In all languages of the world there are special offers- exclamation marks. They are usually used to express strong emotions, which are delight, surprise, anger and others. Examples of exclamatory sentences are often found in fiction, in poetry, in letters and diaries. IN scientific texts finding them is almost impossible. There are no examples of exclamatory sentences in them. Scientific articles written in a neutral emotional style.
Types of exclamation sentences
Exclamation and ellipsis
There are other combinations of characters at the end of sentences. For example, in the literature, some authors use both an exclamation and an ellipsis. Such phrases should prompt the reader to think deeply; in essence, such sentences are extremely similar to rhetorical questions with an exclamation. “And then she appeared at the door!.. She captivated me with her beauty, her face lit up with a smile, and the whole world around sparkled with joy and happiness!..”
Exclamatory sentence
A very interesting option is to use such phrases in the work. Such phrases differ from others in that they have practically no emotional connotation, but contain an order, request, invitation, greeting or proposal. Usually these sentences lack subjects. Intonationally similar constructions do not have to be pronounced with pronounced emotions. However, a mark at the end of a request or order indicates that it is an exclamation clause. Examples of similar constructions in Russian are quite common. They are present in the dialogues of the heroes of works of art.
An order in an exclamatory sentence
In some constructions, the placement of punctuation marks is determined not by the emotional connotation of the statement, but historical traditions. Therefore, when the author of a work of art uses an order, he draws up a sentence with an exclamation mark. Examples of such phrases can be pronounced in a calm tone and even in a whisper, but the use of an exclamation mark is necessary here. "Stand! - Petrovich ordered the captured Fritz walking ahead of him in a whisper. - Don't turn around! Even if the order is given in a calm, even tone, an exclamation mark must be placed at the end of the phrase. For example, “Team, stand at attention!” or “Get up, the trial is coming!”
Request and suggestion
Traditions explain some other features of punctuation in the Russian language. For example, an exclamation mark at the end of a phrase adds a special emotional connotation to a request.
Invitation and address in an exclamatory sentence
There is one more rule of punctuation. It dictates that there is often an exclamation point at the end of the invitation. This fact is a sign of elementary politeness and a culture of written communication. Therefore, when reading a context with an invitation, for example to a wedding or a picnic, you should not use exclamation intonation at all.
- “Natalya Pavlovna! Georgy Matveevich! Come to the evening dedicated to the celebration of our silver wedding at the Cosmos restaurant!”
- “Dear high school students! Come October 23rd to " autumn ball", which will take place in assembly hall schools!
Greetings and wishes in an exclamatory sentence
The rules for writing letters are very important for both ordinary people, and for authors of works of art. To understand the placement of punctuation marks at the end of sentences, you should pay attention to one interesting feature: very often a greeting or wish is expressed by a verb form imperative mood. These are the words “hello!”, “be healthy!” Therefore, these sentences are perceived as a request, which also historically has an exclamation mark at the end. Often a farewell is written in a similar way in a letter. For example, "Goodbye, my dears!" or " Good night, dear friend! I wish you sweet dreams!"
Exclamatory sentences in Russian they serve to enhance the emotionality of texts, messages, and comments. So how to give intonation color to the characters’ statements in works of art is possible only with the help of punctuation marks, then the authors have no choice but to use exclamation marks, question marks and their combinations.
An exclamatory sentence is a sentence pronounced in a special raised tone, with the so-called exclamatory intonation. Exclamatory sentences can contain a message, a question, an incentive, to which is added an expression of a strong feeling. An exclamation point is placed at the end of an exclamatory sentence. For example: Ah, it really is dawn! (Gr.)* What a beauty! (Ch.). Hang him! (T.).
Exercise 478. Read the sentences below expressively. Explain punctuation marks.
1. Hunting with a gun and a dog is wonderful in itself (T.). 2. Have you prepared everything for swimming? (Poppy.). 3. Aren’t you offended? (M.G.). 4. Don’t you dare annoy me! (Ch.). 5. You are probably unwell, young man? (Cupr.). 6. Sing, little light, don’t be ashamed! (Kr.). 7. How extraordinary this girl on the truck was! And the character! And what eyes! (Fad.). 8. My friend, let’s dedicate our souls to our homeland with wonderful impulses! (P.). 9. Let the new day overtake yesterday with its cheerful, joyful work! (L.-K-)- Yu- Listen, let me go... Drop me off somewhere... I’ve never been in such cases... First time... I’ll be lost... (M.G. ).
Exercise 479. Select narrative, interrogative and incentive sentences.
1. Come on, Marina, don’t argue about this (Shol.). 2. Sleep, my beautiful baby! (L.). 3. What do you want from me? (Fad.). 4. She looked into my eyes with her deep and calm eyes (L.). 5. Why do you have such a distrust of facts? (M.G.). 6. There is silence in the air from morning to evening (Ch.). 7. You should get treatment (M.G.). 8. Let's go, mom, for a walk (Gonch.). 9. Who should come here? After all, Sophia is sleeping? (Gr.). 10. But in St. Petersburg who is not pale, right? (L.).
Exercise 480. Put necessary signs punctuation at the end of sentences.
1. Where are you running, gossip, without looking back (Kr.)* 2. What did he do, who is he and where is this most humane person from (V.M.).
- Fortunately, due to the unsuccessful hunt, our horses were not exhausted (L.). 4. Don’t you recognize me (P.). 5. Long live the sun, may the darkness disappear (P.). 6. Wonderful man Ivan Ivanovich (G.). 7. Who will pay me for my work (Ch.). 8. How good you are, O night sea (Tutch.). 9. Would you like some tea (M. G.). 10. Forward, forward, working people (Bl.).
An exclamatory sentence is a sentence characterized by emotional overtones and increased expressiveness. Exclamatory sentences are distinguished by a specific intonation and timbre coloring; compare: Fire! We're on fire! They often contain interjections, particles, exclamatory pronominal words; compare: Well done! Oh, these are my helpers! That's what he told you! What a rain! What a scientist he is! Who didn't he ask?
Exclamatory sentences can be constructed according to special syntactic models with lost or weakened grammatical and lexical meanings components; compare: This motorcycle was given to you! Found time to dream! Many exclamatory sentences are characterized by reverse (inverse) word order; compare: My little head is gone! He will understand you! How sweet the south wind! IN writing An exclamation point is placed at the end of an exclamatory sentence.
Sentences of all communicative types can be used as exclamatory sentences: narrative, imperative and interrogative. At the same time general content proposals are modified to one degree or another. In some cases, exclamation serves to express a high degree of attribute and enhance the degree of categoricalness of a statement or expression of will; compare: What a heavy rain! He will arrive tomorrow! Come back immediately! When did this happen! In other cases - with a different intonation - an exclamatory sentence can be understood in a meaning opposite to that conveyed by the literal meaning of the words.
Thus, affirmative narrative exclamatory sentences acquire negative value or express the speaker’s negative attitude towards what is being communicated; compare: I'm going to get upset because of him!(=I won’t); She will go with you!(=won't go); You understand a lot!(=you don’t understand anything). A similar meaning of expressively colored negation can be expressed by interrogative non-negative sentences; compare: Why did he go there?(=there was no need to walk); What gardens these are!(= these are not gardens); Who needs it!(=no one needs); How do I know!(=I don’t know), while negative exclamatory sentences express an expressively colored statement; compare: Who doesn't know this!(=everyone knows); Where has he not been?(=been everywhere).
According to the degree of emotional coloring, sentences are classified into two types: exclamatory and non-exclamatory. The ability to correctly determine which one is suitable for a particular case will allow you to correctly understand the essence of the sentence and read it with with the right intonation and add the required punctuation mark at the end.
Non-exclamatory sentences are those that imply an ordinary, everyday tone and the absence of a strong emotional component. At the end of such sentences there is a period. For example: It has been raining all day today. According to the schedule, the train will arrive in two hours.
Exclamatory sentences are sentences that convey strong feelings and the speaker's emotions.
For example: We are very happy!
There is an exclamation point at the end of these sentences, and grammatical means the formats are as follows:
- Intonation expressing joy, delight, sadness, surprise, anger, excitement, fear and other pronounced feelings. Pronunciation of exclamatory sentences is carried out in a higher tone, with emphasis on the word that is in to a greater extent gives an emotional coloring.
- Interjections.
- Exclamatory particles of pronominal, adverbial or interjectional origin, giving the statement a characteristic emotional coloring: oh, well, well, how, where how, what for, which and others.
Using three exclamation marks Usually, by using 3 exclamation marks at the end of a sentence, the author expresses high degree emotional excitement. This way you can express joy or delight, anger or indignation. Sentences “Get out!!!” or “Go away and don’t come back!!!” talk about the deep feelings of the person who expresses them.
