Which rivers flow into the Atlantic? Rivers of North America

The question of which rivers belong to the Atlantic Ocean basin can be answered by listing huge amount rivers of Europe, Russia and North America. But since it's too much big list, we will indicate only water streams flowing through our country.

The rivers of the Atlantic Ocean basin in Russia are also very numerous, there are more than 3 dozen of them. Most have a small volume of flow, and among the significant water arteries are the Kuban, Don and Neva. Further in the article we will tell you which rivers belong to the Atlantic Ocean basin, the largest in Russia, and give them a detailed description.

Mighty River Don

If you look at the map of Eurasia, you can easily answer the question of which river belongs to the Atlantic Ocean basin, and at the same time is the largest among the others.

Don originates from Tula region, in the northern part of the vast Central Russian Upland. For a long time, the question of the source of this mighty river remained open. Some geographers believed that the river originates in Lake Ivan, others - in the Novomoskovsk reservoir. Currently, researchers have concluded that the source of the Don is the Urvanka River, which flows not far from Novomoskovsk.

The river crosses the territory of twelve Russian regions(Kursk, Belgorod, Orel, Tula, Ryazan, Tambov, Penza, Saratov, Volgograd, Lipetsk, Voronezh, Rostov regions) as well as three Ukrainian (Kharkov, Donetsk, Lugansk regions).

General characteristics

The length of the river is about 1,870 km, and the basin area is 420,000 km². The Don crosses the steppe and forest-steppe zones, and the nature of its flow along almost its entire length is slow and leisurely, highly winding.

About 5,200 small rivers flow into this waterway, as well as a huge number of streams. Among the main tributaries one can name such rivers of the Atlantic Ocean as Seversky Donets, Voronezh, Quiet and Bystryasny Sosny, Manych, Aksai, Nepryadva, Bear, Black Kalitva, Beautiful Mecha, Bityug, Chir, Ilovlya, Osered, Sal, etc.

The Don flows into the Sea of ​​Azov in the Sea of ​​Azov region, in turn, through the Black and Mediterranean Seas, through straits, it flows into the Atlantic Ocean.

The right bank of the Don, composed mainly of rocky and chalk deposits, is steep and steep. The left bank, on the contrary, is gentle and flat. Left side river basin has large number lakes, as well as wetlands. Forests are predominantly broad-leaved, coniferous or mixed. In the steppe zone there are meadow grasses.

Sections of the river

The Don is divided into three main sections - Upper, Middle and Lower. Upper part extends from the source to the mouth of Tikhaya Sosna. In this place there is the fastest current, there are riffles and whirlpools. The depth of the river is small - up to 1.5 m, but there are also deeper places. In this part, three large right tributaries (Sosna, Nepryadva) and one left tributary (Voronezh) flow into the Don.

The middle part of the Don continues all the way to the Tsimlyanskoye reservoir. The current is slower here average depth is about 1.5 m. In the deepest places it reaches 15 m. In this zone, two large right tributaries (Chernaya Kalitva and Bogucharka) and four left ones (Bityug, Medveditsa, Khoper, Ilovlya) flow into it. The eighty-kilometer Volga-Don Canal is also located here, connecting two large Russian rivers.

The lower part of the Don is the deepest. The depth of the pools here reaches 17 m. After the city of Rostov-on-Don, the river delta begins. In this part it is divided into many ducts. The largest of them are ( right side), as well as Sal, Manych ( left side). Immediately the Don flows into the Sea of ​​Azov.

Water regime, ichthyofauna

The river is fed mainly by snow. The snow contribution is about seventy percent, the rest is represented by ground and rain nutrition. The river is covered with ice from early December to March/early April. During the rest of the year, the Middle and Lower Don are navigable (the total length of the navigable part is about 1.6 thousand km).

The ichthyofauna of the Don is very abundant. Here in significant amount There are such species of fish as bream, rudd, carp, roach, crucian carp, bleak, pike perch, sabrefish, pike, burbot, perch, catfish, ide, etc. During the spawning period, the river is visited by sterlet, and before the construction of the Tsimlyanskoye reservoir, even beluga was found. There is no industrial fishing, and fishing is mainly done by the local population.

Kuban

The Kuban River is born at the confluence of two rapid mountain streams - Uskulan and Ullukan. Its upper reaches are fed by Elbrus glaciers. Total length The Kuban is about 0.87 thousand km long, and it also flows into the Sea of ​​Azov.

The river bed changes its character from the upper reaches to the lower reaches. In the upper part of the Kuban there is a typical mountain river, with all the attributes - rocky gorges, steep, sometimes sheer slopes, a deep valley, rifts and rapid currents.

After the city of Cherkessk, its character changes, the valley expands, and the flow becomes calmer and more measured. The slopes become more gentle. In the middle and lower parts, the Kuban channel is very winding. There are many oxbow lakes in the river valley. The largest of them is Lake Staraya Kuban.

A hundred kilometers from its confluence with the Sea of ​​Azov, the river divides, forming three main branches - Protok, Kazachiy Erik and Petrushin Rukav.

Water regime of Kuban

During the year, the river experiences 7-8 floods, the most abundant of which are spring and summer, and the summer flood is stronger than the spring. This is due to the melting of seasonal snows and glaciers in the Caucasus.

With a relatively short length (only about 74 km), the river’s catchment area is 28 thousand square kilometers, since it is the only one flowing from Lake Ladoga. The total drop is 5.1 m.

The river basin is a complex hydrological network, With a large number lakes and reservoirs. IN total The Neva's drainage area includes over 48 thousand rivers and more than 26 thousand lakes. At the same time, 26 tributaries flow directly into the river.

These are also rivers of the Atlantic Ocean basin, the largest of which on the left bank are the Staro- and Novo-Ladoga canals, Mga, Izhora, Tosna, Slavyanka, and on the right bank are the Chernaya and Okhta rivers. In the delta it is divided into several channels connected by canals.

With a length of 74 km, the discharge of the Neva is 78.9 cubic kilometers per year, which puts it among the ten largest rivers in Europe. The average width is 400-600 m, and the average depth is 8-11 m.

Rivers of the Atlantic Ocean basin (list)

Now let’s list all the rivers included in the Atlantic Ocean basin:

1. Don and tributaries: Seversky Donets, Voronezh, Quiet and Bystraya Sosny, Manych, Aksai, Nepryadva, Medveditsa, Black Kalitva, Krasnaya Mecha, Bityug, Chir, Ilovlya, Osered, Sal.
2. Kuban and tributaries: Bolshoi and Maly Zelenchuk, Teberdya, Laba, Urup, Pshish, Belaya, Afips, Psekups (left bank), Mara, Dzheguta, Gorkaya (right bank).
3. Neva and tributaries: Staro- and Novo-Ladoga canals, Mga, Izhora, Tosna, Slavyanka, and on the right are the Chernaya and Okhta.

Telling which rivers belong to the Atlantic Ocean basin, in general it can be said that all of them are fed predominantly by snow. Their current is calm, and for the most part they are quite deep. Although in our country, by the way, they are not the largest, as in Eurasia. The deepest rivers are the rivers of the Arctic Ocean.

Now, we hope, it will not be difficult for you to answer the question of which rivers belong to the Atlantic Ocean basin in Russia.

The Rhine originates in the Alps at an altitude of 2412 m and in the upper reaches has a narrow, stepped valley with steep slopes, forms many rapids and waterfalls. Here the Rhine is predominantly glacially fed and therefore especially full of water in the summer, when glaciers and snow in the mountains melt. On leaving the Alps, the Rhine flows through the large Lake Constance. Therefore, the flow of the Rhine after Lake Constance is “regulated”, that is, it is full all year round. In the middle and lower reaches it is a flat river, fed mainly by rainwater. When it flows into the North Sea, the Rhine forms a vast delta and flows on its sediments higher than the surrounding area. To avoid catastrophic spills, the river bed is fenced off with embankments (dams). The Rhine freezes on short term only in very severe winters (about once every 10 years). The length of the river is 1233 km. The area of ​​the basin is about 185 thousand km?.

Dnieper

The fourth largest river in Europe by length and basin area after the Volga, Danube and Ural, it has the longest channel within the borders of Ukraine. Length of the Dnieper in natural state was 2285 km, now (after the construction of a cascade of reservoirs) - 2201 km. The area of ​​the basin is 504,000 km?. A typical lowland river with a slow and calm current. It has a winding channel, forming branches, rifts, islands, channels and shoals. It is divided into three parts: the upper course - from the source to Kyiv (1,320 km), the middle - from Kyiv to Zaporozhye (555 km) and the lower - from Zaporozhye to the mouth (326 km).

The direction of the current changes several times: from its sources to Orsha, the Dnieper flows to the southwest, then to Kyiv - directly to the south, from Kyiv to Dnepropetrovsk - to the southeast. A second, shorter (90 km long) section of the river goes to Zaporozhye. Further, to its estuary, it flows in a southwestern direction. Thus, the Dnieper on the territory of Ukraine forms a semblance of a large bow facing east, which doubles the route along the Dnieper from Central Ukraine to the Black Sea: the distance from Kyiv to the mouth of the Dnieper in a straight line is 450 km, along the river - 950 km. The width of the river valley is up to 18 km. The width of the floodplain is up to 12 km. The delta area is 350 km?.

Don

A river in the European part of Russia. In terms of its catchment area, equal to 422 thousand km2, in Europe it is second only to the Volga, Dnieper and Danube. The length of the river is 1870 km. The source of the Don is located in the northern part of the Central Russian Upland, at an altitude of about 180 m above sea level. The character of the valley and bed of the Don is typical for lowland rivers. It has a smooth longitudinal profile with slopes gradually decreasing towards the mouth (Fig. 1), the average slope is 0.1 ‰. Almost along its entire length, the Don has a developed valley with a wide floodplain, many branches (eriks) and old rivers, and reaches a width of 12-15 km in the lower reaches. In the area of ​​the city of Kalacha-on-Don, its valley narrows by the spurs of the Central Russian and Volga uplands. In this short section there is no floodplain near the river. The Don, like other rivers in the region, is characterized by an asymmetrical valley structure. The right bank is high and steep, and the left bank is flat and low. Three terraces can be traced along the slopes of the valley. The valley floor is filled with alluvium deposits. The channel is winding with numerous sandy shallow rifts.

Economic use of rivers in the Atlantic Ocean basin

The Rhine and Danube are the most important transport routes connecting many countries Foreign Europe located along their banks. The importance of these water systems increased even more after the reconstruction of the Danube-Main shipping canal. Currently, not only large river boats, but also river-sea vessels rise up the Danube to Vienna.

The Don is also navigable for 1,590 km up from its mouth to Voronezh.

The Dnieper is very important for transport and the economy of Ukraine: all reservoirs are equipped with large locks, allowing ships up to 270×18 meters in size to have access to the port of Kyiv, and this creates an excellent transport corridor. The river is also used passenger ships: cruises on the Danube and Dnieper bring increasing revenues in last decades. Above Kyiv, the Pripyat flows into the Dnieper. This navigable river connects with the Dnieper-Bug Canal and is connected with the Western Bug. Communication with Western European waterways is theoretically possible, but a dam without locks near the city of Brest interrupts an important international waterway. And near the urban village of Loev, the Sozh River flows into the Dnieper. Previously, there was a regular passenger service along these rivers from Gomel to Kyiv by motor ships such as “Raketa” and “Belarus”, but now only border boats sail along this section of the Dnieper. The Dnieper is also famous for its dams. The most famous is the DneproGES in Zaporozhye, which was built in 1927-1932 and had a capacity of 558 MW. During World War II, the station was partially destroyed by retreating Soviet troops, by 1950 it was restored; in 1969-1975 the second stage of the station was commissioned: DneproGES-2. The Kakhovskaya hydroelectric station was built second in 1950-1956, followed by the Kremenchug hydroelectric station in 1954-1960, the Kiev hydroelectric station in 1960-1964, the Dneprodzerzhinskaya hydroelectric station in 1956-1964, and in 1963-1975 the Kanevskaya hydroelectric station completed the Dnieper cascade dams In the middle and lower reaches (from the mouth of Pripyat to Novaya Kakhovka) there is a cascade of hydroelectric power station reservoirs formed during the construction of the Dnieper hydroelectric power station cascade.

There are a lot of rivers in North America. They all have different origins(tectonic or glacial), extent and nature of feeding. The rivers of North America belong to the basin of one of three oceans: the Pacific, Arctic or Atlantic.

Rivers of the Atlantic Ocean

Most of the rivers flowing into the Atlantic Ocean have a fairly impressive length. The longest river in North America is the Mississippi. Its length is 3,770 km, and it flows exclusively through the United States. It has two tributaries. The Missouri River is a left tributary and the Ohio River is a right tributary. The Mississippi is characterized as a lowland river with mixed type nutrition. Due to frequent rains, it overflows its banks and floods occur.

Rice. 1. Mississippi River.

The fourth longest river in the United States is the Rio Grande. The border between Mexico and the United States runs along it. The Rio Grande flows into the Gulf of Mexico.

Rivers of the Arctic Ocean basin

The rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean are flat in nature with a mixed type of feeding. Due to its location in the Arctic climatic zone they are covered with ice 8 months a year. The largest river in this basin is the Mackenzie. It is located on the territory of two countries: the USA and Canada. She is the most large river in Canada and is included in the list of the largest rivers in the United States. The river has four tributaries: the Peel, Liard, Ruth, and Karkadju rivers.

Rice. 2. Mackenzie River.

Even though North America is rich water resources, in many regions there is a shortage fresh water. This applies primarily to Mexico and the southern United States of America.

Rivers of the Pacific Ocean

The rivers flowing into the Pacific Ocean are short and mountainous. This includes Colorado and Columbia. The Colorado River plays an important role economic importance in the lives of people living in the basin of this river. 11 reservoirs have also been created on the river. The Columbia River is located in the northwest of the North American continent. This river holds the record for the number of tributaries. She has more than 50 of them.

Yukon - another river of the basin Pacific Ocean. Most of it is concentrated in Alaska, and it also flows through Canada. The Yukon is a lowland river (3185 km), whose tributaries are the Teslin, Pelly, Tanana, Klondike, Koyuyukuk.

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Rice. 3. Yukon River.

Not only rivers, but also lakes have large amounts of fresh water. Great Lakes - Unique water system, consisting of five lakes different sizes located in the USA, Canada and Mexico.

What have we learned?

There are many large and small rivers in North America. They can be mountainous or flat, have tectonic or glacial origin, mixed, rain or snow feeding. Fresh water is found not only in rivers, but also in lakes. The longest river on the North American continent is the Mississippi.

Sung by many writers and poets of Russia.

The Don River originates in the Tula region for a long time There were heated debates regarding the source. Initially, the source was considered to be a small lake Ivan, located in the Tula region, but when it was established that the water did not come out of the lake, the reservoir of the city of Novomoskovsk (all in the same Tula region) began to be called the source. But this hypothesis was not confirmed either, since on the Don side the reservoir is fenced off by a powerful dam. As a result, the exact birthplace of the great Russian river was established; it became the very small river Urvanka, flowing a few kilometers from Novomoskovsk. Thus, the Don originates in the northern part of the Central Russian Upland.

The length of the Don is one thousand nine hundred seventy kilometers (1970 km), the basin area is approximately four hundred twenty thousand square kilometers (420,000 km2). Originating in the Central Russian Upland, the Don smoothly passes into flat areas and natural areas, so the river flow is quiet, calm, slow. Along the entire length of the Don, it is replenished by numerous tributaries; according to the most conservative estimates, about five thousand two hundred rivers flow into the Don, not counting small streams. The largest tributaries of the Don are the rivers: Voronezh, Seversky Donets, Bystraya Sosna, Tikhaya Sosna, Aksai, Manych, Medveditsa, Nepryadva, Krasivaya Mecha, Chernaya Kalitva, Chir, Bityug, Osered, Ilovlya, Sal, they all have their own tributaries. The Don flows into the Taganrog Bay.

The Don flows through the territory of Kursk, Belgorod, Orel, Tula, Ryazan, Tambov, Penza, Saratov, Volgograd, Lipetsk, Voronezh regions, Rostov regions Russian Federation. The Don flows through the territory of the Kharkov, Donetsk, and Lugansk regions. The river bed meanders strongly between hills and elevations. In the south Voronezh region(Verkhnemamonsky district) the channel turns and changes direction, it turns out that the river flows north for several kilometers. This is a very rare case, uncharacteristic for the rivers of the Central Russian Upland.

The right bank of the Don is steep and steep almost along its entire length; it consists of chalk and rocky deposits. The left bank, on the contrary, is flat and. The left side of the Don basin has a huge number of rivers that are flooded during floods, and wetlands are also found. In the steppe zone, the left bank is overgrown with grasses.

The riverbed of the Don is usually divided into three sections: Upper Don, Middle Don and Lower Don. TO Upper Don include the area from the mouth to the tributary of the Tikhaya Sosna River. The current of the upper Don is quite fast (compared to the Middle Don), and there are riffles and whirlpools. Four tributaries connect to the Upper Don: Nepryadva (right tributary), Krasivaya Mecha (right tributary), Sosna (right tributary) and Voronezh (left tributary). The depth of the Don in this area rarely exceeds one and a half meters; of course, there are holes of several meters, but they are quite rare.

Middle Don starts from Tikhaya Sosna and ends with Tsimlyansky. In this section, the following rivers flow into the Don: Chernaya Kalitva (right tributary), Bogucharka (right tributary), Bityug (left tributary), Khoper (left tributary), Medveditsa (left tributary), Ilovlya (left tributary). Here the Don flows slowly, the average depth is one and a half meters, there are quite deep holes, some of them reaching thirteen to fifteen meters in depth. In the mid-twentieth century, the Volga-Don Canal was built, connecting two great Russian rivers. Construction of the canal began in the Kalacheevsky district of the Voronezh region, where the riverbed of the Don comes quite close to the riverbed (at a distance of eighty kilometers).

Don River (photo by Anastasia Chernikova)

Lower Don starts from the reservoir and ends at the confluence with the Taganrog Bay. The river delta begins from the city of Rostov-on-Don, where the riverbed is divided into a huge number of channels. In the Lower section, the Don receives the following tributaries: Seversky Donets (right tributary), Sal (left tributary), Manych (left tributary). In the lower reaches of the Don is the widest, the depth is several meters, the holes reach fifteen to seventeen meters.

The Don receives the bulk of its water, approximately seventy percent, as a result of snowmelt, the remaining thirty percent comes from water and rain. The river freezes in early December and opens in March - early April. Thus, the river remains unnavigable for four months. Only the Lower and Middle Don are navigable; the last river port where ships reach is located in the city of Liski, Voronezh region. Thus, most The river is used as a line (approximately one thousand six hundred kilometers).

Delta of the Don River flowing into the Taganrog Bay. Satellite view

The waters of the Don are rich various types freshwater fish: crucian carp, carp, bream, rudd, roach, bleak, sabrefish, pike perch, pike, perch, catfish, burbot, ide... Sterlet comes to the Middle Don during spawning, and before the construction of the Tsimlyansk reservoir, belugas were also found. The fish is not caught on an industrial scale, but sports fishing enthusiasts can be found everywhere on the banks of the great Russian river.