Large rivers flowing into the Atlantic. Rivers of Europe

Answer the question which rivers belong to the basin Atlantic Ocean, you can list huge amount rivers of Europe, Russia and North America. But since it's too much big list, we will indicate only water streams flowing through our country.

The rivers of the Atlantic Ocean basin in Russia are also very numerous, there are more than 3 dozen of them. Most have a small volume of flow, and among the significant water arteries are the Kuban, Don and Neva. Further in the article we will tell you which rivers belong to the Atlantic Ocean basin, the largest in Russia, and give them a detailed description.

Mighty River Don

If you look at the map of Eurasia, you can easily answer the question of which river belongs to the Atlantic Ocean basin, and at the same time is the largest among the others.

Don originates from Tula region, in the northern part of the vast Central Russian Upland. For a long time, the question of the source of this mighty river remained open. Some geographers believed that the river originates in Lake Ivan, others - in the Novomoskovsk reservoir. Currently, researchers have concluded that the source of the Don is the Urvanka River, which flows not far from Novomoskovsk.

The river crosses the territory of twelve Russian regions(Kursk, Belgorod, Oryol, Tula, Ryazan, Tambov, Penza, Saratov, Volgograd, Lipetsk, Voronezh, Rostov region) as well as three Ukrainian ones (Kharkiv, Donetsk, Lugansk regions).

General characteristics

The length of the river is about 1,870 km, and the basin area is 420,000 km². The Don crosses the steppe and forest-steppe zones, and the nature of its flow along almost its entire length is slow and leisurely, highly winding.

About 5,200 hectares of water flow into this water artery. big rivers, as well as a huge number of streams. Among the main tributaries we can name such rivers of the Atlantic Ocean as Seversky Donets, Voronezh, Quiet and Bystryasny Sosny, Manych, Aksai, Nepryadva, Bear, Black Kalitva, Beautiful Mecha, Bityug, Chir, Ilovlya, Osered, Sal, etc.

The Don flows into the Sea of ​​Azov in the Sea of ​​Azov region, in turn, through the Black and Mediterranean Seas, through straits, it flows into the Atlantic Ocean.

The right bank of the Don, composed mainly of rocky and chalk deposits, is steep and steep. The left bank, on the contrary, is gentle and flat. Left side The river basin has a large number of lakes as well as wetlands. Forests are predominantly broad-leaved, coniferous or mixed. In the steppe zone there are meadow grasses.

Sections of the river

The Don is divided into three main sections - Upper, Middle and Lower. Upper part extends from the source to the mouth of Tikhaya Sosny. In this place there is the fastest current, there are riffles and whirlpools. The depth of the river is small - up to 1.5 m, but there are also deeper places. In this part, three large right tributaries (Sosna, Nepryadva) and one left tributary (Voronezh) flow into the Don.

The middle part of the Don continues all the way to the Tsimlyanskoye reservoir. Here the current is slower, the average depth is about 1.5 m. In the deepest places it reaches 15 m. In this zone, two large right tributaries (Chernaya Kalitva and Bogucharka) and four left ones (Bityug, Medveditsa, Khoper, Ilovlya) flow into it ). The eighty-kilometer Volga-Don Canal is also located here, connecting two large Russian rivers.

The lower part of the Don is the deepest. The depth of the pools here reaches 17 m. After the city of Rostov-on-Don, the river delta begins. In this part it is divided into many ducts. The largest of them are ( right side), as well as Sal, Manych ( left side). Immediately the Don flows into the Sea of ​​Azov.

Water regime, ichthyofauna

The river is fed mainly by snow. The snow contribution is about seventy percent, the rest is represented by ground and rain nutrition. The river is covered with ice from early December to March/early April. During the rest of the year, the Middle and Lower Don are navigable (the total length of the navigable part is about 1.6 thousand km).

The ichthyofauna of the Don is very abundant. Here in significant amount There are such species of fish as bream, rudd, carp, roach, crucian carp, bleak, pike perch, sabrefish, pike, burbot, perch, catfish, ide, etc. During the spawning period, the river is visited by sterlet, and before the construction of the Tsimlyanskoye reservoir, even beluga was found. There is no industrial fishing, and fishing is mainly done by the local population.

Kuban

The Kuban River is born at the confluence of two rapid mountain streams - Uskulan and Ullukan. Its upper reaches are fed by Elbrus glaciers. Total length The Kuban is about 0.87 thousand km long, and it also flows into the Sea of ​​Azov.

The river bed changes its character from the upper reaches to the lower reaches. In the upper part of the Kuban there is a typical mountain river, with all the attributes - rocky gorges, steep, sometimes sheer slopes, a deep valley, rifts and rapid currents.

After the city of Cherkessk, its character changes, the valley expands, and the flow becomes calmer and more measured. The slopes become more gentle. In the middle and lower parts, the Kuban channel is very winding. There are many oxbow lakes in the river valley. The largest of them is Lake Staraya Kuban.

A hundred kilometers from its confluence with the Sea of ​​Azov, the river divides, forming three main branches - Protok, Kazachiy Erik and Petrushin Rukav.

Water regime of Kuban

During the year, the river experiences 7-8 floods, the most abundant of which are spring and summer, and the summer flood is stronger than the spring. This is due to the melting of seasonal snows and glaciers in the Caucasus.

With a relatively short length (only about 74 km), the river’s catchment area is 28 thousand square kilometers, since it is the only one flowing from Lake Ladoga. The total drop is 5.1 m.

The river basin is complex hydrological network, With a large number lakes and reservoirs. IN total The Neva's drainage area includes over 48 thousand rivers and more than 26 thousand lakes. At the same time, 26 tributaries flow directly into the river.

These are also rivers of the Atlantic Ocean basin, the largest of which on the left bank are the Staro- and Novo-Ladoga canals, Mga, Izhora, Tosna, Slavyanka, and on the right bank are the Chernaya and Okhta rivers. In the delta it is divided into several channels connected by canals.

With a length of 74 km, the discharge of the Neva is 78.9 cubic kilometers per year, which puts it among the ten largest rivers in Europe. The average width is 400-600 m, and the average depth is 8-11 m.

Rivers of the Atlantic Ocean basin (list)

Now let’s list all the rivers included in the Atlantic Ocean basin:

1. Don and tributaries: Seversky Donets, Voronezh, Quiet and Bystraya Sosny, Manych, Aksai, Nepryadva, Medveditsa, Black Kalitva, Krasnaya Mecha, Bityug, Chir, Ilovlya, Osered, Sal.
2. Kuban and tributaries: Bolshoy and Maly Zelenchuk, Teberdya, Laba, Urup, Pshish, Belaya, Afips, Psekups (left bank), Mara, Dzheguta, Gorkaya (right bank).
3. Neva and tributaries: Old and New Ladoga canals, Mga, Izhora, Tosna, Slavyanka, and on the right are the Chernaya and Okhta.

Telling which rivers belong to the Atlantic Ocean basin, in general it can be said that all of them are fed predominantly by snow. Their current is calm, and for the most part they are quite deep. Although in our country, by the way, they are not the largest, as in Eurasia. The deepest rivers are the rivers of the Arctic Ocean.

Now, we hope, it will not be difficult for you to answer the question of which rivers belong to the Atlantic Ocean basin in Russia.

The very name of the Atlantic Ocean comes either from the Atlas Mountains in northern Africa, or from the name of the legendary continent of Atlantis, which supposedly existed in ancient times and died as a result of a terrible flood. Disputes and searches are still going on regarding the location of Atlantis.
The Atlantic is generally rich in myths, legends and mysterious stories. For example, one of the oldest geographical descriptions- about the voyage of a certain Greek Pytheas from Massilia (present-day Marseille) in the 4th century. BC e. to the north Atlantic, where Thule is supposedly located, the land of legendary cold and fog. Until now, the exact location of Thule, like Atlantis, has not been determined.
Some enthusiasts claim that even before Columbus, Egyptians, Phoenicians, Greeks, the disappeared fleet of Alexander the Great, Arab sailors, Templars, etc. could have sailed along the Atlantic to the shores of America. These legends of the Atlantic have not yet been confirmed. But the primacy of Scandinavian navigators in the discovery of America has been absolutely proven. Archaeological excavations showed that the Vikings in the 10th century. They discovered not only Greenland, where they then lived for several centuries, but also reached the coast of the mainland. Remains of their settlements have been found on the Newfoundland peninsula.
But the Atlantic Ocean became the most important ocean for all mankind in the era of the Great geographical discoveries, in the XV-XVII centuries, when across the Atlantic European civilization I discovered how huge our world is. The Atlantic Ocean was the first to test the strength of the skills of European shipbuilders, and practical experience expeditions suggested how to create new technologies, how to improve cartography and navigation tools.
However, when humanity decided that it had already achieved perfection in conquering the elements, the Atlantic Ocean taught a harsh lesson.
On April 14, 1912, the world's largest passenger liner, the Titanic, collided with an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage. 1502 people died, this tragedy was a shock for the whole world. Atlantic demanded to be taken seriously, and this lesson was remembered for a long time. The sinking of the Titanic has become a legend; many books have been written about it and many films have been made.
There is no point in hoping that someday we, people, will manage the Atlantic like we do in our own kitchen. Even in the 21st century, having much more advanced technology than it was at the time of the Titanic, experienced captains are seriously wary of many places in the ocean that have earned a bad reputation. What is one worth? Bermuda Triangle, where people and ships continue to disappear.

Geography of the Atlantic Ocean

Almost everything passes through the Atlantic Ocean climatic zones Earth, its length is about 20,000 km. Among the many seas belonging to the Atlantic Ocean, the Sargasso Sea deserves special mention. Because this is the only sea in the world that does not have continental shores, and its waters are replete with sargassum (brown seaweed).
The Atlantic Ocean is shaped like Latin letter S. It extends from Greenland in the north to Antarctica in the south. Fresh water from most of the land flows into this huge water basin.

Second largest in the world after Pacific Ocean, The Atlantic Ocean has its characteristic features. Its coastline is highly indented and has relatively small quantity islands, rivers flowing into the Atlantic Ocean or its marginal seas, have largest area swimming pools.
The Atlantic Ocean is also characterized by the complexity of its bottom topography. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge rises above the ocean floor to a height of 2 km. Individual peaks of the ridge form islands, the largest of which is Iceland. It doesn't stop in this area volcanic activity and frequent earthquakes occur.
Another feature of the Atlantic is icebergs - huge mountains of ice floating on the surface of the ocean. They periodically break off from the ice surface of Greenland and Antarctica. These beautiful ocean wanderers are still - big threat for sea vessels.
For Europeans, the concept of the Atlantic is strongly associated with the current, which has the most serious impact on the weather of the continent. It is thanks to the Gulf Stream, which carries its waters from the Bahamas (where the Florida Current joins the Antilles Current, forming the Gulf Stream), that the countries of Europe adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean can enjoy a climate milder than that observed at the same latitude, but away from the Gulf Stream. Suffice it to say that the thermal power of the Gulf Stream is equal to the power of a million nuclear power plants. In the ocean, the Gulf Stream moves at a speed of 6-10 km/h, the thickness of its stream is 700-800 m.
The Atlantic Ocean is the most intensively used ocean by humans and therefore the most susceptible to contamination and other anthropogenic (human-involved) impacts. Suffice it to say that fishing in the Atlantic is regularly the subject of dispute between different countries- it is very difficult to agree on quotas. Overfishing regularly leads to population declines and the need for new restrictions. Availability of many major cities and developed countries on the Atlantic coast leads to discharge into its waters large quantity pollutants.
It is believed that approximately 200 million years ago there was no Atlantic Ocean. And there was a huge continent of Pangea, which 160-180 million years ago, again approximately (in paleogeography exact dates almost never occur), split. Further splits and divergences lithospheric plates Earth led to the fact that about 5-10 million years ago the Atlantic Ocean acquired almost modern look. Many scientists tend to consider the Atlantic Ocean to be the youngest ocean existing on Earth.

General information of the ATLANTIC

Largest sea: Weddell Sea.

The largest rivers flowing into the Atlantic Ocean: Amazon, Nile, Congo, Niger, Mississippi, La Plata.

The most important currents: Gulf Stream, North Atlantic, Canary, Northern Trade Wind, Labrador, Southern Trade Wind, Brazilian, Antarctic Circumpolar, Bengal, Guiana, Falklands Equatorial Countercurrent.

Numbers

Maximum width: 13,500 km.

Area: 91.4 million km 2 (including continental seas).

Greatest depth: 8742 m - Puerto Rico Trench.

Average depth: 3600 m.

Volume: 329.7 million km 3 .

Average annual water salinity: 35%.

Economy

Climate and weather

Most of the Atlantic Ocean is between 40º N. w. and 42º S. w. - found in the equatorial, subequatorial, tropical and subtropical zones, Where all year round positive temperatures. In tropical latitudes the average temperature is +20ºС with heavy rainfall. In subequatorial regions - from +10ºС in winter and +20ºС in summer, precipitation mainly in summer. Tropical hurricanes are a common occurrence. In the subtropics, the temperature of the coldest month of the year drops to +10ºС, and winter is characterized by heavy rainfall. In temperate latitudes, north of 40º N. w. and south of 42º S. sh., precipitation most often falls evenly throughout the year (within 1000 mm), reaching a maximum in the autumn-winter period. Strong storms are typical, temperatures range from +10...15ºС in summer to -10ºС in winter. The most severe climate is in the southernmost part of the Atlantic, in subantarctic and Antarctic latitudes. However, the Atlantic Ocean in subarctic and arctic latitudes can be considered “warmer” only conditionally.

Attractions

Curious facts

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