Analysis of the poem
1. The history of the creation of the work.
2. Characteristics of the work lyrical genre(type of lyrics, artistic method, genre).
3. Analysis of the content of the work (analysis of the plot, characteristics of the lyrical hero, motives and tonality).
4. Features of the composition of the work.
5. Analysis of funds artistic expression and versification (the presence of tropes and stylistic figures, rhythm, meter, rhyme, stanza).
6. The meaning of the poem for the poet’s entire work.
The poem “Once again I visited...” was written by A.S. Pushkin in Mikhailovsky in 1835. On September 25, 1835, Pushkin wrote to his wife: “...Imagine that I still haven’t written a single line; and all because I’m not calm. In Mikhailovskoye I found everything the same as before, except that my nanny was no longer there and that, during my absence, a young pine family had risen near the familiar old pines, which it annoys me to look at, just as it sometimes annoys me to see young cavalry guards on balls at which I no longer dance. But there is nothing to do; everything around me says that I am getting old, sometimes even in pure Russian. For example, yesterday I met a woman I knew, whom I couldn’t help but tell that she had changed. And she told me: “Yes, and you, my breadwinner, have grown old and ugly.” It is generally accepted that these lines formed the basis of the content of the poem. V.A. Zhukovsky published it in volume V of Sovremennik under the arbitrary title “Excerpt” after the poet’s death.
“Once again I visited...” is a work of realistic style; we can attribute it to philosophical lyrics. The main theme of the work is the transience of time, the law of eternal renewal of life.
At the beginning of the poem, a memory thought intersperses into the story about the present:
...I visited again
That corner of the earth where I spent
An exile for two years unnoticed.
“A corner of the earth” - this definition speaks of a special attachment and love for this place. The author calls himself an “exile,” accurately characterizing the circumstances of the life of the disgraced poet. And already here the motif of the transience of time sounds, “ common law"to which a person is subject:
Ten years have passed since then - and a lot
Changed my life
And myself, obedient to the general law,
I have changed...
The poet feels the wisdom of this “general law”, because thanks to its action the eternal triumph of life is maintained. However, the familiar “corner of the earth”, its nature, the measured, monotonous rhythm of life - all this, it would seem, is timeless. At first glance, everything here remains the same. Recalling the past with slight sadness, the poet recognizes familiar places: the “disgraced house” where he lived “with poor nanny south", "wooded hill", "lake", with "sloping banks", "mill", "golden fields", "three pines". Here, Pushkin seems to merge two times - past and present: “The past embraces me vividly.” Some realities of the past exist in the present reality, the rest live in the consciousness of the poet, in his grateful memory. Here a barely perceptible motive of death and mortality arises human existence. The “disgraced house” is lonely: the “poor nanny” is no longer alive, her “heavy steps” can no longer be heard.
Thus, the theme of the “general law of being” and the theme of “ eternal life nature” here seem to be in conflict throughout this entire part of the poem: obeying the passage of time, the poet himself has changed, there is no longer a nanny, but the familiar “corner of the earth” seems to be not only beyond the control of time, but frozen in immobility. The past turns out to be “alive” in the present. “The past” is exactly the same as before, until the poet notices any changes here. The lake is blue, “spreads wide,” the fisherman invariably pulls the “poor net” behind him, behind the villages “the mill is crooked,” “the road rises up the mountain,” three pine trees “stand at a distance” - all these pictures coincide both in the poet’s memoirs and in his new impression. But then, driving past three old pines, he notices changes in natural world:
...They are still the same
Still the same rustle, familiar to the ear -
But about the roots of them are outdated
(Everything there was once empty, bare)
Now the young grove has grown,
Green Family; the bushes are crowding
Under their shadow, like children...
The image of three pines is the central image of the poem. It is this image that embodies the main Pushkin idea - the wisdom of the law of eternal renewal of life. Nature in Pushkin is personified. The poet calls young pines a “green family.” Near the old roots of mighty pines, young “bushes crowd together,” “like children.” And the lonely pine tree is likened to an “old bachelor” deprived of offspring:
And in the distance
One of their sullen comrades stands,
Like an old bachelor, and around him
Everything is still empty.
Here the motive of confrontation between man and nature is suddenly muted, and then imperceptibly turns into the opposite - the motive of the unity of man and nature. Nature, like humans, is subject to the influence of time. Man is recognized here as a particle of nature, living according to the same laws. In this the poet greatest wisdom eternal renewal of life, eternal triumph of youth. Here the motif of the future, “a young, unfamiliar tribe” arises:
Hello tribe
Young, unfamiliar! not me
I will see your mighty late age...
But let my grandson
Hears your welcoming noise when,
Returning from a friendly conversation,
Full of cheerful and pleasant thoughts,
He will pass by you in the darkness of the night
And he will remember me.
The themes of the past, present and future merge in the life-affirming intonation of the poem’s finale.
Compositionally, the work is divided into three parts. The first part is the present time, the poet’s arrival in Mikhailovskoye. The second part is pictures of nature and memories of the past, comparison of the past and present. The third part is thoughts about the future. The composition of the poem is reflected in linguistic means.
The poem is written in rhymeless iambic pentameter. The poet's reflections retain the naturalness of conversational intonation, which is emphasized by the absence of rhymes, a combination of verses containing and devoid of caesura. The ease of speech and at the same time its emotionality are created by an abundance of syntactic transfers. In the work we can note modest, precise, appropriate epithets (“disgraced house”, “her heavy steps”, “her painstaking watch”, “poor net”, “golden fields”, “green pastures”), metaphor (“Green family ; the bushes crowd under their shade like children." In the third part, verbs are used in the form of the future tense: “I will see”, “you will outgrow”, “he will hear”, “will pass”, “will remember”. The confrontation between the past and the present, flowing into the future, is also reflected in the syntax. So, in complex sentences we often find a dash emphasizing a contrasting comparison of times, life periods. The vocabulary of the poem is varied: there are words of both colloquial and everyday, “low” style (“forcibly”, “sat”, “remember”), and “high” style (“embraces”, “under the canopy”), and Slavicisms (“ along the banks", "young", "head"). The work contains alliteration and assonance: “evening I still wandered in these groves,” “the rustling of their peaks is a familiar noise,” “tossing and turning in the wind.”
The poem “Once again I visited...” best characterizes the spiritual image of the poet. Man is mortal, but life is eternal, it belongs to future generations, and this has both meaning and hope - this is the main idea of the poem. We find similar thoughts in other works of Pushkin. Thus, in the poem “Do I wander along the noisy streets,” the poet remarks:
Am I caressing a sweet baby?
I’m already thinking: sorry!
I give up my place to you:
It's time for me to smolder, for you to bloom.
The poet writes about this in a letter to P.A. Pletnev in 1831: “You’re moping again. Hey, look: the blues are worse than cholera, one kills only the body, the other kills the soul. Delvig died, Molchanov died; Wait, Zhukovsky will die, we will die too. But life is still rich; we will meet new acquaintances, new friends will mature for us, your daughter will grow up, she will grow up to be a bride, we will be old bastards, our wives will be old bastards, and the children will be nice, young, cheerful guys; and the boys will begin to hang out, and the girls will become sentimental; but we like it. Nonsense, my soul; not the blues - cholera on days will pass“If we were alive, we would someday be cheerful.” Thus, in Pushkin’s lyrics of the 30s, man is included in the life of previous and future generations. An optimistic worldview, faith in the rationality of life, in the final victory of light over darkness - all this is reflected in this work.
The poem I Visited Again was written in 1935, when the poet last time went to Mikhailovsky. Then there was his mother's funeral. The verse belongs to philosophical lyrics, since Pushkin conveyed his thoughts about life and death, the connection between man and nature.
The history of the creation of the poem I visited again is connected with the tragic stage of the poet. He experienced a lot, so his new work became another opportunity to convey his feelings to the people.
Artistic means here, first of all, are focused on correctly placed punctuation marks. Hyphens, ellipses, commas - all these elements slow down speech and stretch it out.
Of course, Pushkin also talks about how he has changed over the past ten years. The amazing thing is that it never repeats itself. This is not a compilation of previous works, but a completely new creation.
There were also descriptions of nature. Here she acts as an additional assistant to remember everything and to understand what has changed. Observing the pine trees shows the poet that life goes on. The death of one person does not change the world.
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“I visited again” Alexander Pushkin
...I visited again
That corner of the earth where I spent
An exile for two years unnoticed.
Ten years have passed since then - and a lot
Changed my life
And myself, obedient to the general law,
I have changed - but here again
The past embraces me vividly,
And it seems the evening was still wandering
I'm in these groves.
Here is the disgraced house
Where I lived with my poor nanny.
The old lady is no longer there - already behind the wall
I don’t hear her heavy steps,
Not her painstaking watch.Here is a wooded hill, above which
I sat motionless and looked
To the lake, remembering with sadness
Other shores, other waves...
Between golden fields and green pastures
It spreads wide, blue;
Through its unknown waters
A fisherman swims and pulls along
Poor net. We'll slop along the banks
The villages are scattered - there behind them
The mill crooked, its wings were struggling
Tossing and turning in the wind...
On the border
Grandfather's possessions, in that place,
Where the road goes up the mountain,
Rugged by rain, three pines
They stand - one at a distance, the other two
Close to each other - here, when they pass by
I rode on horseback in the moonlight,
The rustling of their peaks is a familiar sound
I was greeted. Along that road
Now I have gone, and in front of me
I saw them again. They're still the same
Still the same rustle, familiar to the ear -
But about the roots of them are outdated
(Where once everything was empty, bare)
Now the young grove has grown,
Green Family; the bushes are crowding
Under their canopy they are like children. And in the distance
One of their sullen comrades stands
Like an old bachelor, and around him
Everything is still empty.
Hello tribe
Young, unfamiliar! not me
I will see your mighty late age,
When you outgrow my friends
And you will cover their old head
From the eyes of a passerby. But let my grandson
Hears your welcoming noise when,
Returning from a friendly conversation,
Full of cheerful and pleasant thoughts,
He will pass by you in the darkness of the night
And he will remember me.
Analysis of Pushkin’s poem “I Visited Again”
Alexander Pushkin has quite a lot of textbook works, one of which is the poem “Again I visited...”. It is noteworthy because for the poet it is a kind of summing up of life, the line beyond which he has to make his final choice and decide what he really wants.
This work, consisting of three parts, was created in 1835 during the last visit of Alexander Pushkin to small homeland- to the famous village of Mikhailovskoye, where the poet spent not only his entire childhood, but also two years of exile. Going to the family estate, Pushkin did not have a clear idea of exactly how he would continue to live. However, several months spent in the lap of nature helped him accept several important decisions. One of them directly related to creativity, to which the poet decided to devote all subsequent years of his life. Pushkin understood that his position at court was very unambiguous, since freedom-loving poems and sharp epigrams had already sufficiently shocked secular society and caused the secret displeasure of the sovereign emperor. However, the tsar’s revenge was very subtle and skillful, since shortly before his trip to Mikhailovskoye, he granted Pushkin the title of chamber cadet, which is usually awarded to 20-year-old boys. Taking such a gift as a mockery, the poet decided to leave for a while family estate to accept final decision regarding exactly what he should do.
The answers to the numerous questions that torment the poet lie in his poem “I Visited Again”. The first part of this work is devoted to nostalgic memories, in which there is a certain regret that youth has passed, and the time has come to take stock of the first results of life. In the second part, which is inspired by walks along Mikhailovsky, one can clearly grasp the poet’s desire to settle in this God-forsaken corner, leaving forever high society with its intrigues and gossip. At the same time, the third part, beginning with the line “Hello, young, unfamiliar tribe!”, is addressed to descendants. The poet admires in advance that the future generation of people will certainly be able to get rid of high-society snobbery, will become better and cleaner, but the author is unlikely to be able to get acquainted with its most prominent representatives.
In a sense final part the poem “I Visited Again” turned out to be prophetic, since less than a year and a half later, Alexander Pushkin died in a duel, without realizing his dream of once again returning to Mikhailovskoye and spending the rest of his life on the estate. That's why this work is not only a summing up, but also a kind of farewell to his native places, where the poet will no longer have the opportunity to walk through moonlit meadows, enjoying the impeccable beauty of Russian nature. However, the author still does not lose hope that he will be able to break vicious circle secular society, pay off debts and become truly a free man who can live the way he wants. The belief that everything can still be changed for the better fills literally every line of the poem “I Visited Again,” giving it a certain lightness, sublimity and romance. Despite a rather difficult period in the poet’s life, he finds the strength to be optimistic and rethinks the years he has lived, coming to the conclusion that only communication with nature can give him true peace. All his life he draws strength for creativity precisely in Mikhailovsky, so he makes the final decision to settle in his “native land”, which, unfortunately, will never be realized.
The poem “I Visited Again” was written by Pushkin on the penultimate trip in his life to Mikhailovskoye, in September 1835. The poet's next visit to the village was associated with a sad event - the funeral of his mother. And six months later, the coffin with the body of Pushkin himself was brought to the family estate to the place of his final resting place on the Holy Mountains.
The main theme of the poem
The poet was associated with Mikhailovsky through childhood memories and two years of exile, from July 1825 to September 1827, which occurred during his youth. Loneliness, distance from familiar image lives were painful for Pushkin, although they gave him invaluable experience in creativity, rethinking life attitudes, growing up, becoming a person.
Pushkin’s consolation in exile was his nanny, under whose “painstaking supervision” he felt loving, compassionate care. Now “the old woman is gone - I can’t hear her heavy steps behind the wall.” Memories of years of exile, sadness of loss loved one explains the motive of sadness that fills the first lines of the poem.
The work can be divided thematically into three parts. At the beginning, the poet indulges in memories of the past time. He is sad about the nanny. He remembers how he “sat motionless and looked at the lake,” comparing it with south sea, where I was so happy just recently.
Seeing three pine trees by the road, he notices the changes that have occurred over the years of his absence - young trees grow in the shade of their crowns. The poet’s thoughts return to today; the second part is dedicated to him. Today Pushkin is the father of a large family and it is gratifying for him to know this. In the composition of three pines, he sees that one pine stands at a distance from the other two, with no young shoots growing around it. She is “like an old bachelor,” the poet notes.
The third part is a hymn to new life. The poet frees himself from sadness and welcomes the “young, unfamiliar tribe.” The passage of time is accepted by him as a natural pattern of life. He accepts the changes that happen to him and the world around him.
Structural analysis of the poem
The work is constructed as if thoughts were written down on paper at the moment when thoughts arose. The feeling of immediacy of what is happening is served by ellipses at the beginning and other places in the text. It was as if the poet had snatched an idea from a series of others and transferred it to paper. The lines do not rhyme, many words and images are close to colloquial forms. The use of the solemn manner of iambic pentameter indicates the importance for the poet of the thoughts that sound in the work.
The sincerity and spontaneity of the poetic narrative that the poet wants to convey to the reader require a sparing use of epithets. There are few of them in the poem, but they are always used in the right place. The “sad net”, controlled by a fisherman, creates an association with the image of the old man Charon, transporting the captured souls of the dead through Lethe. “Green Family” tells the reader that the poet is thinking here about his family.
The poem “I Visited Again” is a kind of summing up of the poet’s life. But unlike the “ceremonial” “I erected a monument to myself,” here Pushkin evaluates his life not from the point of view of its significance for society. He believes in its value for his family and hopes for a good memory of his grandson.
The poetry of A.S. Pushkin is poetry full of the living charm of poetry, good feelings and lofty thoughts.
In 1835, in the month of September, Pushkin wrote the poem “Again I visited...”. This work is a philosophical argument, an example of realistic poetry.
Thirties of the nineteenth century - difficult years for a poet, but this is the heyday of his talent; the period that marks its entry into fundamentally new literary paths, “which progressive Russian literature will follow over time.”
The place where the poem was written is Mikhailovskoye, where the poet returned after a long break. The reason for the trip was business affairs, but the real reason, probably was in another. The poet had a craving for solitude, there was a desire to see again “his grandfather’s possessions”, “disgraced house”, “wooded hill”, places with which he was so connected...
What preceded the appearance of the poetic work “I Visited Again”? Preceded by letters to his wife and Nashchokin, in which the poet talked about his anxieties and experiences, annoyances and sorrows. In a letter to his wife, Pushkin noted that he had not yet started writing, although, “...Today the weather is cloudy. Autumn is starting. Maybe I’ll sit in.”
The poem by A.S. Pushkin “Once again I visited...” echoes the poems by E.A. Baratynsky “Desolation” (“I visited you, captivating canopy...”1834), and “There is a sweet country, there is a corner on the earth...” 1832). And also with V.A. Zhukovsky’s elegy “Perishability,” which contains the following words: “And many, many years later, perhaps a passerby will stop here” (1816).
In the lyrical monologue “Again I visited...” Pushkin tells us about places dear to his heart, where he spent “an exile for two unnoticed years” (we are talking about exile in Mikhailovskoye in 1824-1826), about the “poor nanny” who is no longer there . The poet tells us about the past, the present, and lifts the veil of the future. He notices the changes that have happened around him, and he notices the changes in himself.
To create a reflective poem, which is “I Visited Again,” the author resorts to white, unrhymed pentameter (iambic pentameter), with its restrained and solemn flow, with its simplicity and unadornedness. The use of rhyme of this kind (or rather, the absence of it) is suitable for works whose themes are about time and about oneself, about the past and the future, about life and death.
The poem can be divided into five parts. The parts begin (with the exception of the third) and end (with the exception of the second) with a hemistich. These five parts are five interrelated topics. Let's call them:
— the return of the poet, Mikhailovsky groves;
- memory of the nanny, her disgraced house;
- a hill and a lake, at the sight of which the poet remembers other shores, other waves;
- three pines, young grove;
— the poet’s appeal to “a young, unfamiliar tribe.”
After analyzing the poem, we can say that in more in a broad sense it is divided into two enlarged parts: the first part is thoughts about the past, the second part is thoughts about the future.
What is this poem about? It is about fast-flowing time and about oneself, about the connection between the natural world and the human world, about life in its constant movement and death, about the change and continuity of generations.
What are the main motives of the poem?
The motive of the road (“I visited again”), memories (“the past embraces me vividly”), exile and sadness (“I spent as an exile”), the motive of change and loss (“I have changed”, “the old lady is no longer there”, “the mill has become bent” ), renewal and youth (“now the young grove has grown”).
The revelation of the plot in the lyrical monologue “I Visited Again” is achieved by showing two angles. The first is created by pictures of nature. Here is a hill, a lake, three pine trees, next to which it was once empty, bare, and now a young grove has grown.
The second perspective is associated with the image of the lyrical hero, his thoughts, memories, experiences. This line determines the development lyrical theme creative work. The monologue of the lyrical hero begins the poem, and the work ends with his lyrical appeal to the young tribe. As for the differences between the positions of the lyrical hero and the author (who are usually not directly associated) - in this poem there are none. It can be said that the author and lyrical hero- this is the same person. No wonder the word “I” appears eleven times in the verse.
The combination in “I Visited Again” of these two perspectives - nature and man with his thoughts and reflections - allows us to determine the theme of the poem: to “translate” it from the category of lyrical to the category of philosophical (“the young grove”, thanks to personification, turns into a symbol of future generations, to which the poet's speech is addressed).
At first, the lyrical hero plunges into memories of his past, about the old nanny. Rainbow pictures of nature, “other shores”, “golden fields” are replaced by unsightly views of a crooked mill, a fisherman with a wretched net.
The story about three young pines that began sadly continues in more colorful shades: it was “empty, bare,” now “the young grove has grown.” And in the future, “you will outgrow my acquaintances, And you will obscure their old chapter.” This is the spiral of development, the immutable law of life. Time is unstoppable, life moves forward, one generation is replaced by another. “Now” and “later” are inseparable for the author: the grandson will remember his grandfather, who himself had already foreseen this memory.
In the philosophical argument “I visited again...” the law of succession of generations (the dialectical law of life), connecting the past, present and future, is at the forefront. "The durability of the tree marks here life connection between grandfather and grandson, who hear the welcoming sound of pine trees on the border of the “grandfather’s domain.”
The ideological meaning of the work is that man is a part of nature, man and nature are inseparable, and also in constant communication generations.
In a poem central theme is the theme of inexorably passing time, the theme of the inevitable movement of life, inevitable changes. Time changes - a person and everything that surrounds him changes. The author, as if imperceptibly, but constantly keeps track of time: “I visited again,” “I spent two unnoticed years as an exile,” “ten years have passed since then.”
Themes of the past, present and future are consolidated in the final part of the work.
The genre of the poem “I Visited Again” is elegy.
Artistic features of the poem, means of poetic expression
Reading this poem requires a special arrangement of pauses. The overall rhythmic pattern of the work is characterized by frequent transitions and internal pauses. The five parts of the poem (five themes) are not the same in number of lines. This specificity of the astronomical composition of the poem is a sign of the simplicity of the form.
The lyrical monologue begins with a shortened line, thereby creating the impression that some kind of conversation is being continued.
An increased number of hyphens (three pines / Standing, looking / At the lake, on the border / of my grandfather’s domain, my grandson / Will hear), an abundance of pauses, iambic pentameter, astronomical composition - all these means of poetic expressiveness create a natural intonation of living reflection, giving a special sound to the poems , full deep poetry, despite the lack of rhyme.
Phonetic features
Remembering the nanny, the lyrical hero seems to hear the echo of “her heavy steps” and shuffling gait. There are alliterations for sibilants and voiceless ones:
“The old lady is no longer there - already behind the wall
I don’t hear her heavy steps...”
Alliterations on “w” and “x” - in other lines:
“The rustling of their peaks is a familiar noise...”
“Still the same rustling sound that is familiar to the ear...”
Assonance (repeat next to each other) true words identical sounding vowel sounds) - “evening I still wandered in these groves.”
Means of expression (epithets) – “golden fields”, “poor net”, “two years of unnoticed”, “her painstaking watch”, “disgraced house”.
Lexical features (Slavicisms) – “on the banks”, “young”, “head”.
In the poem “Once again I visited...” the central theme, as already noted, is the theme of time mercilessly running forward, it deprives a person of complete freedom. Only life itself is free. At this phase of his life, the poet was already convinced of the utopianism of the concept of “absolute freedom.” Perhaps that is why there is not a single interrogative sentence in the monologue.
Conclusion
“Once again I visited...” is an example of a realistic, philosophical lyrics poet. Pushkin always approached his work very carefully; he rejected everything that seemed private and concrete to him. He strove to make his work as philosophical as possible.
Analysis of the poem allows you to better understand the author's intention, artistic principles construction of a lyrical work, to comprehend the methods that the poet resorted to in order to convey to us the deep ideas of the verse.
During the poet’s lifetime, the poem “I Visited Again” was not published.
