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Lessons on the COMPASS program.

Lesson #4. Auxiliary lines in Compass 3D.

When developing drawings on a drawing board, designers always use thin lines; their analogue in Compass 3D is auxiliary straight lines. They are necessary for preliminary constructions and for specifying projection connections between views. When printing, auxiliary lines Auxiliary, it is impossible to change it.

There are several ways to construct auxiliary lines. In this lesson we will look at some of these methods.

1. An arbitrary straight line based on two points.

In the main menu of the program, press the commands sequentially Tools-Geometry-Auxiliary Lines-Auxiliary Line.

Or press the buttons in the compact panel Geometry-Auxiliary line.

By clicking the left mouse button we indicate the first base point (for example, the origin of coordinates). Now we indicate the second point through which the line will pass. The angle of inclination between the straight line and the abscissa axis of the current coordinate system will be determined automatically. You can enter an angle through the properties panel. For example, enter an angle of 45º and press the key Enter.

To complete the construction, click on the icon "Abort command" in the properties panel. This command can be carried out through the context menu, which is called up by right-clicking the mouse.

Similarly, through the base point, you can construct any number of arbitrary straight lines at any angle. You have probably already noticed that the coordinates of points can be entered from the keyboard using the properties panel. In addition, in the properties panel there is a group Modes, which has two switches: “Do not put intersection points”(active by default) and "Place intersection points". If you need to mark the intersection points of a line with other objects, activate the switch "Place intersection points", now the system will automatically set intersection points with all graphic objects in the current view.

The dot style will be - Auxiliary. To remove all auxiliary elements, use the main menu commands Editor-Delete-Auxiliary curves and points. How to mark intersection points not with all, but only with some objects is described in lesson No. 3.

2.Horizontal straight line.

To construct a horizontal line, use the commands Tools-Geometry-Auxiliary Lines-Horizontal Line.

Or through the compact panel by pressing the buttons: Geometry-Horizontal line. The toolbar for constructing auxiliary lines is not entirely visible on the screen. To see it, click on the auxiliary lines button, active at the time of construction, and hold for several seconds.

Now it is enough to click the left mouse button to indicate the point through which the horizontal line will pass. You can build as many straight lines as you like at the same time. To complete the construction, click the button "Abort command" in the properties panel.

It must be remembered that the horizontal line is parallel to the x-axis of the current coordinate system. Horizontal ones constructed in a coordinate system rotated relative to the absolute system will not be parallel to the horizontal sides of the sheet.

3. Vertical straight line.

The construction is similar to the construction of horizontal lines, so you can figure it out on your own.

It must be remembered that the vertical line is parallel to the ordinate axis of the current coordinate system. Vertical ones constructed in a coordinate system rotated relative to the absolute system will not be parallel to the vertical sides of the sheet.

4. Parallel line.

To construct a parallel line, we need an object parallel to which it will pass. Such objects can be: auxiliary straight lines, segments, polyline links, sides of polygons, dimension lines, etc. Let's construct a parallel line for the horizontal line passing through the origin.

Calling the teams Tools-Geometry-Auxiliary Lines-Parallel Line.

The construction of a straight line parallel to a given plane is based on

the following position, known from geometry: a straight line is parallel to the plane,

if this line is parallel to any line in the plane.

Through a given point in space one can draw countless

a set of straight lines parallel to a given plane: To obtain

The only solution requires some additional condition.

For example, through a point (Fig. 180) you need to draw a straight line,

parallel to the plane given triangle ABC, and projection planes!

(additional condition).

Obviously, the desired straight line must be parallel to the intersection line

both planes, i.e. must be parallel to the horizontal track

plane defined by triangle ABC. To determine the direction of this

trace, you can use the horizontal plane defined by the triangle

ABC.

In Fig. 180 draw horizontal line DC and then draw through point M

line parallel to this horizontal line.

Let us pose the inverse problem: draw a plane through a given point,

parallel to a given straight line. Planes passing through some

point A parallel to some straight line BC, form a bundle of planes, the axis

which is a straight line passing through point A parallel to straight line BC.

To obtain a unique solution, some additional

For example, you need to draw a plane parallel to straight line CD, not through

point, and through straight line AB (Fig. 181). Direct AB and CD are crossing. If

it is required to draw a plane through one of two intersecting lines,

parallel-

Rice. 180 Fig. 181

new, then the problem has a unique solution. Through point B

a straight line parallel to straight CD is drawn; straight lines AB and BE determine

plane parallel to straight line CD.

How to determine whether a given line is parallel to a given plane?

You can try to draw a parallel line in this plane

this line. If such a straight line in the plane cannot be constructed, then

the given straight line and plane are not parallel to each other.

You can also try to find the point of intersection of a given line with a given one.

flat. If such a point cannot be found, then the given straight line and

plane are mutually parallel.

§ 28. Construction of mutually parallel planes

Let a point K be given through which a plane must be drawn,

parallel to some plane defined by the intersecting lines AF and BF

Obviously, if through point K we draw straight lines SK and DK, respectively

parallel to the lines AF and BF, then the plane defined by the lines CK and DK, will be parallel.

given plane

Another example of construction is given in Fig. 183 on the right. Through point A

carried out pl. parallel to the square A. First, a straight line is drawn through point A,

obviously parallel square. . This is a horizontal line with projections "" and "",

and A"N"\\h "o. So

Rice. 182 Fig. 183

the trace f"o% f"o will pass the point, and the trace h"o || h"o will pass through X. Planes

and are mutually parallel, since their intersecting traces of the same name are mutually

parallel.

In Fig. 184 shows two planes parallel to each other - one

one of them is given by the triangle LAN, the other by parallel lines DE and FG.

How is the parallelism of these planes established? Those that are in the plane,

given by the lines DE and FG, it turned out to be possible to draw two intersecting

straight lines KN and KM, respectively parallel to intersecting straight lines AC and

Sun of a different plane.

Of course, one could try to find the intersection point at least

line DE with the plane of triangle ABC. Failure would confirm

parallelism of planes.

QUESTIONS FOR §§ 27-28

1. What is the basis for constructing a straight line, which should be

parallel to some plane?

2. How to draw a plane through a line parallel to a given line?

3. What determines the mutual parallelism of two planes?

4. How to draw a plane parallel to a given plane through a point?

5. How to check in a drawing whether the given values ​​are parallel to one another

In any design training course, they teach you to use thin auxiliary lines when creating drawings. Previously, they were applied on a drawing board and then erased from the finished document. Currently in use electronic programs for a drawing, but the need for auxiliary lines is not even discussed. Although in Compass 3D it is even easier to work with them than on a classic drawing board. Auxiliary lines are used to form necessary connections, marking the drawing, creating certain boundaries.

The program allows you to create auxiliary lines in several ways, again, this is very convenient, since sometimes one is used, and in another situation a different method of drawing auxiliary lines is used.

1. Create a straight line using two points.

One of the most popular methods. To activate, you must open the main menu Tools – Geometry - Auxiliary lines - Auxiliary line.

Or you can click in the panel Geometry-Auxiliary line.

Let's set our line by left-clicking on the sheet, so defining the first point, then specify end point lines. At the same time, the program itself will generate the required angle of inclination for the created straight line. However, you can change the angle by entering your values ​​in the box below, then just click Enter.

The auxiliary line has been formed, now you need to click on the familiar icon Abort command, located in the properties panel. However, you can activate this command after finishing working with the line by simply right-clicking the mouse and then selecting the appropriate item in the drop-down menu.

Using a base point you can create infinite number straight lines going at any angles. By the way, if you have coordinates or it’s more convenient to work with a coordinate grid, then you can always set required values in the menu below. You will place a straight line, without any adjustments, on the sheet. Worth paying attention to the group Modes, it has two important switches. The first one is active during standard startup - Don't put intersection points, and you can choose the second one yourself - Set intersection points. Using this setting, you can automatically place points at any intersections, without additional options or manual placement.

However, here you need to specify the style Auxiliary. By the way, to remove all auxiliary elements from the finished drawing, just activate the item in the main menu Editor-Delete-Auxiliary curves and points. We discussed working with points on curves in detail in lesson #3.

2.Draw a horizontal line

You can build auxiliary lines using horizontal lines. Let's open the already familiar menu Tools-Geometry-Auxiliary Lines-Horizontal Line.

A faster option, using a compact panel, select Geometry - Horizontal straight line. However, the basic panel will not be visible on the screen; to correct the situation, press the auxiliary lines button and hold it for a while.

All that remains is to use a left-click to indicate the desired point through which we will pass our straight line. You can create any number horizontal lines. To finish the job, just click Abort command in the properties panel or in the drop-down menu, right-click.

You also need to remember that a horizontal straight line is always parallel to the current x-axis. However, when setting horizontal lines using a rotated coordinate system, they will not be horizontal on the sheet.

3. Draw a vertical straight line.

The general mechanism for calling the line drawing mechanism is absolutely identical to that described above, with the exception of the choice Vertical straight.

However, there are a few important things to remember here. The created vertical straight line is always parallel only to the actual coordinate axis; here the case is identical to the horizontal straight line. Therefore, if you have a modified coordinate system, vertical straight lines will not be parallel to the sheet.

4. Create a parallel straight line.

You can build a parallel straight line only if there is any object on the sheet. It is to these lines that we will create a parallel. Moreover, absolutely any object can act as objects for snapping, from straight and auxiliary lines to the faces of polygonal objects. So, as part of the lesson, let’s take as the main one the horizontal line that goes from the origin of coordinates on our sheet.

Calling a parallel straight line is identical, open Tools – Geometry - Auxiliary lines - Parallel line.

Or use a compact panel, here you need to call Geometry-Parallel Line.

Now let's indicate base object, to which we will lead parallel line. As agreed, the object is a horizontal straight line, select it with the mouse. Then, we need to set the distance at which our parallel line will be located. Below you can specify numeric value, for example 30 mm, or pull it straight with the mouse to the desired distance.

When specifying the distance in numbers, the system will offer two phantom lines at the same distance. This can be disabled if in the properties Number of lines - Two lines remove the activation, transforming it into the creation of one straight line. To fix the created line, just select the active phantom using the mouse and click on the create object button. When you need to create both lines, click Create Object again and then abort the command.

When you need to build a new parallel line, but near another object, just press the button Specify again. Now, you can specify a new object and build a line using the method described in this chapter of the lesson.

That's all, in this lesson we covered the basics of creating auxiliary straight lines.

The methods for constructing parallel lines using various tools are based on the signs of parallel lines.

Constructing parallel lines using a compass and ruler

Let's consider the principle of constructing a parallel line passing through a given point, using a compass and ruler.

Let a line be given and some point A that does not belong to the given line.

It is necessary to construct a line passing through a given point $A$ parallel to the given line.

In practice, it is often necessary to construct two or more parallel lines without a given line and point. In this case, it is necessary to draw a straight line arbitrarily and mark any point that will not lie on this straight line.

Let's consider stages of constructing a parallel line:

In practice, they also use the method of constructing parallel lines using a drawing square and a ruler.

Constructing parallel lines using a square and ruler

For constructing a line that will pass through point M parallel to a given line a, necessary:

1. Apply the square to the straight line $a$ diagonally (see figure), and attach a ruler to its larger leg.
2. Move the square along the ruler until given point$M$ will not be on the diagonal of the square.
3. Draw the required straight line $b$ through the point $M$.

We have obtained a line passing through a given point $M$, parallel to a given line $a$:

$a \parallel b$, i.e. $M \in b$.

The parallelism of lines $a$ and $b$ is evident from the equality corresponding angles, which are marked in the figure with the letters $\alpha$ and $\beta$.

Construction of a parallel line spaced at a given distance from a given line

If it is necessary to construct a straight line parallel to a given straight line and spaced from it at a given distance, you can use a ruler and a square.

Let a straight line $MN$ and a distance $a$ be given.

1. On the given straight line $MN$ we mark arbitrary point and let's call it $B$.
2. Through the point $B$ we draw a line perpendicular to the line $MN$ and call it $AB$.
3. On the line $AB$ from the point $B$ we plot the segment $BC=a$.
4. Using a square and a ruler, we draw a straight line $CD$ through the point $C$, which will be parallel to the given straight line $AB$.

If we plot the segment $BC=a$ on the straight line $AB$ from point $B$ in the other direction, we get another parallel line to the given one, spaced from it by specified distance$a$.

Other ways to construct parallel lines

Another way to construct parallel lines is to construct using a crossbar. More often this method used in drawing practice.

When performing carpentry work for marking and constructing parallel lines, a special drawing tool– malka – two wooden planks that are fastened with a hinge.