"WITH good morning! Sergey Yesenin

Dozed off golden stars,
The mirror of the backwater trembled,
The light is dawning on the river backwaters
And blushes the sky grid.

Smiled sleepy birch trees,
Silk braids were disheveled.
Green earrings rustle
And the silver dews burn.

The fence is overgrown with nettles
Dressed in bright mother of pearl
And, swaying, whispers playfully:
"Good morning!"

The poem “Good Morning” was written by Yesenin in 1914, at the very beginning of his creative path, therefore, not marked by either mental turmoil or melancholy. The poet is twenty years old, he recently arrived in the capital from the village, and so far in his works one can only see the beauty of nature, which he understands almost as well as the Creator, plus the daring of youth and some sentimentality.

"Singer native village“,” “Russian nature” - these cliches thoroughly stuck to Sergei Yesenin during his lifetime. No one before or after him managed to convey not only the beauty, but also the dreary charm of the village; make the reader feel like he is there - in the described forest, on the shore of a lake or next to a hut.

"Good morning" - lyrical work, landscape lyrics.

Subject: description of dawn - a calm and beautiful natural phenomenon, the awakening of nature under the first rays of the summer sun.

The poem is rich figurative and expressive means , so many colors fit into four stanzas that the early morning is clearly visible to the reader.

Fascinating from the very beginning alliteration:“The golden stars have fallen asleep, The mirror of the backwater has trembled, Light is dawning on the river backwaters” - seven words begin with the letter “z”, and together with the combination “zzh” in the middle of the word, these lines clearly give rise to the feeling of a slight trembling, ripples running through the water. The first stanza can be completely attributed to the introduction — the author seems to throw light background colors onto the canvas. If not for the title, the reader would not even understand that we are talking about dawn; not a single word indicates the time of day.

In the second stanza - the development of the plot , the movement in nature appears more clearly. This is indicated by several verbs: “smiled”, “dishevelled”, “rustled”, “burned”. However, why these actions occur is again not directly indicated.

And the third stanza is a clear culmination and simultaneous finale. “Overgrown nettle” is described in expressive, even catchy words: “dressed in bright mother-of-pearl,” then follows personification“swaying, whispering playfully,” and finally - direct speech, three words that reveal the essence of the phenomenon being described: “Good morning!” Despite the fact that the same phrase is included in the title, it still remains somewhat unexpected. This feeling is generated by the abbreviated last line- four stressed syllables instead of ten. After a smooth rhythmic narrative, they seem to wake up the reader, the author put the last energetic stroke on the canvas: nature has come to life, the sleepy mood will dissipate this minute!

The poem is written iambic pentameter, although when read, the meter seems complex due to the alternation of stressed and unaccented feet. Each line begins with an unstressed line, then runs up to the middle with two stressed lines, and again a pause. Therefore, the rhythm of the poem seems to rock, lull, enhancing the feeling of pre-dawn silence.

Cross rhyme the one most often found in Yesenin, perfectly suits a descriptive poem - calm alternation in a calm narrative.

Such a generous use of figures of speech can only be appropriate in lyrical descriptions, and few poets could use them so skillfully.

Epithets“golden”, “silver”, “silk” characterize natural beauty like a precious one, and personifications“the stars dozed off”, “the birch trees smiled”, “the nettles whisper” make everything around alive, no less than a person. Thanks to these touches, nature appears before the reader as unusually beautiful, majestic and at the same time close and understandable. The birches are described as if they were girlfriends, village girls, and the “playful” nettle also greets with simple and familiar words.

Metaphors extremely accurate and expressive: the “mirror of the backwater” immediately draws a frozen surface of water with the reflection of the sky; “the mesh of the sky”, which is “blushed by the light” - a scattering of pink cirrus clouds in the east.

After reading the poem, you are left with the feeling that the author not only painted a perfect picture for the reader, but also forced him to visit there, feel the pre-dawn silence and blessed peace. And the title “Good morning!”, repeated in the finale, calls for goodness and fills the soul with anticipation of joy. This is the best aftertaste a piece can leave.

A special place in the work of Sergei Yesenin occupies image of a Russian birch, which appears in various guises. However, most often the poet attributes to her the features of a young, fragile girl. In the poem "Good Morning!" It is the birches that are one of the key characters that “come to life” at the will of the author. Under the influence of warm sun rays they “smiled” and “tumbled their silken braids.” That is, the poet deliberately creates an attractive female image, complementing it with “green earrings” and dew drops sparkling like diamonds.

Possessing a bright poetic talent, Sergei Yesenin easily combines the magic of Russian nature and completely ordinary, everyday things in his works. For example, in the poem “Good morning!” Against the backdrop of a revived creek and a birch girl, the author describes an ordinary village fence with thickets of nettles. However, even this prickly plant, which Yesenin also associates with a young lady, is endowed by the poet with pristine beauty, noting that the nettle “is dressed in bright mother-of-pearl.” And this extraordinary outfit seemed to transform the burning beauty, turning her from an evil and grumpy fury and a social coquette who wishes good morning to random passers-by.

In the end this work, consisting of only three short quatrains, very accurately and completely reproduces the picture of the awakening of nature and creates an amazing atmosphere of joy and peace. Like a romantic artist, Yesenin endows each line with a wealth of colors that can convey not only color, but also smell, taste, and feelings. The author deliberately left many nuances behind the scenes and did not talk about what the coming day would be like and what exactly it would bring. Because such a story would certainly destroy the subtle charm of that moment that separates night from day and is called morning. But with all this, the poem looks like a completely complete work, the logical conclusion of which is the wish “Good morning!”, addressed to all those who have met the dawn at least once in their lives

Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin

The golden stars dozed off,
The mirror of the backwater trembled,
The light is dawning on the river backwaters
And blushes the sky grid.

The sleepy birch trees smiled,
Silk braids were disheveled.
Green earrings rustle
And the silver dews burn.

The fence is overgrown with nettles
Dressed in bright mother of pearl
And, swaying, whispers playfully:
"Good morning!"

Yesenin's creativity is inextricably linked with landscape lyrics, inspired by childhood memories. The poet grew up in the village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan province, which he left as a 17-year-old youth, setting off to conquer Moscow. However, the poet kept the memory of the amazingly bright and exciting Russian nature, changeable and multifaceted, in his heart for the rest of his life.

The poem “Good morning!”, written in 1914, allows us to fully judge Yesenin’s poetic talent and his reverent attitude towards his homeland. A small poetic sketch that tells how the world awakens under the first rays of the gentle summer sun, filled with lyricism and amazingly beautiful metaphors.

Thus, in each stanza of the poem there is imagery characteristic of Yesenin. The poet consciously endows inanimate objects with qualities and abilities that are inherent in living people. The morning begins with the fact that “the golden stars dozed off”, giving way to to the daylight. After this, “the mirror of the backwater trembled,” and the first rays of the sun fell on its surface. Yesenin associates daylight with natural source life, which gives warmth and “blushes” the sky. The author describes the sunrise as if it were familiar natural phenomenon represents a kind of miracle, under the influence of which the entire the world around us is transformed beyond recognition.

The image of the Russian birch occupies a special place in the work of Sergei Yesenin, which appears in various guises. However, most often the poet attributes to her the features of a young, fragile girl. In the poem "Good Morning!" It is the birches that are one of the key characters that “come to life” at the will of the author. Under the influence of the warm rays of the sun, they “smiled” and “tumbled their silken braids.” That is, the poet deliberately creates an attractive female image in readers, complementing it with “green earrings” and drops of dew, sparkling like diamonds.

As a result, this work, consisting of only three short quatrains, very accurately and completely reproduces the picture of the awakening of nature and creates an amazing atmosphere of joy and peace. Like a romantic artist, Yesenin endows each line with a wealth of colors that can convey not only color, but also smell, taste, and feelings. The author deliberately left many nuances behind the scenes and did not talk about what the coming day would be like and what exactly it would bring. Because such a story would certainly destroy the subtle charm of that moment that separates night from day and is called morning. But with all this, the poem looks like a completely full-fledged work, the logical conclusion of which is the wish “Good morning!”, addressed to all those who have met the dawn in the village at least once in their lives and can appreciate the moment of awakening of nature, exciting and magnificent.

Sergei Yesenin poetry
Anthology of Russian poetry

GOOD MORNING!

The golden stars dozed off,
The mirror of the backwater trembled,
The light is dawning on the river backwaters
And blushes the sky grid.

The sleepy birch trees smiled,
Silk braids were disheveled.
Green earrings rustle
And the silver dews burn.

The fence is overgrown with nettles
Dressed in bright mother of pearl
And, swaying, whispers playfully:
"Good morning!"

Read by E. Korovina

Yesenin Sergei Alexandrovich (1895-1925)
Yesenin was born into a peasant family. From 1904 to 1912 he studied at Konstantinovsky zemstvo school and at the Spas-Klepikovskaya school. During this time, he wrote more than 30 poems and compiled a handwritten collection “Sick Thoughts” (1912), which he tried to publish in Ryazan. Russian village, nature middle zone Russia, oral folk art, and most importantly - Russian classical literature provided strong influence for the formation young poet, channeled his natural talent. Yesenin himself different times called different sources, which fed his creativity: songs, ditties, fairy tales, spiritual poems, “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”, poetry of Lermontov, Koltsov, Nikitin and Nadson. Later he was influenced by Blok, Klyuev, Bely, Gogol, Pushkin.
From Yesenin's letters of 1911 - 1913 emerges difficult life poet. All this was reflected in the poetic world of his lyrics from 1910 to 1913, when he wrote more than 60 poems and poems. The most significant works of Yesenin, which brought him fame as one of best poets, created in the 1920s.
Like everyone great poet Yesenin is not a thoughtless singer of his feelings and experiences, but a poet and philosopher. Like all poetry, his lyrics are philosophical. Philosophical lyrics- these are poems in which the poet talks about eternal problems human existence, conducts a poetic dialogue with man, nature, earth, and the Universe. An example of the complete interpenetration of nature and man is the poem “Green Hairstyle” (1918). One develops in two planes: the birch tree - the girl. The reader will never know who this poem is about - a birch tree or a girl. Because the person here is likened to a tree - the beauty of the Russian forest, and she is like a person. The birch tree in Russian poetry is a symbol of beauty, harmony, and youth; she is bright and chaste.
The poetry of nature and the mythology of the ancient Slavs permeate such poems of 1918 as “The Silver Road...”, “Songs, songs, what are you shouting about?”, “I left home...”, “The golden foliage began to spin...”, etc.
Yesenin's poetry of the last, most tragic years (1922 - 1925) is marked by a desire for a harmonious worldview. Most often, the lyrics convey a deep understanding of oneself and the Universe (“I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry...”, “The golden grove dissuaded...”, “Now we are leaving little by little...”, etc.)
The poem of values in Yesenin’s poetry is one and indivisible; everything in it is interconnected, everything forms a single picture of the “beloved homeland” in all the variety of its shades. This is the highest ideal of the poet.
Having passed away at the age of 30, Yesenin left us a wonderful poetic legacy, and as long as the earth lives, Yesenin the poet is destined to live with us and “sing with all his being in the poet the sixth part of the earth with the short name “Rus”.

Zh. ZHITELEVA,
V.ZHITELEV,
school number 19,
Lyubertsy,
Moscow region

Slow reading of Yesenin’s poem “The golden stars dozed off...”

The concept of metaphor

The purpose of the lesson, the methodological development of which is brought to the attention of the literature teacher is to teach sixth-graders an in-depth understanding of the text of a work in linguistic level. This is possible at the junction of two school disciplines– Russian language and literature. In our opinion, in the middle classes it is necessary series of lessons solving this problem. After all, the final and main goal literary education of schoolchildren - instilling in adolescents an interest in fiction in its best examples and a deep understanding of verbal art.

The lesson was conducted by Zh.I. Zhiteleva.

Before the lesson begins, the following words are written on the chalkboard:

bay, backwater, backwater
dress up, dress up, dress up
sky
wattle fence
earring
nacre

PROGRESS OF THE LESSON

Preliminary work with the vocabulary of the poem

In our language (as in all languages), there is a constant process of disappearance of some words and the appearance of others. This is mainly due to changes in people's living conditions.

Today we will read a poem that was created not so long ago, less than a hundred years ago. In this short poem we will meet words that cannot be said to have disappeared from the Russian language, but, unfortunately, they are no longer known to many people.

I said “unfortunately” because words, leaving the language, impoverish our speech and take with them a piece of the soul of our people, that is, you and I are deprived of part of the spiritual heritage that was created by previous generations of our compatriots.

Here are three words: bay, backwater, backwater. One of them is bay- should be familiar to you: you heard it in geography lessons. What does it mean? ( « Part of a body of water, such as the sea, that projects into land » ).

Words backwater And backwater are close to it in their meaning. We will understand why this is so when we select words related to them. Name verbs that have common root with a noun bay. (Pour, pour.) Can you guess for yourself which verbs are related to the noun? backwater?.. By analogy with a chain of cognate words gulf – pour – pour build a series of words related to the noun backwater. (Backwater - sink - drown.) Zatonom called the river bay.

It’s not hard to guess what word the noun comes from backwater . (From the noun water.) Noun creek, like a noun backwater, means "river bay".

Verbs: dress up, dress up And get dressed up mean the same thing, but only one of them is included in our active vocabulary. Name this verb. (Dress up.) The rest are now outdated words and are used extremely rarely.

Word sky Are any of you familiar?.. The meaning of this noun is suggested by the words from which it consists. What words does it consist of? (From the nouns sky and slope.) Word slope need to be explained?.. What does it mean, for example, in the expression hillside? (« Inclined surface hill"). So how can you explain to yourself the meaning of the word? sky? (“This is the part of the sky along the horizon that has an apparent slope”). Let's check our interpretation in the explanatory dictionary. In Ozhegov’s Dictionary of the Russian Language we read: “Part of the sky above the horizon.”

Word wattle fence familiar to you? Name words with the same root for this noun . (Weave, weave.) Weave called a fence woven from twigs and branches.

Now about the word earring . There seems to be nothing to say here: everyone saw the jewelry in the ears. But have you seen catkins on birch trees? Expression birch catkins did you hear? What do they call birch earrings? (Inflorescences of small birch flowers.) Here we observe interesting linguistic phenomenon: the name of one object is transferred to another object, because people noticed something common and similar between these objects. Amazing property language - to transfer a name from one object or phenomenon to another object or phenomenon - is often used by poets.

We have one more word left to clarify - nacre . Do you think this is original? Russian word or is it borrowed from some foreign language?

From dictionaries we learn that it is borrowed from German language and means the substance of which it is composed inner layer shells Mother of pearl has an iridescent iridescent color and is used to make jewelry. Mother-of-pearl forms pearls in shells.

Reading a poem. Conversation with the class

Now listen carefully to the poem of the wonderful Russian poet Sergei Aleksandrovich Yesenin. It is small, but it contains many mysteries for an inexperienced reader, so it may be incomprehensible to some of you, and therefore uninteresting. But these riddles will turn into sparkling poetic facets.

The teacher reads a poem.

The golden stars dozed off,
The mirror of the backwater trembled,
The light is dawning on the river backwaters
And blushes the sky grid.

The sleepy birch trees smiled,
Silk braids were disheveled.
Green earrings rustle
And the silver dews burn.

The fence is overgrown with nettles
Dressed in bright mother of pearl
And, swaying, whispers playfully:
"Good morning!".

Open the textbook* on page 317. Before you is a poem by Yesenin. As you can see, it has no title. Can you give the poem a title? Which line tells us the title of the poem? (Last: Good morning! The poem can be called “Morning.”)
Could you tell me what kind of morning the poet paints: before sunrise or when the sun has already risen? Please note: light blushes the sky grid. When sunlight can the sky turn red? When can dawn be red and ruddy? (Before sunrise.)
What do you think, the morning of what time of year is described in the poem: spring, winter, summer, autumn?
Overall, the content of the poem is clear. But let's re-read it again to deeply penetrate every line of this short work.

The golden stars dozed off.

Tell me: can the stars fall asleep? (They can't.) Then what is the meaning of the words the stars dozed off?
Do you think, directly or figurative meaning verb used here dozed off? (In figurative form.) Let's come up with a sentence in which this verb will be used in its direct meaning, for example: The child dozed off. Imagine that you see a child who has fallen asleep. Probably, each of you will have the following thought: here is a child running, jumping, playing, frolicking and, having played enough, he calmed down, calmed down, became quiet, dozed off.
Now let's return to the expression the stars dozed off. Tell me, do the stars shine the same at night and in the morning? (At night the stars sparkle brightly, they are radiant, larger, more interesting; by morning they dim, seem calm, seem to have dozed off.) So with one ordinary word, but used in a figurative meaning, the poet makes us see the night and morning stars and compare them with each other, paints a picture of the end of the night and the approach of morning.

The mirror of the backwater trembled.

Does the backwater have a mirror? What is it named? mirror of the backwater? (The surface of the water of the backwater.) The name of one object - a mirror - is transferred to another object - the surface of water. What a property water surface does the poet single out, calling it a mirror? (The ability to reflect light, like a mirror.) The author forces the reader see this is a huge water “mirror”.
Let's re-read this line again...
Words tremble, tremble, tremble you and I know well. Can the water surface of a reservoir tremble? (Can't.) It turns out that the verb trembled not used in a literal sense? How to understand this phrase? (Ripples, that is, small waves, appeared on the water surface of the backwater.) Do you know what causes ripples? light breeze early summer morning - a sign of a warm, sunny day.

The light is dawning on the river backwaters
And blushes the sky grid.

Do you imagine in your mind sky grid? How can you illustrate words on a painting? the light blushes the sky grid? (Between light clouds painted red and pink colors, the blue sky is visible in different places.)

The light is dawning on the river backwaters.

We need to explain the verb glimmers? ABOUT early morning when after night darkness It's just starting to get light, they say: the dawn is breaking, the dawn is breaking, the light is breaking. Reading the poem, we see the dawning dawn not only in the sky, but also in the “mirror” of the backwaters.

Let's reread the first stanza in its entirety and expressively. The poetic picture of the gradual onset of morning will correspond to a calm, measured reading.

The sleepy birch trees smiled,
Silk braids were disheveled.

In this sentence only one word is used in direct meaning. Which? (Birches.) I will reread the sentence, missing a word in it birch trees, and you tell me who or what it’s about.

They smiled sleepily and tousled their silk braids.

Who can you say that about? (Only about girls, or, in popular parlance poetic creativity, about red maidens.)

Each of us can easily imagine girlish braids, even disheveled girlish braids; and who will say what it is birch braids? (These are thin long branches hanging from the branches of a birch.)

Are there birch trees? disheveled your braid branches? (The branches of the birch trees are fluttered by the wind, the same breeze that made the mirror of the backwater tremble.)

In what sense is the adjective used here? silk? (In the sense of “beautiful.”) Consider the first line of the poem: golden stars. Adjective gold in this expression has the same meaning; which? (Beautiful.)

How do you understand the expression sleepy birch trees? Did they “doze off” like the stars? (They didn’t “doze off”, but, on the contrary, “woke up”, but had not yet fully recovered from the night’s sleep.) We woke up and greeted the new day with a joyful smile! Just like people! Just like girls!

Let's read the second stanza in its entirety...

Silver dews are burning. How do you imagine this? (Dew drops sparkle on the birch trees as brightly as if they were burning.) In what sense is the adjective used? silver? (Silver color, beautiful.) Dewdrops illuminated by the sun sparkle with all the colors of the rainbow, and those not illuminated by the sun have a silvery color.

Let's read the last stanza...

The nettle was dressed in bright mother-of-pearl. What would you depict in the picture? (Nettles in sparkling drops of dew.)

Reflections on what you read. The concept of metaphor

Now that the poem has been read, let’s think about what we read. Amazing fact: the most ordinary words (dozed off, mirror, grid) required hard work of thought from us.
Here we have drawn a verbal picture for the phrase Nettle/dressed with bright mother-of-pearl. As you can see, the name mother-of-pearl is not mother-of-pearl, but dew, that is, the name of one object - mother-of-pearl - is transferred to another object - dew. A word that transfers the name of one object to another object is called in linguistics metaphor. Greek word metaphor and means "transfer".
Let's find other metaphorical nouns in the poem. What does the poet call mirror? The name of one object - a mirror - is transferred to another object - the surface of a reservoir. Noun mirror V in this case is a metaphor.
Let's look at the next two lines. Each of us knows well what thing, what product is called a word net. What is called the grid in the poem? (A peculiar pattern of the arrangement of clouds in the sky.) Here is another noun used in a metaphorical meaning.

What word is replaced by the word braids? (Branch noun.)

Is it a metaphor or a noun? earrings in combination birch catkins? So far we have been dealing with metaphors created by the poet himself: mirror backwater, net sky, braids birch trees, mother of pearl named dew. Now we have encountered a metaphor that exists in the Russian language, so we may not notice the metaphorical nature of this word. Look into explanatory dictionary Russian language, and you are without special effort You will find many expressions in which nouns are used in a metaphorical sense. For example, in phrases eyeball, doorknob, bow of a ship, tail of a train, table leg, chair back and many, many others. Such expressions are so commonplace in our speech that we do not even feel the metaphor contained in them.

The poem also contains metaphors and adjectives. An adjective used in a metaphorical sense transfers a characteristic characteristic of one object to another object.
Could it be sleepy an inanimate object - a tree? In this case, birch trees are attributed the property of living beings. Birch branches are named silk. Is this a metaphor? And the adjective silver in expression silver dew?
Can an adjective be considered a metaphor? gold?

Which general meaning contained in all three adjectives: gold, silk, silver? (Beautiful.)

The poem ends with the words Good morning! Do you think the adjective is a metaphor? Kind in expression Good morning?

Similar to the expression Good morning or Good morning, there are many others in Russian stable phrases with adjectives used in a metaphorical sense, for example: golden time, vague meaning, catchphrases, black affairs and others.

So, a metaphor noun transfers the name of one object to another; a metaphor adjective transfers a characteristic characteristic of one object to another object. A verb can also be used as a metaphor.

To an inanimate object– to the stars – an action characteristic of a living being is attributed, – dozed off?

You will find other metaphorical verbs in Yesenin’s poem at home on your own.

Metaphor in its meaning is close to comparison: one object or phenomenon is likened to another object or phenomenon. We can say about metaphor that it is an incomplete, truncated comparison. A word used in a metaphorical sense acquires extreme expressiveness, imagery, clarity, and emotionality. Therefore, metaphor is widely used in works fiction, especially in poetry.