention of the great Russian poet A.S. Pushkin, and he embodied it in poetic lines his famous "Song of prophetic Oleg" We
we read this work, and pictures of “deep antiquity” appear before us, a poetically reproduced picture of morals, relationships and
characters of a time long past. It’s as if we find ourselves in those distant years when there was Kievan Rus, we hear the ancient speech, we see prophetic prince,
“a mighty warrior”, his favorite horse, another comrade-in-arms, and his squad, and a wise seer. The image of this “inspired magician” - “favorite of the gods” -
seems especially solemn and unusual. One feels that this hero is no less dear to the author than the “prophetic Oleg” himself, about whom the story is written.
"Song..." Here is a description of the first meeting of the prophetic Oleg with the wise old man:

* With his squad, in the Tsaregrad armor,
* The prince rides across the field on a faithful horse.
* From dark forest towards him
*Going inspired magician…

* An old man submissive to Perun alone.
* The messenger of the covenants of the future.

One can feel both respect for his advanced years, passed in “prayers and fortune-telling,” and admiration for his wisdom. It was through the mouth of the magician-magician that Pushkin
pays tribute to admiration for the courageous prince, who glorified himself in harsh campaigns.

“Messenger of the covenants of the future,” wise and rich life experience, predicts Prince Oleg’s future, but he internally argues with the soothsayer, does not want
to believe him (having heard the prediction, the prince “grinned; however, his brow and gaze were clouded with thought”), he tries to deceive fate by abandoning his beloved horse. Through
for many years, returning from campaigns, Oleg remembers his faithful comrade, and upon hearing about the death of the horse, it seems to him that he wins the argument with the wise old man
and utters words that reduce the soothsayer’s halo: “You are a lying, crazy old man.” But, having stepped on the horse’s skull and died from the bite of a “coffin snake,” the prince
This confirms that the wise magician was not mistaken.

IN chronicle legend about Oleg’s death, all attention is focused on the event itself, and the magician appears only to fulfill his specific role, and in
In the work of A. S. Pushkin, the wise old man is represented as a central and equal character:

* “The Magi are not afraid of mighty lords,
* But they don’t need a princely gift;
* Their prophetic language is truthful and free
* And is friendly with the will of heaven.”

It is in these words of the sorcerer, pronounced with such pride, that the qualities dearest to Pushkin are reflected human personality: inner dignity,
independence, human wisdom, the ability to divine and the ability to tell the truth.

1. Prove that “The Song of the Prophetic Oleg” is a ballad.

Ballad - lyric poem with a tense and poignant plot. At the core Pushkin's poem a dramatic story about the prediction of Prince Oleg's death from his faithful horse and the death of the prince. The reader follows the tense development of events with interest and empathizes with the hero of the ballad. The coloring of the work is dark and mysterious, it is achieved often used in ballads poetic meter- amphibrachium, due to the images and events of the “Song...”.

2. Which artistic techniques make the images of Oleg and the magician expressive and memorable? Try to compare some of these techniques and decide what is especially important for the author in the characters' characters.

The description of the prince and the magician is built on figurative definitions-epithets. Prince Oleg is called in the ballad “prophetic,” that is, wise, knowing what others are not allowed to know. He is omnipotent, everyone obeys him. The prince takes revenge cruelly and mercilessly for the violent raid of the Khazars.

The magician is endowed with omniscience, a mysterious power that inspires him (“inspired magician”); he is subordinate only to the will of the gods, but not to the prince (“an old man submissive to Perun alone”), the old man is wise, independent and brave.

The prince understands the spiritual height of the magician, and therefore calls him “the favorite of the gods” and asks about the future. But still he addresses him condescendingly, urging him not to be afraid of his princely power and promising a reward.

... Reveal to me the whole truth, do not be afraid of me: You will take a horse as a reward for anyone. The magician calmly and proudly answers: The Magi are not afraid of powerful rulers, And they do not need a princely gift. Their prophetic language is truthful and free and friendly with the will of heaven...

Pushkin endows the magician with restraint and the ability to appreciate Oleg’s virtues: he glorifies his victories, asserts that “an invisible guardian has been given to the mighty,” but his praise for the prince ends with a sad prediction: “But you will accept death from your horse.”

3. When and why was the sharp assessment of the magician sounded, given by Oleg: “deceitful, crazy old man”?

Oleg’s harsh assessment came when he learned that the horse “fell into deep sleep.” The prince's grief gives rise to anger and bitterness; he reproaches the magician and himself for believing in the prediction.

4. Do all stanzas use the same rhyme order? Justify your answer.

In the stanzas of the “Song...” the first line rhymes with the third, the second with the fourth (cross rhyme); the fifth - rhymed with the sixth line in pair rhyme. This method of rhyming (ababvv) is maintained in all stanzas of the ballad, which gives Pushkin’s narrative integrity and harmony.

5. Determine the number of stanzas of the poem and find the stanza that contains the climax of events.

The ballad has 17 stanzas, the culmination being the 16th, penultimate stanza, when the magician’s prediction is fulfilled and Oleg’s death overtakes him from the poison of a snake.

6. Compare Pushkin’s ballad and the chronicle source. What difference do you see?

Chronicle source - prose, ballads of Pushkin - poetic text. The artistic embodiment of events in a ballad is more vivid and expressive (there are many epithets, metaphors, personifications in the text), because the author of the ballad not only reports about the event, but also strives to create a certain image in the reader, to express your attitude towards the hero.

The story about Oleg in the chronicle is very brief, Pushkin’s descriptions are detailed, presented in a solemn, high style. The poet uses many everyday and historical realities from the chronicle. The character of the hero in Pushkin's narrative is different. The chronicler Oleg does not worry much about separation from his horse; he is only worried about the fulfillment of the prediction. And he wants to see the horse’s bones to make sure that the prediction turned out to be wrong. Pushkinsky Oleg suffers from separation from his horse, he calls the horse a friend and regrets that he is not destined to be buried with his comrade.

7. Prepare plans for a ballad and a passage from the chronicle. Compare them.

Ballad outline

1. Meeting of the prophetic Oleg with the magician.
2. Oleg's conversation with the elder and his prediction.
3. Parting with the horse.
4. News of the death of a horse.
5. Oleg at the remains of his comrade.
6. A fatal snake bite and the death of a prince.
7. Funeral service for Prince Oleg of his squad.

Plan of an excerpt from the chronicle

1. Oleg’s memory of a horse, which he once had to part with because of the prediction of the Magi.
2. The meaning of the prediction.
3. The news of the death of the horse and Oleg’s reproach to the magician.
4. The desire to see horse bones.
5. Snake bite, illness and death of Oleg.
8. Prepare a retelling using one of these plans. When retelling a ballad, try to use poetic lines. Material from the site

This is what a retelling of a chronicled episode might look like.

"One day Kyiv prince Oleg remembered his horse, which he once decided not to ride again, because the wise men predicted his death from his horse. These words sank into the prince’s soul, and he ordered to feed and water his faithful comrade, but never to bring him to him again. Returning to Kyiv four years later, “he remembered the horse,” and Oleg was told that the horse had died. The prince laughed at the magician’s prediction and ordered him to be taken to the place where the remains of the horse lay. Seeing them, “he stepped on the skull,” from which a snake crawled out and stung Oleg in the leg. The prince fell ill and died, and the people mourned him with “great lamentation.”

9. Why did I like “The Song of the Prophetic Oleg”

The story of how the prophetic Oleg died was remembered by me already when I got acquainted with the chronicle. The legend itself about his death is ethical and mysterious. When did he tell about her? great poet, then the historical episode turned into a work of high poetry. The poet makes us judge both time and the fate of a person. At the same time, it becomes clear to us own view to the non-stop running of history, his agreement that the inevitable cannot be averted.

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On this page there is material on the following topics:

• artistic techniques in the song about the prophetic Oleg
• test on songs about prophetic Oleg
• questions and answers about A.S. Pushkin
• what do we learn about Oleg from Pushkin’s ballad
• compare the ballad with a literary source

3.Did the participants in the Battle of Borodino view their battle with the French as a feat? Why? 4. How do we, the readers of this ballad, perceive these events? 5. Why do you think the story about Borodino comes from the perspective of an old soldier? 6.What technique, borrowed from folk ballads, is used by the author? 7. How are the sounds of battle conveyed in the ballad? What is the name of this literary device? 8. Why did Lermontov choose the ballad genre for the story about the Battle of Borodino? 9. Find the refrain and think about why the story begins and ends with it?

in his Tsaregrad armor, the Prince rides across the field on a faithful horse. From the dark forest, towards him, comes an inspired magician, an old man obedient to Perun alone, a messenger of the covenants of the future, who has spent the entire century in prayers and fortune-telling. And Oleg drove up to the wise old man. “Tell me, magician, favorite of the gods, What will happen to me in life? And soon, to the joy of my neighbors-enemies, will I be covered with earth at Mogilnaya? Reveal to me the whole truth, do not be afraid of me: You will take a horse as a reward for anyone.” “The Magi are not afraid of powerful rulers, And they do not need a princely gift; Their prophetic language is truthful and free and friendly with the will of heaven. The coming years lurk in darkness; But I see your lot on your bright brow. Now remember my word: Glory to the Warrior is joy; Your name is glorified by victory; Your shield is on the gates of Constantinople; Both the waves and the land are submissive to you; The enemy is jealous of such a wondrous fate. AND blue sea a deceptive rampart In the hours of fatal bad weather, And the sling, and the arrow, and the crafty dagger The years spare the winner... Under the formidable armor you know no wounds; An invisible guardian has been given to the mighty. Your horse is not afraid of dangerous work; He, sensing the master's will, now stands quietly under the arrows of enemies, now rushes across the battlefield. And the cold and the slashing are nothing to him... But you will accept death from your horse.” Oleg grinned, but his forehead and gaze were darkened with thought. In silence, leaning his hand on the saddle, he dismounts from his horse, gloomy; And a faithful friend is stroked and patted on the neck with a farewell hand. “Farewell, my comrade, my faithful servant, The time has come for us to part; Now rest! No foot will ever step into your gilded stirrup. Farewell, be comforted - and remember me. You, fellow youths, take a horse, Cover it with a blanket, a shaggy carpet, Take it to my meadow by the bridle; Bathe; feed with selected grain; Give me spring water to drink.” And the youths immediately departed with the horse, and they brought another horse to the prince. The prophetic Oleg feasts with his retinue at the merry clink of a glass. And their curls are white as morning snow Above the glorious head of the mound... They remember days gone by And the battles where they fought together. “Where is my friend? - said Oleg. - Tell me, where is my zealous horse? Are you healthy? Is his running still as easy? Is he still the same stormy, playful person?” And he listens to the answer: on a steep hill, he has long fallen into deep sleep. Mighty Oleg bowed his head and thought: “What is fortune telling? Magician, you lying, crazy old man! I would despise your prediction! My horse would still carry me.” And he wants to see the horse's bones. Here the mighty Oleg rides from the courtyard, With him Igor and the old guests, And they see - on a hill, near the bank of the Dnieper, Noble bones lie; The rain washes them, the dust covers them, and the wind stirs the feather grass above them. The prince quietly stepped on the horse’s skull and said: “Sleep, lonely friend! Your old master outlived you: At the funeral feast, which is already not far away, It’s not you who will stain the feather grass under the ax and water my ashes with hot blood! So this is where my destruction was hidden! The bone threatened me with death!” From the dead head the grave snake, Hissing, meanwhile crawled out; Like a black ribbon wrapped around his legs, And the stung prince suddenly cried out. The circular ladles, foaming, hiss at the mournful funeral of Oleg; Prince Igor and Olga are sitting on a hill; The squad is feasting on the shore; The fighters remember the days gone by and the battles where they fought together. 1). Prepare a detailed answer to the questions: what did the magician tell about the life of the prince?, compare the texts of the ballad and the chronicle. , what do you see as the difference and what do they have in common? 2). How is the relationship between the “mighty ruler” and the “wise old man” revealed in their dialogue? What can you say about each of them and who do you think is more attractive? Whose side is the author on? help me please

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is the greatest Russian poet and writer. The Russian spirit is always present in his works; he shows the Russian man in development.

The name of Prince Oleg, to whom the “Song…” is dedicated, has been etched in history since ancient times. There are many songs, legends and stories about him. He was a wise, talented, fearless and resourceful military leader.

Pushkin loved and knew history. In “Song of the Prophetic Oleg” he reflected the theme of fate, the inevitability of fate. The author admires the strength and courage of the prince:

How the prophetic Oleg is getting ready now
To take revenge on the foolish Khazars:
Their villages and fields for a violent raid
He condemned him to swords and fires;
With his squad, in Tsaregrad armor,
The prince rides across the field on a faithful horse.

Oleg is shown in “Song...” as a hero who is not afraid of anything, makes raids, and always wins. But not everything in life depends on his talent and strength. The truth is that if something is supposed to come true, then it will definitely come true, there is no hiding from it. It was this warning of the “wise old man” that Oleg did not believe:

Now remember my words:
Glory to the warrior is joy;
Glorified by victory your name:
Your shield is on the gates of Constantinople;
Both the waves and the land are submissive to you;
The enemy is jealous of such a wondrous fate.
...Your horse is not afraid of dangerous work;
He, sensing the master's will,
Then the humble one stands under the arrows of enemies,
Then he rushes across the battlefield.
And the cold and slashing are nothing to him...
But you will receive death from your horse.

The fortuneteller is “an inspired magician, an old man obedient to Perun alone,” he appears before the reader as a person who always tells the truth and does not depend on anyone’s opinion. He has nothing to fear, he has seen a lot in the world:

The Magi are not afraid of mighty rulers,
But they don’t need a princely gift;
Their prophetic language is truthful and free
And friendly with the will of heaven.
The coming years lurk in darkness;
But I see your lot on your bright brow...

Oleg thinks that he can get away from evil rock, and he sends his horse away, trying to get rid of the threat of death:

Farewell, my comrade, my faithful servant,
The time has come for us to part:
Now rest! I won't set foot anymore
Into your gilded stirrup.
Farewell, be comforted - and remember me.
You, fellow youths, take a horse...

But many years later, when the prince thinks that the danger is over because his horse is dead, fate overtakes Oleg:

So this is where my destruction was hidden!
The bone threatened me with death!
From dead head grave snake,
Hissing, meanwhile she crawled out;
Like a black ribbon wrapped around my legs,
And the suddenly stung prince cried out.

Pushkin imagines the horse to be as strong and brave as his owner. He is loyal to Oleg, who appreciates his devotion:

And a faithful friend with a farewell hand
And the cool guy strokes and pats his neck...
...Where is my friend? - said Oleg, -
Tell me, where is my zealous horse?

A.S. Pushkin shows that every person in life has his own purpose, everyone has his own destiny. But friends need to be loved and respected during life, so that later it will not be sad and painful. After all, friends will always help, they won’t leave you in trouble, you should value real friends.

The plot and language of “The Song of the Prophetic Oleg” is fascinating, memorable, remaining in the hearts of readers for a long time, and leads to serious thoughts about the meaning of life, about the role of man.

The great Russian poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was the founder of Russian realistic literature. With his poetry, he brings out the best in people and makes them forget about the little things and worries of life. But to comprehend the full meaning of his thoughts...

From the chronicles it is known that at the beginning of the 10th century Prince Oleg ruled in Kyiv. He made a successful campaign against Constantinople, concluded a deal with Byzantium that was beneficial for Russian merchants trade agreement. In response to the raids of nomadic tribes from the east, Oleg and his army committed...

I like to read Pushkin's poems. But it becomes especially interesting if you learn about the events from them Russian history, about "things have been going on for a long time" days gone by, legends of deep antiquity." After reading "The Song of the Prophetic Oleg", I recognized one...

Old Russian chronicles mention that Oleg ruled in Kyiv. He made successful campaigns against Tsar Grad, towards the Caspian Sea, liberating the lands from the Khazars’ raids, and concluded a profitable trade agreement with Byzantium for Russian merchants. About the prince...

1.You read A.S. Pushkin’s poem “Song of the Prophetic Oleg.” What excited you, what did you remember?

I was worried about Oleg’s fate; it was a pity that he died not on the battlefield, but from a snake bite. I remember his meeting with the fortuneteller and his prophecy about Oleg’s death.

2. How do you imagine Prince Oleg, the magician?

Oleg is a reasonable and fair ruler, a “mighty warrior” who glorified his name with a glorious victory. According to legend, Prince Oleg courageously fought the Khazars and captured the capital Byzantine Empire- Constantinople (the Russians called it Constantinople). Leaving there, as a sign of victory, he nailed his shield on the gates of the city.

Magician - “inspired”, old man, sorcerer, wise and insightful, pagan, believes in Perun and the powers of the earth.

READING, REFLECTING

1.Read the poem to yourself. When and where do the events take place? Talk about the morals and customs of that distant time, using words and expressions from the text.

Prince Oleg ruled in Rus' in the 10th century, as evidenced by The Tale of Bygone Years. Some historians consider Oleg to be a relative of Rurik. He gained power after the death of Rurik in 879 and ruled until Rurik's son Igor came of age. Prince Oleg was an enterprising and warlike man. He annexed the lands along the Dnieper to the state. He captured Smolensk, the city of the Krivichi, then took Lyubech, the city of the northerners. Under him, Novgorod became the second most important city. In 882, Oleg captured Kyiv and began to rule there, proclaiming Kyiv “the mother of Russian cities.” In 907, under the leadership of Oleg, a successful campaign was made against Constantinople (Constantinople), as a result of which the Russians received a rich tribute from the Byzantines and a few years later signed the first peace treaty with Byzantium.

2. How do you imagine Prince Oleg? Identify episodes that will help you do this. Pay attention to the description of the prince’s appearance, demeanor, behavior at the time of conversation with the magician, his thoughts on the prediction, and attitude towards the horse.

Prince Oleg is a stately ruler, brave, intelligent, courageous, courageous, powerful. He has a “light brow”, “under the formidable armor you know no wounds”, he confidently stays in the saddle, knowing that under him is a “faithful horse”. He behaves with dignity and speaks to the old man with respect. When he heard the fatal prediction, “Oleg grinned, but his forehead and gaze were clouded with thought.” He got off his horse, said goodbye to him affectionately, and ordered him to be inspected and groomed. He is attached to the horse as if he were true friend, "stroke and pat" him on the neck cool. For Prince Oleg, his horse is a “faithful servant”, a participant in all military campaigns, with whom he lived a glorious life. How can one believe that a comrade in arms can cause death? Oleg is trying to cheat fate by giving up his beloved horse. We seem to hear his farewell words:

Farewell, my comrade, my faithful servant,

The time has come for us to part:

Now rest! I won't set foot anymore

Into your gilded stirrup.

3. How do you imagine a magician? Where does he come from before? princely squad? What epithets does Pushkin use to characterize him? appearance, speech, behavior?

The magician is an “inspired”, wise old man, a pagan, since he is faithful to Perun, appears before the squad from the dark forest. The author calls him “the messenger of the covenants of the future,” “the wise old man,” “the favorite of the gods,” “the sorcerer.”

“their prophetic language is truthful and free”...

4. Which episode in the poem is the most intense, exciting? Describe in detail the participants in the episode, their speech, behavior?

I think the most intense moment is when the prince is bitten by a snake, at the moment when he steps on the horse’s skull.

Oleg, together with his squad, remembers his war horse and his prediction. Having learned that the horse had died long ago, he, along with Igor and the old guests, went to a hill near the bank of the Dnieper. Here are the horse bones. The prince steps on the skull and burns, “Sleep, lonely friend! Your old master outlived you...” And suddenly a snake crawled out of his skull, hissing, and bit the prince. He screamed. Prince Igor and Olga are sitting on the hill, they remember Oleg, and the squad is feasting near the shore.

5. What details indicate that a lot of time passed between the magician’s prediction and the prince’s death.

This is evidenced by the following lines:

“And their curls are white as morning snow

Above the glorious head of the mound..."

“on a steep hill, he (the horse) had long since fallen into deep sleep”

This is also evidenced by natural death horse and its bones on the hill.

SUMMARY OF IMPRESSIONS AND OBSERVATIONS

1. Why does A.S. Pushkin portray an inspired magician next to Prince Oleg?

The prince is power, and the magician is higher than the prince according to God’s will.

It was not blind fate that sentenced Oleg to death “by his horse,” but his attachment to the horse, which made him cast aside all fears and regret that they had no destiny.

2. Why does the poem end not with a description of Oleg’s death, but with a description of the funeral feast?

The author notes the epithet “at the mourning funeral of Oleg,” i.e. The feast is not sad, but lamentable, which means plaintive, inspiring regret, pity. Since Oleg himself is to some extent guilty of the chain fatal events, the finale of which was his death.

3. Try to prove that A.S. Pushkin’s work is an epic work.

“The Song of the Prophetic Oleg” is a legend clothed in the form of a ballad:

- is based on historical fact

– theme of fate, predestination, inevitability of fate

– compositional feature– inclusion of dialogue (appeals, questions and answers)

WE WORK WITH ILLUSTRATION

The text contains an illustration by V.M. Vasenetsov “Prophetic Oleg and the Magus”. How did the artist depict Prince Oleg, the magician? Is this how you imagined the characters in the poem?

Prince Oleg is depicted as courageous, stately, looking like a hero. The magician looks like a guslar; he is an old man in white robes, with a pancake beard and gray hair. Yes, the presentation is similar.