Nekrasov about the wives of the Decembrists. Analysis of Nekrasov's poem Russian women

The political self-awareness of the Decembrists’ wives was not developed: the activities of their husbands took place in secret societies, and the news of the arrests sounded like a bolt from the blue to family and friends.

But, fulfilling their feminine duty, the “Decembrists” inevitably filled it with civic content. This is exactly how everyone perceived their act - from the emperor to people from the common class.

Among these women were: E. Trubetskaya, V. Naryshkina, V. Rosen, M. Volkonskaya and others.

Nicholas I, who carried out reprisals against the Decembrists, understood that even the unheard-of insolence of the wives of the rebels could arouse sympathy in society and confuse minds. Therefore, he did not skimp on threats - just to keep women from reuniting with their husbands who had encroached on the sacred royal power.

From the diary of M. Volkonskaya:

“A wife, following her husband, will naturally become involved in his fate and will lose her previous title, that is, she will no longer be recognized as the wife of an exiled convict, and at the same time takes upon herself to endure everything that such a state may have as a burden, for Even her superiors will not be able to protect her from the hourly possible insults from people of the most undeveloped, contemptuous class, who will find in this as if some right to consider the wife of a state criminal, bearing an equal fate with him, like themselves: these insults can even be violent . Inveterate villains are not afraid of punishment. Children who take root in Siberia will become state-owned factory peasants!

“You are not allowed to take any money or valuable things with you.”

N.A. Nekrasov was delighted with the dedication of the Decembrists’ wives and their spiritual strength. He knew Mikhail Volkonsky, who allowed him to get acquainted with his mother’s notes. Nobody touched on this topic; it was taboo.

The characters of the wives of the Decembrists revealed the main qualities of the Russian female national character - self-sacrifice, dignity, patience.

Nekrasov’s Princess Trubetskaya is a generalized image, like the images of other wives of the Decembrists. The poet endows them with the traits of that heroic dedication, that decisive fighting character, examples of which he saw in the best people of his time.

The poem is a hymn to noble spiritual impulses, courage, perseverance, fidelity, and the all-conquering power of love.

Lesson objectives:

• Introduce students to the historical basis of N.A.’s poem. Nekrasov “Russian women”.
• Show the greatness of the spirit of a Russian woman by analyzing the episode “Meeting of Princess Trubetskoy with the Governor of Irkutsk.
• Teaching expressive reading.

Equipment:

1. Epigraph of the lesson on the board
   Captivating images! Hardly
   In the history of any country
   Have you ever seen anything more beautiful?
   Their names should not be forgotten.

   No! I'm not a pathetic fish!
   I am a woman, a wife!
   Let my fate be bitter -
   I will be faithful to her! N.A. Nekrasov “Russian women”

Portraits of the wives of the Decembrists: Alexandrina Muravyova, Maria Volkonskaya, Elizaveta Naryshkina, Polina Gebl and Camille Le Dantu.

Musical accompaniment of the lesson, including Chuevsky’s romance “Shine, burn, my star...”

Teacher's word.

It was a cloudy morning on December 14, 1825. The sun rose late on this short winter day - at nine o'clock and minutes. Nicholas wandered gloomily through the halls Winter Palace. He knew that the palace, this centuries-old stronghold of Russian tsarism, was surrounded by a ring of a serious, threatening uprising...

The leaders of the uprising rose early that day. Ryleev and his friends are members of a secret political society- went out on this day Senate Square with weapons in hands. These were best people Russian land, its faithful sons.

But the uprising was suppressed. Tsar Nicholas I brutally dealt with the revolutionaries. Five were hanged, 12 were exiled to Siberia, and how many more were flogged to death and thrown under the ice by the soldiers who came to Senate Square.

It was a feat, a great feat in the name of the Motherland; selfless desire to help the Russian people. But today we will talk not about those who came out to Senate Square and who walked along the great Vladimirskaya Road, chained in chains under the escort of soldiers, but about those beautiful women who abandoned everything: the splendor of the capital, luxury, their successes in the world and full of self-denial and enormous spiritual strength followed their husbands to hard labor. Nekrasov called them Decembrists.

...Under the whistling and howling of a blizzard, a cart rushes, carrying the first of the great women - 20-year-old Muravyova - to Siberia. She takes Pushkin's messages with her to Siberia. Shivering from the cold, he remembers...

Students act out a skit.

Cuckoo antique watch crowed 10 times. Sister Natasha quickly entered the living room.

- Pushkin has come to see you!

- Which one, Pushkin? Perplexed, Alexandrina asked again.

- Poet! Alexander Sergeevich! He says he wants to see you on an urgent matter.

- Fine. Show him here.

Pushkin handed Alexandrina a neatly folded sheet of poetry, she asked:

- Read it for yourself.

He made a silent half-bow as a sign of agreement and began in a dull, excited voice:

– “In the depths of the ores...” / the poem is read against the background of music /

Alexandrina listened with bated breath. Every line penetrated my soul. She clearly imagined what joy they would bring there, how they would encourage Nikita and his comrades, and when Pushkin finished, with tears in her eyes she said quietly and gratefully:

– I have no words to express my gratitude to you. Your poems will be a wonderful balm for them...

It seems that what special did these women do by leaving for their husbands? And try to transport yourself to that era when cruel, black reaction reigned, when it was forbidden to even write letters to the Decembrists, to pronounce their names. And how terribly difficult it was to obtain government permission to follow her husband to Siberia. But if it was received, then the Decembrist wife had to remember the bitter words: “An innocent wife, following her criminal husband to Siberia, must remain there until death.” This was the order of the government of Nicholas I.

Children born in Siberia became serfs; It was not allowed to take with you any sums of money or things of great value. In fact, they went to this harsh region without any means of subsistence. And it was tough, monstrous.

But the fiery love of women, the selfless desire to help the Decembrists still won. Nothing stopped the princesses, who had recently shone in the world. Maria Volkonskaya, Alexandrina Davydova, Elizaveta Naryshkina, French women Polina Gebl and Camille Le-Dantu, who obtained permission to go to Siberia to marry “state criminals.” Camilla had one explanation for why she followed Vasily Ivanovich to Siberia: “I have loved him almost since childhood.” There were 11 of them, these brave women who challenged fate.

/Music plays.../ Exhibition of portraits of women - Decembrists.

Look at these beautiful, spiritual faces.

Alexandrina Muravyova

The portrait was painted by order of Muravyova in the first days of her husband’s imprisonment in the Peter and Paul Fortress. On the back of the watercolor there is an inscription by Alexandrina Grigorievna in French: “To my dear Nikita.” Since then, Nikita Muravyov has not parted with the portrait, which very accurately conveyed the sad tenderness, nobility and kindness of Alexandrina.

A student's story.

She sat silently, with half-closed eyes, by the cold fireplace and could no longer cry: the grief was too enormous.

Less than four years had passed since she, nineteen-year-old, modest and shy Alexandrina Chernyshova, became the wife of Nikita Muravyov, whom she fell in love with passionately and tenderly for the rest of her life.

On December 25, 1825, 11 days after the defeat of the uprising in St. Petersburg, Muravyov was arrested. She looked at her husband with a dead face, not believing her ears. He fell to his knees in front of her:

- I'm sorry I didn't tell you everything. I am infinitely guilty before you!

Alexandrina, holding back her sobs, lifted her husband, clung to him and whispered:

- Be silent, be silent..., you are not to blame for anything, and no matter what awaits you, I will always be with you, my only, priceless one, I will share your fate in everything...

The next day, Alexandrina rushed to St. Petersburg so that, having handed over her two babies to the care of her mother-in-law, she could devote herself to efforts to mitigate her husband’s fate and seek permission to stay with Nikita where he would be sent.

In vain did the chief of the gendarmes, Benckendorff, try to dissuade this weak-looking woman from going on a trip, intimidating her with impending disasters. But Alexandrina was ready to sacrifice everything just to be with her husband. Following her beloved, she went to Siberia, and at 16 days old she rode from Moscow to Irkutsk. A strong, loving soul supported her weak forces. She was the common favorite of all the exiled Decembrists. Her mother-in-law sent her money and parcels with things, most of which Alexandrina distributed to those in need. And Alexandrina’s life was unbearably difficult. She writes to her father: “One small room, damp and dark, and so cold that we are all freezing in warm boots, and in cotton bonnets, and caps...”. In Chita, the Muravyovs had a girl, and she was their only joy. In the fall of 1832, Alexandrina Grigorievna caught a cold and soon died; she was 28 years old. She wanted to be buried in the family crypt, but Benckendorff rejected the request of her relatives: “The arrival of Muravyova’s ashes from Siberia can excite the people, increase the spirit of indignation... The dead are worse than the living!..”

And here is a portrait in front of you Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya with a child in her arms. Take a look at these beautiful features.

1 student: Maria Raevskaya was 19 years old when she met the 36-year-old brilliant General Volkonsky. The young wife did not know about the events that took place on December 14, 1825 on Senate Square. While expecting a child, she lived in the village. The son was born on January 2, 1826, and a week later the husband was arrested. Secretly from her family, Maria Nikolaevna petitioned the Tsar for permission to follow her husband. The king allowed it.

Volkonskaya was the first to see the convicted Decembrists in the mine. She went down there, a guard let her through:

The sentry gave in to my sobs,
I asked him like God!..

It is impossible to talk without emotion about her meeting with her husband Sergei Volkonsky in the dark, stuffy mine:

...where the mold is patterned
Lying down; where the water flowed quietly
And it flowed down in puddles.

2nd student:

And then he saw, he saw me!
And he extended his arms towards me: “Masha!”
And he became exhausted, as if far away...
Two exiles supported him.
Tears flowed down his pale cheeks,
The outstretched hands trembled...
The sound of my sweet voice
Instantly sent an update,
Joy, hope, oblivion of torment,
The paternal threat is oblivion!
And shouting: “I’m coming!” I was running
Suddenly jerking his hand,
Along a narrow board over a gaping ditch,
Towards the calling sound...
“I’m coming”... Sent me her affection
A smile-filled face...
And I ran up... and my soul
Filled with a holy feeling.
Only now, in the fatal mine,
Seeing the shackles on my husband,
I fully understood his torment,
He suffered a lot, and he knew how to suffer!
Involuntarily I bowed before him
Knees - and before you hug your husband,
She put the shackles to her lips.

1 student: Volkonskaya lived with her husband in hard labor and exile for almost 30 years. She wrote memoirs about these years.

In a watercolor portrait made by Nikolai Bestuzhev, Camille Le Dantu , daughter of a French governess.

Student: As a sixteen-year-old girl, she and her mother ended up in the rich noble house of General Ivashev. Ivashev’s young son did not remain indifferent to the charming girl. But their difference social status was so great that the daughter of a poor governess could not hope to marry the heir of a noble and wealthy family.

After speaking on Senate Square on December 14, 1825, Vasily Ivashev was sentenced to lifelong hard labor. Camilla hid her grief for a long time and only in the spring of 1830, having suffered a serious nervous illness, she opened up to her mother. The decision was made immediately.

It took a lot of effort for Ivashev’s mother to obtain the emperor’s permission for Camilla to travel to Siberia to perform the marriage ceremony. Finally, the obstacles were overcome, and in the fall of 1831 Camilla arrived at the Petrovsky Factory, where the convicts lived at that time. Volkonskaya wrote about Ivasheva: “This is a wonderful creature in all respects: marrying her was a great happiness for Ivashev”...

In June 1836, the Ivashevs moved to settle in Turinsk. The young woman’s strength was already undermined by this time.

On December 30, 1839, Kamilla Ivasheva died. She was 36 years old at that time. Vasily Petrovich was never able to cope with his grief and died a year after the death of his wife.

Today it is difficult to imagine what Siberia was like in those days: “the bottom of the bag”, “the end of the world”, “far away lands”. For the fastest courier - a month's journey. Off-road conditions, river floods, snowstorms and chilling horror of Siberian convicts - murderers and thieves.

Student: The first - the very next day - followed the convict husband on the journey Ekaterina Ivanovna Trubetskaya . In Krasnoyarsk, the carriage broke down and the guide fell ill. The princess continues her journey alone, in a tarantass. In Irkutsk, the governor intimidates her for a long time, demands - again after the capital! - written renunciation of all rights, Trubetskoy signs it, a few days later the governor announces former princess, which will continue to walk the tightrope together with criminals. She agrees...

Six thousand miles of journey behind - and the woman is in the Blagodatsky mine, where her husband mines lead. When Trubetskaya, through a crack in the prison fence, saw her husband in shackles, in a short, ragged and dirty sheepskin coat, thin and pale, she fainted. Trubetskoy's life was on the verge of poverty. Accustomed to gourmet cuisine, Trubetskoy at one time ate only black bread, washed down with kvass. This spoiled aristocrat walked in worn-out shoes and froze her feet, because from her warm shoes she sewed a hat for one of her husband’s comrades to protect his head from rock fragments falling in the mine.

The years in exile dragged on slowly. Moscow and St. Petersburg became increasingly distant memories. In 1854, Trubetskoy died in Siberia.

Few Decembrists lived to see the amnesty that came in 1856, after 30 years of exile. Of the 11 women who followed their husbands to Siberia, three stayed here forever. Alexandrina Muravyova, Kamilla Ivasheva, Ekaterina Trubetskaya.

This dedication of the wives of the Decembrists, their mental strength and attracted the attention of the great Russian writer Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. He penetrates deeper and deeper into the recent past of his native history, studies everything that has been written about the Decembrists, asks everyone who can tell him something about them and decides to write the poem “Russian Women”. He knew that the son of the Decembrist Volkonsky, Mikhail Sergeevich, had “Notes” from his mother, and persuaded him to read these “Notes” to him.

“At 3 pm the reading was finished,” said Volkonsky, “I remember how at the same time Nikolai Alekseevich jumped up several times in the evening and with the words “enough, I can’t” ran to the fireplace, sat down by it and, clutching his head with his hands, cried like a child."

With great enthusiasm he wrote a poem about Russian women! He wrote about the feat that very young women accomplished. They were spoiled by wealth, not accustomed to hardships, to work, but these were Russian women about whom Nekrasov said: “if they don’t fail in trouble, they will save them,” and when this trouble came, when it was necessary to decide how to act honestly and correctly in life, without a moment’s hesitation, they went to distant Siberia.

– Which Decembrist women did he talk about in the poem “Russian Women”?

/Trubetskoy and Volkonskaya/

How humanly truthful and moving his images are!

Trubetskoy and Volkonskaya, as if alive, pass before us on the pages of the poem, we seem to hear their brave voices, experience their torment and suffering with them, and admire their firmness.

At home we read the chapter “Princess Trubetskoy”.

At the beginning of the poem “Princess Trubetskaya” Nekrasov paints an accurate, albeit condensed, picture of the uprising on Senate Square.

– How does the poet show the heroism of the Decembrists, their inflexibility and courage? (The Decembrists respond to the hypocritical entreaties of the Tsar and the Tsar’s servants with proud contempt and steadfastly repulse the attacks of government troops. “New regiments have arrived...”)

– Do the rebel troops succumb to the metropolitan’s false persuasion? (No. “Go away old man! Pray for us! You have no business here”)

– What leads to the defeat of the rebels? (The Tsar’s brutal order to shoot at the rebels point-blank from cannons)

The mention of the tsar could not be allowed by censorship, and for printing this last line Nekrasov had to soften: “A loud voice was heard: “Pa-li!”

When creating the image of Trubetskoy, Nekrasov used meager and scattered data. The most significant source for him was Rosen's Notes.

– Where does the poem begin? (From a description of Trubetskoy’s trip to Siberia)

– What does she picture in the memories that come to her on the road alone, half asleep? (She pictures her past: a brilliant social life, the fun of balls, where she delights everyone with her beauty, marriage, a trip with her husband abroad, to Italy)

“But Trubetskoy woke up from memories and dreams of the past. What does she see? (Sad pictures of Russian reality).

Nekrasov did not strive to sketch a historical portrait of the “Decembrist women”. For him, the “Decembrists” are, first of all, progressive Russian women. He endows his heroines not only with the traits of courage and noble dedication, but also shows their ardent sympathy for the people, thereby emphasizing the need to appeal to the people, from whom the Decembrists were far away.

Dreams of the past were not only sweet, but also heavy and terrible.

– Remember the description of Trubetskoy in prison during a meeting with her husband? (Expressive reading of dialogue).

– What is Trubetskoy like in this episode? (Nekrasov depicted not only hatred and contempt for the Tsar and secular society, but also Trubetskoy’s readiness for revenge and struggle)

It's been almost two months now.
Constantly day and night on the road.
A wonderfully well-coordinated cart,
But the end of the road is far away!
The princess's companion is so tired,
That he fell ill near Irkutsk,
After waiting for him for two days, she
One rushed further...

– What event is the 2nd part of the poem dedicated to? (Meeting of the princess and the governor)

The meeting with the Irkutsk governor grows in the poem into an exciting dramatic scene, which deeply describes the heroic character of the Russian woman.

– What is the governor trying to do? (Retain, show how dangerous a trip to Siberia is, persuade to return back)

– What kind of future does Governor Trubetskoy paint? (Our side is barren, the spring is short, the winter is long / 8 months / people are callous in soul, in freedom there are only warnaki / escaped convicts / you won’t have to see your husband. The governor scares Trubetskoy with death:

But you won't live there:
That climate will kill you!)
– Is Trubetskoy afraid of death?
(May death be destined for me -
I have nothing to regret!
I'm going, I'm going! I have to
To die near my husband...)

– What could this fragile woman do with the fear of death?

– And when the governor draws two paths in front of her: Siberia and St. Petersburg:

Here is stale bread, prison, shame,
Need and eternal oppression.
And there are balls, a brilliant courtyard,
Freedom and honor

Which path does she choose? What made her follow her husband, abandoning a prosperous secular life? (The selfless love for her husband that nature endowed these lovely women makes her refuse. And, of course, duty. How could she leave her husband in such difficult moments.) No wonder she exclaims:

No! I'm not a pathetic fish!
I am a woman, a wife!
Let my fate be bitter -
I will be faithful to her.

Let's listen to the exciting lines of the poem. (Text recording sounds)

Then the governor, in order to keep Trubetskoy, uses one of the most powerful means in his opinion.

-What kind of remedy is this? (You must sign a waiver of your rights).

– Why did he consider this the most powerful remedy? (Not every princess can become a beggar, a simple woman)

– Does the princess think this reason is convincing? (No! Quoting text)

But even after the abdication, the governor does not give Trubetskoy horses. The governor says that she will go along with the convicts.

– How do you see Trubetskoy at these moments? (Determined, she is ready to go on a difficult journey along the stage along with convicts in chains)

– Have you noticed that the governor has changed in relation to Trubetskoy? What caused this change? (He is captivated by her selflessness and love for her husband. “A tear rolled down from under her hand onto her gray mustache.” He cannot, and does not want to, tyrannize this brave woman. He gives her horses so that Trubetskoy continues her journey)

Nekrasov’s Princess Trubetskoy is a generalized image, like other wives of the Decembrists. Nekrasov endows them with the traits of that heroic dedication, that decisive, fighting character, examples of which he saw in the best people of his time.

Captivating images! Hardly
In the history of any country
Have you ever seen anything more beautiful?
Their names must not be forgotten!

They are not forgotten today, this is the merit of N.A. Nekrasov, who immortalized these great women in his poem.

These fragile-looking women did their best to ease the situation for the men. They cooked food for everyone, did laundry, and did upholstery. They were the first to sow millet, barley, buckwheat, tobacco, tomatoes and even cherry trees on these lands. But most importantly, they wrote letters to their homeland, since this was strictly forbidden to the Decembrists themselves. And they lived together with their husbands in dungeons.

“The casemate united us together,” recalled Bestuzhev, “gave us support in each other and, finally, through our angels - saviors, ladies, united us with that world from which we were forever torn political death, united us with our relatives, gave us the desire to live... finally, gave us material means of subsistence and provided moral food for our spiritual life.”

These great women went into captivity with their husbands with special strength of grief. Boyars and princesses who laid down their rank and title, but took with them their power female soul and great beauty, tempered in fire and smoke rough work. They served their husbands - the princes, bearing both them and their “trouble”. And the husbands, kneeling before this new beauty for them, courageously bore punishment. For their husbands, as it is sung in Chuevsky’s romance, they were that star, the most cherished, the most beautiful, the rays of which illuminated their convict life.

/The romance “Shine, Shine, My Star...”/

Prepare an oral answer to the question: What attracted me to the images of the Decembrists.

The poem “Russian Women” by N. A. Nekrasov glorifies the feat of the wives of the Decembrists. In the lesson materials you will find a brief historical information about the Decembrist uprising and its sad consequences. Careful, thoughtful reading of the text will help you analyze the images of the main characters of the poem: Ekaterina Trubetskoy and Maria Volkonskaya.

They showed their contemporaries an example worthy of emulation. Before them, only peasant women went into exile with their husbands. They were the first of the noblewomen, and from the most eminent noble families, to follow their husbands into exile, abandoning their families, children, friends, their mansions and servants. They understood that they were leaving to a place where they would have to become equal to the same peasant women - wash, cook, sew themselves. They were not embarrassed by the pleas of their relatives, the misunderstanding of society, or the threats of the authorities. They abandoned their titles to do their duty. Their action caused a huge resonance and became an example for many.

The feat of the Decembrists was sung by N. A. Nekrasov in the poem “Russian Women”.

There were 11 of them, but Nekrasov in the poem spoke only about the first ones, for whom it was almost the most difficult: they “they paved the way for others” - this is Ekaterina Trubetskaya and Maria Volkonskaya.

Rice. 2. Wives of the Decembrists ()

Compositionally, the poem is divided into two parts:

1. Princess M.N. Volkonskaya.

Poem idea expressed by Nekrasov in the words:

High and holy is their unforgettable feat!

They are like guardian angels

Were a constant support

To the exiles in the days of suffering.

According to contemporaries, Ekaterina Ivanovna Trubetskaya, née Countess Lavl, was not a beauty - short, plump, but charming, cheerful, with a beautiful voice. In Paris in 1819, Catherine Laval met Prince Sergei Petrovich Trubetskoy and a year later married him.

Trubetskoy was ten years older than her and was considered an enviable groom: noble, rich, smart, educated, went through the war with Napoleon and rose to the rank of colonel. His career was going uphill, and Catherine had a chance to become a general.

Five years after the wedding, it suddenly became clear that Sergei Trubetskoy and his friends were preparing an uprising.

Trubetskoy was the first of the Decembrist wives to achieve the decision to leave for Siberia. The journey was very long. The authorities put up obstacles. For example, Trubetskaya spent 5 months in Irkutsk, because... Governor Zeidler received an order from St. Petersburg to persuade her to return back. However, Ekaterina Ivanovna was firm in her decision.

Rice. 3. Princess Trubetskoy ()

The image of Princess Trubetskoy in the poem.

In the poem, N. A. Nekrasov talks about the difficult journey of Princess Trubetskoy to Siberia and her heroic opposition to the Irkutsk governor.

The story is told in 3rd person. Thus, the main task of the author is not only to talk about the events, but also to evaluate the actions of the heroine, her feat as a woman.

The poem begins with a scene of farewell to his father:

The Count himself adjusted the pillows,

I put a bear cavity at my feet,

Making a prayer, icon

Hung it in the right corner

And - he began to sob... Princess-daughter...

Going somewhere this night...

Nekrasov emphasizes how father and daughter love each other. But, having got married, having made a vow of fidelity before God to be with her husband in sorrow and in joy, Trubetskoy makes a decision:

Oh, God knows!... But the duty is different,

And higher and more difficult,

He's calling me... Sorry, dear!

Don't shed unnecessary tears!

My path is long, my path is hard,

My fate is terrible,

But I covered my chest with steel...

Be proud - I am your daughter!

Thus, from the first lines of the poem, Nekrasov identifies in the character of the heroine such features as courage, determination, fortitude.

Catherine says goodbye to the past, to the cheerful and rich life of an aristocrat. Says goodbye to his native St. Petersburg, to his father’s house:

Happy my youth

Passed within your walls,

I loved your balls

Skiing from steep mountains,

I loved the splash of your Neva

In the evening silence,

And this square in front of her

With a hero on horseback...

We see that Catherine was very cheerful.

In the memories of the heroine’s youth, the following lines may be incomprehensible:

And you be damned, gloomy house,

Where is the first quadrille

I danced... That hand

It still burns my hand...

Rejoice. . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .?

About whose hand we're talking about? Who is the heroine cursing?

Ekaterina Trubetskaya remembers her first ball, where she danced her very first dance with Grand Duke Nikolai Pavlovich, the future Emperor Nicholas I, who began his reign with the massacre of the Decembrists. In the poem he acts as an executioner.

Rice. 4. Russian Emperor Nicholas I (1796-1855) ()

Childhood memories

Wealth, shine! High house

On the banks of the Neva,

The staircase is covered with carpet,

There are lions in front of the entrance,

The magnificent hall is elegantly decorated,

Everything is on fire.

O joy! today is a children's ball,

Chu! the music is booming!

Memories of meeting my husband and happy life with him

Another time, another ball

She dreams: in front of her

A handsome young man stands

He whispers something to her...

Then again balls, balls...

She is their mistress

They have dignitaries, ambassadors,

They have all the fashionable world...

Memories of a trip to Italy with my husband

And so she left

With your chosen one.

Before her is a wonderful country,

Before her is eternal Rome...

But the princess feels happy only in her dreams. Upon awakening reality strikes her with tragedy and bitterness:

Chu, heard ahead

A sad ringing - a shackled ringing!

Hey, coachman, wait!

Then the party of exiles is coming,

My chest ached more painfully,

The princess gives them money,

Thank you, bon voyage!

For a long, long time their faces

They dream later

And she can’t drive away her thoughts,

Don't forget about sleep!

Here to the qualities main character we must of course add features such as mercy, kindness.

Thus, the story about the heroine is built on an antithesis: the opposition of a wonderful dream and a terrible reality.

Long way, long time for memories. The princess recalls the tragic day of the uprising and its dire consequences, recalls how she came to the dungeon on a date with her husband. It is known that Trubetskoy knew about the impending uprising. In the poem, she is shown by Nekrasov as not only loving and faithful wife. This is an independent person, thinking, analyzing. Returning from a trip to Italy, Trubetskoy compares this beautiful, free country with wretched and unhappy Russia:

There is a row of paintings in front of her

Downtrodden, driven country:

Stern gentleman

And a pathetic working man

With my head down...

As the first one got used to rule,

How the second one slaves!

Catherine turns to her husband with a question:

Tell me, is the whole region really like this?

Is there no contentment in the shadow?..

You are in the kingdom of beggars and slaves! -

The short answer was...

Here we must add to the characterization of the heroine the following features: independence; observation; inquisitive mind; love of freedom.

Nekrasov emphasizes that Trubetskoy shares her husband’s views. Her decision to follow him was dictated not only by love, but also by courage. civic position. That's why the climax of the poem became the episode “Meeting of Trubetskoy with the Irkutsk Governor.”

The princess has covered almost five thousand miles and suddenly faces an obstacle: the Irkutsk governor does not allow her to continue further. The forces are unequal. On the one hand - Princess Trubetskoy, a young, fragile, defenseless woman. On the other hand, the Irkutsk governor, representative state power (« Princess, here I am the king"), wise with worldly and professional experience, he is no longer a young man.

And Princess Trubetskoy wins this fight. This brave, young, defenseless, powerless woman. How much determination she has! What courage! What a character!

No! I'm not a pathetic slave

I am a woman, a wife!

Let my fate be bitter -

I will be faithful to her!

Oh, if only he forgot me

For a woman, different

There would be enough strength in my soul

Don't be his slave!

But I know: love for the homeland

My rival

And if necessary, again

I would forgive him!..

By carefully reading the poem, the reader understands what the weakness of the Irkutsk governor is. He tries to bring Trubetskoy back, following the Tsar’s orders, intimidates her with terrible trials, but in his heart he sympathizes with her and admires her courage:

How I tormented you... My God!..

(From under the hand onto the gray mustache

A tear rolled down).

Sorry! yes, I tormented you,

But I suffered too,

But I had strict orders

Putting barriers for you!

It is this moment that explains why the authorities were so opposed to the decision of the wives of the Decembrists. It meant moral support prisoners, aroused sympathy among many. The authorities, represented by Tsar Nicholas I, did not want anyone to sympathize with the Decembrists.

Nekrasov admires his heroine, her willpower, feeling self-esteem and fearlessness.

In the poem, Trubetskoy was detained in Irkutsk for only 2 weeks. In fact, she stayed there for 5 months. It was here that the second Decembrist, M.N., caught up with her. Volkonskaya, to whom the second part of the poem “Russian Women” is dedicated.

1. Didactic materials on literature grade 7. Author - Korovina V.Ya. - 2008
2. Homework on literature for grade 7 (Korovina). Author - Tishchenko O.A. - 2012
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5. Textbook on literature 7th grade. Part 2. Author - Korovina V.Ya. - 2009
6. Textbook-reader on literature 7th grade. Authors: Ladygin M.B., Zaitseva O.N. - 2012
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2. Dictionaries. Literary terms and concepts ().
3. N. A. Nekrasov. Russian women ().
4. Nekrasov N. A. Biography, life history, creativity ().
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6. Story Russian Empire. Wives of the Decembrists ().
7. Dictionary Russian language ().

1. Prepare expressive reading excerpts from N. A. Nekrasov’s poem “Russian Women” “Trubetskoy’s conversation with the Irkutsk governor”
2. Think about why Nekrasov called the poem not “Decembrist Women”, but “Russian Women”.

A gallery of female images occupies a special place in the work of N. Nekrasov. In his poems the poet described not only women noble origin, but also simple peasant women. Special Interest Nekrasov had to do with the fate of the wives of the Decembrists. Below will be presented a description of Princess Trubetskoy.

The history of the poem

Before proceeding with the characterization of Princess Trubetskoy, the reader should learn about the history of writing the poem "Russian Women". It consists of two parts. The central character of the first part is Ekaterina Ivanovna. The first poem was written in 1871 and published in the journal Otechestvennye zapiski in 1872.

Before this, Nekrasov met Mikhail, the son of Maria Volkonskaya, the heroine of the second part of the poem. His memoirs, as well as “Notes of a Decembrist,” written by Andrei Rosen, served as material for the poem “Grandfather.” The publication of this work did not weaken Nekrasov’s interest in the fate of the wives of the Decembrists.

In the winter of 1871, he began collecting material for the poem "Russian Women." While writing, the poet faced several difficulties - censorship and virtually no facts about the life of Ekaterina Ivanovna. Because of this, according to some contemporaries, the characterization of Princess Trubetskoy slightly did not coincide with the real image. But the lack of facts was compensated by the imagination of the poet, who imagined her departure.

The first part of the poem "Russian Women. Princess Trubetskaya" begins with Ekaterina Ivanovna's farewell to her father. The brave woman followed her husband to Siberia. On the way to Irkutsk, the heroine recalls her childhood, carefree youth, balls, how she got married and traveled with her husband.

The following describes the meeting between the princess and the governor of Irkutsk. There is a confrontation between Trubetskoy and the governor. He is trying to scare a woman with the hardships of the journey, the conditions hard labor. He says she will have to give up everything she has. But nothing stops a brave woman. Then the governor, admiring her courage and loyalty, gives permission to leave the city.

The act of Princess Trubetskoy

The key moment of the poem is the confrontation with the governor, in which the woman’s character is revealed. Knowing that her husband was sentenced to indefinite hard labor for participating in the Decembrist uprising, she decides to go after him. In “Princess Trubetskoy,” Nekrasov told how the governor tried by all means to dissuade Ekaterina Ivanovna from this decision.

To do this, he tries to play on her family feelings, saying that the decision to go to Siberia is disastrous for her father. But the princess replies that despite all her love for her father, her wife’s duty is more important to her. Then the governor begins to describe to her all the hardships of the journey, warning that the road is so difficult that it could undermine her health. But even this does not frighten the purposeful Ekaterina Trubetskoy.

The governor tries to intimidate her with stories about the dangers of life with convicts, reminds her of the prosperous life she led. The princess remains adamant. Then he says that by following her husband, she is deprived of all rights and no longer belongs to noble class, and the princess will get to the Nerchinsk mines under escort. But Trubetskoy is ready to sign all the papers, if only she could see her husband.

Struck and admired by her fortitude, courage, devotion to her husband and sense of duty, the governor tells her the truth. He was tasked with stopping her by any means necessary. Finally, he gives her permission to leave Irkutsk to join her husband.

The image of the princess in the poem

Among the critical comments to the work were those concerning the image of the main character. Many noted that the characterization of Princess Trubetskoy given in the poem did not quite correspond to the real image of Ekaterina Ivanovna. But perhaps the poet did not strive to accurately convey Trubetskoy’s character. He managed to show the courage of her action.

The image of Princess Trubetskoy in the poem “Russian Women” turned out to be bright and expressive. Ekaterina Ivanovna is shown as brave and decisive, ready to overcome all obstacles. She is faithful and loving wife, for which marriage ties most important.

For her, society is just a gathering hypocritical people, cowards who were afraid to join the Decembrists. Readiness for difficulties, the belief that they can overcome everything with their husband, the desire to be his support - this is how we see the image of Princess Trubetskoy, who amazed Nekrasov.

Decoration

The poem "Russian Women. Princess Trubetskoy" consists of two parts, written in iambic. This adds dynamism and tension to the story. At the beginning, the scene of the heroine’s farewell to her father and her memories of childhood, youth, and marriage are shown. The second part describes a meeting between Trubetskoy and the governor of Irkutsk, during which she shows will and perseverance.

A feature of the first part of the poem “Russian Women. Princess Trubetskoy” is the mixture of “dream and reality.” The heroine looks at winter road, then suddenly falls into a dream in which he remembers important points life. According to some literary scholars, the poet deliberately structured the first part this way. This shows that the princess is overwhelmed by an emotional impulse, a desire to meet her husband quickly. When writing this poem, Nekrasov relied on the memories of people who knew Ekaterina Ivanovna, and on “Notes of the Decembrist” by A. Rosen.

Before the Decembrist uprising

Princess Trubetskoy was born Countess Laval, the daughter of a French emigrant and heiress to capital I.S. Myasnikov. Parents provided Catherine and her sisters with a carefree childhood. They were never denied anything, received an excellent education and could long time live with parents in Europe.

According to the descriptions of contemporaries, Catherine Laval was not considered a beauty, but she had a unique charm. In 1819, in Paris, she met Prince Sergei Petrovich Trubetskoy. In 1820 the couple got married. Everyone considered the prince an enviable groom. He was of noble origin, rich, fought with Napoleon, intelligent, and had the rank of colonel. Ekaterina Ivanovna had every chance of becoming a general. After 5 years family life she learns about her husband's participation in the Decembrist uprising.

The princess's decision to go after her husband

Ekaterina Ivanovna was one of the first wives who managed to obtain permission to follow their husbands to Siberia. In 1826, she reached Irkutsk, where for some time she was in the dark about where her husband was. Governor Zeidler received orders to dissuade Trubetskoy from her decision.

The woman stayed in Irkutsk for 5 months before she was allowed to go to her husband in the Nerchinsky mines. In 1845, the Trubetskoy family received permission to settle in Irkutsk. The main centers of the Irkutsk Decembrists were the houses of Trubetskoy and Volkonsky. Ekaterina Ivanovna, according to the memoirs of her contemporaries, was smart, educated, charming and unusually warm-hearted.

The poem "Princess Trubetskaya" by Nekrasov showed all the strength and fortitude of Russian women.

N. Nekrasov devoted most of his works to the plight of the Russian people, and as a rule, the difficult one. If you look at all the answer options to this question, the only correct one will be the letter A) - “Russian women”. It is dedicated to the courage, courage and love of women who followed their Decembrist husbands to Siberia. Let me remind you that at that time it was almost completely undeveloped, but now it is good there and Siberians do not want to move from their cities to other parts of the Russian Federation. There, people and especially exiles died from hunger, cold, disease and backbreaking work.

It must be assumed that the poem called “Mother” could be dedicated specifically to the mother, and not to the wives, just as the poem “Motherland” is also dedicated to the “Motherland”.

The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” even tells about the journey of seven men, and they certainly could not have been the wives of the Decembrists.

the option “Russian Women” remains, and indeed, in this poem we follow the fates of Ekaterina Trubetskoy and Maria Volkonskaya, Russian women who followed their husbands to Siberia, showing great courage and love.

This poem by N. A. Nekrasov is dedicated to the women of the Decembrists...?

A. Russian women.

V. Who lives well in Rus'?

D. Homeland.

This poem by Nekrasov is divided into two large parts, each of which is dedicated to a specific woman: the first part - to Princess Trubetskoy, the second - to Princess Volkonskaya.

The author shows the courage, honesty, openness and courage of these bright representatives of Russian aristocratic society in the face of life's adversities, their inflexibility in their decision to share the fate of their spouses.

This work by Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is dedicated to heroic women - the wives of the Decembrists, who followed their husbands into exile to distant Siberia.

This work consists of two completely independent parts. The first is dedicated to Ekaterina Trubetskoy, and the second includes the memories of Maria Volkonskaya.

Everyone knows the poem with the letter B, it’s definitely not about the Decembrist wives. I have not read the poem “Mother” and Motherland” by Nikolai Nekrasov, but I am sure that they are just as imbued with love and pity for their country and their people as the others. And about the courageous and beautiful wives of the Decembrists, Nekrasov wrote the poem “Russian Women”.

N.A. Nekrasov dedicated a poem to the women of the Decembrists, and in it he sang, I’m not afraid of this word, the feat of the wives of the Decembrists. Leaving a prosperous life unencumbered by care and going into exile with your husband in Siberia in order to support him is worth a lot. And the poem is called “Russian Women”.

Naturally, the theme of the Decembrists occupies a significant place in the work of the famous Russian poet Nikolai Nekrasov. And he also wrote a lot about the wives of the Decembrists.

The correct answer to this question is option A) Poem Russian Women.

The question is actually not difficult if you are familiar with the work of this famous writer. And we have known his works since school.

The correct answer is under the letter A, these are Russian women.

Nikolai Nekrasov’s poem “Russian Women” is a hymn to female devotion, courage and self-sacrifice. After the defeat of the 1825 uprising, many Decembrists were exiled to Siberia, and soon they were followed by their wives, who voluntarily renounced their noble privileges, dooming themselves to suffering and poverty. Many of them parted with their children, leaving them in the care of their relatives and not hoping to ever meet them again. Not everyone supported the women in this decision; many simply did not understand and even reproached them for the thoughtlessness of their action.

The poem “Russian Women” amazes the reader with a story about the courage, nobility and fortitude of the wives of the Decembrists. The poem is written in a language that evokes a strong emotional response in the reader's soul. The first part of the poem tells about Princess Trubetskoy, the second - about Princess Volkonskaya. They leave normal life, their family and friends for the sake of a distant and frightening trip to Siberia to see their husbands.

On the way, they often have to remember their happy youth, spent in luxury and prosperity. Many difficulties await them on the road, which, however, are not able to stop them and force them to turn back. Having decided to leave after their husbands, noble ladies lost all the advantages of their position. They lost the right to inheritance and could not count on a prosperous life. But even this did not frighten the fearless women.

The conversations between Princess Trubetskoy and the governor during the meeting held in Irkutsk are very interesting. The governor is trying in every possible way to dissuade the “unreasonable” young woman from such a risky act. But she is not affected by stories about a terrible land where she will have to live among convicts. She is also not afraid of the prospect of going to her own husband on foot, as convicts are sent. As a result, the governor is forced to release the princess. A woman is not afraid of the imminent inevitable death that awaits her in a foreign, distant land. What does such determination indicate? About amazing courage and fortitude. On the one hand, it’s impossible not to admire this. On the other hand, the wives of the Decembrists appear to be some special creatures. They seem to draw a line between themselves and the people around them. Now there is no turning back for them. Now they become as powerless as their husbands. The feat of these women is truly great.

Princess Volkonskaya leaves her little son. She is unable to abandon her husband and live as before. Now it’s like a brand on her, forever separating her from those around her. In a conversation with the governor of Irkutsk, Princess Trubetskoy denies the possibility of returning to social life. She angrily rejects all suggestions that she might still like someone.

What will I find there? Hypocrisy

Desecrated honor

Sassy trash celebration

And petty revenge.

The princess says that secular society has not attracted her for a long time, she does not want to see “corrupt and stupid” people. And now her husband seems completely special person, favorably different from everyone around. The Decembrists appear in the eyes of their wives as martyrs, almost saints. Of course, not every person will be able to appreciate the spiritual feat of the wives of the Decembrists. After all, one can even condemn them and say that this act was, at the very least, ridiculous and senseless. In the name of what was such a sacrifice made?

The answer to this question is quite simple. In the name of love. The wives of the Decembrists wanted to be close to their loved ones, to share the suffering that befell them. They were not afraid of hardships and hardships; they wanted to brighten up the lives of the prisoners with their presence. And to some extent they succeeded.

The poem tells about two women whose characters have a lot in common. They are amazingly strong in spirit, despite their fragile appearance and lack of life experience. They are still very young, they have their whole lives ahead of them. But they see their place next to their husband. The feat of the wives of the Decembrists is a feat in the name of love, honor and duty. Not every woman is capable of taking such a step, which is why these brave and noble women are admired even centuries later.